data sheet - ABACOM Technologies
Contents
1. Rated 20 Hour Rate 10 Hour Rate 5 Hour Rate 1 Hour Rate ppa mps 28 0 AH 1 50 30 00 2 80 28 00 5 10 25 50 18 60 18 60 35 0 AH 1 80 36 00 3 50 35 00 6 50 32 50 27 00 27 00 42 0 AH 225 45 00 4 20 42 00 7 20 36 00 25 20 25 20 56 0 AH 3 00 60 00 5 60 56 00 9 50 47 50 33 00 33 00 65 0 AH 3 53 70 60 6 50 65 00 11 20 56 00 39 00 39 00 75 0 AH 4 00 80 00 7 50 75 00 12 90 64 50 45 00 45 00 92 0 AH 4 90 98 00 9 20 92 00 15 80 79 00 55 20 55 20 103 0 AH 5 09 111 00 10 30 103 00 17 70 88 50 61 80 61 80 124 0 AH 6 45 129 00 12 40 124 00 21 30 106 50 74 40 74 40 144 0 AH 7 70 154 00 14 40 144 00 24 08 120 40 84 00 84 00 153 0 AH 8 30 166 00 15 30 153 00 26 30 131 50 91 80 91 80 210 0 AH 11 30 226 00 21 00 210 00 36 10 180 50 126 00 126 00 Table 3 PG Series batteries by industry convention are rated at their 10 hour rate Capacity expressed in ampere hours AH is the product of the current discharged and the length of discharge time The rated capacity C of a Power Sonic battery PS PSH and PSG Series is measured by its performance over 20 hours of constant current discharge at a temperature of 20 C 68 F to a cut off voltage of 1 75 volts cell As an example model PS 610 with a rated capacity of 1 1 AH will deliver 55mA 1 20 of 1 1 AH or 0 05C for 20 hours before the voltage reaches an end voltage of 5 25 volts By cycling the battery a few times or float chargi2. oxygen cycle Should oxygen and hydrogen escape a gradual drying out would occur eventually affecting capacity and battery life During charge oxygen is generated at the positive and reacts with and partially discharges the sponge lead of the negative As charging continues the oxygen recombines with the hydrogen being generated by the negative forming water The water content of the electrolyte thus remains unchanged unless the charging rate is too high In case of rapid generation of oxygen exceeding the absorbing capacity of the negative plate the pressure relief valve will open to release excessive gas Deep Discharge Power Sonic batteries are protected against cell shorting by the addition of a buffering agent that ensures the presence of acid ions even in a fully discharged state Power Sonic defines deep discharge as one that allows the battery voltage under load to go below the cut off or final voltage of a full discharge The recommended cutoff voltage varies with the discharge rate Table 1 shows the final discharge voltages per cell It is important to note that deep discharging a battery at high rates for short periods is not nearly as severe as discharging a battery at low rates for long periods of time To clarify let s analyze two examples e Battery A Discharged at the 1C rate to zero volts C for a 4 AH battery for example is 4 amps Full discharge is reached after about 30 minutes when the batte
3. 120 0 1C Charge Voltage Constant 2 45V cell 100 0 08C 80 0 06C m m After 50 Discharge 60 0 04C F After 100 Discharge 40 0 02C Charging Current Initial at 0 1C Amp 20 OC Figure 13 Typical charge characteristics for cycle service where charging is non continuous and peak voltage can be higher Charge Charging Charged Volume Current Voltage of A V cell Charge at 0 1C Amp initial charging current and 2 35V Cell Constant Voltage at 20 C Charged Volume 120 0 1C Charge Voltage Constant 2 35V cell 100 0 08C 80 0 06C m m After 50 Discharge 60 0 04C After 100 Discharge 40 0 02C Charging Current Initial at 0 1C Amp 20 0C Figure 14 Typical characteristics for standby service type charge Here charging is continuous and the peak charge voltage must be lower POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 13 Charging Constant Voltage Charging Constant voltage charging is the best method to charge Power Sonic batteries Depending on the application batteries may be charged either on a continuous or non continuous basis In applications where standby power is required to operate when the AC power has been interrupted continuous float charging is recommended Non continuous cyclic charging is used primarily with portable equipment where charging on an intermittent basis is appropriate The constant voltage charge method applies a constant voltage to the battery and limits the initial charge current It is
4. 4 60 4 60 8 0 AH 0 40 8 00 0 78 7 75 1 40 7 00 4 80 4 80 8 5 AH 0 425 8 50 0 81 8 10 1 50 7 50 6 50 6 50 9 0 AH 0 45 9 00 0 83 8 30 1 54 7 70 5 60 5 60 10 0 AH 0 50 10 00 0 93 9 30 1 70 8 50 6 20 6 20 10 5 AH 0 53 10 50 0 98 9 80 1 87 9 35 6 82 6 82 12 0 AH 0 60 12 00 1 15 11 50 2 10 10 50 7 30 7 30 13 0 AH 0 65 13 00 1 22 12 20 2 30 11 50 8 00 8 00 14 0 AH 0 70 14 00 1 30 13 00 2 50 12 50 8 45 8 45 18 0 AH 0 90 18 00 1 70 17 00 3 20 16 00 11 10 11 10 20 0 AH 1 00 20 00 1 85 18 50 3 40 17 00 12 40 12 40 21 0 AH 1 05 21 00 2 00 20 00 3 70 18 50 13 00 13 00 26 0 AH 1 30 26 00 2 40 24 00 4 40 22 00 16 10 16 10 28 0 AH 1 40 28 00 2 62 26 20 5 00 25 00 18 60 18 60 35 0 AH 1 75 35 00 3 30 33 00 6 20 31 00 25 00 25 00 36 0 AH 1 80 36 00 3 35 33 50 6 12 30 60 22 30 22 30 40 0 AH 2 00 40 00 3 80 38 00 6 70 33 50 24 00 24 00 55 0 AH 2 75 55 00 5 10 51 00 8 80 44 00 30 60 30 60 75 0 AH 3 75 75 00 7 20 72 00 13 60 68 00 47 00 47 00 100 0 AH 5 00 100 00 9 20 92 00 15 80 79 00 55 20 55 20 110 0 AH 5 50 110 00 10 30 103 00 17 70 88 50 61 80 61 80 140 0 AH 7 00 140 00 13 50 135 00 24 00 120 00 84 00 84 00 210 0 AH 10 50 210 00 20 00 200 00 36 00 180 00 168 00 168 00 Table 2 Capacities for various multiples of the 20 hour discharge current PS PSH and PSG models POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 5 Capacity Table 3 shows capacities for various multiples of the 20 hour discharge current for PG models
5. F charge efficiency increases so rapidly that there is a danger of thermal runaway if temperature compensation is not precise The effect of temperature on charge voltage is less critical in float applications than in cyclic use where relatively high charge currents are applied for the purpose of short recharge times Temperature effects should definitely be considered when designing or selecting a charging system Temperature compensation is desirable in the charging circuit especially when operating outside the range of 5 C to 35 C 41 F to 95 F The temperature coefficient is 2mV cell C below 20 C 68 F in float use and SmV cell C below 20 Cin cyclic use For higher temperatures the charge voltage should be correspondingly decreased Ambient Charge Voltage Per Cell Temperature Cyclic Use V Float Use V 40 C 40 F 2 85 2 95 2 38 2 43 20 C 4 F 2 67 2 77 2 34 2 39 10 C 14 F 2 61 2 71 2 32 2 37 0 C 32 F 2 55 2 65 2 30 2 35 10 C 50 F 2 49 2 59 2 28 2 33 20 C 68 F 2 43 2 53 2 26 2 31 25 C 7 h 2 40 2 50 2 25 2 30 30 C 86 F 2 37 2 47 2 24 2 29 40 C 104 F 2 31 2 41 2 22 2 27 50 C 122 F 2 25 2 35 2 20 2 25 Table 4 Recommended charge voltages for different temperatures Top Charging All battery lose capacity through self discharge it is recommended that a top up charge be applied to any battery
6. SLA battery based uninterruptible power power supply battery backup systems picoUPS 100 LVP module SLA LVP module picoUPS 100 plus SLA LVP Features Typical Applications e SLA battery deep discharge protection e SLA battery deep discharge protection e Early warning discharge alarm selectable Beeper or flashing LED e Custom Uninterruptible power supplies e MOSFET load switching up to 10A e Portable battery powered systems e Adjustable hysteresis e Battery backup systems e Adjustable Early Warning voltage trigger voltage e Emergency power supplies e Adjustable battery cutoff voltage e Alarm systems e Designed for the picoUPS 100 uninterruptible power supply battery charger module Basic Operation It is important to note that the SLA battery terminal voltage under load will be lower than the battery terminal voltage when the load is removed When the load is removed the battery voltage rebounds to a higher voltage The amount of voltage rebound depends on the load current draw and the state of battery charge For example A 12V SLA battery supplying a load current of 5A can measure 11V under load after some time but as soon as the load is re moved the battery voltage can rebound to 12 3V This effect is taken into account when configuring the SLA LVP module Early Warning E W threshold voltage and the Low Voltage Protection LVP load cut off voltage The SLA LVP modules are pre configured E W trigger voltage of e 11 7V and a
7. The maximum period of time a battery can be stored without supplementary charging Standby Service An application in which the battery is maintained in a fully charged condition by trickle or float charging State of Charge The available capacity of a battery at a given time expressed as a percentage of rated capacity Sulfation The formation or deposit of lead sulfate on the surface and in the pores of the active material of the batteries lead plates If the sulfation becomes excessive and forms large crystals on the plates the battery will not operate efficiently and may not work at all Thermal Runaway A condition in which a cell or battery on constant potential charge can destroy itself through internal heat generation Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery VRLA See SLA Battery listed above POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries We employ IQC PQC and ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems to test materials monitor manufacturing processes and evaluate finished products prior to EMC shipment All our batteries are 100 tested with advanced tested Germany Certificate of UL Certificate of ISO9001 computer equipment prior to being released for sale Power Sonic management and staff are committed Our batteries are manufactured to international standards including JIS DIN and IEC and have UL and CE certification to providing the best possible service to satisfy our customer s needs and fulfill our undertaki
8. When using a taper current charger the charger time should be limited or a charging cut off circuit be incorporated to prevent overcharge Please contact our technical department if you need assistance with this In a taper current charging circuit the current decreases in proportion to the voltage rise When designing a taper charger always consider power voltage fluctuations In this event the internal resistance drop will convert to heat Heat generated by the circuit should be measured and if required a heat sink should be incorporated in the design T D R ME E BATT Figure 17 Taper current charging circuit Charge Current Battery Voltage Charger Current Battery Voltage Charge Time Figure 18 Taper current charging characteristics for this type of basically unregulated charger POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 15 Overcharging As a result of too high a charge voltage excessive current will flow into the battery after reaching full charge causing decomposition of water in the electrolyte and premature aging At high rates of overcharge a battery will progressively heat up As it gets hotter it will accept more current heating up even further This is called thermal runaway and it can destroy a battery in as little as a few hours Undercharging If too low a charge voltage is applied the current flow will essentially stop before the battery is fully charged This allows some of t
9. capacity This relationship is shown in Figure 6 Capacity Ratio 120 110 80 60 40 20 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature C Figure 6 Effect of Temperature on Capacity Power Sonic batteries may be discharged at temperatures ranging from 40 C to 60 C 40 F to 140 F and charged at temperatures from 20 C to 50 C 4 F to 122 F While raising ambient temperature increases capacity it also decreases useful service life It is estimated that battery life is halved for each 10 C 18 F above normal room temperature Discharge Time 20 15 10 mal R Final a Voltage C Rated Capacity E 5 1 75ViCell 1 70 V Cell N 30 1 50 ViCell NNN NA 40 C 104 F 1 35 ViCell N 20 C 68 F 0 C 32 F 10 0 05C 0 1C 0 2C 0 5C 1C 2C 5C Discharge Current A Figure 7 Relationship between current and discharge time for different ambient temperatures POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 9 Performance Data Shelf Life amp Storage Low internal resistance and special alloys in the electrodes assure a low self discharge rate and consequently a long shelf life If kept at 20 C 68 F about 60 70 of the nominal capacity remains after one year of storage Due to the self discharge characteristics of this type of battery it is imperative that they be charged within 6 months of storage otherwise permanent loss of capacity might occur as a result of sulfa
10. dioxide causing a sudden rise in voltage due to decreasing internal resistance A constant voltage charge therefore allows detection of this voltage increase and thus control of the current charge amount e Constant Voltage e Constant Current e Taper Current Two Step Constant Voltage Additional information regarding charging methods can To obtain maximum service life and capacity along be found on pages 13 through 19 with acceptable recharge time and economy constant voltage current limited charging is recommended Charging Charging Characteristics During constant voltage or taper charging the battery s current acceptance decreases as voltage and state of charge increase The battery is fully charged once the current stabilizes at a low level for a few hours There are two criteria for determining when a battery is fully charged 1 the final current level and 2 the peak charging voltage while this current flows Charging Methods Selecting the appropriate charging method depends on the intended use cyclic or float service economic considerations recharge time anticipated frequency and depth of discharge and expected service life The key goal of any charging method is to control the charge current at the end of the charge Charge Charging Charged Volume Current Voltage af A Vicell Charge at 0 1C Amp initial charging current and 2 45V Cell Constant Voltage at 20 C Charged Volume a
11. is reached It is the voltage point at which 100 of the usable capacity of the battery has been consumed or continuation of the discharge is useless because of the voltage dropping below useful levels The final discharge voltages per cell are shown in Table 1 Page 4 Discharging a sealed lead acid battery below this voltage or leaving a battery connected to a load will impair the battery s ability to accept a charge To prevent potential over discharge problems voltage cut off circuits as shown in Figure 12 may be used Figure 12 Circuits of Over Discharge Preventative Device Charging Dependable performance and long service life To charge a Power Sonic SLA battery a DC voltage depend upon correct charging Faulty procedures or between 2 30 volts per cell float and 2 45 volts per inadequate charging equipment result in decreased cell fast is applied to the terminals of the battery battery life and or unsatisfactory performance The Depending on the state of charge the cell may selection of suitable charging circuits and methods temporarily be lower after discharge than the applied is as important as choosing the right battery for the voltage After some time however it should level off application During charge the lead sulfate of the positive plate Power Sonic batteries may be charged by using any of becomes lead dioxide As the battery reaches full the conventional charging techniques charge the positive plate begins generating
12. necessary to set the charge voltage according to specified charge and temperature characteristics Inaccurate voltage settings cause over or under charge This charging method can be used for both cyclic and standby applications I I I BATT LOAD AC Figure 15 Constant voltage charging circuit Charge Current Battery Voltage Charger Current Battery Voltage ie Charge Time Figure 16 Constant voltage charging characteristics Charging Constant Current Charging Constant current charging is suited for applications where discharged ampere hours of the preceding discharge cycle are known Charge time and charge quantity can easily be calculated however an expensive circuit is necessary to obtain a highly accurate constant current Monitoring of charge voltage or limiting of charge time is necessary to avoid excessive overcharge While this charging method is very effective for recovering the capacity of a battery that has been stored for an extended period of time or for occasional overcharging to equalize cell capacities it lacks specific properties required in today s electronic environment Taper Current Charging This method is not recommended as it is somewhat abusive of sealed lead acid batteries and can shorten service life However because of the simplicity of the circuit and low cost taper current charging is extensively used to charge multiple numbers and or for cyclic charging
13. that has been stored for a long period of time prior to putting the battery into service To successfully top charge a battery stored for more than 12 months the open circuit voltage must be higher than 2 0 volts per cell in this case always confirm open circuit voltage prior to attempting top up charging Charging Efficiency The charging efficiency n of a battery is expressed by the following formula AH Discharged After Fully Charged N AH Delivered to Battery During Charge The charging efficiency varies depending upon the state of charge of the battery temperatures and charging rates Figure 21 illustrates the concept of the state of charge and charging efficiency As shown in Figure 22 Power Sonic batteries exhibit very high charging efficiency even when charged at low charging rates 9 E 100 2 E Lu y 5 50 0 50 100 State of Charge Figure 21 Charge efficiency vs state of charge gt O O Um Lu O y 0 001 0 002 0 005 0 01 0 02 0 05 0 1 Charging Current xCA Figure 22 Charge efficiency vs charging current POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 19 Important Do s and Don ts Power Sonic rechargeable sealed lead acid batteries are designed to provide years of dependable service Adherence to the following guidelines will ensure that battery life is maximized and operation is trouble free Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS e Iti
14. the discharge current the temperature during discharge the final cut off voltage and the general history of the battery Table 2 shows capacities for various multiples of the 20 hour discharge current for PS PSH and PSG models Rated 20 Hour Rate 10 Hour Rate 5 Hour Rate 1 Hour Rate Capacity Amps A Amps AH Amr AH 0 5 AH 0 025 0 50 0 045 0 45 0 08 0 40 0 30 0 30 0 8 AH 0 04 0 80 0 072 0 72 0 13 0 65 0 48 0 48 1 1 AH 0 055 1 10 0 10 1 00 0 19 0 95 0 68 0 68 1 4 AH 0 07 1 40 0 13 1 30 0 24 1 20 0 85 0 85 2 0 AH 0 10 2 00 0 19 1 90 0 34 1 70 1 24 1 24 2 3 AH 0 115 2 30 0 225 2 25 0 39 1 95 1 38 1 38 2 5 AH 0 125 2 50 0 22 2 20 0 40 2 00 1 50 1 50 2 8 AH 0 14 2 80 0 25 2 50 0 48 2 40 1 70 1 70 2 9 AH 0 145 2 90 0 26 2 60 0 49 2 45 1 80 1 80 3 2 AH 0 16 3 20 0 30 3 00 0 54 2 70 2 00 2 00 3 4 AH 0 17 3 40 0 33 3 30 0 58 2 90 2 20 2 20 3 5 AH 0 175 3 50 0 33 3 40 0 59 2 95 2 17 2 17 3 8 AH 0 19 3 80 0 35 3 50 0 64 3 20 2 40 2 40 4 5 AH 0 225 4 50 0 41 4 10 0 64 3 20 2 75 2 75 5 0AH 0 25 5 00 0 43 4 30 0 80 4 00 3 00 3 00 5 4 AH 0 27 5 40 0 50 5 00 0 90 4 50 3 60 3 60 5 5 AH 0 275 5 50 0 54 5 40 0 95 4 75 3 70 3 70 6 0 AH 0 30 6 00 0 56 5 60 0 98 4 90 3 60 3 60 6 5 AH 0 325 6 50 0 61 6 10 1 10 5 50 4 03 4 03 7 0 AH 0 35 7 00 0 63 6 30 1 19 5 95 4 34 4 34 7 2 AH 0 36 7 20 0 70 7 00 1 30 6 50
15. 0 05 volts cell the current accepted by the battery drops to less than 0 01 x C amps 1 of rated capacity the battery is fully charged and the charger should be disconnected or switched to a float voltage of 2 25 to 2 30 volts cell The voltage should not be allowed to rise above 2 45 0 05 volts cell Charging for Standby Operation Standby applications generally do not require that the battery be charged as fast or as frequently as in cycle operation However the battery must be kept constantly charged to replace the energy that is expended due to internal loss and deterioration of the battery itself Although these losses are very low in Power Sonic batteries they must be replaced at the rate the battery self discharges at the same time the battery must not be given more than these losses or it will be overcharged To accomplish this a constant voltage method of charging called float charging is used The recommended constant float voltage is 2 25 2 30 volts per cell Maintaining this float voltage will allow the battery to define its own current level and remain fully charged without having to disconnect the charger from the battery The trickle current for a fully charged battery floating at the recommended charge voltage will typically hover around the 0 001C rate 1OmA for a 10AH battery for example The float charger is basically a constant voltage power supply As in cycle chargers care must be exercised not to exceed the init
16. 1X5 Canada Tel 1 416 236 3858 website http www abacom tech com email abacom abacom tech com The following pages contain the user manual for the picoUPS 100 module picoUPS 100 12V DC battery backup system Micro UPS uninterruptible power supply Quick Installation Guide Version 1 0b P N picoUPS 100 Introduction The picoUPS 100 is asmall yet powerful UPS uninterruptible power supply solution The picoUPS 100 was conveniently design to be compatible with quarter brick PSU standard 58 x 36mm The picoPSU 100 ensures uninterrupted power for your electronics by automatically switching in between a DC input source 15 18V and a Lead Acid SLA battery The switching in between the power sources is instantaneous thus allowing smooth uninterrupted device operation The picoUPS 100 also has a built in two stage battery charger unit Mini Box com ATX DC DC Converter Series Mode of Operation The PICOUPS 100 has been specifically designed for uninterruptible small medium power PC operation where always on operating is required Applications for the picoUPS include a wide range of systems including servers and telecom and high availability systems These applications often have either N 1 redundant power supplies redundant power buses or both MOSFET vm 11 4 Vout 1 2 a a 2 1 1 o Two step charger GREEN RED YELLOW INPUT ON BATTERY ON BULK CHARGE BAT m En MOSFET ed E BAT Fi
17. 4 0 1 2 4 6 810 20 40 60 2 4 6 810 20 Ny Minutes yp Hours Discharge Time Figure 4 Discharge Characteristic Curves at 20 C 68 F Open Circuit Voltage Open circuit voltage varies according to ambient temperature and the remaining capacity of the battery Generally open circuit voltage is determined by the specific gravity of the electrolyte Discharging a battery lowers the specific gravity The open circuit voltage of a Power Sonic battery is 2 16 V cell when fully charged and 1 94 V cell when completely discharged As seen in Figure 4 under load the battery can deliver useful energy at less than 1 94 V cell but after the load is removed the open circuit voltage will bounce back to voltages shown in Figure 5 dependent upon residual capacity For6V For12V Battery Battery 6 8 6 6 6 4 6 2 Terminal Voltage 6 0 5 8 0 20 40 60 80 100 Residual Capacity Figure 5 Open Circuit Voltage Characteristics Performance Data Temperature Actual capacity is a function of ambient temperature and rate of discharge At 20 C 68 F rated capacity is 100 The capacity increases slowly above this temperature and decreases as the temperature falls Even at 40 C 40 F however the Power Sonic battery will still function at better than 30 of its rated capacity when discharged at the 20 hour rate 0 056 At any ambient temperature the higher the rate of discharge the lower the available
18. 6V 5A AC DC adapter The output can be coupled to ATX power supply such as M1 ATX M2 ATX M3 ATX or picoPSU 60 WI or picoPSU 120 25 Specifications picoUPS 100 Power Ratings max load 10A Volts V Max Load A Peak Load A Bulk Charge 6 18V 6A fanless 10A fan 500mA if Vcc is below 15V unit will work but will not fully charge the Battery Precautions for operating this DC DC converter Inrush input current should not exceed 20A Peak load should not exceed 60 seconds Low voltage battery cut off not provided by this module Float voltage is 13 5V 1 use only with SLA batteries Green LED V in is active V in is routed to V out Red LED Batt is active Batt is routed to V Out Orange LED Batt is in bulk charging mode Input Requirements 16V regulated min 2A max load dependent picoUPS 100 Quick Installation Guide Page 3 Mini Box com ATX DC DC Converter Series Size 58mm L 36mm W 20mm H 1U compliant Weight 30gramms Connectors Faston Blades 0 187 LED 0603 status LEDs Vcc BATT Charge Overload protection This unit does not provide overload protection Inrush current should not exceed more than 20A for 1 second Operating environment Temperature 20 to 65 degree centigrade NOTE For fanless operation please ensure that the PSU body temperature T psu does not exceed 75C Higher temperatures are allowed but MTBF could decrease Maximum power supply body tem
19. LVP load cut off voltage of e 11 5V With the above E W and LVP settings when the battery voltage drops to 11 7V the E W is triggered and the module starts beeping its alarm or flashes its LED depending on the jumper setting to signal that battery recharging is required When the external power supply is connected to the picoUPS 100 LVP then the beeping E W alarm will stop If the charging power supply is not connected to the module the battery voltage continues to drop Once it reaches the 11 5V LVP threshold setting the picoUPS 100 LVP automatically disconnects the load and ends the E W alarm and is locked in pro tection mode preventing further discharge to the battery The picoUPS 100 LVP recovers out of protection mode as soon as the 16V external charging power supply is connected to the picoUPS 100 LVP and the battery is recharged The SLA LVP module may be user reconfigured for alternative E W and LVP voltage thresholds via the relevant on board po tentiometers as described in configuration below Custom LVP and E W Configuration The SLA LVP module is pre configured with its E W and LVP threshold voltages at 11 7V and 11 5 V respectively With these settings the E W will trigger when the battery voltage drops to 11 7 V and the LVP load cut off will occur when the battery volt age is at 11 5V The LVP hysteresis is set to 1 5V to allow for battery voltage rebound condition when the load is cut off Without the hysteresis allowanc
20. OvVercharcin E era E E E E O E S ss 16 CIS HEM Ga INA Ste stants era E E EEE a NE EEE Co anne 16 CharpineorGycleiOperationiisa sais ess ee ee 16 Chareine IorsStamdaby Operation o ee een 16 wo Sep COnStalit volio sc Oharsi s me nn D n een 17 A Sera ee 17 Charging i parli ee 18 TermperaturesCompensationt ss TAE meeette 18 TOP Clio A O o co teaver cele ner conta O al 18 CARE ar EECC OCA men une mau kuis ee ea 19 Important Do s and Don ts U 20 mis ale S San O P Ps 20 A pss a ss sasa passa 20 Caput E NE 21 NOES APRE RES RR RR RR NR E 22 Features of Power Sonic Sealed Lead Acid Batteries Sealed Maintenance Free The valve regulated spill proof construction allows trouble free safe operation in any position There is no need to add electrolyte as gases generated during the charge phase are recombined in a unique oxygen cycle Power Sonic sealed lead acid batteries can be operated in virtually any orientation without the loss of capacity or electrolyte leakage However upside down operation is not recommended Long Shelf Life A low self discharge rate up to approximately 3 per month may allow storage of fully charged batteries for up to a year depending on storage temperatures before charging becomes critical However we strongly recommend that all batteries should be recharged within six months of receipt as it will enhance their long term li
21. SZ L 2020 K q OL H 2 im Q do a Ee Q v amp Z Q Y m Say SUI gieuO3sidq u pe uu PO ASL L 3010 PO ASL L 9500 J9VL10A 1N3YUNO TVNI3 ayoq Jusuno aBJeyas p al amp L a a a a la lala aja a a lala 0 N tw Ww N tw La _ ao LA UM Alea LIM SODENOA BS om h lo Sohn bb seis amp o na paya sawn aBJeyas q o oO Ss lol lo U O IO O gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt oE O O gt gt gt gt gt gt L ml fs lt Ends al gt gt gt L E Es L Lo alo lalo OF 0s 09 08 001 10 99 98 Aysedey fuoneg Performance Data Discharge During discharge the voltage will decrease The graphs in Figure 4 illustrate this for different discharge rates and ambient temperatures C is the rated capacity of a battery C for model PS 610 6V 1 1 AH is 1 1AH By convention the rating of nearly all sealed lead acid batteries is based on a 20 hour 0 05C discharge rate For larger batteries used for telecom and large UPS systems our PG Series the convention is to use a 10 hour rate 0 10 An important feature of Power Sonic batteries is shown in the discharge curves namely the voltage tends to remain high and almost constant for a relatively long period before declining to an end voltage For 6V For12V Battery Battery 6 5 13 0 5 0 5 5 5 0 Terminal Voltage 4 5
22. Technologies O ABACOM picoUPS 100 LVP Advanced SLA UPS Charger With Battery Protection SLA LVP Deep Discharge SLA Battery Protection Module Sealed lead acid SLA Lithium lon Li Ion Lithium Polymer Li Po or LirePO4 batteries are permanently destroyed when they are over discharged The SLA LVP module is designed around the ICL7665 voltage monitor ic and provides protection against destructive deep discharge condition through its constant monitoring of the SLA battery voltage When the critical discharge threshold voltage is approaching the SLA LVP module triggers an early warning alarm to indicate that corrective action such as battery recharging is required If corrective action is not taken the SLA LVP will then automatically cut off the load as soon as the critical discharge voltage is reached The SLA LVP will keep the load disconnected until the battery voltage is restored to an acceptable level at which time it will automatically reconnect the load The SLA LVP is simply installed between the SLA battery and the load It has been designed as an add on battery protec tion circuit for use with the picoUPS 100 uninterruptible power supply charger module from www mini box com to provide an advanced featured SLA uninterruptible battery backup power supply for a wide range of applications The SLA LVP module when combined together with the picoUPS 100 results in a highly compact advanced featured modu lular solution for custom
23. e batteries in an inverted position e Avoid exposing batteries to heat Care should be taken to place batteries away from heat emitting components If close proximity is unavoidable provide ventilation Service life is shortened considerably at ambient temperatures above 30 C 86 F To prevent problems arising from heat exchange between batteries connected in series or parallel it is advisable to provide air space of at least 0 4 10mm between batteries e Do not mix batteries with different capacities different ages or of different makes The difference in characteristics will cause damage to the batteries and possibly to the attached equipment e Battery cases and lids made of ABS plastic can sustain damage if exposed to organic solvents or adhesives e For best results and generally acceptable performance and longevity keep operating temperature range between 40 C 40 F and 60 C 140 P It is good practice to ensure that the connections are re torqued and the batteries are cleaned periodically e Do not attempt to disassemble batteries Contact with sulfuric acid may cause harm Should it occur wash skin or clothes with liberal amounts of water Do not throw batteries into a fire batteries so disposed may rupture or explode Disassembled batteries are hazardous waste and must be treated accordingly Important Do s and Don ts Charging Batteries should not be stored in a discharged state or at elevated tem
24. e undesired load switching oscillation will occur From tests it has been determined that the 1 5V hysteresis is just greater than the rebound voltage which is desired to prevent oscillation Fixed resistors R1 180K and R4 10K set the hysteresis for LVP and EAN respectively R1 is the most critical in oscillation prevention To increase the hysteresis a higher value will be used or a lower value for reduced hysteresis The LV set potentiometer is used to set the LVP cut off voltage To change the LVP and E W voltages proceed with the steps on the next page Equipment required e Variable DC power supply with an output voltage up to 16V e Voltmeter or multimeter e Small flat tip screwdriver Setting Low Voltage Protection LVP Cut Off E W output select E W Hysteresis R4 To multimeter voltmeter load To variable power supply 16V max LVP Hysteresis R1 E W outputs 1 Turn the LV Set potentiometer fully clockwise 2 Set variable power supply to 15V and connect power to power supply input screw terminal 3 Connect a multimeter Voltage scale to the Vout terminals Multimeter should measure 15V 4 Adjust the variable power supply down to the desired LVP cut off voltage 5 Slowly adjust the LV Set potentiometer counter clockwise whilst monitoring the V out on the multimeter 6 When Vout measured on the multmeter suddenly drops to read OV stop adjusting The LVP cut off voltage has now been set 7 Slo
25. e Batteries 1 Battery Construction Terminals Relief valve Depending on the model batteries come either with AMP Faston type In case of excessive gas pressure build up terminals made of tin plated brass post type terminals of the same composition with threaded nut and bolt hardware or heavy duty flag terminals made of lead alloy inside the battery the relief valve will open and relieve the pressure The one way valve not only ensures that no air gets into the battery where the oxygen would react with the plates causing internal discharge but also represents an important safety device in the event of excessive overcharge A special epoxy is used as sealing material surrounding the terminals Vent release pressure is between 2 6 psi the seal ring material is neoprene rubber Plates electrodes Power Sonic utilizes the latest technology and equipment to cast grids from a lead calcium alloy free of antimony The small amount of calcium and tin in the grid alloy imparts strength to the plate and guarantees durability even in extensive cycle service Lead dioxide paste is added to the grid to form the electrically active material Separators Power Sonic separators are made of non woven glass fiber cloth with high heat and oxidation resistance The material further offers superior electrolyte absorption and retaining ability as well as excellent ion Inthe charged state the i GH conductivity negative plate pas
26. er be mixed with discharged batteries when charging in series The discharged batteries should be charged before connection When a single constant voltage charger is connected across an entire high voltage string the same current flows through all cells in the string Depending on the characteristics of the individual batteries some may overcharge while others remain in a slightly undercharged condition To minimize the effects of individual battery differences use batteries of the same age amp hour and history and if possible charge in strings of no greater than 24 or 48 volts POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries Charging in Parallel Power Sonic batteries may be used in parallel with one or more batteries of equal voltage When connected in parallel the current from a charger will tend to divide almost equally between the batteries No special matching of batteries is required If the batteries of unequal capacity are connected in parallel the current will tend to divide between the batteries in the ratio of capacities actually internal resistances When charging batteries in parallel where different ratios of charge are to be expected it is best to make provisions to assure that the currents will not vary too much between batteries Temperature Compensation Power Sonic batteries perform well both at low and high temperatures At low temperatures however charge efficiency is reduced at temperatures above 45 C 113
27. es the picoUPS 100 LVP modules and includes a DC DC Buck Boost regulator to provide multiple selectable output voltages from 5V to 24V The SLA battery management is taken care of by the picoUPS 100 LVP which provides power status indication 3 stage battery charging deep discharge protection and more Mh amazona SERES Waria IDG Wr External 16VDC Power Supply Charger In Select DC voltage out put and slected output Status LED Amber Charging Red Battery voltage display Backup ON Green External Power Supply ON SLA LVP module IIMS a TUT ria ia ria E a scams TERRE HER Emas e rt 5 Buck Boost DC DC Converter H ts ae SLA battery output provides slectable 5V 12V PRE 1 15V 16V 18V 19V 20V or Lata oeste omens minis v 24VDC regulated output Eee didns gt Regulated DC output from Buck Boost DC DC Converter 12V 4 5Ah SLA Battery PicoUPS 100 module Technical Characteristics UR Mexinouvorage o hn Load coren SA Output vonage mi Wwenyswrss E j Reverse Polaiy Protection noe oo Dimensions 1 Bin X34in s in RE 0 4 stand Ordering Information Part Number Description picoUPS 100 LVP picoUPS 100 module plus SLA LVP module picoUPS 100 picoUPS 100 uninterruptible power supply battery charger module SLA LVP SLA deep discharge protection module ABACOM Technologies Inc 32 Blair Athol Crescent Etobicoke Ontario M9A
28. est method in which the battery is briefly discharged at a constant current while the voltage is measured Cutoff Voltage The final voltage of a cell or battery at the end of charge or discharge Cycle A single charge and discharge of a cell or battery Deep Cycle A cycle in which the discharge continues until the battery reaches it s cut off voltage usually 80 of discharge Direct Current DC The type of electrical current that a battery can supply One terminal is always positive and the other always negative Discharge The process of drawing current from a battery Deep Discharge the discharge of a cell or battery to between 80 and 100 of rated capacity Depth of Discharge the amount of capacity typically expressed as a percentage removed during discharge e Self Discharge the loss of capacity while stored or while the battery is not in use Self Discharge Rate the percent of capacity lost on open circuit over a specified period of time Drain The withdrawal of current from a battery Electrode Positive or negative plate containing materials capable of reacting with electrolyte to produce or accept current Electrolyte Conducts ions in a cell Lead acid batteries use a sulfuric acid solution End of Charge Voltage The voltage reached by the cell or battery at the end of charge while the charger is still attached Energy Density Ratio of battery energy to volume or weight expressed in wat
29. fe Please refer to this Technical Manual and individual battery specification sheets for more details Design Flexibility Same model batteries may be used in series and or parallel to obtain choice of voltage and capacity The same battery may be used in either cyclic or standby applications Over 80 models available to choose from Deep Discharge Recovery Special separators advanced plate composition and a carefully balanced electrolyte system ensure that the battery has the ability to recover from excessively deep discharge Economical The high watt hour per dollar value is made possible by the materials used in a sealed lead acid battery they are readily available and low in cost Easy Handling No special handling precautions or shipping containers surface or air are required due to the leak proof construction Please refer to the declaration of non restricted status for D O T and I A T A as listed in the Literature section of our website www power sonic com Compact Power Sonic batteries utilize state of the art design high grade materials and a carefully controlled plate making process to provide excellent output per cell The high energy density results in superior power volume and power weight ratios Low Pressure Valve Regulators All batteries feature a series of low pressure one way relief valves These valves safely release any excessive accumulation of gas inside the battery and then reseal High Disc
30. g 1 1 picoUPS block diagram Power inputs 1 A 16V power source The actual range for V in 15 18V NOTE Unit will work as low as 6V but battery will not be charged if V in is lower than 15V 2 A Lead Acid or Sealed Lead Acid battery Power Path Switching The picoUPS 100 will automatically switch in between V In and Batt depending on who has a higher voltage The switching hysteresis is as low as 10mv As a result when AC DC power is lost the picoUPS will automatically switch to Battery output The switching speed is about 100nS picoUPS 100 Quick Installation Guide Page 2 Mini Box com ATX DC DC Converter Series Battery charging bulk charging mode The picoUPS 100 has a built in two stage SLA battery charger First stage is bulk charging stage where the baitery is being charged at a constant current of 500mA Depending on battery size and level of discharge bulk charing stage can be anywhere from few minutes to few hours For example a typical 7AH 12V SLA battery will fully change in 6 12 hours During this time the Orange LED will be ON Battery charging float charging mode When the battery is near full capacity charge current will slowly decrease At this point picoUPS will switch charging mode from bulk to float charge Float charging ensures that the battery is kept at a precise 13 5V Typical configuration A typical configuration for a low medium power computer setup is comprised from a 12V 7Ah battery a 1
31. harge Rate Low internal resistance allows discharge currents of up to ten times the rated capacity of the battery Relatively small batteries may thus be specified in applications requiring high peak currents Wide Operating Temperature Range Power Sonic batteries may be discharged over a temperature range of 40 C to 60 C 40 F to 140 F and charged at temperatures ranging from 20 C to 50 C 4 F to 122 F Rugged Construction The high impact resistant battery case is made of non conductive ABS plastic The case materials impart great resistance to shock vibration chemicals and heat Flame Retardant FR battery cases and lids are available where the end application dictates Long Service Life PS PSH and PSG Series Have a design life of up to five years in standby applications In cyclical applications up to 1 000 charge discharge cycles can be expected depending on average depth of discharge PG Series Have a design life of up to 10 years in float applications Please consult this Technical Manual and product specifications to become aware of the many factors that effect product life The information contained within is provided as a service to our customers and is for their information only The information and recommendations set forth herein are made in good faith and are believed to be accurate at the date compiled Power Sonic Corporation makes no warranty expressed or implied POWER SONIC Rechargeabl
32. he lead sulfate to remain on the electrodes which will eventually reduce capacity Batteries which are stored in a discharged state or left on the shelf for too long may initially appear to be open circuited or will accept far less current than normal This is caused by a phenomenon called sulfation When this occurs leave the charger connected to the battery Usually the battery will start to accept increasing amounts of current until a normal current level is reached If there is no response even to charge voltages above recommended levels the battery may have been in a discharged state for too long to recover Caution Never charge or discharge a battery in a hermetically sealed enclosure Batteries generate a mixture of gases internally Given the right set of circumstances such as extreme overcharging or shorting of the battery these gases might vent into the enclosure and create the potential for an explosion when ignited by a spark If in any doubt or if concepts of proper use and care are unclear please ensure that you contact Power Sonic s technical department Charging for Cycle Operation Cyclic applications generally require that recharging be done in a relatively short time The initial charge current however must not exceed 0 30 x C amps Just as battery voltage drops during discharge it slowly rises during charge Full charge is determined by voltage and inflowing current When at a charge voltage of 2 45
33. ht set of circumstances such as extreme overcharging or shorting of the battery these gases might vent into the enclosure and create the potential for an explosion when ignited by a spark Generally ventilation inherent in most enclosures is sufficient to avoid problems When charging batteries in series positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of another the interconnecting cables must all be of equal length and resistance to insure equalization of the load All batteries in the string will receive the same amount of charge current though individual battery voltages may vary When charging batteries in parallel positive terminals are connected to the positive terminal and negative terminals to the negative all batteries in the string will receive the same charge voltage but the charge current each battery receives will vary until equalization is reached High voltage strings of batteries in series should be limited to twenty 6 volt or ten 12 volt batteries when a single constant voltage charger is connected across the entire string Differences in capacity can cause some batteries to overcharge while others remain undercharged thus causing premature aging of batteries It is therefore not advisable to mix batteries of different capacities make or age in a series string To minimize the effects of cell or battery differences charge the string in 24 volt battery groups through a constant current source with ze
34. ial charge current of 0 30 x C amperes Two Step Constant Voltage Charging This method uses two constant voltage devices In the initial charge phase the high voltage setting is used When charging is nearly complete and the charge voltage has risen to a specified value with the charge current decreased the charger switches the voltage to the lower setting This method allows rapid charging in cycle or float service without the possibility of overcharging even after extended charging periods Temperature compensated F 2 275 Vicell for float applications Select Rs to give correct float voltage at desired min current 0 6 R3 Imax Select Risw to turn on Q2 at desired current Isw Risw 0 6 2 45 V cell for cyclic applications Figure 19 Dual stage current limited battery charger Charge Current Battery Voltage Charger Current Battery Voltage Charge Time Figure 20 Two step constant voltage charging characteristics Charging in Series Lead acid batteries are strings of 2 volt cells connected in series commonly 2 3 4 or 6 cells per battery Strings of Power Sonic batteries up to 48 volts and higher may be charged in series safely and efficiently However as the number of batteries in series increases so does the possibility of slight differences in capacity These differences can result from age storage history temperature variations or abuse Fully charged batteries should nev
35. ice life or life expectancy under continuous charge depends on the frequency and depth of discharge the charge voltage and the ambient temperature At a float voltage of 2 25V to 2 30V cell and an ambient temperature of 20 C to 25 C 60 F to 77 F Power Sonic batteries should last four to five years before the capacity drops to 60 of its original rating 100 Ambient Temperature 20 C 68 F 80 60 Float Charging Voltage 2 25 2 30 V Cell Retention Capacity 20 Years Figure 10 Indicates how capacity changes over time The graph in Figure 11 shows life characteristics in float standby service for ambient temperatures ranging from 15 C to 55 C 60 F to 130 F If prevailing ambient temperatures are well above 20 C to 25 C 68 F to 77 F the life expectancy of this type of battery in float service depends greatly on temperature compensated charging The typical temperature coefficient is 2mV cell 20 C and under 20 10 8 T am 6 5 0 4 3 Mm mal 2 0 O 5 1 Y B Y 6 5 4 3 2 Temperature C Figure 11 Service life at various ambient temperatures POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 11 Performance Data Over Discharge To optimize battery life it is recommended that the battery be disconnected from the load either electronically or manually when the end voltage a function of the discharge rate
36. ner diode regulation across individual batteries or battery groups Recharge time depends on the depth of the preceding discharge and the output current of the charger To determine the approximate recharge time of a fully discharged battery divide the battery s capacity amp hrs by the rated output of the charger current amps and multiply the resulting number of hours by a factor of 1 75 to compensate for the declining output current during charge If the amount of amp hrs discharged from the battery is known use it instead of the battery s capacity to make the calculation OMEN jl POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 21 1 GR ee fl SONIC POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 23 Active Material The active electro chemical materials used in the manufacture of positive and negative electrodes Ambient Temperature The prevailing surface temperature to which a battery is exposed Ampere Unit of measurement for electric current Ampere Hour The product of current amperes multiplied by time hours Used to indicate the capacity of a battery Also Amp Hr or A H Battery Two or more cells connected together most typically in series C Used to signify a charge or discharge rate equal to the capacity of a battery divided by one hour Thus C for a 1600 mAh battery would be 1 6 A C 5 for the same battery would be 320 mA and 0 10 would be 160 ma Capacity The electrical energy available f
37. ng it for a month or two the highest level of capacity development is achieved Power Sonic batteries are fully charged before leaving the factory but full capacity is realized only after the battery has been cycled a few times or been on float charge for some time When a battery discharges at a constant rate its capacity changes according to the amperage load Capacity increases when the discharge current is less than the 20 hour rate and decreases when the current is higher POWER CONIC cl mm Mo ONIE 7 Yuswe4mbaJ ou 199W IM U9IUA laneq y s1u s 1id 1 Julod ey SAoge Alsle pawwi ul Sy udeu8 y uo San ea S U JO UONIISIHJUI 9y a1e90 SOINUIW 19edes y SI san en asauyl OZ 10 sdwe e SuipinoJd leneq e Jo noedes JadoJd SU uluuj1919p 0 JO JONpoOJd ou S e9S e91119A y uo SI posdejo au ay pue ajeos 9ydwexa 104 umouy ale UNIO pue aun p nb ou J ude18 siy 2JUOZIJOU au uo SI a3esJaduwy sgue inoy a1adwe uaJaJIp YUM LUOJJ apeu aq ues uonesildde I11199dS e 104 uonoajas laneq JadOld sjapow 191eq IJIUOS I9IMOA JOfew 104 saul Aoede SMOUS 91n31 4 saulapeg JIUOS I9MOd 405 Saul ANICALO SANZIS sduy au 9S1ey9SIQ 0001 00S 00 002 00 08 09 0S OF OF 02 0 8 9S p t yg fFF A 0 20 SO co O LO AS B Elert sis O o O oO u O w 2 2 EXE z 4 89 9407 dus jusiquiy Z Auayeq jo joedeo I IEOS 200Z 129 09 200 IDOL L 9080 I O A
38. ng to deliver top grade products on time and at a competitive price Corporate Headquarters and Domestic Sales Power Sonic Corporation 7550 Panasonic Way San Diego CA 92154 e USA Phone 619 661 2020 Fax 619 661 3650 Support technical supportdpower sonic com Sales national sales power sonic com Customer Service customer service power sonic com International Sales Power Sonic Corporation P O Box 5242 Redwood City CA 94063 USA Phone 650 364 5001 Fax 650 366 3662 Sales international salesOpower sonic com European Sales Power Sonic Europe Ltd 3 Buckingham Square Hurricane Way Wickford Essex SS11 8YQ England Phone 1268 560686 Fax 1268 560902 Sales sales power sonic co uk Website www power sonic co uk WWW power sonic com Copyright 2009 Power Sonic Corporation All rights reserved REVO109
39. ough the external circuit when the cell discharges See Negative Terminal Rated Capacity The capacity of the cell expressed in amperes Commonly a constant current for a designated number of hours to a specified depth of discharge at room temperature Recombination The state in which the gasses normally formed within the battery cell during its operation are recombined to form water Series Connection The connection of a group of cells or batteries by linking terminals of opposite polarity This increases the voltage of the battery group Self Discharge The loss of capacity of a battery while in stored or unused condition without external drain Separator Material isolating positive from negative plates In sealed lead acid batteries it normally is absorbent glass fiber to hold the electrolyte in suspension SLA Battery Sealed lead acid battery generally having the following characteristics Maintenance free leak proof position insensitive Batteries of this type have a safety vent to release gas in case of excessive internal pressure build up Hence also the term Valve regulated battery Gel Cells are SLA batteries whose dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte is immobilized by way of additives which turn the electrolyte into a gel Service Life The expected life of a battery expressed in the number of total cycles or years of standby service to a designated remaining percentage of original capacity Shelf Life
40. perature T psu is 85C Relative Humidity 10 to 90 percent non condensing Efficiency MTBF 95 MTBF 100K hours at T psu 55Celsius Shipping and storage Temperature 40 to 40 degree centigrade Relative humidity 5 to 90 percent non condensing Warranty 1 Year Limited Warranty statement Warranty is void if maintenance or calibration is performed by end user or by use in conjunction with power modules not provided by mini box com Support Web Site http www mini box com site support html picoUPS 100 Quick Installation Guide Page 4 uz a Sealed Lead Acid Batteries Technical Manual POWER Wy 7424 WM MM m 7 u OMNI Table of Contents Features of Power Sonic Sealed Lead Acid Batteries 1 Battery Gonsiruclion ea 2 Theory ol Operatior aaa ea dunas Conan Eos EE aaa RE 3 amp 4 Battery Capacily seen 5 amp 6 eraa LE h a E T Performance Data a 8 DISC VA ee 8 ODE CICLO a Se nmi p tere erence pesa yas pis 8 Temperature ee 9 Shen Eie old oO Kae wanna eerste E a o Rs E E RD CD A 10 Banner aje mm mm 10 11 Over Dochar e waco marcneaarn a n 12 Charme ss Re 12 Chareing Techniques Summaya se am s s OIC 13 Chareine Gli r ac eri ieS snn a serenata rotor he nana Le are E nte 13 Chorginsa Vle n as mvs ream caneco tao EE Y Ay ap ea RM E A RN 13 Constant vota e Cian Cline Messer een lea 14 Constant Cunen t eNnarzine a a E E ee s 15 taper Cunen Mare me n n ee ee ne RIR ocios 15
41. peratures If a battery has been discharged for some time or the load was left on indefinitely it may not readily take a charge To overcome this leave the charger connected and the battery should eventually begin to accept charge Continuous over or undercharging is the single worst enemy of a lead acid battery Caution should be exercised to ensure that the charger is disconnected after cycle charging or that the float voltage is set correctly Although Power Sonic batteries have a low self discharge rate which permits storage of a fully charged battery for up to a year it is important that a battery be charged within 6 months after receipt to account for storage from the date of manufacture to the date of purchase Otherwise permanent loss of capacity might occur as a result of sulfation To prolong shelf life without charging store batteries at 10 C 50 F or less Although it is possible to charge Power Sonic batteries rapidly i e in 6 7 hrs it is not normally recommended Unlimited current charging can cause increased off gassing and premature drying It can also produce internal heating and hot spots resulting in shortened service life Too high a charge current will cause a battery to get progressively hotter This can lead to thermal runaway and can destroy a battery in as little as a few hours Caution Never charge or discharge a battery in an airtight enclosure Batteries generate a mixture of gases internally Given the rig
42. rom a cell or battery expressed in ampere hours e Available capacity ampere hours that can be discharged from a battery based on its state of charge rate of discharge ambient temperature and specified cut off voltage e Rated capacity C the discharge capacity the manufacturer states may be obtained at a given discharge rate and temperature e Capacity fade the loss of capacity due to inadequate recharging Cell The basic building block of a battery The nominal voltage of a lead acid cell is 2 volts e Cell reversal the act of driving a cell into reverse polarity by excessive discharge Primary cell cell or battery that can be discharged only once e Secondary cell the process is reversible so that charging and discharging may be repeated over and over Charge The conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy the process which restores electrical energy to a cell or battery e Charge retention a battery s ability to hold a charge It diminishes during storage e Charge acceptance quantifies the amount of electric charge that accumulates in a battery e Float charge maintains the capacity of a cell or battery by applying a constant voltage Charge Continued Trickle charge maintains the capacity of a cell or battery by applying a small constant current e Charge equalization brings all of the cells in a battery or string to the same state of charge Closed Circuit Voltage Test A t
43. ry voltage drops to 1 5V cell At this point only 50 of rated capacity has been discharged 1 Camps x 0 5 hrs 0 5C Amp Hrs Continuing the discharge to zero volts will bring the total amount of discharged ampere hours to approximately 75 because the rapidly declining voltage quickly reduces current flow to a trickle The battery will recover easily from this type of deep discharge e Battery B Discharged at the 0 01 C rate to zero volts O OIC for a 4 AH battery is 40mA Full discharge is reached after 100 hours when the terminal voltage drops to 1 75 V cell At this point the battery has already delivered 100 of its rated capacity 0 01 x 100 hrs 1C Amp Hrs Continuing the discharge to zero volts will keep the battery under load for a further period of time squeezing out every bit of stored energy This type of deep discharge is severe and is likely to damage the battery The sooner a severely discharged battery is recharged the better its chances to fully recover Discharge Current Final Discharge Voltage Per Cell 0 1C or below or intermittent discharge TIS 0 17C or current close to it 1 75 0 6C or current close to it 1 70 From 1C to 2C or current close to it 1 50 3C or current close to it and above 137 Table 1 Final discharge voltage per cell Capacity The capacity of a battery is the total amount of electrical energy available from a fully charged cell or cells Its value depends on
44. s important that you familiarize yourself with these prior to handling installing and disposing of all batteries If there are any questions raised from these please contact Power Sonic s technical department Handling e Always wear insulated gloves when handling batteries especially when connecting series and parallel groups of batteries e Follow all precautions as described in our Materials Safety Data Sheets MSDS This information is subject to change depending upon government legislation Visit our website www power sonic com for up to date copies of these e If equipment is to be stored for a long period of time the batteries should be disconnected to avoid undue drain on the batteries and any potential for damage to the equipment Installation e Fasten batteries tightly and make provisions for shock absorption if exposure to shock or vibration is likely When installing the battery within a piece of equipment fix it securely at the lowest practicable point The battery should not be attached to any piece of equipment during burn in testing Do not apply undue force to the terminals or bend them Avoid applying heat to the terminals through processes such as soldering If soldering to the battery terminals is unavoidable it must be accomplished within 3 seconds using a soldering iron no greater than 100 watis e Do not place batteries in close proximity to objects which can produce sparks or flames and do not charg
45. settings that are beyond the adjustable range capabilities determined by the existing SLA LVP on board component values Refer to the ICL 7665 data sheet formula fig 5 on page 8 for calculating custom hysteresis values Cross reference data sheet designations to module designations as follows For LVP values R21 data sheet Vset R2 on module R31 R1 on module R11 data sheet R3 150K on module For E W values R22 data sheet E W R5 on module R32 data sheet R4 on module R12 data sheet R6 on module Pairing picoUPS 100 with SLA LVP The SLA LVP module has eight mounting holes The four inner holes align with the the picoUPS 100 for stand off mounting the two as semblies together into one compact device as shown on page 1 The interconnect wiring is shown below together with connection details to an external power supply 12V SLA battery and the load Vout to load Vin 16VDC max To external 16VDC power supply e SLA LVP The SLA LVP module may be used without the picoUPS 100 module as shown below In this case the SLA battery and the SLA LVP module need an isolation circuit such as a switch or relay when the external charger power supply is connected to charge the battery to 12V SLA battery SLA LVP Mounting Hole Dimensions 0 16 in E 3 11 in 0 16 in m 5 SLA LVP LO q 1 97 in 0 16 in 2 41 in 2 94 in Application Example Rechargeable SLA Battery Power Pack UPS This power pack us
46. t hours per cubic inch or pound Gas Recombination The process by which oxygen gas generated from the positive plate during the final stage of charge is absorbed into the negative plate preventing loss of water High Rate Discharge A very rapid discharge of the battery Normally in multiples of C the rating of the battery expressed in amperes Impedance The resistive value of a battery to an AC current expressed in ohms 0 Generally measured at 1000 Hz at full charge Internal Resistance The resistance inside a battery which creates a voltage drop in proportion to the current draw Negative Terminal The terminal of a battery from which electrons flow in the external circuit when a battery discharges See Positive Terminal Nominal Voltage Nominal Capacity The nominal value of rated voltage the nominal value of rated capacity The nominal voltage of a lead acid battery is 2 volts per cell Open Circuit Voltage The voltage of a battery or cell when measured in a no load condition Overcharge The continuous charging of a cell after it achieves 100 of capacity Battery life is reduced by prolonged overcharging Parallel Connection Connecting a group of batteries or cells by linking all terminals of the same polarity This increases the capacity of the battery group Polarity The charges residing at the terminals of the battery Positive Terminal The terminal of a battery toward which electrons flow thr
47. te Active material of negative plate Active material of negative plate of positive plate Charging of positive plate Discharge During the discharge portion of the reaction lead dioxide PbO is converted into lead sulfate PbSO at the positive plate At the negative plate sponge lead Pb is converted to lead sulfate PbSO This causes the sulfuric acid 2H SO in the electrolyte to be consumed Reacts with Reacts with sulfate sulfuric acid to ions to form lead form lead sulfate sulfate Pb supplies Must supply two positive charges electrons and is and lead electrode left positive is left negative H SO H O Figure 1 Chemical reaction when a battery is being discharged Charge During the recharge phase of the reaction the cycle is reversed The lead sulfate PbSO and water are electrochemically converted to lead Pb lead dioxide PbO and sulfuric acid 2H2SO by an external electrical charging source With energy from the charging battery the lead sulfate is broken down and with oxygen from ionized water lead oxide is deposited on the positive electrode and lead is deposited on the negative electrode H2S0 H O Figure 2 Chemical reaction when a battery is being charged POWER SONIC Rechargeable Batteries 3 Theory of Operation Oxygen Recombination To produce a truly maintenance free battery it is necessary that gases generated during overcharge are recombined in a so called
48. te is pure L E Z lead and that of the positive ve 1 lead dioxide Both of these are 323 TA in a porous or spongy form to A a a a and ge 2 Case Sealing thereby maximize capacity The E23 1 or z u MOSEI Me Case heavy duty lead calcium alloy Soa NE is aa one pes OT grids provide an extra margin of AL EA abe performance and life in both AA I RS cyclic and float applications and gt give unparalleled recovery from deep discharge Conta ontainer Case and lid material is ABS high impact resin with high resistance to chemicals and flammability Case and cover are Electrolyte made of non conductive ABS Immobilized dilute sulfuric plastic to UL94 HB or UL94 V O acid H2S0 This case has molded in dividers for each 2 volt cell Leakproof Design amp Operational Safety The leak proof construction of Power Sonic batteries has U L s component recognition ensured that our batteries have been approved for program for emergency lighting and shipment by air both by D O T and 1 A T A Copies of power batteries lists Power Sonic these approvals are available on our website under file number MH20845 WWW power sonic com Theory of Operation The basic electrochemical reaction equation in a lead acid battery can be written as Pb 2H SO PbO discharging PbSO 2H 0 PbSO Porous Lead Sulfuric Acid Porous Lead Sulfate Water Lead Sulfate Active material Electrolyte Lead Dioxide Active material Electroly
49. tion The rate of self discharge varies with the ambient temperature At room temperature 20 C 68 F it is about 3 per month At low temperatures it is nearly negligible at higher ambient temperatures self discharge increases To obtain maximum battery life and performance batteries should be recharged as soon as possible after each use and not stored in a discharged state If possible batteries should be stored at 20 C 68 F or lower and recharged every six months when not in use Charging is not necessary UNIESS 100 of capacity is Cowie capacity Do not let battery reach this Stale Capacity Retention Ratio 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Storage Period Months Figure 8 Self Discharge Characteristics Battery Life Cyclic Use The number of charge discharge cycles depends on the capacity taken from the battery a function of discharge rate and depth of discharge operating temperature and the charging method 120 100 80 60 Discharge Discharge E Discharge Depth 100 Depth 50 Depth 30 40 Retention Capacity 1 Discharge Current 0 2C Final Voltage 1 7V Cell 20 2 Charge Current 0 1C 3 Ambient Temperature 20 C to 25 C 68 F to 77 F 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Number of Cycles Figure 9 Relationship between depth of discharge and number of cycles as well as increases of capacity during the early cycles Performance Data Battery Life continued Standby Use The float serv
50. wly increase the voltage on the variable power supply Do not exceed 15V And monitor the multimeter voltage 8 When the mutimeter reads the power supply voltage Vout has turned ON and the upper hysteresis turn on voltage can be noted Always after LVP cutoff has occurred at least this upper voltage must be applied to restore the Vout to the load After the LVP set has been custom configured as described above the E W trigger voltage can be then be custom configured as fol lows 1 Set variable power supply to 15V and connect power to power supply input screw terminal 2 Connect a multimeter Voltage scale to the Vout terminals Multimeter should measure 15V 3 Adjust the variable power supply down to the desired E W cut off voltage This voltage setting will be a slightly higher voltage than the LVP cut off voltage setting 4 Adjust the E W Set potentiometer to the point at which the beeper LED triggers 5 When the beeper LED triggers stop adjusting the potentiometer The E W voltage is now set Once the LVP and E W has been custom configured connect the load and test the performance by simulating the SLA battery dis charge by slowly reducing the power supply voltage IMPORTANT Never exceed the maximum input voltage of 16V Doing so will de stroy the SLA LVP module Advanced Custom LVP and E W Configuration This sidebar is for Advanced Custom Configuration Only for special applications that require LVP and E W
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