Sample pages from Unit 1 of iMedia Student Book
Contents
1. Wiest aa ae v x Brushes Tool Presets _ e p i A rage 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 gt Styles gt i 0006 i Color Swatches oe ie Ue Em EEE HET E n E i al se H O O History gt PE oe eee a Oo a ae Stock_000000096481Medium jpg p Sl Open O O j EE A I i Character Paragraph Layers Gaths gt gt i gt J J a L d Norma Opacity k L I t F i LOCK lf ZF a Fill be l IL A E y A LEEA AL e B Background QA A ra d O This uni Naviaator efo Muvistogram applicat is used ef nal produ iets YOU will deve des ir elements oi lea Th LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this unit you will be able to e use a digital camera to obtain images and transfer these electronically e use the basic editing tools and features of a digital image manipulation program e edit a digital graphic for a particular purpose a 4 RESOURCE TOOLKIT Hardware Other Photography magazines Computer Planning and Review Form Access to the Internet to _ a Digital camera Digital camera images research different types Evidence Checklist of digital cameras and Software photographic techniques Adobe Photoshop Optional ee ti Word proc2. Produce a simple guide about the basic rules of photography that could be included in a booklet about photography In your guide include some information about the parts of a digital camera that new members should consider for example shutter speeds and using flash You may present your guide as a bulleted list or short paragraphs with subheadings Saving digital images Once you have taken your digital images you must download them from the digital camera into a folder on your computer To connect your digital camera to your computer and download the images you should refer to your digital camera user manual WindowsXP usually detects any new hardware so you may be able to take advantage of its plug and play capability Copy the folder containing the original downloaded images before renaming any photos so that you have backup copies of Once you have downloaded your images to your computer you should your originals save the required images into a folder then rename each image using an appropriate filename to reflect the image content Digital camera images will usually be a jpg file format if so you will not need to change the file format at this stage FILE MANAGEMENT gt gt HOW TO Create a folder in your user area e File menu gt New gt Folder gt delete the text New Folder and enter an appropriate folder name gt press Enter Copy a folder e Click on the folder to select
3. contain only a few colours Which image file format is best for producing a company logo that will need to resized and reproduced easily _ Which image file format will display jagged edges when enlarged Give three examples of bitmap file types List two examples of vector graphic file types Basic rules of photography There are no defined or agreed rules of photography You should become familiar with how to use your digital camera and practice taking as many photographs as you can Some basic guidelines are explained in this book these are by no means comprehensive or definitive To see how the rules of photography have been applied visit the website for the National Museum of Photography www nationalmediamuseum org uk photography Figure 1 2 he same vector graphic in different views a at 100 b zoomed in to 400 Refer to Different file formats and file extensions on page XX and Saving images in different file formats on page XX iMedia Modern cameras can focus for you work out exposure and select a suitable shutter speed or aperture as well as many other functions however they cannot compose the picture for you You should try your hand at different types of photography Pictorial e g landscape and nature photography Portrait e g people and animals Photojournalism e g press photography compelling storytelling Abstract e g extreme close ups of detail of someth
4. photographs At the last photography club meeting all the members were split into groups Each group will be required to present their photographs at the clubs quarterly meetings The next meeting will take place in three months time The group that submits the best retouched photograph will win a free digital camera Each stage of the editing and retouching will need to be shown with a brief explanation of the editing technique used Each group member has been assigned the task of taking photographs which they will need to repair and retouch individually The group will then agree which member s photograph will be presented at the club meeting Each member must present their editing photo to their group in two months time Every member must take at least six photographs e Three well composed digital photographs one of a landscape one of a building and one of an individual These three photographs must be composed or framed creatively following the basic rules of photography Three photographs which will require retouching and repairing These photos can be of any appropriate but not offensive subject e g streets buildings places of interest At least one photo must be in portrait orientation and at least one in landscape orientation UNIT 7 ODigital Graphics PRACTICAL TASK 1 1 Refer to assignment brief produce guide Assessment objective la Refer to the Cove Photography Club Booklet assignment brief
5. to a CD R or CD RW Using a computer that has a CDR drive insert a blank writable CD into the CD drive open the My Computer window gt select the folders you want to copy to the CD to select more than one folder hold down the Ctrl key In the My Computer window below File and Folder Tasks gt select Copy this folder in the Copy Items dialogue box select the CD drive select Copy In the My Computer window double click the CD drive below Files Ready to be Written to the CD select the folder s you want to write to CD gt below CD Writing Tasks select Write these files to CD Windows displays the CD Writing Wizard Follow the instructions in the wizard Rename a file or folder e Click on the file or folder to select it gt File menu gt Rename delete the existing name and enter the new name press Enter Back up a folder onto a memory stick e Insert the memory stick into a USB port gt right click on the folder name Send To gt Removable Disk
6. ace and breadth Rule of thirds The rule of thirds is probably the most recognised rule and has been used for centuries by artists and photographers Many famous photographs and paintings have the rule of thirds applied to them Imaginary lines are drawn dividing the frame into three vertical and three horizontal sections making a total of nine rectangles refer to Figure 1 3 Figure 1 3 The rule of thirds Where these lines intersect is an ideal spot to place important elements of your composition e g an individual or a point of interest The subject is given UNIT 7 Digital Graphics more emphasis than if it is in the middle of the photo The intersection points are also useful if there is more than one main subject in a photo Features and objects can also be placed along the imaginary lines Component parts of a digital camera You should become familiar with your digital camera and how to make the most of its features to take effective photographs Below are some brief explanations of the parts of digital cameras You should read your digital camera manual Please note that cameras like computers are constantly being updated Shutter and aperture A digital camera shutter is a device which opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure The shutter opening time affects the image exposure and how motion is portrayed in it Most digital cameras have an automatic setting to determine the appropriat
7. e shutter speed some will have the option to set shutter speed manually for greater artistic control Shutter speed is calculated in relation to aperture The aperture is the size of the lens opening which regulates how much light passes through the lens to strike the image sensor Aperture is measured in f stops a higher number represents a smaller amount of light The shutter and aperture settings are used together to determine the amount of light that strikes the image sensor Flash Most digital cameras have an automatic flash setting which can be set to trigger automatically in poor light conditions and some have additional settings that allow greater control over the flash Automatic flash settings should be used carefully as problems can occur with digital flash photography The most common problem is red eye where the subject s pupils appear red in the resulting photo These problems can be overcome by selecting the correct flash mode for example e Automatic mode triggers the flash automatically if there is too little light for a good exposure MENU INFO e Red eye reduction fires a short burst prior to exposing a photo i i causing a subject s pupils to contract This reduces the reflection eee e Custom WB in the eyes before the photograph is taken Colour temp 5200K e Forced or Fill in flash keeps the flash on in situations when Canon additional illumination is needed e g when the main source of light or a
8. ed from the Internet you must either obtain permission or reference your sources evidence of planning your project this could be included in or be in addition to the Planning and Review Form UNIT 1 Digital Graphics Evidence file formats Images can be provided in any appropriate image file format Screen prints your diary the Planning and Review Form and the Evidence Checklist can be in Microsoft Word format SOFTWARE This chapter is written specifically for Adobe Photoshop CS but it may also be used with other versions of Photoshop or Photoshop Elements However please note that some screenshots methods and features may not be available and or will not match other versions exactly ABOUT THIS CHAPTER This chapter for Unit 1 is divided into three sections You must work through the sections in sequence e In Section 1 you will learn about different types of digital graphics how they may be used some basic rules of photography and the basic parts of a digital camera You will learn how to save your digital images and create and rename files and folders You will learn about different file formats and file extensions You will learn about the types of software applications that are available for manipulating images and their capabilities e In Section 2 you will become familiar with the Photoshop interface and toolbox tools use the selection tools and work with layers You will learn about image and canvas size re
9. essing application Books on photographic E 2 OLOUN m e g Microsoft Word techniques people landscapes buildings Scanner ABOUT THIS UNIT For this unit you will need access to a digital camera You will need to be familiar with the camera parts and the basic rules of photography You will need to plan and record what images you will obtain based on the needs of your client as detailed in an assignment brief You will look at ways of identifying your client s requirements and use planning methods appropriate for your brief You will obtain appropriate digital images transfer these to your computer organise and rename the images and select which images you will edit You will then use the editing tools and features of a digital image manipulation application to edit retouch and repair your digital photographs You will need to save images in different file formats Finally you will review the quality of your edited images against the original assignment brief and assess if the edited images meet your client s requirements The Student Review activities and Practical Tasks in this chapter will allow you to develop your understanding of the requirements for an OCR assessment and practise the skills required for the unit 1 syllabus The images you take and edit in this chapter cannot be submitted for assessment purposes ASSESSMENT FOR UNIT 1 Your assessment work should be submitted to OCR via e portfoli
10. ills and understanding criteria correspont objectives 1a 1b and 2a will also be covered e Types of digital graphic e Where when and how digital graphics are used e Gomponent parts of a digital camera e Different types of file formats and common file extensions e Different types of software manipulation application e Properties and capabilities of image manipulation software applic on Types of digital graphic There are two main categories of computer graphics bitmap and vector Raster images are the technical name for bitmap images You will need to understand the difference between the two categories Bitmap image A bitmap is a map of dots or bits hence the name A bitmap image is made of pixels dots that are arranged and coloured differently to form an image or pattern such as a photograph Each pixel has its own colour value A bitmap might contain millions of colours Bitmap images are dependent on resolution When you zoom in you can see the individual pixels that make up the total image When you zoom into a bitmap effect the individual pixels that make up the image can be seen more clearly refer to Figure 1 1 When you edit a bitmap image you are manipulating the pixels in the image Common bitmap file types include bmp the raw bitmap format jpeg gif pict png pcx tiff and psd Figure 1 1 The same bitmap image in different views a at 100 b zoomed in to 500 c zoomed in to 1500 4 UNIT 1 Digita
11. ing Composition Photography captures a moment in time so an important point to consider when taking photographs is composition Below are some basic principles of composition e Look at the forms in your image A good photo is a good arrangement of form In a portrait the form could be the features in a woman s face whereas in a landscape the forms are the landscape trees rocks hills etc e Colour you need to consider what colours go together Colours can harmonise contrast dramatically or clash violently e Contrast your photos should have a good balance between different colours Even black and white photos should have a good contrast of black white and grey e Motion avoid having movement in or outside your image It will direct the eye away from the main focus in the image e Leading lines use these to draw the viewer s eye to the intended subject A leading line can be almost anything e g a road building tree river or shadow You will not find strong leading lines around every subject but if present take advantage of them Lines in a picture should lead into the picture and should lead your eye toward the main subject e Orientation landscape portrait before you take a picture think about whether it would better taken with the camera held horizontally landscape or vertically portrait For example a vertical shot of a tall building emphasises its height A horizontal shot of a landscape can give a feeling of sp
12. it gt Edit menu gt Copy gt Edit menu gt Paste or e Right click gt a menu is displayed gt select New gt Folder gt enter a suitable folder name gt press Enter gt gt HOW TC Create a subfolder Double click to open an existing folder gt repeat the steps for How to create a folder above iMedia gt gt HOWTO Produce a screen print Open the folder containing the files you wish to screen print From the Standard buttons toolbar click the drop down arrow to the right of Views and select an option refer to Figure 1 4 e To display miniatures of your original images select Thumbnails To display the file Size and Type select Details The Details option will also show the Date Picture Taken for any digital images To capture only the active window press the Alt _ PrtSc Print Screen keys or to capture the entire N screen press the Print Screen key only Filmstrip Thumbnails Right click Paste or Edit menu Paste Tiles Icons List Details Open a new Word document Remember to enter your name in the screen print document To print the screen print document click the Figure 1 4 Print icon Selecting a view Backing up files To avoid accidentally deleting overwriting or corrupting your files once you have organised them you should create a back up copy on another network area or removable medium gt gt HOW TO Back up work on
13. l Graphics Vector graphics Vector graphics are made up of lines and curves defined by mathematical formulae and measurements called vectors Vector graphics are often used for simple graphics that need to be easily reproduced and resized Examples include company logos illustrations text and clip art Vector graphics are not dependent on resolution and retain their crispness when altered They can therefore be increased or decreased in size moved or have their colour changed without losing any quality or detail refer to Figure 1 2 A vector graphic might contain only a few colours Vector graphics can be easier to work with because they lack the complexity of a bitmap image Common vector formats include ai Adobe Illustrator wmf Windows Metafile cdr CorelDRAW cmx Corel Presentation Exchange cgm Computer Graphi Metafile and dxf AutoCAD Where when and how digital graphics are used Digital graphics can be used for many different purposes Images can be published in books magazines on the World Wide Web or inserted on web pages If you are intending to publish images on the Internet you will need to save the image in a file format that can be read by most browsers e g gif jpg Student review 1 1 identify types of digital graphics Assessment objective 1a _ What is another name for a raster image Which image file format is made up of dots called pixels Which type of digital graphic bitmap or vector may
14. o You should therefore save all original and edited images and all screen prints in electronic format Any hard copy evidence should be scanned and saved electronically For the assessment you must ensure that you show evidence of progression from one task to the next For example the images that you edit must be selected from the ones you originally took Evidence You will need to provide Planning and Review Form Evidence Ghecklist a diary e g digital diary or log of your activities for this project evidence e g a list or notes that you understand the basic rules of photography screen print s to show evidence of downloading original images from a camera and renaming these images evidence of original images a minimum of six images and of selecting some of these images for your project evidence of edited images with a brief description of editing techniques used on each image screen print s to show edited images saved in appropriate file formats You may use your original and or edited images for other units Digital image files have not been provided with this book because you will need to source and manipulate your own images in an OGR assessment Copyright You must ensure you comply with copyright law when working with images Note that images from the Internet are not necessarily in the public domain and may be subject to copyright If you are using any images download
15. particularly bright light is behind a subject or shadows prevent details from showing iMedia Liquid crystal display screen The liquid crystal display LCD screen is the screen on the back of a digital camera that the photographer may use to compose images The LCD is also used to preview images immediately after they are taken and to review captured images stored in the cameras memory card It can be also be used to view camera settings and menus Because the LCD consumes a lot of battery power in order to save power it can be set to shut off or standby automatically after a set time period Memory card A digital camera memory card is a small electronic device that stores image files In some models images are stored in the cameras own internal memory Memory cards vary in storage size from 16 MB megabytes to 4 GB gigabytes The larger the memory card storage capacity the more images of a given size quality it can hold Once you have taken photographs you can delete them from the memory card before or after transferring them to your computer thus freeing up space on your memory card Cy Assignment brief Cove Photography Club Booklet You have recently become a member of a photography club The club organiser is in the process of producing a booklet for new members In it he would like to include some guidelines for new photographers showing the parts of a digital camera and giving some tips for taking
16. solution and how to correct mistakes You will learn how to open edit retouch and repair graphics using the functions in Photoshop e In Section 3 you will learn how to save images in different file formats Assessment objectives 3a plan the image editing to a specific brief and 3b review the edited image against the original brief and the corresponding knowledge skills and understanding criteria are covered in the Common Skills chapter Refer also to Planning your work Evidence and The Evidence Checklist on pages XX XX and XX in the Common Skills chapter Note There are many ways of performing the skills covered in this book The guidelines in this book explain one way only The HOW TO guidelines provided have proven to be easily understood by learners AOs la 1b 2a bs Refer to Planning your work and Reviewing your work on pages XX and XX iMedia SEC TION 1 e Types of digital graphics using a digital camera ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES The following assessment objectives will be covered in this section 1a Obtain source digital image files 1b Save the digital images 2a Open a bitmap image manipulation software application TIP Taz For an assessment you will need to take a minimum of six digital photographs choose four of these and then manipulate at least one of your chosen four images The following knowledge sk
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