Home

Final Documentation - University of Central Florida

1. ID name color isActive ra eae a i Route Path aaa i i i i 4 x i i AY ZZ A cS Jf ES gt WA 2 J routelD ID isActive step coordX coordY routelD ry Bus Stop ae UA SS Bus Status isActive J Raa sone NS routelD 3 i ID coordY busID Fa coordY lastUpdatedTime coordX accelerometerData 6 5 3 Data Variable Descriptions Figure 44 Database Block Diagram The bus ID number latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates accelerometer data and time are all sent from the data processing server to be stored in the database Additionally data for the routes and bus stops managed by the administrator are stored in the database The user info for all administrators is also stored in the database The web application accesses this data from the database to update the map in real time Table 16 below provides detailed descriptions for each of these variables Table 16 Database Variable Descriptions Variable Name Type Description Route ID int ID number of the route Name varchar Name of the route Color varchar The hexadecimal code for the color of the route isActive boolean Specifies if the route is active or not Route Path routelD int ID number of the route 68 Page
2. Variable Name Type Description maps to ID in route table Step int The step number of the path coordinates coordX varchar Latitude coordinate of the step coordY varchar Longitude coordinate of the step Bus ID int ID number of the bus routelD int ID number of the route maps to ID in route table coordX varchar Most recent latitude coordinate of the bus coordY varchar Most recent longitude coordinate of the bus accelerometerData varchar Most recent accelerometer data sent from the bus lastUpdated varchar Time that the bus data was last updated isActive boolean Specifies if the bus is active or not Bus Stop ID int ID number of the bus stop routelD int ID number of the route maps to ID in route table name varchar Name of the bus stop coordX varchar Latitude coordinate of the bus stop coordY varchar Longitude coordinate of the bus stop isActive boolean Specifies if the bus stop is active or not Administration ID int ID number of the administrator Username varchar Username of the administrator 69 Page Variable Name Type Description Password varchar Password of the administrator firstName varchar First name of the administrator lastName varchar Last name of the administrator Email varchar Email address of the administrator dateAdded varchar Timestamp of the time the administrator was added 6
3. request location return location data I read accelerometer data a calculate if engine is running gt return result ga T gt return packaged data Les I I l l l I I I I I l l l I I I I l i l ee request packaged data I I l l l I I I I I l l l I I I I l l ji Figure 40 Micro controller code UML Diagram Figure 40 the UML Sequence Diagram illustrates the high level sequence of events that must occur for the tracking device to produce the desired output The main section of the code is responsible for acting as a central point for conducting all operations It first requests location data from the GPS module and waits for the response from the GPS 55 Page This action is then repeated for the accelerometer to retrieve the acceleration data Once both requested data pieces are collected the subroutine function is called that packages all the data into a compact format for sending over the RF signal The packaged data is then sent to the RF modem to be transmitted This sequence is repeated indefinitely while the device is turned on so that all data collected from the tracking device is constantly sent to the receiving system Since the project is only interested in updating each shuttle s location on the map every few seconds it is not necessary to concurrently request and process the results from
4. httpd Server open source 2 2 17 linux version PHP runtime The PGP Group PHP web PHP 5 3 3 0 00 php net 1 0 00 components open source scripting linux language version runtime 133 Page System Item Manufacturer Description Part Quote Quote Source Qty Extended Number Price phpMyAdmin phpMyAdmin MySQL phpMyAdm 0 00 phpmyadmin n 1 0 00 devel team management in 3 3 8 1 et open source tool linux version TOTAL 0 00 The following totals in Table 29 describe the estimated system cost applied to specific numbers of shuttle buses that are to be tracked Twenty five buses is the latest estimate received by the team as the number of buses that UCF is looking to track The estimated system cost for n buses is included to tailor the system to a custom number of buses As it can be seen from the table the cost is variable only based on the mobile tracking device The other infrastructure components will be able to accommodate additional buses by design Table 29 Summary of Bill of Materials 1 Bus 25 Buses n Buses Development 188 75 188 75 188 75 Mobile Tracking Device 427 80 10695 00 427 80 n Tracking Data Receiving 755 90 753 00 753 00 Device Data 0 00 0 00 0 00 Acquisition Database Server Web Server 0 00 0 00 0 00 TOTAL 1372 45 11636 75 944 65 n 427 80 It must be noted that to produce more than few of the
5. Can I build a commercial product based on Arduino Arduino FAQ official board and doesn t fund continued work on the project The reference designs for the Arduino boards are available from the hardware page They re licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike license so you are free to use and adapt them for your own needs without asking permission or paying a fee If you re looking to make something of interest to the community we d encourage you to discuss your ideas on the hardware development forum so that potential users can offer suggestions If you re making your own board come up with your own name This will allow people identify you with your products and help you to build a brand Be creative try to suggest what people might use the board for or emphasize the form factor or just pick a random word that sounds cool Arduino is a trademark of Arduino team and should not be used for unofficial variants If you re interested in having your design included in the official Arduino product line please see the So you want to make an Arduino document and contact the Arduino team While unofficial products should not have Arduino in their name it s okay to describe your product in relation to the Arduino project and platform Here are a few guidelines that explain which uses we consider reasonable Not okay Arduino Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Arduino Arduino Compatible Xxxxxx use Xxxxxx Arduino Compatible i
6. Part Number Description Quote Extende d Price Quote Source Qty RF Modem Digi XTO9 SI 9XTend 1W transceiver w RPSMA connector 115000 bps industrial Digi 179 99 179 99 1 129 Page System Item Manufacturer Part Number Description Quote Quote Qty Extende Source d Price 900 MHz 6 half wave 2 1 GB 20 00 articulating RF Mobile A09 HASM RPSMA Antenna Digi 675 connector Digikey 20 00 20 Channel EM 406A SiRF Ill Receiver Sparkfun c 959 95 GPS USGlobalSat EM 406A with Antenna om 59 95 Advanced custom Custom Order Advanced 52 80 PCB Circuits order PCB Board Circuits 52 80 ATMEL ATMEGA2560 16AU IC 8BIT MCU AVR 22 39 ATMEGA2560 16MHZ TQFP Microcontroller Atmel 16AU 100 Newark 22 39 Microcontroller Citizen HC49US CRYSTAL Crystal Finetech 16 000MAB 16 000 MHZ 0 63 Oscillator Miyota UB 18PF HC49 US Digikey 0 63 CAP CERAMIC Microcontroller C0805C220J5 22PF 50V NPO 0 02 Capacitor Kemet GACTU 0805 Digikey 0 01 Microcontroller CO805C104K1 CAP CER 10UF 1 42 Capacitor Kemet RACTU 100V X7R 0805 Digikey 0 35 f RES 10K OHM Microcontroller CRCW080510 1 8W 5 0805 0 77 Resistor Vishay Dale KOJNEA SMD Digikey 0 77 CONN D SUB TE RECPT R A 2 90 RS232 Connectivity 5745781 4 9POS 30GOLD Digikey 2 90 DIODE SWITCHING 75V 500MW 0 52 RS232 Diode Diodes Inc 1N4148 T DO 35 Digikey
7. TTSR DTO2 6 765 6 795 MHz 13 553 13 567 MHz 26 957 27 283 MHz 40 66 40 70 MHz 433 05 434 79 MHz 902 928 MHz 2 400 2 500 GHz 5 725 5 875 GHz 24 24 25 GHz 61 61 5 GHz 122 123 GHz 244 246 GHz The TTS transmitter unit shall operate off of a standard 12V power supply TTSR DT03 nae i unit via connection through a cigarette lighter AC adapter TTSR DT04 The TTS transmitter unit shall operate with a minimum serial baud rate of 4 800 TTSR DTO5 The TTS transmitter unit shall weigh no more than 5 Ibs TTSR DTO6 The TTS transmitter unit shall be no larger than 12 x 12 x 5 TTSR DTO7 The TTS shall operate at all temperatures within the range 0 F to 120 F TTSR DTO8 The TTS transmitter unit shall support at a minimum an 8 bit encryption TTSR DTO9 The TIS transmitter unit shall pack all collected data into packets for simple transmission TTSR DT10 The TTS receiver unit shall be waterproof and thoroughly resistant to continuous exposure to severe weather conditions 2 4 3 Web Application The web application adheres to the following requirements listed in Table 3 The objective of these requirements is to provide an overview of the web application for the TTS specifying functional requirements quality requirements data requirements and constraints 5 Page Table 3 Web Application Requirements amp Specifications Req ID Requirement Text TTSR WA
8. 1W XTO9 PK RA 0 00 Property of 2 0 00 Client transceiver UCF w RPSMA connector 115000 bps industrial GPS USGlobalSat 20 Channel EM 406A GPS 59 95 Sparkfun com 1 59 95 EM 406A SiRF Ill Receiver with Antenna GPS Shield SparkFun GPS Shield GPS 09817 16 95 Sparkfun com 1 16 95 Dev board SparkFun Arduino PRT 09280 0 50 Sparkfun com 5 2 50 shield headers Stackable Header 6 Pin Dev board SparkFun Arduino PRT 09279 0 50 Sparkfun com 5 2 50 shield headers Stackable Header 8 Pin Accelerometer Sparkfun Ana Dual Axis SEN 00843 39 95 Sparkfun com 1 39 95 log Devices Acceleromete r Breakout Board ADXL213AE 1 2g Microcontroller Arduino Arduino Mega Arduino Mega 64 95 Sparkfun com 1 64 95 Dev board 2560 2560 RF Modem SparkFun DigixTend BOB 09596 1 95 Sparkfun com 1 1 95 dev board Modem interface Breakout Development Manufacture Development Provided by 0 00 Provided by 1 0 00 workstation ris irrelevant workstation team team computer TOTAL 188 75 In Table 24 below a list of the software parts that are required for development purposes is shown These parts are required to build a working prototype of the design before implementing a solid manufacturable product 128 Page Table 24 Software Development Bill of Materials System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Quote Quote Source
9. A picture of the actual RF transceiver component that will be used can be seen in Figure 19 below Figure 19 XTend 900MHz RF Modem with permission from sparkfun com The Accelerometer that was chosen was the ADXL213AE which would be used for energy conservation purposes A picture of the accelerometer can be seen in Figure 14 in a previous section covered The accelerometer would be used to detect whether or 27 Page not the shuttles engine is on or not It would help to determine how long the shuttles engine has been idle for or if the buses engine may be broken By doing a PCB design instead of using a direct connection method of parts the TTS module will be compact and portable The portable module will be very beneficial as all the components will be interfaced on a single board and the module would be small enough as to not impair any extremities internally or externally of the shuttling unit The PCB design will interface and receive its power from a cigarette lighter adapter which will connect to the shuttle unit The general interfacing of all the parts on the PCB design will all begin with the 2 1mm jack which delivers a 12V power supply to the DC DC converter The PT78HT205H converter will interface to the ground plane and vcc plane of the circuit board The EM 406A GPS and the ADXL213AE accelerometer both interface to the microcontroller The accelerometer is interfaced to one ATmega2560 microcontroller s analog I O ports
10. Accelerometer DC DC Power Supply enclosure Cigarette Lighter Plug DC input from bus cigarette lighter Figure 23 Mobile Tracking Device Block Diagram 32 Page 5 2 1 Component Details amp Configuration The following section covers each main component of the shuttle unit s module The section will cover the extensive details and the purpose of each component for the TTS shuttle unit module The main entities that will be discussed will be the PT78HT205H DC DC converter EM 406A GPS module ADXL213AE accelerometer ATmega2560 micro controller and the 900MHz XTend RF transceiver 5 2 1 1 PT78HT205H DC DC Converter The PT78HT205H DC DC converter is used to convert the shuttle unit s 12V from the power supply to 5V DC where 5V is the required voltage for all the components on the PCB design The PT78HT205H operates from a single 5V power supply with one 10uF ceramic capacitor and one 100uF electrolytic capacitor and will have a low supply current at 8mA PT78HT200 Figure 24 PT78HT205H DC DC Converter Pin Layout with permission from texasintruments com Referring to the pin layout for the Max232 in Figure 24 above it can be assumed that the COM pin will be connected to the ground layer of the PCB and the Vout pin will be connected to the 5V layer of the PCB The Vin utilizes a 10uF ceramic capacitor The Vout pin utilizes a 100uF electrolytic capacitor An actual pi
11. Financing 11 1 BILL OF MATERIALS The following is list of material derived from detailed systems engineering and analysis performed by the team After close discussions with the sponsor of the project regarding customer expectations the system designed consisted of these items to meet all requirements Some items were provided by UCF due to existing ownership such as computers and servers and are marked as such in the tables Parts in this list may be changed depending on the specific site implementation if the system if to be recreated at a new site The parts that specifically may be altered are those relating to the receiving and repeater systems as larger antennas or a different quantity of repeater may be used Quotes are listed from the desired vendor for each item Vendors were chosen on the basis of cost reliability customer support and item stock While the listed vendors were the top choices as long as the items purchased match the exact part numbers listed the design will function as expected In Table 23 below a list of the hardware parts that are required for development purposes is shown These parts are required to build a working prototype of the design before implementing a solid manufacturable product 127 Page Table 23 Hardware Development Bill of Materials System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Quote Quote Source Qty Extended Price RF Modem Digi 9XTend
12. Table 1 Overall System Requirements amp Specifications Req ID Requirement Text TTSR OSO1 The TTS shall support all shuttles both on campus and off campus TTSR OSO2 The TTS shall equip all shuttles with their own unique transmitter unit TTSR OSO3 The TTS shall not require a monthly cellular contract to operate TTSR OS04 The TTS shall operate with full functionality for all buses at any given time TTSR OS05 The TTS shall provide GPS data accurate to a differential of 10 ft The TTS shall record information including but not limited to position coordinates velocity time The TTS shall update shuttle location data in real time while a shuttle is active and en route TTSR OSO6 TTSR OSO7 4 Page 2 4 2 Data Transmission The data transmission units adhere to the following requirements listed in Table 2 The objective of these requirements is to provide an overview of the data transmission system for the TTS specifying functional requirements quality requirements data requirements and constraints Table 2 Data Transmission Requirements amp Specifications Req ID Requirement Text TTSR DT01 The TTS transmitter unit shall operate within a 3 mile line of sight radius of the main receiver tower The TTS transmitter unit shall operate on an unlicensed radio frequency bandwidth corresponding to one of the following ISM frequency ranges
13. The web based architecture improves upon the application server thick client based architecture largely in the area of scalability and maintainability Only one server the web server has to be maintained On the client side as long as the workstation has a compatible browser and meets the minimum hardware requirements of the web page it can access the application Downfalls of this approach are introduced when applications require high performance or a rich functionality set This is due to the fact that web browsers are limited in the interactivity they provide with the user and their minimal direct access to hardware 4 2 SELECTION OF INITIAL DESIGN ARCHITECTURE The following section covers the final hardware and software design configurations that were chosen for the TTS development The final hardware configuration that was chosen was the single micro controller design The final software architecture that was chosen was the web based approach 25 Page 4 2 1 Hardware Architecture Selection After considering all of the possible hardware configurations the configuration that was chosen was the single microcontroller architecture The module is a non passive dynamic radio communication design The main reasons for choosing this particular configuration was due to less entities in the design the cost effectiveness and the portability of the system One of the crucial elements of the PCB design will be the DC DC converter The converte
14. This is where the final design of the system is taken and each unit for the shuttles is created as well as the base station and the software This helps expose problems the system will endure so they can be fixed before it is delivered to the users The final stage consists of delivering the system to the users as well as completing the documentation for the project A more detailed schedule including specific dates is seen in Table 30 below Table 30 Detailed Schedule Task Name Duration Start Finish Definition 21 days Wed 8 25 10 Wed 9 22 10 Define Project 21 days Wed 8 25 10 Wed 9 22 10 Research 23 days Wed 9 22 10 Fri 10 22 10 GPS Receiver 23 days Wed 9 22 10 Fri 10 22 10 RF Modems 23 days Wed 9 22 10 Fri 10 22 10 Mobile Application Development 23 days Wed 9 22 10 Fri 10 22 10 Design 38 days Mon 10 25 10 Wed 12 15 10 Hardware 19 days Mon 10 25 10 Thu 11 18 10 Microcontroller 19 days Mon 10 25 10 Thu 11 18 10 TTS Transmitter 19 days Mon 10 25 10 Thu 11 18 10 TTS Receiver 19 days Mon 10 25 10 Thu 11 18 10 Software 11 days Wed 12 1 10 Wed 12 15 10 136 Page Task Name Duration Start Finish Data Management 11 days Wed 12 1 10 Wed 12 15 10 Microcontroller 11 days Wed 12 1 10 Wed 12 15 10 Database 11 days Wed 12 1 10 Wed 12 15 10 Web Application 11 days Wed 12 1 10 Wed 12 15 10 Prototype 34 days Wed 12 1 10 Mon 1 17 11 Hardware 34 days Wed 12 1 10 Mon 1 17 11 Microcontroller 34 days Wed 12 1 10 Mon 1 17 11 TTS Transmitter 34 days Wed 12 1
15. and would not take advantage of the heavy resources available with computer programs Compatibility is the key factor to consider when deciding on the better 10 Page technology and that is why the web application is far superior to computer software Since web browsers are a standard on virtually every personal computer today the web based option will target a much larger audience which is ideal Websites can be written to be platform independent meaning they will execute the same way on all different types of computer configurations both hardware and software Additionally the web application would not require the user to download any supplemental files as noted above This fact also applies to software updates computer programs will generally require the download and install of an update package whereas a web page can simply be updated by its administrator and the changes will take effect immediately without any effort from the client While not nearly as manipulative as computer programming some website programming technologies can be quite powerful The highest level of website development hierarchy can be split into two main types client side and server side These categories are based solely on where the code is processed and compiled either on the server or on the client s computer Client side language implies that the web page code is processed on the client s computer and the information is rendered through thei
16. the client side language Upon submitting the form the user s input is sent to the server where code written in PHP the server side language authenticates the username and password If the 11 Page authentication is successful the PHP code will generate and send the corresponding HTML code back to the client such that the user is logged in If the authentication fails the PHP will generate and send different HTML code such that the user is not logged in This ability for the server to generate different responses based on the client s request is why it is considered dynamic and why server side code can be thought of as powerful The web application developed for this project uses a collaboration of client side and server side languages including AJAX CSS HTML JavaScript and PHP HTML CSS and JavaScript are used to generate the visual interface that the end user will interact with PHP is used to handle requests sent to the server as described above and AJAX is used to asynchronously update the buses on the map thus making the tracking system real time This joint usage of multiple languages allows for the creation of a very professional looking tool while at the same time maintaining compatibility across all client platforms 3 1 3 3 Mobile Application While the scope of this project was set to developing a web based application future endeavors may be made to expand technologies by developing mo
17. 0 26 Fairchild TRANS PNP RS232 Transist Semiconducto 45V 100MA 0 58 or r BC557 TO 92 Digikey 0 58 Fairchild TRANS NPN RS232 Transist Semiconducto 45V 100MA 0 52 or r BC547 TO 92 Digikey 0 52 130 Page System Item Manufacturer Part Number Description Quote Quote Qty Extende Source d Price RS232 Capacito EEE1VA100W CAP 10UF 35V 0 50 r Panasonic R ALUM ELECT Digikey 0 50 RES 10K OHM CRCW080510 1 8W 5 0805 3 08 RS232 Resistor Vishay Dale KOJNEA SMD Digikey 0 77 RES 1 0K OHM CRCWO08051K 1 8W 5 0805 0 77 RS232 Resistor Vishay Dale OOJNEA SMD Digikey 0 77 RES 4 7K OHM CRCWO8054K 1 8W 5 0805 0 77 RS232 Resistor Vishay Dale 7OJNEA SMD Digikey 0 77 CONN PWR JACK 2 1X5 5MM 0 88 Power CUI Inc PJ 102AH HIGH CUR Digikey 0 88 Power DC DC Texas REGULATOR 5V 21 60 Convertor Instruments PT78HT205H 2A 3PSIP HORZ Digikey 21 60 i CAP 1 0UF 25V Power C0805C105Z3_ CERAMIC Y5V 0 20 Capacitor Kemet VACTU 0805 Digikey 0 20 Power CAP 100UF 35V 0 77 Capacitor Panasonic EEE1VA101UP ALUM ELECT Digikey 0 77 IC ACCELER Analog DUAL AXIS 16 41 Accelerometer Devices Inc ADXL213AE DGTL 8 CLCC Digikey 16 41 Accelerometer C0805C104K1 CAP CER 10UF 1 06 Capacitor Kemet RACTU 100V X7R 0805 Digikey 0 35 RES 1 0M OHM Accelerometer CRCW08051 1 8W 5 0805 0 77 Resistor Vishay Dale MOOJNEA SMD Digikey 0 77 CONN HEADER SH 0 72 JST S
18. 0 PK7 0 PU7 0 PE7 0 Power ree a RESET gt xm p 0 P Tears 3 IE Foot RE a Ji atig i PG5 0 p pez o aj romrom ai irn maco osare HES ae a a mi He pra l in the 100 pin version The ADC T C4 ana Tics only have tul tunctionatty PORTO Porro PORTS Ponte in the 100 pin version PD7 0 PB7 0 PH7_0 PL7 0 Figure 30 ATmega2560 Functional Block Diagram with permission from atmel com 37 Page Referring to the pin layout of the ATmega2560 in Figure 31 it can be seen that All VCC and GND pins will be connected to the 5V of the PCB and GND of the PCB respectively To reduce noise interferences all several 0 1uF ceramic capacitors were used and tied between all VCC pins and all GND pinsl The reason for different GND pins and VCC pins are so that if there was a more complex circuit the option to separate the GND pins and VCC pins if there as to seclude and reduce the noisy parts of the circuit by reducing the interference The reset pin will interface to a pushbutton to reset the micro controller when needed The GPS TX data output line will connect to the input of the TO PD7 pin of the micro controller The output of the GPS TX output line will feed though the microcontrollers pin TXD1 NT3 PD3 which will interface to the XTend RF transceiver The GPS RX command data output line will connect to the input of the T1 PD6 pin of the microcontroller Th
19. 5 3 RECEIVING SYSTEM The data retrieving design will include one receiver several repeaters one transmitter per shuttle unit and a web base station The need for a high gain antenna for the receiving system is required in order to obtain the maximum coverage distance of the RF modem Therefore one of the receivers will have a high gain antenna that will be connected to the University s radio tower The data collected from the receiver will interface to another transceiver nearby via serial port Both transceiver and receiver will be on the radio tower requiring the need to be weather proof The transceiver on the tower will then relay the data collected to one last receiver on the ground interfaced with the web server At the web server all data is processed and analyzed The receiving system block diagram can be seen in the Figure 34 on the next page 46 Page Tracking Data Receiving System Radio Tower Antenna gt Serial connection to Data Processing Waterproof RF and Presentation RF Transmission Modem from Mobile Tracking Device Waterproof PWR RS232 CATS Cable lt gt Ethernet m Adapter AC input Figure 34 Tracking and Receiving Data 5 3 1 Component Detail amp Configuration The following section covers the main components of the receiving system configuration This section will cover the extensive details and the purpose of
20. 5 4 Function Descriptions This section describes the functions used by the database to send and receive data Table 17 below lists these functions their input and output variables and a brief description of each Table 17 Database Function Descriptions Function Name Inputs Outputs Description INSERT varies void Inserts a new row into the database DELETE varies void Deletes specified rows from the database SELECT varies varies Gets data froma specified table in the database UPDATE varies void Updates specified rows in the database 6 6 WEB APPLICATION The user interface for the TTS is strictly web based The web application connects directly to the database to access the live GPS data that is sent from the RF modems The coordinates are used to superimpose a unique icon for each shuttle onto existing map technology In addition to these icons the map also displays each bus route in color coded fashion While the markers for each shuttle update in real time as new data is received velocity information is utilized to predict and simulate movement between each new coordinate transmission Following this procedure the movement of the buses appears fluid and steady to the user While the majority of the visible 70 Page screen in the application is dominated by the live action map a panel on the side offers the user options to filter through the routes filter me
21. 50 5 4 2 Web Server Hardware Configuration ccccscecssssseesssseeeeseeceeseeeeeeeeneatens 51 5 4 3 Client Workstation Minimum Hardware Configuration ssec 51 6 Software Design escwssssicevesssvecensasicecesencdtuenasiceueiattetunvasiteveviddsnvasidovens 52 6 1 SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN Pree perce eae rere en ee ac gee ree eee ee 52 6 2 MICROCONTROLLER FIRMVVARECOD Baca vscsaiccaputgesyeaamexosrecavstarseanaterte 53 G2 Bootloader e aaee E E E E E E EE EE 54 622 IME Dia Grenier i Sei ca sex tte riers cere aie erie T AEE 54 O23 Function Descriptions 6cl O Variables issvkasseutseetsestutatseshaeassentaeiesaetsaak votes 56 O24 Packaged Data FOLMab wixeremarenernucuatereretcmurentsommraretonerand tontruvttungrenttonneens 58 6 3 RE IMODEN INE PV ORT rvastsaunoaniatevetonsnwnaaietenstameantais theatuns adams tammens 60 6 3 1 Parameter SCSI UI cht ol ase en ca ca ntcuonen ncnn ven nieanepunseastrunenstnineunanensouneereee 60 6 4 DATA COLLECTION amp PROCESSING SERVER isseire 60 rope ams eao ELE g E A tn ey 61 642 Block Diagrams urere a e ea EEE TE EE DEE ERR 63 GALS UME Diagrams erre reeeee teerien T ea e E EEEE EEEE EE EEEE EEEE 63 644 Data Variable Descriptions scccmncenomanamann neocon 64 OAD FURCHOM D ESCH TOMS ene a aie cas ec ce cs oe thee REEE 65 6 DATABASE E E R EEEE E E EE S 66 6 5 Software Config ration sses enn bununkenn nnna nnn ii 66 0592 Block Diagrams a aie a aaa tai a aeaad 67 6 5 3 Dakar Variable Descrip
22. 6 2 4 1 Notes e BuslD Time and Date will always be the same length If single digits are present they will be padded with 0 s e Latitude and Longitude values will not be padded with 0 s They may be preceded with a negative sign operator following standard GPS decimal format e The Time and Date format letters shown above follow C DateTime formatting convention e The Time and Date is in Coordinated Universal Time UTC standard and therefore must be converted to local time if desired Example The following is a valid TTS packet with correct formatting and sample data lt TTSBEGIN 000A 28 599449 81 197594 195949 19032011 1 TTSEND gt 6 2 4 2 Bad Data Occasionally incorrect or corrupt data may be result from a poor GPS signal or a poor RF communication link In this case the TTS Data Receiving system must discard that specific packet The following is a list of some common cases in which the data is easily recognizable as a poor GPS signal e Latitude and or longitude values of 10000 000000 e Date value of 00002000 The following are a few cases caused by a poor RF link e Latitude and or longitude values including letters such as 1 19698 LNMM e Data packet missing key elements such as separator or a lt or gt in the header tail respectively e Data values that are specified to be a fixed length are received with an invalid length e Carriage Return and Line
23. 8 ST 1 XFILT T2 2 L6 Yet COM 3 L5 Xour 4 Yout Figure 28 ADXL213AE Pin Layout with permission from analog com 35 Page Referring to the pin layout of the ADXL213AE in Figure 28 it can be seen that the VS pin and COM pin are connected to the 5V of the PCB and GND of the PCB respectively Note that the VS of the IC will have a 0 1uF capacitor connection and is then connected to the 5V of the PCB The ST pin the self test pin will have a miniature pushbutton connected to it as to be able to reset and test the accelerometer when needed Both the XFILT and YFILT pins will have a 0 1uF capacitor connected to it which will interface to the GND of the PCB as well Both the XOUT and YOUT pins are not needed and will be left open Lastly the T2 pin which is the accelerometer data or set counter period will be connected to a 1Mohm resistor which will lead the GND of the PCB Note that T2 pin will interface to the microcontroller with the by transmitting its data The functional block diagram for the ADXL213 can be seen in Figure 29 below Note that some of the connection that was made for the TTS design follows the same of the functional block diagrams interfacing Figure 29 ADXL213AE Functional Block Diagram with permission from analog com 5 2 1 4ATmega2560 Microcontroller The ATmega2560 is a low power CMOS 8 bit microcontroller The ATmega2560 is powerful enough to execute instructions in a single clock cycle The
24. ANY KIND ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO YOUR USE OF THE ADI SITE INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DATA LOSS OR CORRUPTION COMPUTER VIRUSES ERRORS OMISSIONS INTERRUPTIONS DEFECTS OR OTHER FAILURES REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY IS BASED IN TORT CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY INNO EVENT SHALL ADI OR ITS SUPPLIERS AGENTS LICENSORS OR CONTRACTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INCIDENTAL PUNITIVE MULTIPLE INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND EVEN IF ADI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION analog com en content fca html 1 3 A 11 Page 4 29 2011 Terms of Use Analog Devices LINKS TO OTHER SITES The ADI Site includes links to other sites Other Sites ADI has no control over the Other Sites and therefore no responsibility with respect to the contents of the Other Sites No affiliation with endorsement of or sponsorship by ADI should be inferred You agree to observe copyright and other restrictions imposed by Other Sites You may not use the Other Sites in any manner that infringes the rights of any person or entity Domain names and trademarks of Other Sites or contained in information accessed at Other Sites are the sole property of their respective owners BULLETIN BOARDS AND OTHER USER FORUMS ADI has no obligation to monitor the bulletin boards and other user forums that may appear on the ADI Site ADI however reserves the right to re
25. AVR development board you can use straight AVR C or C with avr gee and avrdude or AVR Studio to program it Yes although it may require some modifications to the Arduino core libraries See the porting page in the Arduino Google Code project for details These questions have moved to the troubleshooting section of the Arduino guide Arduino Edit Page Page History Printable View All Recent Site Changes http arduino cc en Main FAQ 3 3 A 27 Page
26. Accelerometer Breakout Board with permission from sparkfun com 80 Page The GPS shield in Figure 50 below was used for easy connection of the GPS to the microcontroller board It sits on top of the Arduino development board and provides a connection which supports the GPS module Figure 50 GPS Shield with permission from sparkfun com One RF modem for the tracking device the stripped down version for custom designs was purchased and prototyped with the Arduino development board The RF modem breakout board seen in Figure 51 and Figure 52 on the next page allowed for accurate mapping of the RF modem pins to the microcontroller board pins Two receiving RF modems the fully enclosed RS 232 version were provided by the University of Central Florida as they are already owned All RF modems combined allowed accurate development and debugging of the RF communication as well as the details of sending and receiving the tracking data via the custom TTS software Figure 51 RF Modem Breakout Board Figure 52 Breakout Board Connected to RF with permission from sparkfun com Modem with permission from sparkfun com 81 Page 8 1 2 Software Development For the software development there are several development environments that were used one for each different software piece that was created The microcontroller code will utilize the Arduino Development Environment seen below in Figure 53 This allows for access to all Arduino librar
27. As data is received by the RF modem receiver from the RF transmitting units on the buses it sends the data to the data processing server where the information is parsed and stored into its respective locations in the database Figure 42 below depicts this relationship RF Modem Data Processing Database Receiver Server Figure 42 Data Collection and Processing Block Diagram 6 4 3 UML Diagrams The sequence for data collection and processing is shown in Figure 43 on the next page Initially the raw packaged data is sent from the RF Modem receiver to the data processing server Here the packaged data is parsed into output variables Built in coordinates for the center point of the system will be used along with the radius to generate a circular system boundary After the data processing server splits up the received data it checks to verify that the new coordinates are within this system boundary If the latitude and longitude coordinates are valid the server then stores the parsed outputs into the database 63 Page RE Modem Receiver Data Processing Server Database send packaged data ar ian T i parse data Lir i l validate coordinates l i mi i coordinates are valid send parsed data Figure 43 Data Processing UML Sequence Diagram 6 4 4 Data
28. Can you please provide their contact information Unfortunately we cannot May we recommend a Google search What if my question isn t answered above If your questions are not addressed in the permissions guidelines for Google Maps and Google Earth as mentioned on this page please contact Geo Permissions Due to the large volume of incoming requests please allow to two to three weeks for a response 2010 Google Home About Google google com geoguidelines html 5 5 A 24 Page A 3 1 3 Arduino 12 4 2010 Arduino FAQ search Frequently Asked Questions What is an Arduino What do you mean by open source hardware How can I get an Arduino board Who makes Arduino boards Which are the official Arduino boards Glad you asked we have a great introduction page on Arduino click here to read it Open source hardware shares much of the principles and approach of free and open source software In particular we believe that people should be able to study our hardware to understand how it works make changes to it and share those changes To facilitate this we release all of the original design files Eagle CAD for the Arduino hardware These files are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike license which allows for both personal and commercial derivative works as long as they credit Arduino and release their designs under the same license The Arduino software is also o
29. Controller Configuration The last design option that was considered was the use of a single micro controller The design of a PCB would also be very necessary for the configuration The single micro controller that would be used would be the ATmega2560 The last design essentially follows the same design as the second however the added microcontroller would no longer be needed due to the fact that the single microcontroller configuration that would be used has four serial input outputs as opposed to a single input output serial port of the ATmega328 The main components needed for the bus modules monitoring configuration are a DC DC converter that would convert the shuttles 12V to 5V DC which would allow all the PCB components to operate as all components operate at 5V Next the GPS would be mounted onto the circuit board A single ATmega2560 microcontroller would be used which would be programmed to filter and help transfer needed data The last main component of the shuttles module would be the 900MHz RF transceiver which would relay the data to the receiving station 22 Page The adding of an accelerometer as a component onto the PCB was taken into account The purpose of adding on an accelerometer would be solely for energy conservation purposes If an accelerometer was chosen to be integrated into the system it would simply interface from the GPS and to the micro controller As the need to know if a shuttle is in transit or not can be
30. EW 55 5 eretet testrit nt i a e EE E E E 103 9225 Mesing Conditions ict eE E E E E AA 103 923 JPASSING C eT aeiio e Aa EAER RERE EE RRT 104 IZA Tracking DEVICE oE A a EE E edt 104 9 25 rans MITE nn ge a Se a Nee tn oS Sean fe dase de Sey oe See a ad 109 D200 WRECSIVG N iece states te late ia teat A ne SP ee a 8 ae oe Se eae 110 9 2 7 Transmitter amp Receiver Unit TeSt n isi isieiislinistiininanaanaieies 111 ILO ONE E E T E eine ania elaine E 114 O29 _ Final Hardware System Evaluation s ssssiseiesieieieieseissstsisisisisisisririrsess 116 9 3 OVERALL SYSTEM TEST TING sssssssssssissississeississrississrsrissrssissrrsressrrsres 117 2o MSS CASES e e E E EREE REEERE NEEE 117 9 4 OVERALL SYSTEM EVALUATIONS cwccccrasnctcass aces gctencenaienvnstinantel 119 10 User Manual sessesessessssessssessssresssessseesssresssseessseesssresssresssseessseeesse 119 191 MRACGKING DEVICE cya vaihandanaaceavasneo tanned eabaanaonayainadanenatannasasiunintatane 119 TORA FAW S seio eae tte Ecc haa ede hatte EE tne al E teal tang tank Hee samdelertel 119 10 2 RECEIVING RF MODEM noesenetrireseneranua renien 121 10 2 1 Modem Parameter Configuration ce ass ndcestcardcsiesntensisaraenscententissnigatisnttecs 121 10 2 2 VerifiCation cceccccccccccccecceeeecctecccececseeeececeeccececeeeuttuecececeeeeettutttseeeeeeeeettttaes 122 10 3 REPEATER INE MODEM iy sax creterekaradaa inair iaaa rA E Aani ria 122 10 3 1 Modem Parameter Configurat
31. Feed not received after packet 59 Page In the event that the TTS data is not received properly regardless of the reason the entire packet must be considered invalid and discarded as there is no way to validate specific sections of the data 6 3 RF MODEM NETWORK The RF modems are the infrastructure for which the tracking data is transmitted from the shuttled buses back to the campus They must be configured properly to allow for the RF network to function as expected The overall architecture of the RF network consists of one receiving RF modem multiple or no repeater RF modems and one or many transmitting RF modems Each transmitting RF modem equipped on a tracking device transmits the location data for that specific device every half a second Since the tracking devices are initially powered on at different times they transmit at slightly different moments which decreases collisions at the receiving modem Repeater RF modems may be placed at any desired locations around the receiving modem to increase the range of the system Any number of repeaters may be utilized and the data can even hop from repeater to repeater until it reaches the end node The RF modems chosen are designed to keep track of all packets passed in and out to ensure that no packets will be caught in an endless cycle due to the repeater network The Receiving RF Modem collects all the tracking data received from all the tracking devices and sends it to the Data C
32. Materials Q ON LINE LINKS TO OTHER MATERIALS The linked sites contained in this website are not under the control of Atmel Therefore Atmel is not responsible for the content of any linked site or any lnk contained in a linked site Atmel reserves the right to omit delete or otherwise terminate any link site or linking program at any time at its sole discretion Atmel does not endorse companies or products to which it links and reserves the right to note as such on its web pages Any access to a third party linked site is solely at your own risk Further you agree to defend indemnify and hold Atmel harmless from and against any and all claims losses liabilities damages and expenses including attomeys fees arising out of your use of this website and any linked sites Q DISCLAIMER GENERALLY You agree that Atmel is not liable for any damages or injury whatsoever including without limitation damages for lost profits business interruption or loss of mformation caused by without limitation any use of the Materials or failure of performance error omission interruption defect delay in operation or transmission computer virus or line failure in connection with use of this website even if Atmel has been advised of the possiblity of such damages THE MATERIALS PROVIDED ARE ON AN AS IS BASIS ONLY WITHOUT WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OF ANY KIND INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NO
33. Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Transmitting Data Test Description The transmitter must be able to do its basic functionality of consistently transmitting packets of data Test Conditions The transmitter will be connected to a computer where it will be used to create and pass the packets On another computer nearby a receiver will be connected to receive these packets Neither device will move during the test The test will commence once an arbitrarily large amount of data is transmitted Expected Results The transmitter must be able to transmit all of the information it is requested to without experiencing any data loss 9 2 6 Receiver The receiving hardware for the system is the other end of the transport system in which the data is traveling from the shuttles to the base station This piece of hardware was also an RF modem however it was set to receive the transmitted data Once this data is received it would be moved through the data processing software and through the rest of the system The receiver is a very import piece to the design Unlike the transmitters there is only one receiver This means if a transmitter fails the system would still be functional with the others but if the receiver fails then the entire system fails With so much being depended on the receiver the testing for it was very crucial to ensure that there is little chance that the hardware could fail 9 2 6 1 Test Cases Th
34. The GPS interfaces to one of the microcontroller s serial ports available From the micro controller the XTend RF transmitter will interface to one of the microcontrollers serial I O ports which will collect all the data and transmit to the RF receiver An extended and more detailed interfacing explanation of the design will be covered in length in a later section of the paper By developing and not purchasing a monitoring module for each shuttle the cost of an AVL system for the University will be exponentially reduced and to further reduce the cost of the system the labor of research and development if essentially free By also choosing to create a dynamic radio communication design the elimination of any monthly fees is added The TTS chosen architecture will therefore be a very minimal entity portable and cost effective design 4 2 2 Software Architecture Selection After considering the possible software architecture options it was chosen that a web based approach to the application is the most beneficial choice for a variety of reasons The main reasons include portability and maintainability Portability in web based systems is abundantly apparent One can log onto the internet and access web pages from virtually anywhere a desktop computer laptop cell phone tablet device and the list continues to grow By choosing a web application over a legacy thick client one users will be able to navigate to the shuttle tracking web appl
35. Tracking System the errors would generally come from the specification restrictions on the functionality of the hardware These errors could include situations such as the transmitting RF modem reaching its max transfer distance from the receiver and errors canstem from environmental as well In order to test these cases the hardware must be subjected to the stimuli that it will receive when the system is operating These types of errors can include situations such as the transmitting RF modem trying to transfer data through an obstruction or the GPS device attempting to connect to the satellites on a cloudy day Also included in the testing of the hardware is the testing of the power Each device is powered in some way to operate so thorough testing was also done on it As it is seen hardware testing calls for different types of methods however the goal is the same produce and maintain a seemingly error free system 9 2 2 Testing Conditions The hardware test cases will undergo two different conditions The first condition was used to ensure the main functionality of the device is working properly This was done by simply hooking the hardware up to a computer and testing its functionality By doing 103 Page this the devices are not being subjected to any external biases such as the movement of a shuttle or the obstruction of a tree Once the device is deemed working as expected it now can be slowly introduced to different conditions to not
36. base station as The reason for doing so is due to the fact that there are no RS232 cables long enough to interface from the top of the radio tower down to the data acquisition station The choice of a fiberglass Omni directional 9OOMHz high gain RG antenna was chosen to maximize the coverage distance of the RF modems as well as to help give a good line of sight for data transferring and receiving The antenna is a base station antenna with a heavy wall gold anodized 1 aluminum mounting sleeve The antenna has precision copper clad elements sealed in a white ultraviolet inhibiting fiberglass radome for weatherability A picture of the high gain antenna that will be used can be seen in Fiure 35below Fiure 35 AO9 F8NF M 900MHz High Gain Antenna with permission for Digi com Once the data is received by the high gain antenna receiver and transferred to the transceiver unit on the tower a standard XTO9 PKI R 900MHz XTend RF modem will be used as a receiver down at ground level The XTO9 PKI R 900Mhz RF modem down at the ground level will interface to the base station which will have the database server and web server units A picture of the standard 900MHz RF modem that is used can be seen in Figure 36 below 48 Page XTend PKG FC KTOS PKI B Figure 36 XTO9 PKI R XTend RF modem with permission from Digi The part list for the hardware components of the receiving system can be seen in Table 8 below Table 8 Receivin
37. boot loader has precautionary measures built in to reduce any issues 119 Page 10 1 1 1 Uploading TTS Firmware The following materials must be present for uploading new TTS firmware to the tracking device e RS 232 DB 9 male female cable e Computer with DB 9 male connector a USB lt gt serial cable can be used instead and Microsoft Windows XP Vista or 7 e TTS Software amp Configuration disc includes Arduino IDE software To upload new TTS firmware to the tracking device first ensure the following conditions are satisfied e Ensure the device is connected to a stable power source during the entire process it is recommended that the device be removed from the vehicle being tracked and powered from a standard AC receptacle e The device is connected to the computer using the serial cable and the port number is noted this can be found using the Device Manager Follow each step below to upload the new TTS firmware 1 Copy the TTS firmware folder from the TTS Software amp Configuration disc to the C drive on the computer 2 Open the folder and launch arduino exe 3 Click File gt Sketchbook gt Sketches gt TTS 4 Click Tools gt Serial Port and select the serial port number that corresponds to the port the tracking device is connected to NOTE The following steps must be completed quickly in order for the upload to be successful and to ensure there are no problems Read through the steps before contin
38. chosen Test Conditions Initially all of the routes will be placed on the map and available for selection Expected Results When the route is selected only the chosen route should be highlighted on the map The main cosmetic feature of the system is the motion of the shuttles as the move along the routes There is software in place in the web server so when the shuttles update they do in a smoother fashion Without this code in the place the shuttles would simply jump from coordinate to coordinate Instead the software is able to predict where the next coordinate will be entered and the bus will slowly move towards the destination until it is updated These location predictions will be very small so when the coordinates do get updated the shuttle is very close to the actual destination This section of the software would not only be error free but also be very efficient too If the code is 99 Page delayed in anyway it hinders the ability to estimate the location before the updated coordinate comes in rendering this feature useless Test Objective 7 Test Objective 7 Move the shuttles along a path Test Description The database is going to be updated continually with a sample of data that will update the shuttles on the map When the coordinates are updated the web server has code in place to update the buses as a smooth transition rather than making the buses skip along the map Test Condi
39. connected to the satellites and receiving and outputting the correct longitude and latitude coordinates 106 Page The device will undergo the test in a similar fashion as the previous cases have undergone The GPS was connected to a laptop that was placed inside of a car As the car moves slowly down the road the coordinates need to be consistently and efficiently updating with the correct coordinates Once again to confirm that the coordinates are true to the location another GPS device was referenced Test Objective 4 Test Objective 4 Receiving Coordinates While Moving the GPS Test Description This will test to ensure that the GPS unit could receive longitude and latitude coordinates while moving This will be done by bringing the GPS device into a car and collecting the data as it moves along the road Test Conditions The GPS device will be connected to a portable computer where the output components will be able to be viewed The car will drive in a three mile loop making multiple turns on the way Expected Results The GPS unit should return the correct coordinates as the car is moving throughout the designated route Now that the GPS is functioning properly and can do so while moving it was now tested on the shuttle in the environment in which it will sit when the system is complete The reason the shuttle and the movement tests are separate is because if the GPS seems to not function on the bu
40. design choice that will propel the system towards a positive product 4 3 OVERALL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The overall system features a steady balance between hardware and software to achieve its goal The following diagram in Figure 20 shows the overall system architecture and how each of the components interconnects with each other Custom GPS Firmware Se eae i Microcontroller RF Modem RF RF Modem RF Modem i i Accelerometer i l l l i RF Modem t l t l Ter ae ce ee eg es l r 1 Custom Web i 3 oe See Application eee DE Soria i Po ron I 1 l I I l Approved Web l i i Browser Apache MySQL Custom SW l i I l ll 1 l I Any OS 1 Linux i Windows l l f I 1 J Client l l Data Collection amp I 4 fi i Workstation TPAR i yeb cener TRAR l Processing Server I j l i I l S Figure 20 Overall System Architecture Block Diagram 29 Page Each bus is equipped with a custom TTS module labeled Mobile Tracking Device in the illustration which contains all of the sensors needed to collect the data GPS accelerometer etc This data is fed to the microcontroller which sends out packages through the RF modem A separat
41. determines the look or function of a Digi Site page or Service and iii the inclusion and arrangement of Content with a Digi Site 3 Use or Using shall mean interacting with a Digi site which may include browsing viewing clicking a hyperlink or requesting Content 4 Policy shall mean the Website Policy of Use 5 You or Your shall mean the person persons or entity Using a Digi Site 6 Your Content shall mean any Materials uploaded by You or other Users of a Digi Site acting in cooperation with You or on Your behalf 2 Acceptance of Policy 1 By Using a Digi Site other than to review the Policy You affirm that You have read and understand the policy and agree that your Use will be consistent with the Policy 2 Digi reserves the right to alter the Policy at any time without notice to you and without a required period of time prior to the change in Policy being effective 3 Prohibited activity 1 You agree that Your Use will comply with all applicable laws regulations and ordinances including all laws relating to export national security the transmission of technology across jurisdictional borders the protection of private information of an end user or private party spamming intellectual property consumer protection child protection and welfare obscenity or defamation 2 Regarding Your Use You agree that You will not engage in any of the following activities or permit or encourage others to
42. discretion may monitor or review any portions of its website where users transmit or posts http Awww2 atmel com About legal aspx 3 4 A 7 Page C teMidations as defined above solely wAIMAGP were cAMP Wissalit limitations chat rooms bulletin boards or other user forums and the content of any such Communications Notwithstanding Atmel shall have no responsibility or liability related to the content of any such Communications whether or not arising under any applicable law Q ATMEL S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Atmel is the owner of numerous intellectual property including patents trademarks copyrights and trade secrets Intellectual Property Nothing contained in these Terms shall be construed as conferring by implication estoppel or other legal theory a license or right to any of Atmel s Intellectual property except those expressly provided herein Use of any of such Intellectual Property is therefore strictly unauthorized without the prior written consent by Atmel Q PATENTS A list of Atmel s patents or pending applications may be obtained from any publicly accessible patent database subject to the limitations or restrictions of such databases if any Atmel s devices and products are protected under one or more of its patents Atmel does not represent that devices or products shown or described in its website are free from patent infrmgement or from any other third party right Atmel assumes no liability or obligation to ind
43. engage in any of the following activities 1 You will not circumvent any access or use restrictions put into place to prevent certain Uses of a Digi Site 2 You will not remove any text copyright symbol or notice on a Digi Site 3 You will not interfere with or disrupt a Digi Site violate requirements procedures policies or regulations of networks connected to a Digi Site 4 You will not upload post email transmit or otherwise make available any Material that contains software viruses or any other computer code files or programs designed to interrupt destroy or limit the functionality of any computer software hardware or telecommunications equipment 5 You will not Use a Digi Site in any manner that could damage disable overburden or impair a Digi Site or networks connected to a Digi Site 6 You will not disrupt or interfere with the security of or otherwise cause harm to a Digi Site systems resources accounts passwords servers or networks connected to or accessible through a Digi Site or any affiliated or linked sites 7 You will not forge headers or otherwise manipulate identifiers to disguise the origin of Your Content 8 You will not use means to entice another person or entity into believing that they are interacting directly with Digi or a Digi Site 9 You will not initiate or engage in any surveys contests chain letters junk email pyramid schemes spamming or other duplicative or unsolicited messages commercial
44. for this purpose due to their low cost no subscription fees high accuracy and high reliability They are being manufactured so small that most modern smart phones are equipped with embedded GPS modules 3 1 2 2 Cellular Triangulation Devices that utilize existing cellular networks can approximate their location using multilateration which is based upon triangulation This method uses time difference of arrival TDOA between three separate cell towers By knowing the distance from each of three towers the object s position can be approximated This method is rather inaccurate and produces a large area for which the object could possibly be in While this is useful for some applications it is far too inaccurate for most vehicle tracking systems 3 1 2 3 Radio Navigation Radio navigation uses RF signals to determine an object general position It works with a base station antenna and a mobile RF receiver device The receiver device is attached to a directional antenna which is rotated until the signal is the strongest This allows the receiver to determine its angle relative to base station antennas It then calculates the time it takes for the signal to arrive at the base to determine the distance away from any one base station Radio navigation is a rather primitive method of obtaining an objects location in retrospect to GPS systems It is a rather costly and complicated method and not well suited for large scale vehicle tracking sys
45. longitude and latitude coordinates from the GPS device It is very important that the assembly code is able to accept the data properly so it can be passed onto the later phases This test is needed to ensure that the data is properly accepted from the GPS device and manipulated so it can be utilized further 100 Page Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Receiving coordinates from the GPS Test Description The GPS will pass the current coordinates of its location to the micro controller This will ensure that the GPS is connected to the satellites and the micro controller correctly Test Conditions The GPS will be connected to the micro controller and remain stationary for the entire test Expected Results The output for this test case is the longitude and latitude coordinates of the GPS device The second phase of the assembly software is in place to package After the data is received in the first stage it must be grouped together so it can be transmitted to the rest of the software The longitude and latitude coordinates were packaged together along with the unique shuttle identifier This piece of code must be very efficient for many reasons The package of the data needs to be as small as possible to help in the transfer time from the transmitting device to the receiver If the package is unreasonably large it will cause delays in the system With these delays the system will be virtually useless because
46. of at most 400 meters with the original antenna that was provided and at least 450 meters with a high gain antenna The design needed several repeaters so that if a monitoring unit was not within receiving distance of the main base station the data would be repeated until it reached its destination The first design option that was considered based off of the previous project design would be to have a bus monitoring unit and a receiving system The bus monitoring unit would have a cigarette lighter adapter that would convert the busses 12V to 5V DC which would interface to the GPS unit The GPS unit would interface to the RF transceiver modem via RS 232 The data would be transferred to a single receiving 900MHz RF modem with a high gain antenna mounted onto a Radio tower located on campus Once the information is received it would be transferred to the client workstation were the web server will process the information and users will be able to see a digital map of the shuttle fleets locations 4 1 1 2 Two Micro Controller Configuration The second design option that was considered was the use of two micro controllers The design of a PCB would be necessary for the design as small chips would be used The option of adding an accelerometer was also considered for energy conservation purposes The main components needed for the bus modules monitoring configuration are a level shifter that will convert the buses 12V to 5V DC for the ability for th
47. of packets to the receiver The receiver would then ensure that all the packets are gathered and none are lost This test is important because during the normal operation of the system the receiver was constantly hit by packets from many different transmitters It is important to ensure that each packet gets recognized by the receiver so no information is lost Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Receiving Data From Multiple Transmitters Test Description The receiver must be able to accept packets that are being transmitted from multiple transmitters Test Conditions The receiver will be connected to a computer where it will be used to accept the packets of data On multiple computers nearby multiple transmitters will be connected to transmit these packets Neither of the devices will move during the test The test will commence once an arbitrarily large amount of data is received Expected Results The receiver must be able to receive all of the packets transmitted from the multiple transmitters without experiencing any data loss 9 2 7 Transmitter amp Receiver Unit Test At this point it is known that both the transmitter and receiver are both able to send and accept data with each other Since both devices are working together once their basic functionality is confirmed to be working as expected they must be subject to situations they would face when the system is operating In order for the system to transpo
48. of the device At present day cell phones can be used as GPS navigational systems provide access to the Internet download applications to assist a person in their daily tasks and much more The resources available to society today make it possible to help improve the University of Central Florida s Shuttling System At the University of Central Florida the development of a Transit Tracking System TTS has been designed for the University s shuttling system The design of the TTS follows the concept of an Automotive Vehicle Locating AVL system An AVL system is accomplished by mounting a small device and antenna on the vehicle that is being tracked The device communicates with four of the 24 satellites that orbit the earth to triangulate that specific vehicles position There are three main methods of real time communication of interval data to a host computer or web server The GPS data information can be transferred by using radio cellular or satellite communication technologies The University s TTS utilizes the transfer of data through Radio Frequency RF which makes it a very low cost way to monitor a shuttling fleet as there are no monthly fees The only cost will be the cost of the TTS system itself with no additional cost of labor The University has several complimentary shuttling routes available for the students of the institution such as Park and Ride shuttling the Gold and Black route shuttling and College Affiliated apart
49. of this object is important because this is the final stage of the data acquisition software and now this data must be used to write to the database to be passed on through the system Test Objective 6 Test Objective 6 Building the coordinates into an object Test Description A simulated sample of data will be passed through the code The data will contain a pair of coordinates that are matched up with the unique shuttle identifier Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of valid sample data Expected Results The sample data should be packed together into an object so it can be passed through the rest of the code The output of the test is the created objects of all the packets 9 1 2 2 Unit Test Once each section of the data acquisition software is tested individually they must be tested as one entire system This type of testing is a form of regression testing This is done to ensure that once the parts are all added together the functionality of each section is maintained If an error is thrown a section of code will be removed and the tests will be run again This process will continue until the desired output is received This procedure will be able to pinpoint relatively quickly what area of code is causing the issue This testing was done by following the test cases listed below To ensure that the entire data acquisition software is working as expected it must be tested all
50. or otherwise 10 You will not use any Digi domain name in an email address 11 Your Use of a Digi Site will not include marketing any goods or services 12 You will not use any data mining robots or similar data gathering and extraction methods in connection with a Digi Site 13 You will not collect or store data about other users in connection with prohibited activities 14 You will not access or attempt to access any portion of a Digi Site for which You do not have authorization 15 You will not reverse engineer decompile disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the source code object code or underlying structure ideas or algorithms relating to a Digi site digi com legal authorized_use_policy jsp 1 2 A 15 Page 4 29 2011 Digi International Authorized Use Policy engage in any of the following activities or permit or encourage others to engage in any of the following activities 1 You will not access or attempt to access a Digi Site by any means other than the interface provided b Digi 2 You will not to modify or alter the Content 3 You will not distribute or sell rent lease or license the Content to others 4 You will not reproduce sell trade resell or otherwise exploit for commercial purposes any Content Regarding Your Content uploads posts transmissions or emails You agree that You will not engage In any of the following activities or permit or encourage others to engage in any of the f
51. procured for development purposes can be seen in Table 22Table 21 below Table 22 Software Development Part List System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Qty Microcontro Arduino Arduino Development Arduino 0021 Windows 1 Iler code Environment developmen t software Data Microsoft Microsoft Visual Studio Visual C Express Edition 1 collection C Express Edition 2010 and processing IDE Web Design Notepad Notepad Notepad 5 4 5 1 Code Editor Team open source Database Oracle open MySQL Community MySQL Community Server 1 source Edition Database 5 1 53 Windows version 84 Page System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Qty RF modem Digi X CTU v5 1 4 1 Windows version 1 managemen t software PHP runtime The PGP PHP web scripting PHP 5 3 3 linux version 1 components Group open language runtime source phpMyAdmi phpMyAdmin MySQL management phpMyAdmin 3 3 8 1 1 n devel team tool linux version open source Managed Oracle Java Runtime JRE SE 6 1 code Environment JRE runtime environmen t 8 2 PRODUCTION The tracking device is the central point of concern in regards to production due to the fact that it is the only component in the design that needs to be replicated to add shuttle buses to the system Each subsequent bus that is added to the system requires one additional mobile tracking de
52. services for personal use without permission Tracing You may not use Google Maps or Google Earth as the basis for tracing your own maps or other geographic content FAQs How do I report an inaccuracy or request a change in Google Maps or imagery Please do not report these matters through the permissions process In the US you may use the Report a Problem link at the bottom left of the map view watch this video for instructions If google com geoguidelines html 4 5 A 23 Page 12 4 2010 Google Permissions your country is editable through Map Maker you may make the changes yourself For other countries submit your request through the Fix an Error form where it will be evaluated by the appropriate teams If your concern relates to privacy in Street View please visit the Street View microsite I m interested in a co marketing opportunity with Google or I ve done something cool with Google Maps or Earth that I d like to share Whom should I contact Please contact us through the Geo Permissions form While we cannot accommodate all inquiries we are interested to hear from you If you have created a KML layer you may upload it to our KML Gallery Can you sign an agreement or letter indicating that have permission to use your imagery We are unable to sign any letter or contract specifying that your project or use has our explicit permission The only exception is when you arrange for a content license from us Would yo
53. surrounding copy or text to the Microsoft material In your advertising Microsoft does not permit you to e Use Mcrosoft cwned content including but not immed to icons product sounds product animations logos and images without Microsoft s prior permission Imply Microsoft sponsorship affiliation or endorsement Top of Page microsoft com About Default aspx 1 3 A 17 Page 12 4 2010 Use of Microsoft Copyrighted Content Box Shots Microsoft product box shots are complete images of Microsoft product boxes You may not use Microsoft box shots on third party software Packaging You may use box shots in advertising in documentation including educational brochures in tutorial books in videotapes or on Web sites provided that in addition to the requirements above you 1 Do not alter the box shot except to resize the entire box shot 2 Do not use any images contained with the box shot for example graphics artwork or trade dress independently of the entire box shot 3 Present your company name and logo product and or graphics significantly larger or more prominently than the box shot Top of Page Clip Art and Sample Art The End User License Terms that accompany your software describe the permitted commercial uses of images clip art animations sounds music shapes video clips and templates that accompanied the product Find End User License Terms for Microsoft products The Clip Art and Media gallery p
54. system Expected Results The system must able to handle and still be able to operate when the hardware unit is traveled out of the bounds of the system without throwing any errors Similar to the case in Test Objective 2 this is another manipulation test This test was to see how the system reacts to the loss of power to one of the hardware units on the bus To test this in the middle of a route the unit s power was cut At this time the web server should to update the bus so essentially it would remain motionless on the map Then the power was restored to the unit Once the unit is back up and running the bus was updated on the web server and should be seen moving 118 Page Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Cutting the Power of a Transmitter Test Description The system must be able to handle a shuttle losing power to its hardware unit while the system is operating Test Conditions The power of a shuttle s hardware unit will be cut This loss of power will hold for five minutes After the elapsed time the power will be restored to the unit Expected Results When the power is cut from the hardware unit the shuttle should remain motionless on the web server Once the power is restored the position of the shuttle must be initially updated and then continually updated as it moves along its route 9 4 OVERALL SYSTEM EVALUATION Testing the overall system took nearly a month Thi
55. that this problem will be handled without causing any errors to other parts of the software Test Objective 4 Test Objective 4 Full System test with empty coordinate slots Test Description A simulated sample of data that will include built in errors that will be passed through the code The data will be accepted by the software unpacked and grouped with the corresponding bus number Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets with known errors built in Expected Results The code should receive the packets unpack the coordinates and group them with bus number provided without any errors The output of the test is the created objects of all the packets that contain valid coordinates 93 Page The final test of the entire data acquisition software is one of the most important This case will include a large data file that will contain all of the error previously tested The sample will include error free packets delayed packets out of range coordinate packets and empty coordinate packets Making this massive error ridden test sample will be the closest simulated scenario that can be used to mimic what the system will realistically experience The passing of this test will assume that the data acquisition software will be ready to be incorporated with the other phases of the software design Test Objective 5 Test Objective 5 Importing data with all of the
56. the conclusion of the power up sequences Refer to the RP Command p35 for more information The PWM output is 2 6V level 12 20 reserved do not connect The pin configuration for the XTend RF modem can be seen in Figure 32 The identifications for the RF modems pins can be found in Table 6 39 Page Referring to the Xtend RF modem pin layout pin1 and pin 2 are GND and VCC respectively which will be connected to the GND of the PCB and 5V of the PCB respectively as well DI and DO are corresponding input and output pins that will interface to the GPS TX output data The CFG and SHDN pins of the RF transceiver will be used as I O pins for the GPS RX command line The SLP and GPO2 pins of the RF transceiver will be used as the I O pins for the ADXL213AE accelerometer Metal Shield side up pins protruding gt Figure 32 900MHz XTend RF Modem Pin Layout with permission from Digi com A higher frequency of the RF transceiver provides a shorter the coverage distance The lower frequency of the RF transceiver provides a longer coverage distance Therefore a 900MHz XTend transceiver was chosen due to the 40 mile range capability However the 40 mile range capability is only with a high gain directional antenna with good line of sight Fortunately the range maximum distance that would need to be monitored for the TTS is a short distance of three miles The XTend module also utilizes Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS wh
57. the web server will not be displaying the most up to date shuttle location Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Packing the data Test Description A simulated set of coordinates will be fed into the software The data will not have any restrictions on the range of the coordinates due to testing purposes The data will be packed into a packet with the shuttle s unique identification number Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of simulated longitude and latitude coordinates There is no restriction on the range of the coordinates being tested Expected Results The result of the test should be a collection of data packets containing a pair of coordinates and the bus identifier The amount of packets leaving the system should equal the number of coordinate pairs 9 1 5 2 Unit Test The assembly software is a very small piece of the entire system though due to its location it s arguably the most important Undoubtedly if any errors exist in this phase it would be felt throughout every other piece of software in the design The best way to ensure that does not happen is by running thorough test cases on the entire unit By putting together the two sections of the assembly software the data from the GPS 101 Page device is accepted and then packaged for transport This test case is designed to ensure that this process is executed flawlessly Test Objective 1 Test Obje
58. together This first test case is used to expose any coding errors within the software This test will include an arbitrarily large sample of data that is error free Error free is defined as all of the data entering the software is entirely valid for the system design This means that all of the packets are complete and not missing any information such as an unknown coordinate or a coordinate that lies outside the range of the system The reason behind the error free data is to ensure that the main 91 Page functionality of the system is working This means the entire sample of data being inputted must be accounted for in the output Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Error Free Data Full System test Test Description A simulated error free sample of data will be passed through the code The data will be accepted by the software unpacked and grouped with the corresponding bus number Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of error free packets Expected Results The code should receive the packets unpack the coordinates and group them with bus number provided without any errors The output of the test is the created objects of all the packets As tested previously the entire system must be able to accept and process packets with delays These delays could be caused by a number of things for example if the system is just booting up the packets will be received less consistent
59. will be able to hold and overwrite previous data entries Test Conditions The test will be done by overwriting the coordinates that are already stored in the tables for their corresponding buses Expected Results Each bus in the database will be updated correctly with their new coordinates The output of the test is will be seen in the database in the form of a shuttle entry The second primary use of the database occurs when the web server reads the stored coordinate data The database needs to be read as often as it is written to Since such a high demand lies in the process of reading from the database it also needs to be seemingly error free Problems in this stage of the database process could have lead to improper placing of the shuttles onto the web server s map causing expired data to be displayed to the screen Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Reading from the database Test Description This test will simply read from the database to ensure that it will be able to pass the information that is stored into the database on request Test Conditions The test will be done by querying the database for an arbitrarily high number of requests to receive data from its tables Expected Results Each query should return the bus number and its last updated coordinates The output of the test is the output of the values that are stored in the database 95 Page 9 1 3 2 Unit Test The d
60. x N shuttle buses Transmission System Serial connection TCP IP Web Server TCP IP Data Acauis lion amp Processing Client Workstation x N users Figure 22 Hardware System Level Design 31 Page 5 2 BUS MODULE A monitoring module is designed for each shuttle unit Each monitoring module consists of four main components a GPS a microcontroller an accelerometer and a RF transmitter with antenna The bus will act as the modules power supply and will interface to the shuttle via the cigarette lighter adapter The GPS is the main entity necessary for the TTS tracking device module as it provide all the data necessary for the TTS system The GPS module transfers its collected data to the microcontroller through one of the four serial ports available on it The data will then be transferred from the microcontroller to the RF transceiver which will also interface to one of the four serial ports available An additional feature that was added to each monitoring module is an accelerometer that will enable the knowledge of whether or not a bus is idle by detection of vibrations from the shuttles engine The shuttle unit module block diagram can be seen in the Figure 23 below Mobile Tracking Device x N shuttle buses Antenna RF Modem Client RF Transmission to Tracking Data Receiving System Microcontroller
61. 0 15 seconds 4 The device will output a series of debug and configuration items One of the items will state that the source address was set to XXXX where XXXxX is a valid hexadecimal value ex A4C5 The hexadecimal source address outputted is the address of the TTS Tracking Device RF Modem The device may now be powered down and disconnected from the computer 10 5 DATA RECEIVING amp PROCESSING SERVER 10 5 1 Installation Instructions 1 Insert the TTS Software amp Configuration disc into the PC 2 Run the Setup exe file 3 After the setup is complete modify the TTS exe config file with the database connection string 4 Double click on the TTS con SB 5 TTS should now be running on your machine 10 6 TROUBLESHOOTING 10 6 1 Tracking Device The device isn t transmitting the location data to the receiving node First verify that the device still does not transmit data after placing it in a location which is in range of the receiving antenna and that has ample GPS signal Then connect the powered tracking device to a computer using the serial cable or combination of serial cable and serial lt gt USB convertor Next launch any serial monitor program the Arduino IDE software that is included with the TTS Software amp Configuration disc is 125 Page recommended Power the device off and then back on and observe the output on the serial monitor which will provide useful debugging information relating to the RF mod
62. 01 The TTS web application shall operate with full functionality for 10 000 users at any given time TTSR WA02 The TTS web application shall be cross browser compatible such that it will operate and appear the same in all web browsers TTSR WA03 The TTS web application shall operate in a standard web browser without requiring any additional plug ins or add ons TTSR WA04 The TTS web application shall display each active bus route in color coded fashion TTSR WAOS The TTS web application shall transpose the real time position of the shuttles on a labeled map TTSR WAO6 The TTS web application shall only display shuttles that are actively in service and on their respective routes The TTS web application shall predict an estimated arrival time for each TTSR WAO7 bus stop based on current location and previously accumulated data TTSR WA08 The TTS web application shall allow its user to filter the map data by the route of each bus TTSR WAO9 The TTS web application shall allow an administrator the capability of setting the status in service or out of service of a shuttle TTSR WA10 The TTS web application shall allow an administrator to add a new bus route TTSR WA11 The TTS web application shall allow an administrator to modify a bus route TTSR WA12 Mie web application shall allow an administrator to remove a bus 3 1 RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES The following section covers technologies that are relevant to the goals to be accom
63. 10 Mon 1 17 11 TTS Receiver 34 days Wed 12 1 10 Mon 1 17 11 Software 24 days Wed 12 15 10 Mon 1 17 11 Data Management 11 days Wed 12 15 10 Wed 12 29 10 Microcontroller 24 days Wed 12 15 10 Mon 1 17 11 Database 14 days Wed 12 29 10 Mon 1 17 11 Web Application 24 days Wed 12 15 10 Mon 1 17 11 Test 55 days Mon 1 17 11 Fri 4 1 11 Single Unit 23 days Mon 1 17 11 Wed 2 16 11 Full System 24 days Tue 3 1 11 Fri 4 1 11 Final 17 days Fri 4 1 11 Mon 4 25 11 Final System Complete 1 day Fri 4 18 11 Fri 4 18 11 Documentation 12 days Fri 4 1 11 Mon 4 25 11 Presentation 46 days Mon 4 18 11 Fri 4 22 11 13 Final Project Summary amp Conclusions This project began with a need Currently the second largest university in the nation the University of Central Florida boasts an enormous community full of students staff and faculty Each day the campus is plagued with heavy traffic and no available parking This problem continues to increase each year parallel to the overall population While the school makes efforts to help alleviate this issue by building more parking garages and expanding parking lots it is simply not enough to cure it completely Another resource available to help this cause is the university s complementary shuttle transit system This service available at no charge runs daily from roughly 6 30 in the morning to 10 00 at night Not only is this service provided for transit on campus but it includes several routes off campus to many of th
64. 6 4 1 Software Configuration The main purpose of the data collector and processor is to analyze the data from the transmitters clean it up and write it to the database for the use of the web server This phase of the software design is what drives the rest of the design It will be constantly receiving updates from all of the receivers on the shuttles This means that as long as the shuttles are running and the transmitters are sending out the current coordinates the data collector and processor will be running as well This means the code had to be extremely efficient so it did not create a bottle neck for the system The initial phase of the data collector is where the packets were first acquired from the receiver Here the code stripped down the packet that was created by the microcontroller code so it is able to utilize the data Initially the packet contained three things the shuttle id the current longitude coordinate and the current latitude coordinate of the bus The data processor then took this code and created an object from it to keep all the shuttles information for later use The key to the processing phase is to ensure the data stays organized to prevent any loss of important information If the processor loses its organization then the data could be crossed or deleted causing a ripple effect of problems all the down to the web server Also in this phase of the data collector error checks were implemented Two important checks we
65. 65 47 Ji 5 oessa gng Se g 5 y j 835 z 3 SA g7e ete FP PSR ERR BEB x x SS 66 BF RRB HF F FSS AREA Bs EEa x z sanggp TETT S O heR 8 oe oe oe z 8 Figure 31 ATmega2560 Atmel Micro controller with permission from atmel com 38 Page 5 2 1 59XTend PKG R RF Modem The RF module transfers a standard asynchronous serial data stream operates within the ISM 900MHz frequency band and sustains up to 115 2kbps of data which is well over the needed amount for the TTS Table 6 XTend Pin Reference with permission from Digi com 1 GND yes Ground 2 vec I yes Power 2 8 5 5 VDC General Purpose Output 2 lt Defaull CD 2 gt Pin is driven low Refer to the CD 3 Geo 0 yes Command p24 for other configuration options RX LED Pin is driven high during RF data reception otherwise the pin is driven low Refer to the CD Command p24 to enable Transmit_Power Pin pulses low during RF transmission otherwise the pin is 4 TX_PWR e yes a a a 5 Di i 8 Data In Serial data entering the module from the UART host Refer to the Serial yes ye Communications p9 section for more information yes Data Out Serial Data exiting the module to the UART host Refer to fe Serial Communications p9 section for more information a Shutdown Pin is driven high during operation and low during Shutdown 7 SHDN I no yes Shutdown enables the lowest power mode 5 pA available to the module Refer to the Shu
66. BLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION RESULTING FROM USE OF THIS SITE OR ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE MATERIALS AVAILABLE ON THIS SITE REGARDLESS OF WHETHER TI OR AN AUTHORIZED TI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES Specific Notice Regarding Software Available on This Site Any software that is made available to download from this site Software is copyrighted Use of this Software is governed by the terms of the license agreement if any that accompanies or is included with such Software License Agreement A user will be unable to install any Software that is accompanied by or includes a License Agreement before first agreeing to the License Agreement terms Any reproduction or redistribution of the Software not in accordance with the License Agreement is expressly prohibited and may result in civil and criminal penalties WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING COPYING OR REPRODUCTION OF THE SOFTWARE TO ANY OTHER LOCATION FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR REDISTRIBUTION IS PROHIBITED UNLESS SUCH REPRODUCTION OR REDISTRIBUTION IS EXPRESSLY PERMITTED BY THE LICENSE AGREEMENT ACCOMPANYING SUCH SOFTWARE FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE TI MAY MAKE AVAILABLE ON THIS SITE OR IN ITS SOFTWARE PRODUCTS TOOLS AND UTIL
67. FERENCES riani er in acacia ea enone oat AREN 1 AIEN TSIEN setters cs airtel iret ERRER CEEE 1 A2 PERMISSION S presino ee Ea any EERE A E cen gauee ee 1 A 2 1 Figure Reprint Permissions ssseeseeeseseesserserrrsrrsrstrstrsrstrstrerstrstrsrstrsrrsrstrsn 1 A3 SCREENSHOT PERMISSIONS amsa Srann aranea edian S 17 vi Page 1 Executive Summary In modern society the need for being able to locate where your property is or where you are located has become a growing necessity amongst the general public People no longer have to get out of the car in an unfamiliar place to ask for directions to know where they are or how to get where they are heading Stolen or missing vehicles can now be apprehended or found by simply using a Global Positioning System GPS to help take control over or locate the desired automobile Cellular phones can now access the Internet and download applications therefore providing limitless resources at ones disposal Many daily utilized technologies such as cellular phones vehicles mp3 players and the Internet are becoming more and more technologically advanced A device will be designed for a specific function and as society becomes more technologically advanced they will continuously include supplementary features For example the cellular phone several years ago the purpose of a cell phone was to simply make and receive phone calls then the cell phone gained the feature of text messaging which became a prevalent feature
68. ITIES FOR USE OR DOWNLOAD TI DOES NOT MAKE ANY ASSURANCES WITH REGARD TO THE ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS OR OUTPUT THAT DERIVES FROM SUCH USE OF ANY SUCH SOFTWARE PRODUCTS TOOLS AND UTILITIES Specific Notice Regarding Links to Third Party Sites Certain links provided herein permit you to leave this site and enter non TI sites These linked sites are not under TI s control TI is not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any changes or updates to such sites TI is providing these links to you only as a convenience The inclusion of any link does not imply endorsement by TI of any linked site TI S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES OR A WARRANTY REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE Linking to this site is subject to TI s Linking Policy Specific Notice Regarding Products Purchased Over This Site Unless otherwise specified products purchased from this site are subject to TI s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale which should be reviewed carefully before placing an order To review TI s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale Semiconductor Products Software Products Privacy Policy Use of this site is subject to TI s Privacy Policy Products Applications Design Support Sample amp Buy TI Worldwide About TI Co
69. KE NO REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THESE MATERIALS FOR ANY PURPOSE AND DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS WITH REGARD TO THESE MATERIALS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE TITLE AND NON INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT THE APPLICATION NOTES REFERENCE DESIGNS AND OTHER SUCH DESIGN MATERIALS INCLUDED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED AS AN EXAMPLE ONLY AND THAT YOU WILL EXERCISE YOUR OWN INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS AND JUDGMENT IN YOUR USE OF THESE MATERIALS TI ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR YOUR USE OF THESE MATERIALS OR YOUR PRODUCT DESIGNS OR ANY APPLICATIONS ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY TI TI DOES NOT WARRANT OR REPRESENT THAT ANY LICENSE EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED IS GRANTED UNDER ANY PATENT RIGHT COPYRIGHT MASK WORK RIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OF TI COVERING OR RELATING TO THESE MATERIALS OR ANY COMBINATION MACHINE OR PROCESS TO WHICH THESE MATERIALS RELATE OR WITH WHICH THESE MATERIALS MAY BE USED USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THIS SITE MAY REQUIRE A LICENSE FROM A THIRD PARTY UNDER THE PATENTS OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF THAT THIRD PARTY OR A LICENSE FROM TI UNDER THE PATENTS OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF TI Limitation of Liability ti com corp docs legal termsofuse shtm 1 2 A 3 Page 12 4 2010 Texas Instruments Terms of Use IN NO EVENT SHALL TI OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIA
70. N INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you since some jurisdictions prohibit the limitation or exclusion of lability for incidental or consequential damages In any event you agree that Atmel s total liability to you for all losses damages and causes of action in contract tort including without limitation negligence or otherwise will not exceed the amount you paid to access this website Further Atmel does not warrant the accuracy completeness or reliability of the Materials contained in this website Atmel may amend these Materials or the products described therein at any time without notice While Atmel does from time to time revise these Terms and you should revisit this page from time to time to review the then current Terms because they will be binding on you it does not make any representations or commitments to update the Materials Certain provisions of these Terms may be superceded by specifically designated legal notices or terms located throughout this website Q DISCLAIMER PRODUCT PERFORMANCE Atmel s products are not intended authorized or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life Unless specifically provided otherwise Atmel products are not suitable for and shall not be used in automotive applications Any performance information tests ratings or specifications provided herein are measured using certain computer s
71. POS 30GOLD 1 RS232 Diode Diodes Inc 1N4148 T DIODE SWITCHING 75V SOOMW DO 35 2 Fairchild RS232 Transistor Semiconductor BC557 TRANS PNP 45V 100MA TO 92 1 Fairchild RS232 Transistor Semiconductor BC547 TRANS NPN 45V 100MA TO 92 1 RS232 Capacitor Panasonic EEE1VA100WR CAP 10UF 35V ALUM ELECT 1 CRCW080510KOJNE RS232 Resistor Vishay Dale A RES 10K OHM 1 8W 5 0805 SMD 4 CRCW08051KOOJNE RS232 Resistor Vishay Dale A RES 1 0K OHM 1 8W 5 0805 SMD 1 CRCW08054K70JNE RS232 Resistor Vishay Dale A RES 4 7K OHM 1 8W 5 0805 SMD 1 Power CUI Inc PJ 102AH CONN PWR JACK 2 1X5 5MM HIGH CUR 1 Power DC DC Texas Convertor Instruments PT78HT205H REGULATOR 5V 2A 3PSIP HORZ 1 C0805C105Z3VACT Power Capacitor Kemet U CAP 1 0UF 25V CERAMIC Y5V 0805 1 45 Page System Item Manufactur Part DescriptionNumber Qty erManufactu NumberDescri rer ption Power Capacitor Panasonic EEE1VA101UP CAP 100UF 35V ALUM ELECT 1 Analog Devices Accelerometer Inc ADXL213AE IC ACCELER DUAL AXIS DGTL 8 CLCC 1 Accelerometer C0805C104K1RACT Capacitor Kemet U CAP CER 10UF 100V X7R 0805 3 Accelerometer CRCW08051MOOJN Resistor Vishay Dale EA RES 1 0M OHM 1 8W 5 0805 SMD 1 JST Sales CONN HEADER SH GPS Header America Inc 6POS TOP 1MM TIN BMO6B SRSS TB LF SN 1 BOX ABS 5 07 X Enclosure Bud Industries 3 57 X 1 59 BLK CU 389 1 RF Modem Supplier Ace Various self tapping mounting screws Hardware screws various 4
72. Qty Extended Price Microcontroller Arduino Arduino Arduino 0021 0 00 arduino cc 1 0 00 code Development Windows development Environment software Data collection Microsoft Microsoft Visual C 0 00 Microsoft co 1 0 00 and processing Visual Studio Express m IDE C Express Edition 2010 Edition Web Design Adobe Adobe Dreamweaver 0 00 Provided by 1 0 00 Software Dreamweaver CS5 team Database Oracle open MySQL MySQL 0 00 mysql com 1 0 00 source Community Community Edition Server Database 5 1 53 Windows version RF modem Digi X CTU v5 1 4 1 0 00 Digi 1 0 00 management Windows software version PHP runtime The PGP PHP web PHP 5 3 3 0 00 php net 1 0 00 components Group open scripting linux version source language runtime phpMyAdmin phpMyAdmin MySQL phpMyAdmin 0 00 phpmyadmin 1 0 00 devel team management 3 3 8 1 linux net open source tool version Managed code Oracle Java Runtime JRE SE 6 0 00 oracle com 1 0 00 runtime Environment environment JRE TOTAL 0 00 In Table 25 below a list of the parts that are required for the Mobile Tracking Device is shown These parts are required to build one tracking device module to support one shuttle bus This is the only part list that requires that accommodate for additional shuttle buses Table 25 Mobile Tracking Device Bill of Materials quantities be scaled to System Item Manufacturer
73. SWIG editors The Notepad text editor allows for code highlightin for all web languages used in the TTS system including CSS JavaScript HTML and PHP Additionally this choice saved a large amount of cost which would have occurred with the purchase of a commercial product A comprehensive list of the hardware which was procured for development purposes can be seen in Table 21 below Table 21 Hardware Development Part List System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Qty RF Modem Digi 9XTend 1W transceiver w RPSMA XTO9 PK RA 2 Client connector 115000 bps industrial GPS USGlobalSat 20 Channel EM 406A SiRF III EM 406A GPS 1 Receiver with Antenna 83 Page System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Qty GPS Shield SparkFun GPS Shield GPS 09817 1 Dev board SparkFun Arduino Stackable Header 6 Pin PRT 09280 5 shield headers Dev board SparkFun Arduino Stackable Header 8 Pin PRT 09279 5 shield headers Accelerometer Sparkfun Anal Dual Axis Accelerometer Breakout SEN 00843 1 og Devices Board ADXL213AE 1 2g Microcontrolle Arduino Arduino Mega 2560 Arduino Mega 1 r Dev board 2560 RF Modem SparkFun DigiXTend Modem Breakout BOB 09596 1 dev board interface Development Manufacturer Development workstation computer Provided by 1 workstation is irrelevant team A comprehensive list of the software which was
74. TRANSIT TRACKING SYSTEM TTS Project Documentation EECS Senior Design Group 7 2010 2011 Karl Banks Chris Dorros Monica Nguyen Tyler Zaino Sponsor David Norvell UNIVERSITY oF CENTRAL FLORIDA ii Page Table of Contents 1 Executive SUMMary ccic cc ccscivincciecesecebeidoectbodsaecebnidavcsindussssiedsancebvssosaus 1 2 gt Project Descriptionesaieiiiii e o E E E E E E 2 2 1 FERSONNE C aaisan E E T ERR 2 2 2 PROJECT MOTIVATION cannnasnestsgn aan naini a Aen rao 2 2 34 GOALS OBJECTIVE Siirron n EE A E ive 3 2 4 REQUIREMENTS 6c5PECI FICATION SS cosccoccesianeurinmueitonriatnguateaiss 4 24M Overall Syste areen eE eee eei i E EE E OE OOE E 4 24 2 Data Transmission eneste a ET EA EE e 5 2AF WeB APPC i hee ene eee tere eee ee E E OO OORE CEEE 5 O Reseach a TE T E eA E earn EAA ESET EE 6 3 1 RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES 4 tums rinuimienscacuvaddnn cede cumemmmedtes 6 3 1 1 Tracking Data Communication Methods ccececeeeceeeteeeeeetenseneeseneeneeeeaees 7 312Z Position D tectionuintiwiwanduwnwndewein a e a 8 31 3 r Userlnterfac ssrnsonn aa a a EAT T EE EIEEE 10 SAA MITO control TS eenen aa a a E 12 3 2 EXISTING PROJECTS ePROD GS eiarreetar geet ha epee tee tana 13 3 2 1 Previous Senior Design Project seeseseeseerserserersersersrstrsrrrrstrsrtrsrrsretrste 13 3 2 2 National University of Sciences and Technology Project 15 3 2 5 General Design of Systems Available sssssiieisisiririririririeiriesrs
75. Thank you for your interest in our GPS Technology We certainly do have a AVL solution that is making tremendous market penetration with our TR600 unit The TR600 unit is ideal for OEM solutions and deployments You are here by provided expressed permission to use GlobalSat Product Images descriptions and specifications for your Senior Paper We would of course appreciate proper reference and appropriate siting where needed Please feel free to contact me with any further assistance we may be able to offer to you Be well amp Good Luck on your paper Best regards Larry Liang Director of Business Development CMO Sales amp Marketing NA USGLOBALSAT INC 14740 Yorba Court Chino CA 91710 BPO DODA ZEO wO anhe m eos F 909 597 8532 lliang usglobalsat com www usglobalsat com Skype usglobalsat_Is 1 This message is intended solely for the pet whom it is addressed and may contain confidential or privileged information for the sole use of the intended recipient Any review reliance or distribution by others or forwarding without express permission is strictly prohibited IF you are not the intended recipient https mail google com mail ui 2 Sik 12 A 9 Page 4 29 2011 Gmail Fwd FW Permission to use please contact the sender and delete all copies Prices quoted are good for 30 days and subject to change thereafter without notice Product specifications provided are also subject to change without notice sla
76. Ubuntu Server Linux N A 1 Operating source 10 04 64 bit System HTTP The Apache Apache HTTP Web Server Apache HTTP Server 2 2 17 1 Server Software httpd linux version Foundation open source PHP The PGP Group PHP web scripting PHP 5 3 3 linux version 1 runtime open source language runtime component s phpMyAdm phpMyAdmin MySQL management tool phpMyAdmin 3 3 8 1 1 in devel team linux version open source 6 6 2 UML Diagrams The web application consists of four main classes Transit System Route Bus and Bus Stop The class diagram for the web application can be seen in Figure 45 on the next page The Transit System contains all of the routes as inputted by the administrator The Route object contains all of the bus stops along its path as well as each of the buses that service it The administrator has the ability to set each of the routes bus stops and buses active or inactive 72 Page Transit System addRoute removeRoute O 1 a ID int name string removeBusStop setPath Tr Bus Stop ID int name string coordxX double coordY double isActive bool setActive Bus ID int coordX double coordy double velocity double acceleration double accelerometerData string lastUpdated string isActive bool setActive update Figure 45 Web Application UML Class Diagram 73 Page 6 6 3 Data Variabl
77. Variable Descriptions The data processing server handles the raw data collected from each bus The only input to the server isis the packaged data transmitted via the RF modems This packaged data isis processed and parsed into the respective outputs including bus ID latitude coordinate longitude coordinate accelerometer data and time Three constant variables the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates of the center of the system the radio tower and the line of sight radius are built in to the data processing software Table 14 below provides detailed descriptions for each of these variables 64 Page Table 14 Data Processing Variable Descriptions Variable Name Type Description Global ucfdb MySqlConnection Connection to the database sp SerialPort Serial Port connection Local input data String Array Data after Parsing b Objects Bus id Int32 Identifier to the bus Bus latitude Double Latitude Coordinate of the Bus Bus longitude Double Longitude Coordinate of the Bus Bus Time String String representation of the time Bus Accelerometer Boolean Boolean representation of the engine status 6 4 5 Function Descriptions This section describes the functions used by the data processing unit to receive raw data from the buses and store it into the database Table 15 below lists these functions their input and output variables and a brief desc
78. a new version of the TTS firmware must be created with the changes The user may want to know the source address of the RF modem on a particular TTS tracking device to make changes to the map software The address is listed on the exterior casing of the tracking device module itself however it may be determined via a debugging connection to a computer as well The steps for the former are listed in the following section 10 4 1 Retrieving the Source Address The following materials must be present for uploading new TTS firmware to the tracking device e RS 232 DB 9 male female cable e Computer with DB 9 male connector a USB lt gt serial cable can be used instead and Microsoft Windows XP Vista or 7 e Any serial monitoring software the Arduino IDE software on the TTS Software amp Configuration disc may be used To upload new TTS firmware to the tracking device first ensure the following conditions are Satisfied 124 Page e Ensure the device is connected to a stable power source during the entire process it is recommended that the device be removed from the vehicle being tracked and powered from a standard AC receptacle e The device is connected to the computer using the serial cable and the port number is noted this can be found using the Device Manager Follow each step below to upload the new TTS firmware 1 Click Tools gt Serial Monitor 2 Remove the power from the device and then reconnect 3 Wait for about 1
79. above previous errors together Test Description The entire data acquisition software will be fed a sample of data that will contain all of the errors that the system could face during the start operating procedure Test Conditions A sample collection of packets will be fed into the start of the data acquisition software The set of data will include a random amount of data that contains different errors These errors include delays in the packet receiving packets missing coordinates and packets containing coordinates that lie outside of the system boundary Expected Results The data acquisition software is expected to take in the packets unpack the information interpret the data and create objects for the valid data All errors must be caught before they are made into objects The output of the test is the created objects of all the packets that contain valid coordinates 9 1 3 Database The database is used to pass the coordinates from the Data Acquisition phase to the Web Server phase The most important part of the database is to ensure that the entries are not only preserved but they are organized to allow for easy retrieval As emphasized throughout these tests each section of the software must be optimized to ensure that no section will act as a bottle neck to the system Another issue the database experienced is the amount of load it will have to handle Since the system is going to serve all of the buses on
80. ales 6POS TOP BMO6B SRSS GPS Header America Inc 1MM TIN TB LF SN Digikey 0 72 BOX ABS 5 07 X Bud 3 57 X 1 59 6 70 Enclosure Industries BLK CU 389 Digikey 6 70 RF Modem Assorted self mounting tapping Ace 1 00 screws Various screws various Hardware 1 00 131 Page System Item Manufacturer Part Number Description Quote Quote Qty Extende Source d Price TOTAL 427 80 In Table 26 a list of the parts that are required for the Tracking Data Receiving System is shown These parts include all items in the communication circuit from the radio tower to the first server the data is received by This same list can be used for a repeater system if needed Table 26 Tracking Device Receiving System Repeater System Bill of Materials System Item Manufacturer Description Part Number Quote Quote Source Qty Extended Price ANT 8 1DBI High Gain 65 BASE Digikey Antenna Digi AO9 F8NF M STATION W N com 217 00 1 217 00 XTend PKG 900 MHz NEMA 4 RS 232 422 485 external Waterproof RF antenna Digi co Modem Digi XTO9 4EI RA connector m 499 00 1 499 00 Antenna to CONN CBL Waterproof RF JT2N1 CL1 RPTNC MALE Digikey modem cable Digi 10F N C MALE 10 com 39 90 1 39 90 TOTAL 755 90 In Table 27 below a list of the parts that are required for the Data Acquisition amp Processing Server is shown This i
81. and specific terms governing Software downloaded from the ADI Site Analog Devices Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale Seminars made available from the ADI Site Community Weblog Terms of Use Evaluation Board License Agreement PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AND USE RESTRICTIONS The ADI Site is the property of ADI Copyright 1995 2011 by Analog Devices Inc All copyright trademark and other intellectual property and proprietary rights in the ADI Site and in the software text graphics design elements audio and all other materials originated or used by ADI at its site the ADI Information are reserved to ADI and its licensors Except as explicitly provided herein the ADI Information may not be reproduced published adapted modified displayed distributed or sold in any manner in any form or media without the prior written permission of ADI ADI grants you a revocable non transferable non exclusive license to view print out or download a single copy of the ADI Information solely for internal non commercial or informational use provided that you do not remove any copyright trademark or other proprietary notices Other than the foregoing limited single copy license no transfer of any other rights is made or intended with respect to the ADI Information and the ADI Site ADI may terminate this single copy license at any time for any reason including for any breach of these terms of use or breach of any other ADI agreement or policy Upon t
82. aning they can toggle the visibility of each route on off individually A second use case is implemented for administration Secured by password protection this interface allows an administrator to add edit or remove shuttle route information The ability to activate deactivate individual buses is also implemented Additional information may be added to this administration interface later on such as the ability to view logged event data for each shuttle 6 6 1 Software Configuration The TTS web application software provides the user with a real time view of the UCF shuttle transit system The interface presents a map of the local UCF area with each route highlighted in a unique color The user has the option to toggle the visibility of each of these routes on off through an options panel on the side of the screen The options panel lists the routes by name along with their corresponding color The user may simply click on a listed route to toggle its visibility On first load of the web application all active routes display on the tracking map When a user first clicks a route in the options panel the selected route will display and all other routes will be hidden After a route is selected a reset option will appear which resets the display to the initial condition in which all routes are shown Only active routes display during any given time of the day On the map each active bus appears with its own icon based on the most rec
83. application provides its user with a clear easy to use interface for monitoring the status of each shuttle in the transit system Clients have the ability to customize their own personal view by enabling or disabling the view of each route via a collapsible panel on the side of the screen The application also provides an estimated arrival time for the buses at each stop Finally the web application design supports an additional interface with limited access to administrators only which allows for maintenance and modification of the TTS system data The diagram in Figure 47 below provides an overview of the association between these subsystems 78 Page TEN SERIE AN Arduino Code GPS k A tom ae a A T Microcontroller RF Modem RF RF Modem RF Modem Accelerometer RF Modem RA 1 4 Custom Web Custom A Ars Se So DB Serial A I I fia I l pproved Web i I Custom l Browser Apache L MySQL i I i i i l aN l f Any OS Ubuntu i Windows i l Hl S I I I Client l i Data Processing l Workstation TOPAR Web samer i ae Database Server I l i I I Figure 47 Overall Hardware amp Software Block Diagram for the TTS 8 Build Plan 8 1 DEVELOPMENT During development phases of the project severa
84. are straight forward and have little room for options the data presentation to the user is flexible Two main options for user interfaces are available a server thick client application or a web based server and client The application server and thick client approach is a straightforward software design An application server is set up at the university and is connected to the database server The application server is the go to point for the clients A thick client desktop application installed on each user s workstation presents the user with all functionality 23 Page required to monitor the shuttles It includes a visual map point and click buttons and interactivity and enables real time views of the shuttle positions The client allows for this real time functionality by periodically making function calls to the application server The application server receives the request queries the database for the information requested and responds with the result This is illustrated in Figure 15 below Private LAN WAN or Internet Application Server Client Workstations Tracking Application Installed Database Server Figure 15 Application Server amp Thick Client Architecture Thick client applications have several advantages and disadvantages Advantages include ease of programming large variety of options with very little limitations and the ability to fully harness the processing power of the client work
85. as the data for the shuttles it would cause confusion with the users Test Objective 5 Test Objective 5 Show the details of the shuttle stops Test Description When the stop is selected by clicking on it a bubble will appear with the information about the stop This information would include the stop number the route it s associated with it the shuttles servicing that stop and any other relevant information for the stop Test Conditions All of the routes will be displayed on the map at once At any one time multiple stops can be selected to show their information Expected Results The bubble should show the correct information relevant to the stops selected Another convenient feature implemented in the web server software is the ability to sort the map by a single route Since the buses are only traveling within a two mile radius many of the roads are multicolored where multiple shuttles are using that road something during their route To help the user see a single route more clearly they will have the ability to seemingly hide the other routes and only show the one selected This was to be tested to ensure that when selecting the shuttle the proper route is displayed Test Objective 6 Test Objective 6 Sort the map by a single path Test Description A route can be selected by clicking on it By doing this all of the non selected routes disappear to allow the used to view only the route
86. ata or throwing any errors The output of the test is all of the packets being inputted 88 Page In order to ensure that the receiving portion of the code is working properly it needed to be tested for real life scenarios A particular real life scenario would be if there are only a few buses running so the data is being received in chunks separated by random delays This test was to ensure that the code is able to go from being used at a very high load down to no load and back up to a high load without having any software glitches Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Receiving the Data with delays Test Description A simulated sample data with delays must be received and accepted by the code in order for it to be passed on to the unpacking stage This will ensure there are no defects in the receiving stage of the Data Acquisition section Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets with random delays to simulate standard conditions Expected Results The code should receive the large amount of records with delays without losing any data or throwing any errors The output of the test is all of the packets being inputted The next step in the data acquisition software is the process of unpacking the data that is being received from the transmitters This needs to be tested to ensure that not only are the packets being stripped down properly but it also needs to take int
87. atabase is the sole storage facility of the system This means that it undergoes consistent requests for both reading and writing This means the system had to be able to handle a great amount of requests many of them happening simultaneously This scenario was a crucial part of the testing phase of the database to ensure that the system will be stable during the peak rate of requests Despite the database passing the previous two objectives without this test it would have been left unknown if it was able to handle when all the shuttles are updating their positioning at once Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Simultaneously reading and writing to the database Test Description This test will read from and write to the database at the same time to ensure that it will be able handle real working conditions Test Conditions The test will be done by reading from and writing to the database for an arbitrarily high number of requests Expected Results Each read and write should occur error free as well as not experiencing any loss of data The output of the test is going to be a combination of updated entries in the database as well as the information returned from the database 9 1 4 Web Server The Web Server is the main interface between the users and the database This is the location where the data is displayed on a map for the users to be able to track the buses via the internet It was very crucial for the we
88. ath and bus stop info tables In addition to storing information for the transit system the database also contains data for the administration users This data includes a username password first and last name email address and the date they were added to the system The administrator is required to login to a private interface from which they have the ability to modify the transit system data in the database mentioned above Upon submitting the login form the username and password entered is verified against the valid data stored in the database This authentication process is made very simple by the relationship between PHP the server side web application code and MySQL the database It should be noted that the password field in the administration users table is encrypted such that it cannot be accessed by anyone 6 5 2 Block Diagrams The overall structure of the MySQL database can be seen in Figure 44 on the next page The diagram shows the main tables storing the transit system information and their respective columns Note a sixth table is used for storing the administration user accounts but is not shown in this diagram It is important to note the key mapping between tables in the diagram depicted as a dotted line This mapping indicates that the data in one table corresponds to the data in another in this case the ID number of the routes and buses 67 Page
89. ation A list of minimum required components for this client is included in the design Figure 37 Data Processing and Presentation 5 4 1 Data Acquisition amp Processing Server Hardware Configuration Each server will compromise of one computer unit to serve a sole purpose The data acquisition and data base server will utilize one computer unit and the web server will also utilize its own computer unit The University of Central Florida will provide a computer module for each of the TTS receiving stations The data acquisition and data base server will interface to the XTO9 PKI R XTend RF Modem All the data that has been received and transferred to the data acquisition and processing server will be collected processed sorted and stored into the web database server The Data Acquisition Server must retrieve incoming data from the receiving RF modem process it by parsing 50 Page the data and organizing it into a usable format and store it on a network database These functions require moderate processing power and disk storage The recommended minimum hardware specifications and configuration are listed below e 2 gigahertz GHz 32 bit x86 or 64 bit x64 processor e 2 gigabytes GBs of random access memory RAM e 40 gigabyte GB hard drive serial ATA SATA or newer interface e Universal serial bus USB 2 0 interface e 100 megabits per second Mbps IEEE 802 3 Ethernet interface e Must be connected to the UCF i
90. b server to be nearly bug free since it is where the users will be interacting with the design Even though the data may be correct an error ridden web server could derail the entire system Unlike testing of the previous software sections by design the web server only needs to be tested a unit The tests done on the web server are listed in the tables below 9 1 4 1 Test Cases One of the main goals of the entire system is to help the students that use the shuttles daily This means the system needs to reach out and be compatible with as many users as possible The web server acts as the main communication where the data from the system is presented for the students to utilize Currently the system is designed to be accessed by a workstation via the internet This means that each client could potentially be using a different web browser to be accessing the service Generally web browsers 96 Page are very similar though they each react differently to how websites are set up To ensure that the web server is compatible with as many students as possible it was tested on several of the popular web browsers These web browsers were Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Internet Explorer Google Chrome and Apple Safari These web browsers accounted for nearly almost every user accessing the web server from their unique workstation Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Website compatibility across web browser platforms Test Description To en
91. bands Licensed frequencies provide the added benefit of preventing interference from other devices transmitting on the same frequency due to its private dedicated frequency While unlicensed frequencies on the other hand have this downside they do not require expensive license fees and are therefore much more popular for RF communication Security can be ensured when using private RF systems even over unlicensed frequencies due to encryption methods available in the RF modems This is especially important if interception of vehicle location data presents a threat to the organization Existing commercial off the shelf COTS RF modems provide system designers the ability to integrate RF communication into their design without having to worry about difficult the difficult technicalities of modulation and signal processing 3 1 1 2 Cellular Cellular communication utilizes existing cellemetry networks to provide data transfer This method of communication boasts many big advantages very large range only limited by cell network extremely high availability and support due to ubiquitous use of cell phones and a packetized digital connection The use of a cellular network also aids with tracking as assisted GPS devices can take advantage of the cellular network to triangulate position before searching for satellites 7 Page Though cellular communications may be arguably the most convenient method for vehicle tracking it also has the mo
92. bile applications for internet enabled smartphones Such efforts would greatly enhance the population of TTS users as the popularity of smartphones and mobile applications is continuing to rise Mobile development for the TTS would target the two most popular cross platform mobile operating systems Android and iOS These two technologies though very different in the way they are written share many similarities in both functionality and appearance Android based applications are written in Java an object oriented programming language iOS programs are written in Objective C which can be thought of as an object oriented version of the C programming language which is not object oriented developed by Apple The mobile application is advantageous over simply accessing the web application through a mobile web browser because it increases the accessibility and readability of the information When creating a mobile application the key is to use large buttons large fonts and appropriate resolutions to avoid clutter and illegible data Should development for mobile applications take place more extensive research will be required to determine the syntax and schematics of the mobile programming languages 3 1 4 Microcontrollers The difference between a microcontroller and a microprocessor is that a microcontroller is essentially a specialized microprocessor that is designed to be self sufficient as well as cost effective whereas a microprocessor is
93. bmitted please fax your PO to 303 443 0048 making sure to reference your SparkFun order number on the document Please Note Your order cannot be processed until we receiveboth your PO document and SparkFun order number It may take up to 3 business days from receipt before processing is complete and we are able to ship To become an established Net30 customer please email a request to ar sparkfun com Driving Directions Check out GoogleMaps for great directions http www sparkfun com static contact 1 2 A 2 Page A 2 1 2 Texas Instruments 12 4 2010 Texas Instruments Terms of Use 43 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS WY Samples amp Purchase Cart Contact Us TI Worldwide United States my TI Loain Design Support Sample amp Buy All Searches Search by Keyword GO Search by Part Number Go I Home gt Terms of Use Site Terms of Use The information material and related graphics available on this site Materials are provided by Texas Instruments Incorporated TI The following terms govern use of this site By using this site you agree that you have read and understood these terms and agree to be bound by these terms and to comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding use of this site If you do not agree to these terms do not use this site TI operates this site from its offices within the United States TI makes no representations that the Materials referenced on this site are appropriate or ava
94. cal box and four 60 watt solar panels The kiosk sign was deigned to be tamper proof and have easy access for maintenance The solar powered repeater that was developed can be seen in Figure 4 below The informational Kiosk sign that was developed for the previous design project can be seen in Figure 5 below as well Figure 5 Solar Powered Kiosk Sign The data from the shuttles GPS units would be relayed to the central stations computer via RF serial modem The data that was transmitted included the latitude longitude timestamp and velocity of the shuttle unit The data would then be converted into a text file which was read into a program that calculated the time it would take for that specific unit to reach the next bus stop Once the ETA was calculated it would then be converted into another text file which would be read into another program that converted the data into a hexadecimal format Lastly the hexadecimal information was then sent to the kiosk signs RF modem and then displayed for users to see the ETA 3 2 2 National University of Sciences and Technology Project A similar AVL tracking system known as the Real Time Fleet Monitoring System was developed by the National University of Sciences and Technology in Pakistan The system used real time tracking to monitor their automobile fleet which could be seen on a geo referenced digitalized map by users The system that was developed consisted of three major parts the Client Ope
95. cceleration double Most recent acceleration of the bus accelerometerData string Most recent accelerometer data sent from the bus lastUpdated string Time that the bus data was last updated isActive boolean Specifies if the bus is active or not 74 Page Variable Name Type Description Bus Stop ID int ID number of the bus stop name string Name of the bus stop coordX double Latitude coordinate of the bus stop coordY double Longitude coordinate of the bus stop isActive boolean Specifies if the bus stop is active or not 6 6 4 Function Descriptions This section describes the functions used by the web application to update bus information as well as the administrative functions to manage the routes buses and bus stops Table 20 below lists these functions their input and output variables and a brief description of each Table 20 Web Application Function Descriptions Function Name Inputs Outputs Description Transit System addRoute name path color void Adds a new route to isActive the system removeRoute ID void Removes a route from the system Route addBusStop name coordXx void Adds a new bus stop coordyY isActive to the route removeBusStop ID void Removes a bus stop from the route setActive isActive void Sets the route to active or inactive setPath path void Updates the path of the route B
96. cking System It begins the collection of the data and plays the key role in the transportation of the information to the rest of the system If at any point the hardware fails during normal operation then the entire system is brought to its knees Due to the significance of the hardware to the design it was tested thoroughly in order to ensure that it maintains its basic functionality throughout the operation of the system The method of testing began with ensuring that the basic functionality of the each piece of hardware worked correctly This was to ensure that simple issues would be corrected at the beginning stages to prevent these from causing larger problems later on in the testing process Next the pieces of hardware were tested together to ensure that they were able to function properly when passing data along through each other in a neutral environment Once again this was to ensure it would be easier to pinpoint the issues when there is less of a bias acting on the system The final and most important testing came last This is where the entire hardware system was pieced together and tested This ensured that the hardware was still functioning as expected This setup was then tested in different environmental conditions These conditions mimicked the types of situations in which the system will have to endure when operating The challenges of testing the hardware lies in the attempt to mirror those conditions specifically testing the receiv
97. configurations are listed below e 1 gigahertz GHz 32 bit x86 or 64 bit x64 processor e 1 gigabyte GB of random access memory RAM e 10 megabits per second Mbps IEEE 802 3 Ethernet interface e Internet connection download bandwidth of 1 Mbps e Internet connection upload bandwidth of 0 5 Mbps 51 Page 6 Software Design 6 1 SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN The TTS system is heavily comprised of software code written for various functionalities Beginning with data transmission the microcontroller runs software to handle the collected information This software allows for the manipulation and formatting of the raw data that is collected including GPS coordinates time and bus ID The microcontroller software then transmits its generated output to the receiver on the radio tower via the RF modems At the receiver side software is utilized to accept the transmitted data and store it into the database This software parses the data into its respective classes and then stores it into the database The database used to store our data uses a popular Structured Query Language SQL for web based applications MySQL The design uses phpMyAdmin which is an easy to use web based visual tool for managing SQL databases However this software is only used for managing the database thus the project still requires its own custom software to insert data into the database as mentioned above Once the data has been collected processed and stored it i
98. ctive 1 Receiving the coordinates and packing the data Test Description This is a combination of the two individual tests The GPS will take in its coordinates and pass it to the micro controller Once the coordinates are moved to the micro controller it will then be packaged together into a packet along with the shuttle identifier Test Conditions The GPS receiver will remain stationary throughout the entire test The test will run for around ten minutes to allow for a large amount of data to be processed Expected Results The result of the test should be a collection of data packets containing a pair of coordinates and the bus identifier The amount of packets leaving the system should equal the number of coordinate pairs 9 1 6 Final Software System Evaluation Software is accountable for more than half of this system s design The key to making the system reliable begins with testing of the software Here is where a good portion of the defects and errors needed to be found before it is completely assembled By testing the software in small units it allows for the simpler problems to be caught quickly hopefully eliminating larger problems later on This method of building the system up piece by piece and testing along the way ensures that not only is the software sections working properly but also that they are compatible with each other This system is slated to be used by thousands of students each day so it is c
99. cture of the converting unit can be seen in Figure 25 33 Page Figure 25 PT78HT205H DC DC converting unit with permission from texasinstruments com 5 2 1 2 EM 406A GPS Module The EM 406A GPS module will be the most crucial element of the TTS module design as it is the component that will provide all the necessary data for the TTS The GPS module includes voltage regulation LED status indicator battery backed RAM and a built in patch antenna A 6 pin interfacing cable is also included with the module The GPS module also supports the NMEA 0183 data protocol which is a standard order of data output for the GPS The NMEA0183 data output order that will be transmitted can be seen Figure 26 below PSRF104 lt Lat gt lt Lon gt lt Alt gt lt ClkOffset gt lt TimeOfWeek gt lt WeekNo gt lt ChannelCount gt lt ResetCfg gt CKSUM lt CR gt lt LF gt lt Lat gt Latitude position assumed positive north of equator and negative south of equator float possibly signed lt Lon gt Longitude position it is assumed positive east of Greenwich and negative west of Greenwich Float possibly signed lt Alt gt Altitude position float possibly signed lt ClkOffset gt Clock Offset of the receiver in Hz use 0 for last saved value if available If this is unavailable a default value of 75000 for GSP1 95000 for GSP1 LX will be used INT32 lt TimeOfWeek gt GPS Time Of Week UINT32 lt WeekNo gt GPS Week Number UINT16 l
100. database the web server needs to pull the new location and update it on the map This functionality is very important because it is what the users will be viewing With that being said this functionality must also be very efficient If the buses do not update properly the flow along the route will look very delayed and difficult to follow 97 Page Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Update the shuttles Test Description This test will take the already printed shuttles and updated their location in the database This will cause the buses to move to a new spot on the map Test Conditions Multiple buses will be updated on the map at once when the web server is refreshed Expected Results All of the shuttles will move from their original location to their updated location A useful feature in web server that needs to be tested is the ability to show the details of a single shuttle by simply clicking it Here the information of the bus is stored for example the bus number the route the bus takes the bus s stops etc All of this information is stored in the database When a shuttle is selected the web server takes the bus id and queries the database for the information Then it passes the information from the database to the web server and into the information bubble This needs to be tested to ensure that the correct shuttle info is being pulled for each one If somehow the wrong shuttle information is be
101. de was able to handle a single situation but able to maintain that efficiency regardless of the sample size and the amount of time it takes to process the information The tests were primarily was broken down into two sections the test cases for individual sections of the code and the final unit test The unit test were used to ensure that each individual section of code worked as expected collectively as well as able to handle errors being fed through the entire unit 9 1 1 1 Testing Environment Due to the high amount of coding that was done for this design each section code was tested individually first to ensure that it works correctly before adding it to the entire system This ensures that the location of the defect is easily pinpointed and resolved Due to the nature of the design of the system initially when testing the code for each section the testing environment consisted of simulated data that was passed through the code This is because the coding needed to begin before the hardware portion of the design was complete Each section of code had to pass a high amount of data efficiently with little to no errors to the system This simulated the working conditions the software had to operate in 9 1 1 2 Passing Criteria To ensure efficient and quality testing a passing criterion was determined before testing began This determinec at what point the area of testing qualifies as good enough for the system For the Transit Tracking Sy
102. determined by the speed output provided by the GPS The use for the accelerometer would be to be able to tell whether or not the shuttle unit is idle By doing so one may know whether or not the shuttles engine is running and if the bus has been idle for too long An actual picture the accelerometer can be seen in Figure 14 below Figure 14 ADXL213AE Accelerometer with permission from sparkfun com The interfacing of the components would all be done on a PCB configuration The GPS and the accelerometer on the PCB would interface to one of the four single micro controller s serial ports and one of the analog I O pins respectively The microcontroller would then interface to the RF transmitter via one of the three remaining serial ports available The receiving station would compromise of two main entities The first would be the 900MHz RF receiver which would be mounted onto a radio tower located on campus The RF receiver that would be mounted onto the radio tower would have a high gain antenna as to increase the receiving of data range The data would be then transferred to the web server where all the data would be organized compiled and finally outputted onto an online digitalized map 4 1 2 Possible Software Architecture Choices Based on the research completed for the software aspect of the project several software architecture choices are apparent While the tracking device microcontroller code and data receiving processing code
103. dware for the system has multiple uses By design the first phase of the system is primarily dominated by the hardware First it is the key component in receiving the shuttle s current location by the use of a GPS module This information is then fed to the microcontroller The software in the microcontroller handles the data and prepares it for transport The movement of this data is handled by two hardware devices an RF modem set to transmitting and another RF modem at the base station that is configured to receive the data Each shuttle will be equipped with its own hardware unit This unit contains the GPS receiver a microcontroller and an RF modem configured for transmitting At the base station lays a single RF modem configured to receive data from the entire shuttles active in the system Each piece of hardware was tested to ensure it can handle the different operating conditions it will be exposed to 9 2 1 Testing Overview The procedure on testing the hardware used in the system is different compared to the methods used when testing software When testing software generally the code can be fed a large amount of data containing known errors to see how it reacts to them Unfortunately this cannot be done when testing hardware In order to expose the hardware to a large amount of data the tests had to have a very high run time so it has the ability to collect the data Also it is very hard to force feed the hardware errors For the Transit
104. e Descriptions The web application extracts live data from the database The data taken from the database includes the ID of the bus the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates of each bus the accelerometer data from each bus and the time that the data was last updated This data is used to update each Bus object Each time the Bus object is updated a new velocity and acceleration is calculated The Route Bus and Bus Stop objects all contain their own variable that denotes whether or not the respective object is active The path for each route consists of a series of latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates To display each route in a different color each route object stores the hexadecimal code for its respective color Table 19 below provides detailed descriptions for each of these variables Table 19 Web Application Variable Descriptions Variable Name Type Description Transit System name string Name of the system Route ID int ID number of the route name string Name of the route path double The path of the route stored as a series of coordinates color string The hexadecimal code for the color of the route isActive boolean Specifies if the route is active or not Bus ID int ID number of the bus coordX double Most recent latitude coordinate of the bus coordY double Most recent longitude coordinate of the bus velocity double Most recent velocity of the bus a
105. e PCB components to work as all components will most likely run at 5V Next would be the GPS which would provide the vital information of the shuttles location time speed as well as other information Two ATmega328 microcontrollers which would be programmed to help compile filter and transfer the GPS s data would be used An actual picture of the ATmega328 can be seen in Figure 13 below The last main component of the shuttles 21 Page module would be the 900MHz RF transceiver which would transfer all the necessary data to the RF receiving station Figure 13 ATmega328 Micro Controller with permission from sparkfun com The interfacing of the components would all be on a PCB configuration The GPS on the PCB would interface to one of the micro controllers serial port as each ATmega328 has only one serial input output port The two micro controllers would interface to each other and use a method of handshaking protocol to be able to transfer data from on to the other The second micro controller will interface to the RF transceiver via the remaining serial port The receiving station would compromise of two main entities The first would be the 900MHz RF receiver which would be mounted onto a radio tower located on campus which would have a high gain antenna The data would be transferred to the web server where all the data would be organized compiled and finally outputted onto an online digitalized map 4 1 1 3Single Micro
106. e RF modem at the radio tower on the UCF campus receives this data and passes it along to the data processing server This machine unpacks the data and stores it into the database The web application available through the internet gathers this data from the database to present its display The client workstation or Any Device with Web Browser Installed accesses the web application to provide its user with the graphical interface for the Transit Tracking System The diagram in Figure 21 illustrates this process systems architecture graphically UCF SURROUNDING oe AREA Mobile Tracking Mobile Tracking Device Device ni UCF Shuttle Bus Bus Mobile Trac Device UCF Shuttle ae a Ss i i Any Device with Web SA IN A Browser Installed Figure 21 Transit Tracking System Illustration 30 Page 5 Hardware Design 5 1 SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN In Figure 22 the high level block diagram of the hardware configuration is illustrated which includes the bus module receiving system data acquisition and web server block diagrams The extensive details of the bus module design and the receiving system design is thoroughly covered in the following sections In the bus module design section each main component will be extensively covered In the receiving system section a through explanation of how transmitted data will be gathered will be covered Mobile Tracking RF Device Tracking Data Receiving
107. e first hardware test is for the receiver was done by simply using the same setup as Test Objective 1 from the transmitter test This time a large amount of packets were sent from the transmitter to the receiver After the sending is complete all of the packets had to be accounted for on the receivers end This test was to make sure the basic functionality of the hardware is working before more in depth testing begins Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Receiving Data Test Description The receiver must be able to do its basic functionality of consistently receiving packets of data Test Conditions The receiver will be connected to a computer where it will be used to accept the packets of data On another computer nearby a transmitter will be connected to transmit these packets Neither device will move during the test The test will commence once an arbitrarily large amount of data is received Expected Results The receiver must be able to receive all of the packets transmitted without experiencing any data loss 110 Page Once the receiving hardware passes the basic functionality testing it must undergo a more crucial test This case would involve the movement of packets similar to the previous test however this for this case there would be multiple transmitters sending packets to the single receiver Each transmitter would be connected to a separate computer and they would randomly send a high number
108. e how the hardware reacts By slowing exposing the devices to the external conditions instead of just placing it into it in the standard operating conditions allows for the source of the error to be more easily exposed Each of these tests was run until a significant amount of data has had a chance to either be transmitted or received by the device This is done to ensure that the amount of operating time does not affect the device in anyway Any unique testing conditions were noted in the specific test objective 9 2 3 Passing Criteria Establishing passing criteria is especially crucial when testing hardware During testing the devices were activated and the data that is passing through them was constantly monitored In order to deem a piece of hardware passing its data must show two particular characteristics These would be consistency and accuracy This means a device can be deemed working as expected if the data it is either receiving or transmitting is consistent and accurate to what the data is expected to be For testing the GPS the expected data can be determined by using a known working device To define accuracy in the scope of testing would be ensuring that the data is falling within a five percent range of the assumed data If both of these characteristics are passed then the device can be deemed working as expected Within the passing criteria also lies how errors were handled When testing the hardware and a fatal error is occurred
109. e listed in Table 10 below Table 10 Main Functions Input Output Variables Variable Name Type Description getGpsData gpsData string array Raw data received from GPS module packageData gpsData accelerometerData gpsData string Raw data received from GPS module accelerometerData string Raw data received from accelerometer module packagedData string Packaged GPS and accelerometer data to be sent over RF modem sendData package package string Packaged GPS and accelerometer data to be sent over RF modem It should be noted that the list is only for those functions that are custom developed Several functions are used which are provided by the Arduino development library that are not listed here however the most heavily used functions are included in Table 11 below These are the serial interface functions which will allow the microcontroller to communicate with the GPS accelerometer and RF modem 57 Page Table 11 Arduino Serial Library Functions Used Function Name Inputs Outputs Description Serial begin speed void Sets the data rate according to the speed in bits per second for the serial interface object run against Serial end void void Disables serial communication for the serial interface object run against Serial printIn val void Prints the data in val any data type to the serial port followed by a carr
110. e major local housing developments The unfortunate part about this free service is the fact that its convenience is not realized by a good majority of the student population Students lack trust in the reliability of the system and quickly make the choice to use their own personal vehicle for their commute Thus the problem arises how to raise awareness and draw popularity to the 137 Page shuttle system This problem provided the foundation for which the Transit Tracking System was created The TTS project incorporates a medley of hardware and software to track the university s shuttles and to provide the user population with a graphical interface of each bus location in real time The overall design selected for this project provides a fast and efficient way for accomplishing its goal Each bus has its own tracking device where GPS and accelerometer information is collected packaged and transmitted through the RF modem At the radio tower on campus the data collection and processing server gathers this data unpacks it and stores it into the database Each time a new package is received from the bus a new entry is inserted into the database The web application connects to the database to retrieve live data and update the map accordingly The client is able to access the web application through their web browser on their workstation Additionally administrative users have access to a password protected interface where they have the abi
111. e output of the GPS RX command output line will feed though the microcontrollers pin RXD1 NT2 PD2 which will interface to the XTend RF transceiver The ADXL213AE output data line will connect to the ADO pin of the microcontroller The output of accelerometer will feed though the microcontrollers pin AD1 which will interface to the XTend RF transceiver All other pins of the micro controller are unused and have been left open INTTB INT SINT20 _ PeeEeeEEEEE PHHH FE ZzaSREEREEEEEZ ERR ERE 222 3 Fe ee eS Fg anm ocos Pes T 75 PAS ADS AXDOPCINTE PEO 2 a fra PAs ADS rxoo Per 3 DEX CORNER ra PAS ADS XCKOVAING PE2 4 72 PAG ADS ocawaunr PES 5 7I PAT ADT OCIBINT4 PES L8 70 PG2 ALE OC3GANTS PES ka lea PJG PCINT15 raante PES 5 68 PJS PCINT14 cuxonceaint7 Pe7 3 67 Pus PCINT 3 vcc fiol lS Pu PCINT12 GNO m 65 P32 XCKSIPCINTI1 AxD2 PHO fiz 64 Put TXOMPCINTIO moa ia ATmega640 1280 2560 63 PJO RXOVPCINTS xCx2 PH2 ia 62 GND OC4A PH3 tsj 61 voc OC4B PHA tsj 69 PC7 A15 ocacy FHS i7 Sa POS A14 oc2e PH8 i 53 PCs A13 SSPcinto Peo fig 57 Pcs A12 SCK PCINT PBt 20 s6 PC3 A11 MOSYPCINT2 PB2 T 5 PC2 A10 MISQ PCINT3 PB3 22 4 PCr A9 OC2WPCINTS PBa 23 i53 PCO As OCIAPCINTS PBS Ea 2 PGi AD OC1BPCINTE PBG Bs 51 PGO WR 26 B5 238 2e 40 jat w3 4
112. e packages the data together including the bus ID number the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates the accelerometer data and the current time Packaging these items together allows for a simpler transmission The data is then transferred from the microcontroller to the RF transceiver which also interfaces to one of the four serial ports available The data collection and processing system design includes two receivers one transceiver and a web base station One of the receivers has a high gain antenna that is connected to the university s radio tower The data collected from the receiver interfaces to another transceiver nearby via serial port Both transceiver and receiver are on the radio tower requiring the need to be weatherproof The transceiver on the tower then relays the data collected to one last receiver on the ground interfaced with the web server This system takes in the packaged data and unpacks the contents After the data is parsed into its respective parts the processing server adds the information to the database The web application for the Transit Tracking System connects to this database autonomously to update the position of each bus in real time A map of the UCF area extending out to the edge of the system boundary displays on the webpage with a live look at the current status of each route and the buses that service them Built on a framework of multiple client side and server side programming languages the web
113. each aspect of the receiving system for the TTS The main components of the receiving system that will be discussed are the receiving unit system and what the system compromises of 5 3 1 1 Receiving Unit System The receiving unit system will follow a direct connection method that was earlier discussing the research section of this paper The receiving system will compromise of a two waterproof XTO9 4EI RA 900MHz Xtend RF modems as well as one standard XTO9 PKI R 900Mhz Xtend RF modem To give line of sight for the receiving system the two waterproof modems will be mounted onto a 500ft high radio tower The most important aspect of the system will be the AO9 F8NF M fiberglass Omni direction high gain 900M z RF antenna One of the waterproof XTO9 4EI RA XTend 900MHz RF modem purchased isbe mounted on the top of the university s Towerll dormitory complex and acts as the systems base station Another oneOne of the XTO9 4EI RA 900MHz RF modems is mounted on the top of the university s Physical Sciences building used as a repeating system Several other repeating systems can be mounted as well to increase range coverage The waterproof RF modem that accepts the received data via RS232 port will be programmed to act as a 47 Page transceiver The reason why it will be programmed as a transceiver is so the all the received information can be transferred though the 900MHz radio frequency to another receiver the XTO9 PKI R that will be down at the
114. eceiving antenna and ensure that it is powered on and receiving a GPS signal you can use the debug output of the tracking device to verify this Use the X CTU terminal output tab to see if there is any data being received from the modem If there is there may be a problem with the TTS data receiving software If not there may be a problem with the RF modem itself Ensure that all data power and antenna connections are properly connected Additionally run 126 Page through the verification portion of the Receiving RF Modem Parameter Configuration earlier in the User Manual The Repeater RF modem is not increasing the range of the tracking system First ensure the repeater is connected to power properly Next ensure the modem is configured properly by running through the verification portion of the Repeater RF Modem Parameter Configuration earlier in the User Manual If these are both properly configured the Repeater Antenna is most likely not in range of the Receiving Antenna or there is a large amount of interference inhibiting the signal Move the repeater system closer to the receiving antenna to test is this is the problem 10 6 3 Data Receiving amp Processing Server A database error is being presented in the command line output of the Data Processing amp Receiving server If you receive a database error ensure that the database connection string is correct and you have the rights to access to the database 11 Budget amp
115. ecific services The use of radio communication is the cheapest way as there would be no monthly fees associated with it however the consideration of line of sight is important as well as the distance that would need to be monitored In general a very common fleet tracking module that 19 Page utilizes cellular communication methods is the Mighty GPS Portable Tracker by mightygps com An example of the company s cellular communication monitoring module can be seen in Figure 12 below Figure 12 Mighty GPS Portable Tracker With permission from mightygps com 4 Project Architecture Selection 4 1 POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURES amp RELATED CHOICES The following section covers all of the possible hardware and software configurations that were considered for use in the TTS senior design project All completed research and information found was utilized in the possible configurations covered in the section below 4 1 1 Possible Hardware Architecture Choices Based on the research completed for the hardware aspect of the project several hardware design configurations are apparent Due to the nature of the of the senior design project all passive design configurations have been eliminated Therefore the only design configurations that will be covered in this section will be dynamic designs as the need for real time tracking of the University s shuttling fleet is needed There are three main options for the hardware design configuration a d
116. ed Most of the development hardware parts listed were purchased from the SparkFun company This company specializes in hobbyist enthusiast and student embedded hardware design projects Ideal to our situation the site offers a plethora of resources and unique prototype based products which greatly aided in the development phase of the project For the production bus ready tracking devices large electronics suppliers such as DigiKey were used Since small electronic components are usually in high stock and sold very often from these types of companies reliability is typically high and costs are typically low Almost all of the software used in the system is free of charge in either open or closed sourced versions Most of the software therefore was obtained directly from the developer companies Use of free software obviously allows for huge cost savings in the entire system but also reduces time spent managing cumbersome licenses 9 Test Plan In order to build and manage a quality system the design went through a great amount of rigorous testing This testing was very thorough to ensure that at the time the system was delivered it was virtually defect free For the transit tracking system especially testing was a crucial part of the design of both the hardware and software due to the amount of clients that are utilizing the system These students are depending heavily on not only the reliability of the tracking system but also the acc
117. em and GPS If there is no GPS signal the debug output will note this through the serial output If there is GPS signal but the RF modem is not functioning properly you will see something similar to the following Entering Command Mode Address Set to In normal operations the first line about would be followed by an OK and the second line by a hexadecimal value Above we can see that there are no such values which points to an issue with the RF modem Ensure the RF modem is seated properly in the tracking device and if so the RF modem may be defective 10 6 2 RF Modems Receiving and Repeater During the modem parameter configuration there is no OK response from the RF modem on the serial terminal output This may be caused by one of the following reasons 1 The RF modem is not properly connected to the computer through the serial cable and to power 2 The correct serial port is not selected in the X CTU software Check Device Manager under the Control Panel in Windows to ensure the correct choice is selected 3 The user is not waiting 5 seconds before entering the sequence to enter command mode 4 The user is pressing the enter key immediately after the sequence instead of waiting for the OK response The enter key should never be pressed when using the sequence The Receiving RF modem is not receiving any data Place one of the TTS Tracking Devices near the r
118. emnify for any such alleged infringements Q TRADEMARKS Atmel the Atmel logo and combinations thereof and others are the registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation of its subsidiaries A list of Atmel s registered trademarks is available in the Atmel Trademark List About trademark_list aspx and may be obtained from any publicly accessible patent database subject to the limitations or restrictions of such databases ifany Atmel does not represent that use of any of these trademarks are free from trademark infringement or from any other third party right Atmel assumes no liability or obligation to indemnify for any such alleged infringements Other trademarks brands or names included in this website are for identification purposes only and may be the property of others If you are interested in using or referring to any Atmel trademarks or service marks please refer to the Atmel Trademark Usage Guidelines About trademark_usage aspx Legal Notices and Information 2011 Atmel Corporation Website contents 1998 2011 Atmel Corporation All rights reserved Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose California 95131 USA http www2 atmel com About legal aspx 4 4 A 8 Page A 2 1 4 US GlobalSat Forwarded message From Larry Liang lt lliang usglobalsat com gt Date Mon Dec 6 2010 at 1 55 PM Subject re FW Permission to use To monica nquyen gqmail_ com Hello Monica
119. ent coordinates sent from the RF modem As the bus moves the icon updates and moves in real time To compensate for the lag between packages received the velocity and acceleration of the bus is calculated to predict movement between coordinates This information is also used to assist with estimating arrival time which is also displayed on the TTS web application interface The other side of the web application software features the administration options This interface is only available to administrators through a password protected login The administrators have the ability to modify most of the data in the system for maintenance and other purposes Upon successful authentication the administrator is presented with a panel of options allowing them to add remove routes add remove bus stops set update a route s path set the active status of a route set the active status of a bus stop and set the active status of a bus Any modifications made by the administrator updates the data in the database and the changes automatically reflect in the main user s interface for the TTS The administration interface also provides the functionality to manage the list of administrators by adding editing or removing user accounts A list of the software to be used for the Web Server is shown below in Table 18 71 Page Table 18 Web Server Software System Manufacturer Description Part Number Qty Item Server Canonical open
120. er and the transmitters For the operational use of these pieces of hardware the base station will be located at a height that is hard to copy To compensate for this issue for testing purposes the system is tested at greatest heights available If there are no issues at the lower heights then it can be assumed that it will be able to operate at the height of the base station With the completion of the hardware testing the system is now ready to be built and ready for the overall system testing 116 Page 9 3 OVERALL SYSTEM TESTING After the individual case testing is complete it was time to test the complete system Before this can happen the entire system had to be built and setup to how it would be during the standard operation mode The overall system testing was approached different than the other testing used in this design It was broken down into two types of evaluations The first is very simple run the system and just watch for errors This was done over a course of two full days to ensure that enough data is gathered to assume the system is operating correctly Simple issues were fixed on the fly while the larger issues were noted and fixed after the completion of the test After the bugs are fixed the system was returned to testing This process continued until the system is no longer throwing errors The next evaluation was done by manipulating the system into causing an error This is done because even though by then
121. ere the module has the ability to avoid interference by hopping to a new frequency on every packet transmission or re transmission 5 2 2 Circuit Schematic The following section combines all of the entities chosen for the TTS shuttle unit s module The final circuit design for the PCB of the TTS can be seen below The schematic of the TTS bus module shows all of the proper and necessary connections needed All pins that are left unused are done so intentionally as they are unnecessary pins for the TTS shuttle unit module The final circuit diagram can be seen on the next page of this section 40 Page 41 Page n 2 t 3 ICS T 3 100uF asd asd y 42 Page 5 2 3 PCB Layout The following section shows the final PCB layout for the production of the TTS Each of the actual components will be laid out on the PCB as seen in the Figure 33 below D2 ND an o a D man E Gi o o EES OED O staat c oOnenoe eu N I O 0o a mae fo Figure 33 Final TTS PCB Layout 43 Page 5 2 4 Part List The following Table 7 is a list of the hardware parts that are to be used for the Mobile Tracking Device Table 7 Mobile Tracking Device Hardware Part List System Item Manufactur Part DescriptionNumber Qty erManufactu NumberDescri rer ption 9XTend 1W transceiver w RPSMA RF Modem Digi XTO9 SI connector 115000 bps industrial 1 900 MH
122. ermination you will immediately destroy all ADI Information in your possession or control You will not post on or transmit to the ADI Site any defamatory libelous obscene profane pornographic threatening or unlawful materials or any materials that could constitute or encourage conduct that would be considered a criminal offense or give rise to civil liability whether under statute common law or equitable principles or otherwise violate any law You agree to defend indemnify and hold ADI its subsidiaries employees directors and officers harmless from and against any and all claims damages costs and expenses including attomeys fees arising from or related to such postings or transmissions DISCLAIMERS AND EXCLUSIONS OF WARRANTIES THE ADI SITE AND THE ADI INFORMATION ARE PROVIDED AS IS WHILE ADI INTENDS THE ADI INFORMATION TO BE ACCURATE NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND ARE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE ADI SITE AND THE ADI INFORMATION INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS AND OTHER INACCURACIES OR MISTAKES ARE POSSIBLE ADI DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE ADI SITE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS WILL BE ACCURATE OR WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE ADI EXPRESSLY EXCLUDES AND DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ADI SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS OF
123. esrsrsrsrsese 17 4 Project Architecture Selection esessesessessssesssseessseesssresssresssreesseees 20 4 1 POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURES amp RELATED CHOICES siiis 20 A Possible Hardware Architecture Choices veda auniieueadnumaans 20 4 1 2 Possible Software Architecture Choices 23 4 2 SELECTION OF INITIAL DESIGN ARCHITECTURE osise 25 AD Nate ware Architecture Selection crocette i ee ei 26 4 2 2 Software ArChitecture S SleGhion casmanaguariunamuacnanacaencimarnenraannere 28 4 3 OVERALL SYSTEM ARC TE CA URE scl waltet ica aleomntaeeraeyeaan eieetueeelpontnneed 29 5 Hardware Design essssessessessssessssesssseesssresssresssteessreessseessseesssreesseees 31 5 1 SYSTEM LEVEL DESIG N ia asiuczate an casmununearsiaceaasouiae tans iacceniqeacsuars Vacca nigeaeiten 31 AZ BUS VIG WUE aena EE a Ee a e terete souaaneas a anaa EAE AEE 32 5 2 1 Component Details amp Configuration is sstsc04s0ssaca sees tea seen gan tecn atu saneteentgnn sete 33 5 2 2 Circuit Schematic 0 eecccccccceeecceccccccceececeetececcecececeseutuarsceceeeeecectttttsseeeeeeesentttaes 40 S2 PERLAYA E E etre te E A 43 SA E a a E EEA 44 53 RECEIVING SYSTEM aot E E Melua oat eieee 46 5 3 1 Component Detail amp Configuration shsscssey teceeieceerceieredeabeereleehsereleet Ceeleen beaten 47 5 4 DATA PROCESSING amp PRESENTATION vasssisatasersdosaresaastarmsatscasaenouaaus 49 5 4 1 Data Acquisition amp Processing Server Hardware Configuration
124. ettings tab Leave the other parameters at their default 11 Click the Terminal tab 12 Locate and open the text file on the TTS Software amp Configuration disc named RepeaterModemParameters txt NOTE The following step will tell you to enter a sequence of symbols to force the device into a configuration mode If the steps for entering the parameters are not completely promptly the device will automatically exit configuration mode and all steps of this section must be repeated 13 Do not type anything into the terminal window for 5 seconds 14 Type the following sequence of symbols without the quotations do not press the enter key 15 Do not type anything into the terminal window until the modem responds with OK in the terminal window This should take about 1 second 16 Enter each of the commands outlined in the RepeaterModemParameters txt text file pressing enter after each one The modem will respond with OK after each command is successfully entered Follow the steps in the Verification section to ensure the RF modem configuration was successful 10 3 2 Verification The following steps ensure the Repeater RF Modem was configured successfully Ensure the conditions from the previous section still hold true that the Digi X CTU software is still opened with the correct Serial Port chosen and that the RepeaterModemParameters txt file is still open 5 Do not type anyt
125. from the GPS the second microcontroller is interfaced to the RF transceiver via RS232 serial port In order to transfer the filtered data from the first microcontroller interfaced to the GPS to the second microcontroller interfaced to the RF transceiver a program called handshaking protocol was developed The interrupt based protocol was developed for correlating transmission of data between both microcontrollers 16 Page Figure 7 Geo Referenced Digitalized Map The CCW monitors the automobile fleet and is where all the data is received and processed The main functions provided at the CCW are navigational status vehicle user ID graphical location route graphics current date and time color coding for simultaneous vehicle operation and data storing for post processing Once all the data is filtered and processed the final output is seen on a geo referenced digitalized map that has Full roam zoom and centering capability The final filtered and complied information is outputted on a geo referenced digitalized map that was developed and can be seen in Figure 7 above 3 2 3 General Design of Systems Available There are several different types of fleet tracking systems and brands available to the general public and private companies today The use of fleet tracking systems are mainly used amongst small and large companies today that have the need to monitor where their fleet is at all times the speed of drivers driving habits the nu
126. ftop of the residential Tower II building on campus Additionally a repeater modem and antenna was placed on the rooftop of the Physical Sciences building be used for the project For assembling and testing the electronic components several tools such as soldering irons and volt meters were available to the team in the Senior Design Laboratory The Senior Design lab is exclusive for students enrolled in Senior Design to utilize for design building purposes Personal automobiles were be used during the development and testing phases of the project to ensure design functionality and quality 139 Page Appendix A References A 1 References A 1 1 Bibliography e Automatic Vehicle Location AVL Services For Minnesota s Electric Utility Industry Publication by United Service Group November 2003 e http gigaom com cleantech smart grid debate licensed vs unlicensed wireless spectrum http en wikipedia org wiki Gps http en wikipedia org wiki Mobile_phone_tracking http en wikipedia org wiki Multilateration http en wikipedia org wiki Radio_navigation A 2 Permissions A 2 1 Figure Reprint Permissions The following includes permissions either emails or legal notices for any reprinted figures tables or pictures taken from websites datasheets and other forms of media Each image throughout the document has subtext denoting that it was reprinted with permission from the owner company These are the permissions from the ow
127. g System Hardware Part List System Item Manufacturer Part DescriptionNumber Qty NumberDescription High Gain ANT 8 1DBI 65 BASE AntennaRF DigiDigi A09 F8NF MANT STATION W NAO9 11 XTend PKG 900 MHz NEMA 4 RS 232 422 485 external Waterproof antenna connectorxT09 RF Modem DigiDigi XT09 4EI RAXTend 4EI RA 13 Antenna to Waterproof RF modem CONN CBL RPTNC cable Digi JT2N1 CL1 10F MALE N C MALE 10 1 5 4 DATA PROCESSING amp PRESENTATION The data processing and presentation aspect of the hardware design consists of one server for processing one database web server and a variable number of client workstations for presentation of the information Processing of the tracking data will occur on the Data Acquisition Database server This server will also insert into and host the database containing the recent tracking data The Web Server will access the database to collect the information for serving to clients which are to access the information from a workstation Figure 37 below provides an overview of the Data Processing and Presentation server connections 49 Page Data Acquisition Database Server Serial connection from Tracking Data Receiving System TCP IP Web Server Client Workstation Note This hardware will not be part of the design rather it will utilize the design It will access the user interface via a web browser installed on the client workst
128. g garage to simulate the height disparity The transmitter will then be transmitting packets while moving around the receiver The transmitter will travel out the assumed max distance of a half of a mile while still transmitting packets The test will resume until an arbitrarily large amount of data is passed Expected Results The packets must be transmitted and received by both devices without experiencing any data loss 9 2 8 Power Always when designing a system that includes hardware power must be tested For the shuttle tracking system the power source is the cigarette lighter that is in each of the buses This lighter is active when the shuttle is running and it powers the entire hardware unit that will be located on the bus This hardware unit includes the GPS device the micro controller and the RF modem transmitter Since this collection of hardware is powered together it can be tested as one unit The system has no control over when the power source is active so it is imperative that there be testing done in the event of a power drop or loss If these situations went untested then the units on the shuttles were subject to failure 9 2 8 1 Test Cases The first test in checking the power is to ensure the source is delivering enough electricity for the unit to be powered As started previously the unit needs 5 volts of power Essentially the shuttle s cigarette lighter should deliver 12 volts of power This test is si
129. g these obstructions A special unavoidable obstruction the GPS device would have to overcome is cloud cover Unlike the previous obstructions that were tested cloud cover is not typically temporary nor is it able to be escaped Thankfully the system is running in Florida so the days with cloud cover is limited but this was still an issue that needed to be tested This test was difficult to plan due to not being able to control the weather When a cloudy day does come the test took place inside a car that will be driving the same route used in Test Objective 4 The GPS was connected to the laptop once again and the data from this case would be compared to the data gathered previously from this route on a normal day 108 Page Test Objective 7 Test Objective 7 Receiving Coordinates on a Cloudy Day Test Description The GPS device must be able to collect data despite any natural obstructions in the sky this includes clouds Test Conditions This test will be done with the unit inside of a shuttle on a cloudy day If a shuttle is not available at the time of testing a car will be substituted in The GPS device will be connected to a portable computer which will be located inside of the shuttle The shuttle will travel through a designated route and the test will conclude once the shuttle returns to the starting point Expected Results The GPS device should return the correct coordinates as the shuttle mo
130. guration mode and all steps of this section must be repeated 5 Do not type anything into the terminal window for 5 seconds 6 Type the following sequence of symbols without the quotations do not press the enter key 7 Do not type anything into the terminal window until the modem responds with OK in the terminal window This should take about 1 second 8 Enter each of the commands outlined in the ReceivingModemParameters txt text file pressing enter after each one The modem will respond with OK after each command is successfully entered Follow the steps in the Verification section to ensure the RF modem configuration was successful 10 2 2 Verification The following steps ensure the Receiving RF Modem was configured successfully Ensure the conditions from the previous section still hold true that the Digi X CTU software is still opened with the correct Serial Port chosen and that the ReceivingModemParameters txt file is still open 1 Do not type anything into the terminal window for 5 seconds 2 Type the following sequence of symbols without the quotations do not press the enter key 3 Do not type anything into the terminal window until the modem responds with OK in the terminal window This should take about 1 second 4 Enter the commands in the verification section of the ReceivingModemParameters txt text file one at a time ensuring the expected resul
131. h obstructions The test will resume until an arbitrarily large amount of data is passed Expected Results The packets must be transmitted and received by both devices without experiencing any data loss 112 Page The true location of the receiver is going to be located at the highest point on campus atop the tallest building This means that the transfer of the packets would have to travel up as well Previously the testing of the transmissions was on even ground to ensure that the basic functionality was being maintained Now that it can be determined the devices are working as expected the receiver can be moved to a high altitude above the transmitters Unfortunately the building has limited access so for testing purposes a parking garage on campus will serve as a higher altitude This test will be run the same as Test Objective 1 but now included the height separation Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Receiving Data at Different Heights Test Description The transmitters and receivers must be able to pass data along while the receiver is placed at a much high elevation compared to the transmitter Test Conditions Both the receiver and the transmitter will be connected to a computer This transmitter will be located in a car to simulate the movement of a shuttle The receiver will be placed on top of a parking garage to simulate the height disparity The transmitter will then be transmitting packet
132. hceiahiabaeeaiaeteaeieae Original Message From Monica Nguyen mailto monica nguyen gmail com Sent Sunday December 05 2010 9 06 AM To Service Subject Permission to use To whom it may concern lam an Electrical Engineering student of the University of Central Florida and am doing research on products that can be used for AVL tracking systems May have permission to use information and pictures of your products in my senior design paper would of course site anything that will be used Thank you for your time and consideration Monica Nguyen Electrical Engineering Student University of Central Florida monica nquyen gmail com Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus version of virus signature database 5679 20101206 The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus http www eset com https mail google com mail ui 2 amp ik 2 2 A 10 Page A 2 1 5 Analog Devices 4 29 2011 Terms of Use Analog Devices Sample amp Purchase View Cart Sales amp Distributors Quality Welcome User Log hn Enter keywords or pat kraos Bidh ADiHome Terms of Use TERMS OF USE Please carefully read these terms of use before using this Analog Devices Inc ADI website the ADI Site By using the ADI Site you indicate your agreement to these terms If you do not accept these terms please do not use the ADI Site These terms are intended to be supplemented by other license agreements
133. he United States that generally speaking permits you to use a copyrighted work in certain ways without obtaining a license from the copyright holder There are a variety of factors that affect whether or not your use of Content would be considered a fair use including the purpose and character of your use the nature of the copyrighted work the amount of the copyrighted material used and the effect of your use upon the potential market for the copyrighted work For example there are differences between use in a for fee service and use in a work of scholarship or the use of a single map screenshot and the use of detailed map images for an entire country There are similar although generally more limited concepts in other countries copyright laws including a concept known as fair dealing in a number of countries Please do not request that we interpret whether your use of Content is a fair use Google cannot tell you if your use of Content from our products would be a fair use or would be considered fair dealing these are legal analyses that depend on all of the specific facts of your proposed use We suggest you speak with an attorney if you have questions regarding fair use of copyrighted works The guidelines below further describe how to determine if your use of Content outside of the Google products is acceptable Specific Use Cases All uses of Google Maps and Google Earth and Content MUST provide attribution to Google and our sup
134. hing into the terminal window for 5 seconds 123 Page 6 Type the following sequence of symbols without the quotations do not press the enter key 7 Do not type anything into the terminal window until the modem responds with OK in the terminal window This should take about 1 second 8 Enter the commands in the verification section of the RepeaterModemParameters txt text file one at a time ensuring the expected result listed is the text file is received If all the commands returned the expected output values the Repeater RF Modem is properly configured and may be removed from power and installed in its permanent location Please note that this verification ensures that the RF modem is properly configured but does not ensure that the RF modem will function as expected as a repeater in an existing tracking system After the RF modem is installed a range test must be conducted to ensure the repeater is in fact repeating the signal to the Receiving RF Modem The modem must be in range of a network of repeaters that reach the receiving node or in range of the receiving node itself 10 4 TRACKING DEVICE RF MODEM The TTS Tracking Device RF Modem receives its configuration automatically during device boot up since this is built into the TTS firmware There is therefore no required configuration or re configuration by the user If this RF modem needs to be reconfigured due to a bug fix or system enhancement
135. iage return The Arduino serial library allows for control of the individual serial interfaces of the microcontroller The ability to set the data rate and control the operations of each interface is important for the design since the GPS accelerometer and RF modem will each be connected to its own serial interface The input and output variables for the Arduino serial functions and their data types are listed in Table 12 below Table 12 Ardunio Serial Functions Input Output Variables Variable Name Type Description Serial begin speed speed long Data rate in bits per second baud for serial data transmission Serial printin val val any data type Value to print 6 2 4 Packaged Data Format This section contains information regarding the formatting of the tracking data that is sent out through the transmitting RF modem and sent back to the campus The TTS tracking device will send its data over the RF modems in the following format lt TTSBEGIN Bus D Latitude Longitude Time Date EngineStatus TTSEND gt The italicized items above are the variables that will be sent 58 Page Variable Format Example BusID 4 digit hex value 000A Latitude signed float 6 decimal 28 599449 precision Longitude signed float 6 decimal 81 197594 precision Time HHmmss 195949 Date ddMMyyyy 19032011 EngineStatus binary value 1 running 1 O off
136. ication quickly and easily without the need for installing an application Aside from providing existing users with high portability this system also encourages growth substantially by clearing an easy path for new users to join One must simply type in the address of or search for the shuttle tracking website and is instantly presented with the tracking map 28 Page Maintainability in software systems is a crucial component to success Web based solutions are considerably easier are more cost effect to maintain than legacy applications Due to the client abstraction present client application feature updates security patches bug patches and troubleshooting at the client s site are a thing of the past When any changes need to be made to the application both server and client side they are all done on one centralized point at the web server This level of maintainability results in extensive cost savings to the shuttle tracking system management and increased user satisfaction due to high availability guarantees Additionally the web based architecture will allow for future additions to the system to be easily possible A mobile phone application for instance can be written to interface with the web server to provide an optimized mobile shuttle tracking experience Security can be implemented as well by using the HTTPS web standard to encrypted HTTP traffic Overall the web based implementation of the shuttle tracking system is a key
137. icles and Images Microsoft does not own all articles and images appearing on its pages To determine the owner of an image move your pointer over the image and the copyright owner s name will be displayed To determine the owner of an article look at the top of the article for the author or company that owns it Anyone including a business may link or point to articles on Microsoft Web sites for informational purposes provided the material is available at no charge it is not used for publication or sale outside of your company and the pointer takes the user to the Microsoft page from which the material originates If you wish to reuse or reprint stories or images you found on msnbc com please visit the MSNBC Reprint Requests page For use of Microsoft Press materials send an e mail message to presperm microsoft com Top of Page Request to Downgrade Microsoft Retail Products Visit the Volume Licensing Briefs Downloads page to determine if you may have downgrade rights for your product If Microsoft does not permit the downgrading of your product visit the Product Solution Center which provides information for many Microsoft products including information on common issues and the Microsoft product return policy Top of Page School Reports and Projects You may use images or content from Microsoft products and services in school reports provided that you comply with the guidelines above You may critique or comment on the produc
138. ilable for use in other areas of the world Those who access this site from locations outside the United States are responsible for compliance with applicable local laws Any claim relating to this site or use of this site will be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas without reference to its conflict of laws principles Any dispute arising out of or related to your use of this site will be brought in and you hereby consent to exclusive jurisdiction and venue in the state and federal courts sitting in Dallas County Texas You agree to waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction and forum non conveniens and agree that process may be served in a manner authorized by applicable law or court rule TI reserves the right to make changes to this site and to these terms at any time Any change in these terms will be prospective only unless retroactive effect is legally required Your continued use of this site will constitute your acceptance of any new or amended terms Use Restrictions The Materials contained on this site are protected by copyright laws international copyright treaties and other intellectual property laws and treaties Except as stated herein these Materials may not be reproduced modified displayed or distributed in any form or by any means without TI s prior written consent TI grants permission to download reproduce display and distribute the Materials posted on this site solel
139. ime updated Each time a new package is received from the RF modems the data processing server adds the data as a new entry into the bus status table Note this is the only table that can be modified by the data processing server By including the last updated time in this table the web application is easily able to get the latest coordinates of the bus and updates the map accordingly The bus info table contains simply the ID number of the bus its active status and the ID number of the route it services The route info table contains information relating to the route itself including the ID number name color for displaying on the map and its active status The route path table contains the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinate of each step 66 Page along the path as well as the step number and ID number of the route The bus stop info table contains all of the information pertaining to each bus stop including an ID number name latitude coordinate longitude coordinate active status and the ID number of the route it is part of It is important to note the mapping of the elements in these tables the route ID stored in the bus info bus stop and route path tables all correspond to the ID stored in the route table This architecture allows for clean organization and easy manipulation for the web application Note the administrator has the ability to modify the data saved in the bus info route info route p
140. ing displayed it would cause a great deal of confusion with the users of the system Test Objective 4 Test Objective 4 Show the details of the shuttles Test Description When the shuttle is selected by clicking on it a bubble will pop up with the information about the bus The information will include the shuttle number the route number and any other information about the shuttles All of this information is stored in the database and is pulled when the shuttle is selected Test Conditions Multiple buses will be on the map at the same time so multiple buses can be selected at the same time Expected Results The bubble should show the correct information relevant to the shuttle selected A feature similar to one that was previously tested is the details of the stops On the map the shuttle stops is labeled When these icons are clicked on it brings up a bubble with the details of the stop These details include such information as the stop number the buses associated with the stop etc All of this information is stored in the database When the stop is clicked the web server queries the database with the stop id key associated with the stop and it pulls all the information from the tables to the bus This feature needs to be tested to ensure that all of the information is being pulled to the 98 Page web server correctly If the wrong information is pulled and displayed the same consequences hold
141. ion seeeeeieiesesrsrrrsiririririrrin 122 103 2 Verici onre a E TT TETTE E 123 10 4 TRACKING DEVICE RF WCET sins Sieaasig dia eselicasieaeel sure avast Ns 124 10 4 1 Retrieving the Source Address 505i 1 cakeessrericereuseennee ceeesniegeirenevieesnienerenele 124 10 5 DATA RECEIVING amp PROCESSING SERVER siicsssieiaansannagantosanfinipeaacenten 125 10 51 installation IAStr ctiIONS senarna e une sen sane A sa seen cay sae TA 125 10 6 TROUBLES HOC TIN Gs senna ceenishatenaiteanae lianas Gaede neaweitennas aunties 125 MOL Nl Tracking es zane E E O tor ttonater av heereaauaieee 125 10 6 2 RF Modems Receiving and Repeater icc ui weunnn ere 126 10 6 3 Data Receiving amp Processing Server oo eeesecssersecenerteceeeseeeaeeeeesneeseesates 127 11 Budget amp Financing desni aiene eaaa n e eaaa aiara aiaee E Rai 127 T11 BIELEOQFMATERIA L S creron aito E T E 127 112 lt FNANGING cirera ere ei gic a PSA se Aa E 135 12 Project Milestone Schedule seessssesessessssessssrsssseessseesssseessseessseesse 135 13 Final Project Summary amp Conclusions ssesssseessssessssessssesssseessseess 137 TERRES OUR CO Smee E E A TE EL GA 139 14 1 CONSULTANTS amp SUPPLIERS sessesessssseesssiseesssrseesssesressssseesseesressessreso 139 14 2 FACILITIES amp EQUIPMENT ssoncvegnscesanteennserenmeredenienrnGeeranieuari 139 Appendix A gt References vs vsisciiscatisssssacscaivesiebevpuavoeedsecubtevpeantcadsvstabanpeavswacses 1 Alo RE
142. ions Guidelines Maps Earth Guidelines Brand Terms Press Center Contact Us Google Permissions Permission Guidelines for Google Maps and Google Earth Thank you for your interest in using content such as maps or satellite images from Google Maps or Google Earth referred to in these guidelines as Content Content is owned either by Google or its suppliers This guide should help you figure out whether or not your proposed use of the Content is OK how to properly give credit to Google and our suppliers when you have to ask our permission to use the Content and some other helpful hints Terms of service To determine if your proposed use of Content is acceptable you should first check the applicable terms of service such as the Google Maps Google Earth Terms and Conditions and the Google Maps Google Earth APIs Terms of Serice Your use of Content in marketing and promotional materials films books journals online video streaming labels packaging or various commercial products or in any other media is first and foremost governed by the license provided in the applicable terms of senice for the product In certain circumstances Google may be able to grant you a further license to use the Content in a manner not covered in the terms of serice Finally apart from any license granted to you by Google your use of Content may be acceptable under principles of fair use Fair use Fair use is a concept under copyright law in t
143. ions along the routes could affect the functionality of the hardware Since it can be assumed that the GPS receiver is able to connect and output data while moving on a bus the testing location can return to a car so the obstructions can be tested multiple times in a short period Since the routes of the shuttles are known the locations of all the obstructions that the GPS would face can be noted and tested These obstructions would include underpasses dense tree cover and buildings It is known that the device functionality will hinder during the period in which it is faced with this obstruction however the test is merely going to be done to ensure that this drop in performance is not great enough to affect the data enough to cause errors Test Objective 6 Test Objective 6 Receiving Coordinates Near Obstructions Test Description The GPS device must be able to collect data despite passing through and near any physical obstructions along the routes Test Conditions This test will be done with the GPS device connected to a portable computer For the ability to gather enough data for the test the GPS unit will be placed in a car instead of a shuttle The car will then travel through all of the obstructions that are on the planned routes of the shuttles Expected Results The GPS device should return the correct coordinates as the car is moving passed these obstructions There should be no drop in performance while passin
144. ird party use of its Materials from this website m violation of any applicable law These Terms are governed by the laws of the State of California U S A and jurisdiction for any claims arising from this agreement shall be m a competent court in the Northem District of California and or Santa Clara County Q RESTRICTED USE BY U S GOVERNMENT Atmel s Materials are provided with Restricted Rights Use disclosure or duplication by the U S Government the Government is subject to restrictions in accordance with FAR52 227 14 and DFAR252 227 7013 et seq or its successor Use of Atmel s Materials by the Government constitutes acknowledgment by the Government of Atmel s proprietary rights in them Q YOUR SUBMISSIONS Any remarks suggestions ideas graphics or other material nformation or other communication collectively Communications you transmit or post on this website is deemed public and non proprietary You agree that Atmel has no obligation with respect to the Communications and has the right to copy disseminate incorporate and otherwise use the Communications and all data images sounds text and other things embodied in the Communications for any purpose commercial or non commercial Any Communications transmitted or posted by you that are threatening libelous defamatory obscene pornographic or otherwise unlawil are strictly prohibited and may be actionable by Atmel Q CHAT ROOM ACTIVITIES Atmel at its sole
145. irect connection method a configuration with two micro controllers and a configuration with a single micro controller 4 1 1 1 Direct Connection Configuration A hardware configuration that simply takes the main components necessary for data collection and transfer will be connected together via RS232 serial port The direct connection method has been designed and developed by a previous senior design group 20 Page of mechanical engineers which have been mentioned in the research portion of this paper The previous groups design consisted of a bus unit as well as data receiving units and a workstation where all collected data was processed The design that the previous senior design group developed consisted of three main parts for the shuttling unit The three main parts were a cigarette lighter adapter a Garmin GPS and a 900MHz XTend RF modem By simply connecting a cigarette lighter adapter to the bus unit a 12V to 5V converter was interfaced which allowed the GPS and RF transceiver to receive power The GPS data of the system could then be transferred by connecting the GPS and RF transceiver serially by a RS232 connection An actual picture of the direct connection can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2 in the research section of the paper The receiving of data in the previous design was done by using RF modems and a data collection system which interfaced to a processing computer The 900MHz RF modems that were used covered a distance
146. ither transferring of data is in real time which is nearly instantaneous at a present time interval or when queried or requested by a program by the operator The three main methods of data transfer are either by radio communication cellular communication or by satellite communication When choosing what type of dynamic system to use one must consider the surroundings of the monitored area whether or not the area is in an urban suburban or rural setting 18 Page An example of the general design of a radio communication system can be seen in Figure 9 below gt gt ne Q GPS Satellites Tracking Device Radio Receive and Transmission View Data Figure 9 Typical Radio Communication Configuration An example of the general design of a cellular communication system can be seen in Figure 10 below gt KO GPS Satellites Tracking Device Cellular Receive and Transmission View Data Figure 10 Typical Cellular Communication Configuration An example of the general design of a satellite communication system can be seen in Figure 11 below GPS Satellites Tracking Device Satellite Receive and Transmission View Data Figure 11 Typical Satellite Communication ConfigurationOf the three means of dynamic data transfer the typical recommended method would be by satellite communication However with the use of either satellite or cellular communication one must take into account monthly fees that are need to use those sp
147. iver or receiver An internal and external picture of the final bus unit for the shuttle can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2 13 Page Figure 1 Internal View of Bus Module Figure 2 External View of Bus Module It was believed that the information sent was through the local campus wireless network with 900MHz RF modems However the typical radio frequency for campus wireless fidelity WiFi is 2 4GHz Four RF modem receivers were placed throughout university grounds to act as repeaters so if a bus in route was out of range with the central computers RF receiver the data would be repeated through the RF modems until it reached its destination The 900MHz RF modem antennas used covered a distance of at most 400 meters with the original antenna that was provided and at least 450 meters with a high gain antenna The four RF receivers were placed throughout campus which were both directional and Omni directional A map of the general coverage that the previous system has can be seen in Figure 3 below Florida Parking and Transportation Services E Figure 3 GPS Shuttle Tracking amp notification System RF Modem Coverage 14 Page All campus repeater units and the kiosk sign developed were powered by solar panels When sunlight was present power would be used and stored into a Tempest power security battery All the units were developed to withstand environmental conditions The kiosk sign consisted of a LED screen an electri
148. l products were used as tools for prototyping By building prototype systems the detailed design work was accomplished much more cost effective and in much less time For example creating custom PCBs each time a connection needed to be fixed would have been incredibly expensive Additionally using the proper tools for software development led to greatly decreased coding and debugging time 79 Page 8 1 1 Hardware Development The main component which is key to the hardware development plan was the microcontroller development board This board is designed by Arduino the same company which produces the software development libraries for the chip The board which can be seen in Figure 48 below consists of the microcontroller easy access to the I O pins and a USB port for programming This allowed the GPS accelerometer and RF modem to be easily connected and tested during the development stages Once it was ensured that the components were interacting as expected with the microcontroller the circuit design was updated to reflect the connections of the development board as well as any minor tweaks that were necessary for the design to function Figure 48 Arduino Mega 2560 with permission from sparkfun com The accelerometer breakout board can be seen in Figure 49 below The breakout board contains the accelerometer and required electrical components already included on the board as well as the pin outs for easy access Figure 49
149. licies and Similar Documents Consumer Settiements Antitrust Compliance Interoperability trademarks follow the General Microsoft Trademark Guidelines 2 You must include the folowing statement Used with permission from Microsoft 3 Your use may not be obscene or pornagraphic and you may not be disparaging defamatory or belous to Microsoft any of its Products or any other person or entity 4 You may link to Microsoft content by using ether a plain text link wth words such as This way to Microsoft cor or by participating in an applicable Link Logo program No other images may be used as a tink to a Microsoft site gt Advertising and Advertsemens Box Shots Cip Art and Sample Art gt Donations of Product gt Fonts Game Content gt Maps v Microsoft Icons Microsoft Sounds and Logos Press Redistruting Software gt Reprinting Book Excerpts Articles and Images Request to Downgrade Microsoft Retail Products School Reports and Projects Screen Shots Spreadsheets and Databases Use of Name and or Likeness of Ba Gates Advertising and Advertisements If you have any questions concerning the usage or icensing of Microsoft copyrighted materials for example Microsoft advertisements photographs video footage or other Microsoft materials please submit your detalecd request in writing to Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 6399 Please be sure to include any
150. lity to modify the data These administrative functions include adding and removing routes modifying route paths adding and removing bus stops adding and removing administrators and setting the active status of the routes buses and bus stops The final product developed in this project should have a very positive impact on the UCF community This tracking system should substantially increase the reliability of the transit system drawing more students towards riding the bus and not using their own personal vehicles This snowballing effect should eventually help to improve the heavy traffic and parking situation that exists at the university An extension may be made in the future to develop mobile applications for the tracking system This effort will guarantee a further increase in the user population and satisfaction because of the high popularity in smartphones today Said application will provide users with a similar graphical interface displaying the real time positions of the buses Having this convenience on the go should entice many more individuals to utilize the complementary shuttle transit system 138 Page 14 1 CONSULTANTS amp SUPPLIERS Mr David Norvell Sustainability amp Energy Management The University of Central Florida dnorvell mail ucf edu 407 823 0970 14 2 FACILITIES amp EQUIPMENT Several facilities and pieces of equipment were used for the project The receiving rf antenna and modem was placed on the roo
151. ly because there will be less buses in transit This can also be said for when the shuttles are nearing the end of their routes for the night Since each bus has a unique route they will all be finishing at different times causing there to be a drop in the rate of the packets being received This must be tested for the entire unit to ensure this scenario does not crash the system in any area Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Error Free Data Full System test with delays Test Description A simulated error free sample of data that will include delays that will be passed through the code The data will be accepted by the software unpacked and grouped with the corresponding bus number Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of error free packets with delays Expected Results The code should receive the packets unpack the coordinates and group them with bus number provided without any errors The output of the test is the created objects of all the packets As tested previously the entire system must be able to accept and process packets that contain coordinates that lie outside the system s boundaries The main focus of these tests is to ensure that not only is the coordinate error detected but also that the entire packet is thrown away and not made into an object This test differs from the individual test case because it will show how the entire unit will react when this error is ex
152. mation on licensing arrangements and pricing options for the commercial use of maps Top of Page Microsoft Icons Microsoft product icons are the thumbnail sized images indicating that a Microsoft product has been installed on your operating system Icons may not be used in advertising in books and other printed matter on clothing or other promotional items in online and Internet locations in software applications in television programs in commercials in movies or on videotape You may use Microsoft product icons in training manuals or documentation about a Microsoft product The use of the icon must be specific to the function of the icon within the Microsoft software The icon may not be used as a graphical or design element Icons cannot be modified or altered and must appear as they would within the Microsoft software Microsoft makes certain icons available to developers Find more information about how to buy Microsoft developer products If you have licensed a Microsoft development tool review the redistributable section of the EULA to learn which Microsoft properties may be redistributed by licensees Top of Page Microsoft Sounds and Logos Microsoft does not allow separate distribution of audio or AVI files that is files with the extensions wav mid or avi Logos may only be used in compliance with a Microsoft Logo Program Top of Page Press For information on the use of Microsoft images in articles o
153. mber of stops operators make and where they stop The main component used by the majority of fleet monitoring systems is the GPS There are several different types of fleet tracking system which can also be referred to as and AVL system configurations available The determining factor on which type of configuration a company would use is the determined by the requirements needed and budget available when acquiring a system The two main types of an AVL tracking system design are passive and dynamic 3 2 3 1 Passive Design When using a passive design the GPS information is obtained and is either recorded passively in a device or is passed on via a communication network of a host computer a server or an AVL vendor When information is recorded passively the device s information is essentially downloaded at the end of the day or at the end of a trip by manual means or by a 9OOMHz RF signal 17 Page There are two main methods of data transfer by manual means In general when transferring data by manual means the passive device will connect to the computer database via RS232 serial connection and will be downloaded onto the computer s hard drive Another way of transferring data by manual means is by having a passive device that uses a memory stick When transferring data via memory stick all the information is collected and saved onto a memory stick that is connected to the units monitoring device and then removed and is then interfaced t
154. ment complex shuttling The TTS system was designed to increase the use of the shuttling resources available as only a small fraction of the University s affiliates use it The TTS system will also help to allow administrators of the shuttle fleet to monitor and track where shuttling operators are and if they are complying with operation policies The general design of the TTS will consist of a tracking device on each shuttle unit Where the data from each shuttle unit will transfer its data to a receiving station where data will be compiled and organized so that users can access the web server and know where all shuttle units are and how far they are from the user with an estimated time of arrival ETA 1 Page 2 Project Description 2 1 PERSONNEL Karl Banks CpE kBanks knights ucf edu Chris Dorros CpE CDorros knights ucf edu Monica Nguyen EE Monica Nguyen knights ucf edu Tyler Zaino CpE TZaino knights ucf edu 2 2 PROJECT MOTIVATION The University of Central Florida is the second largest University in the nation consisting of more than 56 000 students On campus personal vehicles and provided shuttles are the two main methods of transportation There is limited parking and the University is constantly expanding its buildings parking garages and parking lots Parking during prime hours of the day is very hard to come by and at times can take over half an hour to find a spot The University has provided a complimentar
155. microcontroller has non volatile program and data memories Some special additional features that the controller has are a power on reset and programmable brown out detection It also offers an internal calibrated oscillator external and internal interrupt sources and six different sleep modes The ATmega2560 offers 86 programmable 1 0 lines as well as a 100 lead package 36 Page Table 5 ATmega Port D Alternative Functions with permission from atmel com Port Pin Alternate Function PD7 TO Timer Counter0 Clock Input PD6 T4 Timer Countert Clock Input PDS XCK1 USART1 External Clock Input Output PD4 ICP1 Timer Counter1 Input Capture Trigger PD3 INT3 TXD1 External Interrupt3 Input or USART1 Transmit Pin PD2 INT2 RXD1 External Interrupt2 Input or USART1 Receive Pin PD1 INT1 SDA External Interrupt Input or TWI Serial DAta PDO INTO SCL External InterruptO Input or TWI Serial CLock The main port section that will be used is Port D PDO PD7 Port D is an 8 bit bi directional I O port with internal pull up resistors Port D s output buffer have symmetrical drive characteristic with both high sink and source capability When Port D s pins are used as inputs the pull up resistors are activated due to the low pull of the source current The table for Port D s alternative function can be seen in Table 5 above An extensive block diagram and functionality of the ATmega2560 can also be seen in Figure 30 below PF7
156. mobile tracking devices would require a large amount of time for the team designing this project mainly due to limited resources and hand soldering the PCB board As stated earlier in the document if UCF decides to adapt the design to allow for the tracking of all shuttle buses it would be the most cost effective and reliable solution to allow for the TTS team to continue to product the software and PCB boards while allowing UCF personnel or a third party group to create the tracking device enclosures and install the antenna systems 134 Page 11 2 FINANCING Financing for the project was provided by UCF under the sponsorship of David Norvell Director of Sustainability and Energy Management for the University of Central Florida The University of Central Florida would like to know the location of buses at all times for management purposes as well as bus route optimizations By carefully monitoring and scheduling shuttle buses energy can be conserved and emissions can be reduced This system also brings upon huge positive impacts to the budget of the university through the students use of the shuttle transportation system If students are able to view the current location of the next bus for their route they are more likely to ride the bus since they will have a better estimate of the time of arrival Additionally UCF shuttle management will be able to better ensure that the buses arrive on time providing the students with a very reliable a
157. mply going to make sure that throughout the shuttles route it maintains its 12 volts of power 114 Page Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Ensure the Cigarette Lighter is Producing Enough Power Test Description The cigarette light must provide 10 volts of power throughout the shuttles entire route Test Conditions A multi meter will be connected to the shuttle s cigarette lighter and the voltage of its output will be tested for the duration of the shuttles entire route Expected Results The cigarette lighter should provide a consistent power source of 10 volts Once it is confirmed that the shuttle is able to provide enough power to the system during the entire route it s now time to test to ensure the system unit is converting this power properly This was done in a similar method as Test Objective 1 but this time the unit was connected to the cigarette lighter The power was then tested from the micro controller board to ensure that not only is the shuttle providing enough power but the micro controller is converting this power correctly for usage Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Ensure the Power From the Cigarette Light is Converted Properly Test Description The cigarette light converter must provide 5 volts of power throughout the shuttles entire route Test Conditions A multi meter will be connected to the hardware unit s cigarette lighter converter and the voltage of its
158. n in commercial products http arduino cc en Main FAQ 2 3 A 26 Page 12 4 2010 How can I run the Arduino IDE under Linux Can I program the Arduino board in C Can I use a different IDE to program the Arduino board Can I use an Arduino board without the Arduino software Can I use the Arduino software with other AVR boards Where is the troubleshooting section Share Arduino FAQ In all cases the exact requirements are determined by the applicable license Additionally see the previous question for information about the use of the name Arduino See instructions for Ubuntu Linux for Debian Linux for Gentoo Linux for Linux or for Linux on PPC This this forum thread has more information Or you can use Arduino from the In fact you already are the Arduino language is merely a set of C C functions that can be called from your code Your sketch undergoes minor changes e g automatic generation of function prototypes and then is passed directly to a C C compiler avr g All standard C and C constructs supported by avr g should work in Arduino For more details see the page on the Arduino build process It is possible to compile programs for the Arduino using other build tools e g Makefiles and or AVR Studio You ll need to configure these to link against the appropriate files in the Arduino core libraries See the description of the Arduino build process Sure It s just an
159. nates then this means that the device is not properly receiving data from the satellites and needs to be examined for a defect Also bouncing coordinates could cause a real headache when they are updated into the database for the web server to use This is because within the web server there exists code that will auto align the coordinates to fit to the route Therefore if in the event a shuttle is stopped and sitting at a boundary of two spots on the map the bouncing will cause the bus to be updated each time moving back and forth between the two positions Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Receiving the consistent coordinates from the GPS Test Description This test is to ensure that the GPS is transmitting consistent longitude and latitude coordinates Test Conditions The GPS is to remain stationary during the entire duration of the test The test will run for ten minutes Expected Results The output of the GPS will be the current coordinates of the transmitter If the GPS device is configured properly then the coordinates should be relatively close to each other The next step once the GPS is confirmed to be in working condition by correctly outputting consistent coordinates was to submit the device to stimuli The stimulant the GPS is subject the most often is movement This movement will be caused by the shuttles moving along its route The GPS needs to be able to handle this movement while still staying
160. nd attractive service Increased student usage of the shuttle system leads to less cars on campus meaning less parking lots and garages that need to be built and maintained With environmental issues a pressing topic in today s society any chance to improve energy costs is very beneficial Overall the system aims to greatly reduce cost for the university while providing a highly reliable service for the students 12 Project Milestone Schedule Designing of this system of this magnitude takes careful planning This ensures that deadlines are met as well as no parts of the design are overlooked The journey began with defining a project Here is where a problem was taken and a solution began to be developed The next phase was the research This is where the means of creating that solution was being discovered At this stage the project took many different directions based on the findings of the research If an initial idea became illogical based on research a new idea was created This is also where the types of hardware and software to be used were chosen The next step was the designing of the system This is where the project started to take the shape Here the software and hardware were looked at closer and the basic skeleton of the project was created Next a prototype was developed This is where the design was created into a physical unit This unit was important because it can then be tested so bugs can be fixed before the true build occur
161. nd conditions Lest reviewed September 2010 analog com en content fca html 3 3 A 13 Page A 2 1 6 Digi The following boxed in text states that one must not reproduce the content from the Digi website for commercial purposes or for profit Since this is a non profit educational project the images reproduced do not violate these terms A 14 Page 4 29 2011 Digi International Authorized Use Policy Contactus ehone Emal chat each AID SaN Solutions iDigi Services Products Learning Center Support About us How to buy a i Making Wireless M2M Easy WaveForum Products Experts Answers S Home gt Legal gt Authorized Use Policy Digi International Inc Authorized Use Policy Authorized Use Policy Privacy Policy DMCA Statement ons 1 Digi shall mean Digi International Inc 2 Digi Site shall mean a website or portal that is owned by Digi The term Digi Site includes 1 Service or Services which shall mean the technology by which a person Uses a Digi Site and the technology by which Content is provided 2 Content shall mean the digital information transmitted by a Digi site including 1 Materials shall mean data documents text images graphics audio videos web pages webcasts products software code or associated documentation 2 Site Design which includes i the design of a Digi site page or Service ii the html or other software code that
162. ners A 1 Page A 2 1 1 SparkFun 12 4 2010 Contact SparkFun Electronics Contact SparkFun Electronics 6175 Longbow Drive Suite 200 Boulder CO 80301 We do not have a store front You must place your order online before you can pick up an order Our offices are open Monday through Friday 9AM to SPM MST GMT 7 For technical questions about a specific product please see our Technical Assistance page You can also converse in real time with SparkFun employees and customers using IRC by connecting to irc freenode net and joining the sparkfun channel We do not take phone or email orders Please feel free to order online at any time For problems with an order or shipment please email customerservice sparkfun com If you have an urgent inquiry you may also contact us directly at 1 303 284 0979 No phone orders please For help with technical issues using the SparkFun website please email website sparkfun com Product Photos SparkFun product photos may be used without permission for educational purposes research papers school projects etc However permission must be granted for commercial use and proper credit to SparkFun must be given For inquiries about the use of our product photos or permission to use them please contact marketing sparkfun com Purchase Orders For established Net30 customers Use our website to create the order choosing Purchase Order as the payment type at checkout Once your order has been su
163. ngineering students of the University of Central Florida in the spring of 2009 as their Senior Design Project This section will also cover an AVL design that was developed by the National University of Sciences and Technology Lastly this section will discuss the overall general design of AVL systems that are developed and sold by companies in today s modern day 3 2 1 Previous Senior Design Project A preceding bus tracking system known as the GPS Shuttle Tracking and Notification System was developed for the University of Central Florida The tracking system was used to inform users of the University s Gold and Black routes how long it would be until the next shuttle arrival The University s Gold and Black routes which are the two routes that go around campus only are two of several bus routes available to students The tracking system used a GPS device and several radio frequency modems which relayed the shuttles location to a central station that would then calculate the unit s estimated time of arrival Once the ETA was calculated the information would be sent to a solar powered kiosk sign located at the bus stops 3 2 1 1 Design Each bus unit utilized a Garmin GPS as well as a XTend RF modem to collect and transmit data Each shuttle s GPS tracking unit was powered by the 12V cigarette lighter adapter onboard each bus The XTend RF modem that was chosen was a 900MHz modem that could be programmed to act as either and transce
164. nsmitting packets while moving around the line of sight of the receiver The test will resume until an arbitrarily large amount of data is passed Expected Results The packets must be transmitted and received by both devices without experiencing any data loss At this point of the testing it is determined that the transmitters and receivers are able to communicate with each other when being subjected to movement Unfortunately the communication hardware will not always be in the line of sight with each other This next test was to determine how the devices would react when the transmitters were subjected to obstructions These obstructions can include trees buildings and hills To test this situation the transmitters would now be sending packets consistently while moving in and out of the previously listed obstructions Once the test is complete the receiver should be accountable for all the packets transmitted Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Transmitting Data Near obstructions Test Description The transmitters and receivers must be able to pass data along while the transmitter is passing through obstructions Test Conditions Both the receiver and the transmitter will be connected to a computer This transmitter will be located in a car to simulate the movement of a shuttle The transmitter will then be transmitting packets while moving around in and out of the line of sight of the receiver by passing throug
165. nstead Okay Xxxxxx for Arduino products that work with official Arduino boards e g shields or kits Xxxxxx Arduino Compatible variations and clones which are software and hardware compatible Note that while we don t attempt to restrict uses of the duino suffix its use causes the Italians on the team to cringe apparently it sounds terrible you might want to avoid it It s also trademarked by a Hungarian company Yes with the following conditions Physically embedding an Arduino board inside a commercial product does not require you to disclose or open source any information about its design Deriving the design of a commercial product from the Eagle files for an Arduino board requires you to release the modified files under the same Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike license You may manufacture and sell the resulting product Using the Arduino core and libraries for the firmware of a commercial product does not require you to release the source code for the firmware The LGPL does however require you to make available object files that allow for the relinking of the firmware against updated versions of the Arduino core and libraries Any modifications to the core and libraries must be released under the LGPL The source code for the Arduino environment is covered by the GPL which requires any modifications to be open sourced under the same license It does not prevent the sale of derivative software or its inclusio
166. ntact Us Investor Relations News Center Corporate Citizenship Careers Tags my TI Login All Searches Site Map Copyright 1995 2010 Texas Instruments Incorporated All rights reserved Trademarks Privacy Policy Terms of Use ti com corp docs legal termsofuse shtm 2 2 A 4 Page A 2 1 3 Atmel 472972011 Atmel Corporation About Legal ATMEL default aspx Atmel Corporation s Legal Notices e Overmew Aboutilegal aspx o Trademark Usage Guidelines Aboutitrademark usage aspx e Trademark List About trademark list aspx Q PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY The information and documentation Materials provided via this website by Atmel Corp oration Atmel is a courtesy to tts valued customers and prospective customers and may be used for limited purposes only subject to the terms and conditions Terms below By accessing downloading copying printing or otherwise using any information contained herein you affirmatively agree to these Terms in their entirety If you do not agree to these Terms please exit this website now Q LIMITED LICENSE TO ATMEL S MATERIALS Materials from this web site www atmel com and any other website owned operated or controlled by Atmel and or its affiliated or subsidiary companies together Atmel are owned and copyrighted by Atmel Unauthorized use of such Materials e g information documentation and software including these Te
167. ntil the system is able to run consistently for two days without any errors being thrown 117 Page Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Base System Testing Test Description The system must be able to collect data from the hardware transmit it to the base station interpret the data and display it for the users to see Test Conditions The test will run for a course of two days After the period is completed problems will be fixed and the test will run again This cycle will continue until the system can last for the entire duration without experiencing any errors Expected Results The entire system must operate for a long period of time without experiencing any errors This next test was used to manipulate the system to evaluate how it would react This would test to see how the system will react to a shuttle going out of the predetermined area of usage Since a shuttle as not be available to perform this a hardware unit would be installed in a car The car was then be driven out of the area and then back in while noting the affect it has on the system Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Forcing a Shuttle Out of the Predetermined Area Test Description The system must be able to handle a shuttle being driven out of the predetermined area of the system Test Conditions The test will be run by placing a hardware unit into a car The car will then be driven out of the predetermined area of the
168. ntranet via Ethernet connection 5 4 2 Web Server Hardware Configuration The Web Server stores and retrievesretrieve the latest tracking data for the shuttle buses from its local database It then displaysdisplay the objects positions on a web based map for serving to clients This hardware is highly dependent on the number of requests for the tracking site by users therefore this server may require upgrades in the future if user loads increase drastically The recommended minimum hardware specifications and configurations assuming a moderate load of UCF employees and students are listed below e 2 gigahertz GHz 32 bit x86 or 64 bit x64 processor e 4 gigabytes GBs of random access memory RAM e 40 gigabyte GB hard drive serial ATA SATA or newer interface e Universal serial bus USB 2 0 interface e 100 megabits per second Mbps IEEE 802 3 Ethernet interface e Must be connected to the UCF intranet via Ethernet connection e Internet connection download bandwidth of 5 Mbps e Internet connection upload bandwidth of 5 Mbps 5 4 3 Client Workstation Minimum Hardware Configuration A client workstation or desktop laptop computer is the intended viewing medium for the tracking system While the system is web based and can be viewed on almost any device with web access the majority of the users will be UCF employees monitoring the buses that will use desktop laptop computers The recommended minimum hardware specifications and
169. nvenient and short enough to be quickly sent back to campus The code then packages this data and sends it out the interface to the RF modem via serial communication The Arduino microcontroller development platform was chosen for this project This set of development tools greatly improved efficiency during the development stage of the project due to the code s familiar C like syntax extensive library of interface functions and large developer base A logical view of the microcontroller code required for the mobile tracking device is shown in Figure 39 below Microcontroller Code Mobile Tracking Device GPS amp Accelerometer Data RF Modem to Data Collection and Presentation Interface amp Conversion Client Location Packaging Interface Retrieval Figure 39 Micro controller Code 53 Page 6 2 1 Bootloader The microcontroller will be fitted with a modified Arduino bootloader which will run before the TTS code starts The decision to include a bootloader is one that will greatly enhance the usability of the device Standard microcontroller code uploads consist of a proprietary in system programmer device which attaches from a computer to the microcontroller through a special set of header pins on the PCB board This allows the developer to flash the firmware onto the device Since the TTS tracking device will be secured in an enclosure this would required the customer to take apart the device in order to
170. o account the system under a heavy load of packets This heavy load on the system will be tested by using an arbitrarily large amount of simulated packets being fed through the unpacking portion of the code To ensure that the system is working as expected the sample input is only going to include packets that are error free This is done to eliminate the other factors affecting the functionality that will be covered in later tests Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Unpacking Error Free Data Test Description A simulated sample of data will be passed through the code This data will be holding the longitude and latitude locations of a certain shuttle This data must be unpacked and sorted to be used in other sections of code Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets to simulate standard conditions Expected Results The code should unpack the coordinates and group it the with bus number provided without any errors so it can be passed on to other sections of code The output of the test is a pair of valid coordinates bounded with its corresponding shuttle id 89 Page This test case was covering the scenario that the transmitter returns a longitude or latitude coordinate outside the predetermined range in which the buses are assumed to be traveling This procedure takes place in the unpacking stage of the data acquisition software The purpose of this is to ensure that the
171. o the computer database workstation The last method and not highly used type of passive data transfer is by the use of a 900MHz signal where information is normally received within 300ft from the computer base An example of a passive memory stick device can be seen in Figure 8 below trackstick Figure 8 Trackstick Mini GPS Data Logger Memory Stick With permission from mightygps com Once all the passive data is collected and available on the computer database the information is then compiled and used Typically the data is used to populate a digitalized map of where the monitoring unit s data is displayed and the path that the vehicle took during that days tracking period The practicality of a passive tracking system is not ideal as it only gives the historical information about the monitored unit 3 2 3 2 Dynamic Design In general when monitoring an electrical utility fleet a dynamic approach is preferred and recommended As using a dynamic approach to transferring data allows for real time monitoring of a fleet There are three general approaches to recording and transferring data dynamically for an AVL system The location of a monitored unit will be obtained by the same means as found passively where all methods will retrieve their location by the use of a GPS location Dynamic data transferring of data is done by forwarding a vehicles position data over a communication network to a computer in one of three timing approaches e
172. ogle Maps or Earth may not be used as a core part of printed navigational content such as tour books maps etc without express permission Limited use such as a single page in a promotional booklet for a shopping district is acceptable if it fits within the general guidelines described above Basis for contractors or environmental consultants reports Conforming with the general guidelines above if the analysis of the scene in question has been created using Google Maps or Earth you may use the Content in printed materials You may not extract Content for derivative uses that do not relate to the products such as for further editing within another drafting desktop publishing or GIS application e Demonstration of product use Showing the use of Google Maps or Earth is acceptable with proper attribution as described above Such cases might include a tutorial on using the product a news article or an example of your API implementation e Academic use Publication of Content in a thesis published peer reviewed article etc is subject to the applicable product terms of service and these guidelines including the discussion of fair use as described above Please do not request that we grant you explicit permission or ask us whether your case qualifies as fair use as we are unable to do so Individual printouts for private use Google Maps and Google Earth have built in print functionalities You may print Content from these
173. ollection amp Processing Server via a serial connection 6 3 1 Parameter Configuration To configure the parameters used to modify the behavior of the RF modems the command line based AT commands are be used The RF modems are configured by connecting them to a computer via a serial interface opening a serial interface terminal window and issuing the AT commands to the modem The detailed instructions for this procedure are outlined in the User Manual section of this document 6 4 DATA COLLECTION amp PROCESSING SERVER After the data is received by the RF modem at the campus it is transferred via serial connection to the Data Collection server This server hosts the Digi X CTU software which allows for management diagnostics and data retrieval of the RF modem devices Custom software is written to separate and parse the input data strip down the information and convert it to a format useable in Google maps This data is then inputted by the custom software to a database holding all recent tracking data This allows for the web application code to access the data and present it to the user A logical view of the software for data collection and processing is shown in Figure 41 below 60 Page Bus Tracker Web Location Data from Collection Microcontroller Code and Processing Database Application Server side Bus Tracker Web Application Client side Figure 41 Data Collection and Presentation
174. ollowing activities i You will only make Your Content available unless You have the right to do so 2 Your Content will not contain material or items that are unlawful harmful threatening abusive tortious defamatory libelous vulgar obscene child pornographic lewd profane invasive of another s privacy hateful or racially ethnically or otherwise objectionable 3 You will not stalk intimidate and or harass another 4 You will not incite others to commit violence 5 You will not harm minors in any way 6 You will not impersonate any person or entity or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent Your affiliation with a person or entity Date posted April 6 2011 Legal ems amp Conditions Contact Us Careers Site Map Feedback Copyright 1996 2011 Digi International Inc All rights reserved BEG digi com legal authorized_use_policy jsp 2 2 A 16 Page A 3 Screenshot Permissions The following includes permissions either emails or legal notices for any screenshots taken of software being used in the project Since these are screenshots by the team of software that is obtained by purchase or through free use licensing the legal guidelines are different from a reprinted figure or table Each image throughout the document has subtext denoting that it is a screenshot taken with permission from the owner company These are the permissions from the owners A 3 1 1 Microsoft 12 4 2010 Use of Micro
175. ot be used for these purposes Non profits or educational institutions may apply for a grant for Google Earth Pro Licensing Google offers a content license for video display of Content such as TV film or concert backdrop Please contact us with information about your proposed use so we can process accordingly To expedite the process please include a clip or a mock of your proposed use in context demonstrating proper attribution as described above Remember that in no case can we allow you to display our Content without on screen attribution at the time it s shown and that end credits are insufficient e Ifa TV use show in context with any chyrons lower thirds network bugs or other on screen graphics that will appear at the same time e Ifa film use describe or demonstrate the precise use and clarify whether the imagery will be shown full screen or as part of a scene such as on a computer screen e If another use such as public display photograph or mock up the scene so we can be assured that attribution will be reasonably apparent to the audience If your proposed offline use of Google Maps or Google Earth is limited in scope the concept of fair use may apply As explained above we cannot help you determine whether your use is fair use Web Software Screenshots use in your site If you want to use Content from Google Maps Google Earth Street View etc on your website embed it within the site rather than uploading sc
176. output will be tested for the duration of the shuttles entire route Expected Results The cigarette lighter converter should provide a consistent power source of 5 volts The most important test dealing with power is how the system responds to power loss This power failure could come from different situations such as the bus being turned off as it waits for students to board In the event that this occurs the system not only needed to be able to handle this power loss but it also had to be able to recover quickly once power was restored so it can continue to transmit data This scenario did not need to be tested directly on the shuttle instead it can be done with any supply voltage that meets the system unit s power specifications 115 Page Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Losing Power to the Hardware Unit Test Description The hardware unit must be able to handle a loss in power and still function once the power is restored Test Conditions This test does not have to occur on a shuttle The hardware unit must be connected to a power source The power must then be cut for thirty seconds and then it will be restored This test will occur multiple times over a course of an hour Expected Results The hardware unit must be able to lose power and still be able to operate once power is restored 9 2 9 Final Hardware System Evaluation The hardware is the starting point of the Transit Tra
177. ove Distinctive aspects include but are not limited to Maps Please note particular country specific restrictions on our Legal Notices page e Satellite with labels sometimes known as hybrid maps example A standard satellite View example is not distinctive e My Maps which you can use to add lines shapes and points to any map view e Maps with search results example or a search result info bubble example e Driving walking transit directions Earth e Views of hilly terrain e 3D buildings e Paths and polygons google com geoguidelines html 3 5 A 22 Page 12 4 2010 Google Permissions 2009 Google rae Acceptable use Satellite view with Labels is Unacesptible use Plain satellite content is distinctive and recognizable as a Google not distinctive and not recognizable as a product You may use with proper credit as Google product It may not be used as described above and demonstrated here illustration in print We do not distinguish between non profit and for profit uses of our Content If the view you show of our Content is not distinctive you may not use this Content We cannot license the rights to use of satellite Content in standalone use but we can recommend a Google search for satellite imagery for purchase to suit your needs Specific use cases We are often asked about the use of our products for these use cases Guidebooks and other navigational publications Content from Go
178. pen source The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C C microcontroller libraries are under the LGPL You can buy an Arduino board from one of the distributors listed on the buy page If you d prefer to build your own see the Arduino Single Sided Serial board which can be easily etched and assembled Most of the official Arduino boards are manufactured by SmartProjects in Italy The Arduino Pro Pro Mini and Lily Pad are manufactured by SparkFun Electronics a US company The Arduino Nano is manufactured by Gravitech also a US company The official Arduino boards are the ones listed on the hardware page the Duemilanove Nano Mega Bluetooth BT Lily Pad Mini Pro Pro Mini and a few older models along with the Ethernet XBee motor and prototyping shields These are boards whose manufacturers work with the Arduino team to ensure a good user experience compatibility with the Arduino software and a quality product In return for their status as official boards the manufacturers pay a licensing fee to the Arduino team to support the further development of the project In general we try to restrict use of the name Arduino to the official boards If you find a product under a different name but described as Arduino compatible it s probably not an http arduino cc en Main FAQ 1 3 A 25 Page 12 4 2010 I want to design my own board what should I do What should I call my boards
179. perform any required firmware updates for bug fixes or feature enhancement Additionally the user would have to own this proprietary device and be trained on how to use it and its accompanying software properly To avoid this constraint and make it much easier for the customer an modified Arduino bootloader has been developed for the tracking device The modified bootloader consists of a standard Arduino ATmega bootloader with the addition of a 10 second delay during startup to allow for firmware updates The standard Arduino bootloader does not include this delay since it assumes an auto reset functionality is built into the electrical circuit that connects a special pin on the RS 232 interface to the reset interface of the microcontroller Since this auto reset functionality is not implemented in the TTS design to maintain simplicity and decrease cost the delay during startup circumvents this issue The bootloader is flashed onto the microcontroller during the TTS manufacturing process and is a one step process All subsequent TTS firmware loads whether conducted by the TTS team or the customer will be done through the RS 232 interface and during the 10 second boot up delay 6 2 2 UML Diagrams This section includes Unified Modeling Language UML diagrams which pictorially describe the software architecture and connections of the microcontroller code 54 Page main PS Accelerometer RE Modem
180. pliers In no circumstance do we approve of any use of Content without proper attribution Requests for exceptions will not be answered Attribution is the line s shown on the bottom of the Content in the products along with copyright notices such as 2009 Google Map Data 2009 Tele Atlas The exact text of the attribution changes based on geography and Content type The attribution text must be legible to the average viewer or reader The automatically generated Google logo and attribution text may only be removed or obstructed if reintroduced in a visible form elsewhere within the Content In print use if for some reason attribution cannot be placed within the Content separate attribution text must be provided directly adjacent to the Content In video attribution must appear on screen for the entire duration the Content is displayed we cannot approve requests to move attribution to end credits Below is a demonstration on where to find attribution in Earth and Maps google com geoguidelines html 1 5 A 20 Page 12 4 2010 Google Permissions ae New York 2 2009 Europa Technologies Image 2009 Sanborn 2009 Google Goyogle Gray ae 2008 Sanborn a A T RS 56 59 88 W 7 2 mEye alt 19 92 km Kd w T i ek AO moe ou F TV Film Public Display Generating videos Use of Content in offline video requires purchase of Google Earth Pro for exporting videos Screen captures of the free version of Google Earth may n
181. plished in this project and that will be the basis for the major design decisions The sections are separated by the major research areas for the sections of the project 6 Page 3 1 1 Tracking Data Communication Methods Many methods for transmitting the tracking data from the shuttle buses back to the campus exist The choice of this communication method is an important one as it greatly impacts the reliability cost and performance of the design After surveying the possible technologies and protocols those that best fit the requirements of the design were chosen and are discussed in this section 3 1 1 1 Radio Frequency Use of radio frequency RF communication systems rely on established radio frequencies to transmit data from the vehicles back to the base station They consist of two basic components a radio modem and an antenna The radio modem takes in a digital input signal usually a serial connection and converts it to an analog radio frequency signal This signal is outputted with very high power through the antenna The receiving antenna captures the signal and transmits it to the receiving radio modem This radio modem essentially does the opposite of the transmitting modem That is it converts the received analog signal to a digital signal usually a serial connection Typically RF communication modems operate in the Very High Frequency VHF Ultra High Frequency UHF frequency ranges and use either licensed or unlicensed
182. posed and removed 92 Page Test Objective 3 Test Objective 3 Importing data with coordinates that lie outside the range of the system Test Description A simulated sample of data will be fed through the code This data will be checked to ensure that the coordinates lie within the systems boundaries If the coordinates lie beyond the limit it will be tossed out of the system Test Conditions The software will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets A random amount of packets will contain a longitude or latitude coordinate that will lie outside of the system s physical boundary Expected Results The code should check each coordinate in the packet to ensure that it lies within the system If the coordinate lies outside the system the entire packet should be tossed If they packet is correct it should be retained The output of the test is the created objects of all the packets that contain valid coordinates As tested previously the entire system must be able to accept and interpret packets that contain an empty coordinate slot The purpose of this case is to make sure that these invalid packets do not go beyond the data processing phase Based on the design of the software of this phase this issue will be detected in the unpacking code and from there the packet will be disposed so it does not be made into an object and put into the database Testing this case on the entire unit will ensure
183. r other news reports visit the Microsoft PressPass Image Gallery You may use any of the images found on the PressPass Web site as long as you adhere to the guidelines provided on the PressPass site Top of Page microsoft com About Default aspx 2 3 A 18 Page 12 4 2010 Use of Microsoft Copyrighted Content Redistributing Software If your License Terms do not grant redistribution rights for a particular software file and you need assistance with your software visit the Microsoft Help and Support page For software downloads unless expressly permitted in the accompanying License Terms or End User License Agreement EULA Microsoft does not allow redistribution You may link to the download page but not directly to the download from your product or Web site If you experience technical difficulties visit the Product Solution Center and select the product in question If the customer does not have Internet access Microsoft may provide a CD Call 425 882 8080 and ask to speak with a Product Support Services representative For Windows Internet Explorer or any of its components review the information regarding use and redistribution rights at the Internet Explorer home page or the Internet Explorer Administration Kit IEAK home page The IEAK allows a minimal silent install of Internet Explorer If you have questions regarding the IEAK send an e mail message to ieak microsoft com Top of Page Reprinting Book Excerpts Art
184. r that was chosen was the Texas Instruments PT78HT205H which converts the shuttles 12V to a smooth and steady 5V DC As all the components of the shuttle module are rated to run at 5V DC The microcontroller that was chosen was the ATmega2560 The ATmega2560 was chosen due to the fact that it has four serial input output ports which are essential for the interfacing of parts for the TTS design An actual picture of the ATmega2560 can be seen in Figure 17 below A detailed explanation of how the microcontroller is exactly interfaced and why it was interfaced the way it is will be covered in a later section Figure 17 ATmega2560 Micro Controller with permission from sparkfun com The GPS that was chosen was the EM 406A SiRF Ill by USGlobalSat The GPS is a 20 channel receiver that includes on board voltage regulation LED status indicator battery backed RAM a 6 pin interface cable and a built in patch antenna The GPS was chosen due to the built in patch antenna as to help minimize entities on the board An actual picture of the EM 406A GPS module can be seen in Figure 18 26 Page Figure 18 EM 406A GPS Module with permission from sparkfun com The RF modem that was chosen was the XTend 900 1W RPSMA which can be programmed to act as either a transceiver or receiver A 9OOMHz receiver was chosen due to the range capabilities that are permissible The RF modem was also chosen due to its low power user friendly and coverage range
185. r web browser Conversely server side languages are used to write code that is compiled at the server before it reaches the client s machine This is very advantageous as it opens up an opportunity to use much greater logic that is not possible with client side languages Client side code is still needed to display web pages in the client s web browser thus server side code generates client side code based on requests sent from the client s computer and sends it back to the client A request is simply information sent from a client to a server demanding a response based on that information Because of this relationship server side languages can be thought of as dynamic whereas client side languages are static A list of the most commonly used client side and server side website programming languages are provided in Table 4 Table 4 Common Client Side Website Programming Languages Client Side Server Side e AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and e ASP Active Server Pages XML e NET Dot NET e CSS Cascading Style Sheets e PHP PHP Hypertext e Flash Preprocessor e HTML Hypertext Markup Language e JavaScript To exemplify this relationship consider a scenario in which a user must log in to a website The user browses the site in his her web browser where they are presented with a graphical interface containing some text and a form he she must fill out and submit This interface is fully scripted in HTML
186. ral Acquisition Regulations or the similar acquisition regulations of other applicable U S Government organizations COMPLIANCE WITH LAW AND EXPORT CONTROLS This ADI site is operated from our offices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States of America Since ADI controls and operates the Site from the United States the Materials and Services on this Site are subject to United States export control laws and regulations By using this Site You represent and warrant that i You are not listed on any sanctioned party list including but not limited to the U S Commerce Department s Table of Denial Orders the U S Treasury Department s lists of specially designated nationals the U S State Department s list of Debarred Parties or otherwise denied the privilege of participating in transactions involving the export of U S origin products and services ii You are not located in a country that is subject to embargo by the United States currently Cuba Iran North Korea Sudan Syria iii You are not engaged directly or indirectly in the design development production stockpiling or use of nuclear chemical or biological weapons or missiles and iv unless prior authorization is obtained from the appropriate government agency You will not 1 knowingly re export the technical data received by you to any destination or 2 export the direct product of the technical data directly or indirectly to a country listed in Country Gro
187. rator Units COU the Client Centre Workstation 15 Page CCW and the Communication Hardware The COU utilized two low cost microcontrollers a GPS and a radio frequency transceiver The information from the automobile unit would be transferred to the CCW where the information received would be broken down and displayed on the geo referenced digitalized map 3 2 2 1 Design A COU was placed on each unit and the speed direction as well as the location of the automobile within a 10Km radius of the CCW that could be viewed on a digitalized map that was created A RS232 serial interface was needed for both the GPS and RF transceiver Therefore the use of two microcontrollers was needed due to the fact that each microcontroller used had only one serial port The two microcontrollers that was used for each tracking module was the ATmega328 The block diagram of the National University of Sciences and Technology s AVL tracking system can be seen in Figure 6 below Beet Operator Unit nc as mg GPs pC GPs rr RF RF Jua Edid xX A A Figure 6 Block Diagram of AVL System The Client Unit Board CUB that was developed acted as a filter between the GPS and RF transceiver The general design entailed a GPS that interfaced to the first microcontrollers serial port The first microcontroller transfers the filtered data to the second microcontroller Once the second microcontroller receives the filtered information
188. re tested to see if the packet is containing two valid coordinates within the system s physical boundary and also a check to ensure that both the longitude and latitude coordinates were accounted for The system boundary check was to ensure that if a glitch in the GPS device occurs and passes an incorrect coordinate to the data processor that it doesn t make its way to the web server for it to be printed on the map If the packet is missing a coordinate due to a glitch it too cannot be passed further into the system By doing so it is subjecting the web server to an 61 Page error that it might not be able to handle By checking for both of these errors before they enter deeper into the system prevented unnecessary reads and writes to the database as well as preventing incorrect shuttle updates to the web server The final phase of the data collection and processor is how it moves the usable data out of the program and into the other sections of the software design This is done by storing the information into a database The database then keeps the information organized so it can be accessed by the web server This means that the data processor was consistently accessing the database to write to it The importance to having the data organized comes largely into play here This is because there was existing information in the database so essentially each time the data processor writes to it the data was updated This means that the shuttle id is
189. reenshots This means the Content will be loaded directly from Google s servers and will automatically have appropriate attribution Please go to Add Google Maps to your webpage to learn more about embedding our APIs and more You can also use and embed My Maps to put pins lines and other annotations on a map No permission is required for any embedded use you must only follow the product terms of service The one exception is if you re demonstrating use of the product such as with a tutorial or a news article about the product and embedding is impossible in which case screenshots with appropriate attribution are acceptable google com geoguidelines html 2 5 A 21 Page 12 4 2010 Google Permissions Use in a limited access site To use our Content within a site that charges a fee or is otherwise restricted such as a company intranet you must use the Google Maps API Premier Non profit or educational institutions may apply for a grant Links to Google Maps or Google Earth No permission is necessary to link to our products from your own website or software We appreciate you sending visitors our way However please do not use Google logos as links Online video You do not need permission to create and display video created from Google Maps or Google Earth in a video whether hosted on your own site or through a service such as YouTube You must purchase a copy of Google Earth Pro if exporting motion video because screen cap
190. ription of each 65 Page Table 15 Data Processing Function Descriptions Function Name Inputs Output Description GetConnectionString connName String Retrieves the database connection parameters from the XML configuration file dbConnect none MySqlConnection Creates and returns the connection to the database getinput none void Retrieves the data packets from the Serial Port parselnput input void Parses and Validates the data packet dbWrite b void Writes the validated data to the database 6 5 DATABASE The MySQL database uses six tables to store all necessary information for the TTS Tables beare used to store the bus info bus status route info route path bus stop info and administration data The database stores the data received from the RF modems via the data processing server Web administrators also have the ability to modify data in the database They beare able to add remove routes add remove bus stops and set the status active inactive of the buses routes and bus stops This management beis done through a password protected interface in the web application The database itself is also encrypted and not available to the public for access 6 5 1 Software Configuration The bus status table bewas created to store the real time bus information including columns for ID latitudinal coordinates longitudinal coordinates accelerometer data and last t
191. rms may be a violation of Atmel s intellectual property rights or other applicable laws If you agree to these Terms you may download on a single computer copy or print a single copy of all or a portion of the Materials for informational non commercial lawful purposes only You may distribute free copies of the documentation available at this website only to customers and prospective customers of Atmel s products Any other distribution to third parties is strictly prohibited unless you obtain the prior written consent of Atmel You may not modify in any way any of the Materials contained herein or delete or modify any of Atmel s copyright trademark or other proprietary notices Unauthorized commercial use of these Materials includes without limitation public display performance sale or rental This Limited License as well as the Materials are non transferable and does not give you any title or intellectual property rights to the Materials You may not decompile disassemble reverse engineer or otherwise convert Atmel s software Materials except and only to the extent permitted by law TERMINATION OF THIS LICENSE Apel et you may terminate is Limited License at any time You may terminate this agreement simply by destroying all autflegal aspx A 5 Page M 94as bbtamed from this or any other Atvavhel bsaeratiameBhent tdiegatate this agreement immediately without notice for any reason Upon such termination you must destroy all
192. rovides a compilation of artwork See the use terms for the description of permitted uses If those terms do not meet your needs our Clip Art partners at Office Online provide a variety of images you can license directly In the absence of language to the contrary in the License Agreement Sample Art which includes images customarily found in the sample folders within Microsoft operating systems may be used for personal use only You may not sell lease or distribute Sample Art or any materials you create that use Sample images for any commercial purposes Top of Page Donations of Product If you are part of a nonprofit organization and are seeking a donation of software or software licenses from Microsoft to your organization visit Microsoft Community Affairs Top of Page Fonts Use the free Font properties extension to determine who owns a font that Microsoft distributes A number of Microsoft fonts may be licensed from Ascender Corporation These include Verdana Georgia Comic Sans MS Microsoft Sans Serif Nina Tahoma Wingdings Webdings and Trebuchet MS For more information regarding fonts and for links to font vendors visit the Microsoft Typography Web site Top of Page Game Content For questions regarding the use of content related to Xbox and Games for Windows garres visit Game Content Usage Rules For information about the use of Xbox content go to Xbox com Top of Page Maps Visit Bing Maps for infor
193. rt data from the hardware on the shuttles to the software at the base station the transmitting and receiving hardware must be tested thoroughly to ensure that certain conditions do not hinder their functionality 9 2 7 1 Test Cases For the purpose of the system the transmitters and the receiver needed to be able to communicate regardless of the state of the transmitting devices This means that when the transmitters are moving along the routes on the shuttles they would still be able to send the data to the receiver sitting at the base station This must be tested thoroughly 111 Page because it s a basic situation that will constantly occur during the system s normal operation To this test will be performed with the same setup as the individual test cases by connecting the hardware directly to a computer The transmitters would send packets while being moved around the receiver The line of sight would never be obstructed due to testing constraints Once the test is complete the receiver should be accountable for all the packets transmitted Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Receiving data while moving Test Description The transmitters and receivers must be able to pass data along while the transmitter is in motion Test Conditions Both the receiver and the transmitter will be connected to a computer This transmitter will be located in a car to simulate the movement of a shuttle The transmitter will then be tra
194. rucial to deliver a quality product To ensure the highest quality is delivered to the users implementing a strict passing criterion was necessary This meant that even though a piece of code seemed to functioning initially it still needs to undergo multiple test cases to ensure that the software is indeed running as expected Also despite the fact that no errors are being thrown problems could still exist This meant the outputs of these tests needed to be checked to ensure that it was the correct expected output data If that check went undone then finding those errors after the software blocks are put together becomes very challenging Quality also extends beyond defects and errors The efficiency of the software is also crucial aspect of the design By nature of the system it must be designed with efficiency in mind for the system to be even useful For example if database is unable to handle an extremely high number of requests during the peak time students ride the bus then the shuttle location updates will be extremely delayed causing all of the users to be viewing seemingly expired data A bottle neck to any phase of the software in the system could cause it to become unusable This is why during each test case quality efficiency reliability and accuracy was top priority 102 Page 9 2 HARDWARE TESTING As mentioned previously the Transit Tracking System is broken down until two key areas the software and the hardware The har
195. s Following the prototype was the initial testing phase This is where the prototype was put through thorough testing in the hopes of exposing bugs The prototype was modified as needed based on the problems found in the testing An overall view of the schedule can be seen in the Gantt chart format in Figure 55 below 135 Page ID a Task Name Duration July September November January March a May qy 1 Definition 21 days 2 Define Project 21 days EI 3 Research 23 days 9 9 4 GPS Reciever 23 days osm RF Modems 23 days 6 Mobile Application Developmei23 days cj 7 Design 38 days F eal Hardware 19 days y 9 Microcontroller 19 days e3 10 TTS Transmitter 19 days a 11 TTS Receiver 19 days a 12 Software 11 days 13 Data Management 11 days 14 Microcontroller 11 days 15 Database 11 days 16 Web Application 11 days 17 Prototype 34 days 18 Hardware 34 days Fx 19 Microcontroller 34 days 20 TTS Transmitter 34 days 21 TTS Receiver 34 days 22 Software 24 days T 23 Data Management 11 days eJ 24 Microcontroller 24 days a 25 Database 14 days Lo 26 Web Application 24 days 27 Test 55 days Q 28 Single Unit 23 days Log 29 Full System 24 days c_3 i 30 Final 17 days ue 31 Final System Complete 1day I 32 Documentation 12 days E3 33 Presentation 6days EI Figure 55 Gantt Chart Once the system is deemed working as expected the system can now be built
196. s it is unsure if it s the movement of the vehicle that is affecting its functionality or if it s the actual but itself To preserve the consistency of the cases the device was once again connected to a laptop where the longitude and latitude coordinates were displayed and was confirmed by using an addition GPS device If the functionality changes during this test it could be assumed that the shuttle is playing a part in causing it Test Objective 5 Test Objective 5 Receiving Coordinates From the GPS Inside the shuttle Test Description This test will be very similar to the previous However this will be done inside of one of the shuttles that will be housing the system in the future This will ensure the shuttle does affect the GPS receiver in any way Test Conditions The GPS device will be connected to a portable computer where the output components will be able to be viewed The shuttle will be moving through its designated route The test will conclude once the shuttle returns to the beginning of its route Expected Results The GPS unit should return the correct coordinates as the shuttle is moving throughout the designated route There should be little no points where the GPS is unable to get the coordinates 107 Page As mentioned previously the GPS device needs to have a line of sight with the sky in order for the coordinate data to be received from the satellites This means that obstruct
197. s while moving around the receiver The test will resume until an arbitrarily large amount of data is passed Expected Results The packets must be transmitted and received by both devices without experiencing any data loss In order to be able to better accurately test the transmission hardware it must be pushed to the specified device limit to see how they react The entire system was covering a three mile radius around campus so the transmission of data at times will have to travel the maximum distance Again similar to Test Objective 3 there are some testing limitations with the height of the receiver so this must be accounted for when testing the ranges Since the parking garage is not nearly as high as the radio tower it will be assumed that the max range of the system will be limited to a half of a mile This will show how the transmitting packets react when they nearing the maximum distance apart from the receiver 113 Page Test Objective 4 Test Objective 4 Receiving Data Near the Max Transmitting Distances Test Description The transmitters and receivers must be able to pass data along while the transmitter is placed traveling near the predetermined maximum distance for transmission Test Conditions Both the receiver and the transmitter will be connected to a computer This transmitter will be located in a car to simulate the movement of a shuttle The receiver will be placed on top of a parkin
198. s is a very critical section of the software due to the fact that this is where all the data originates If this software contains errors it could be fatal for the entire system This section of code was thoroughly tested with the cases listed in tables below The data acquisition stage is broken into two parts the actual receiving of the packets and the processing of the packets 9 1 2 1 Test Cases One of the most important cases that were tested is if the software is able to retrieve the data properly without throwing any errors This test is important because the code was receiving a consistently high amount of data at one time If this portion is not properly tested it could lead to a bottle neck in the system where its affects will be felt throughout the rest of the design This test was done with the inputs assumed to be error free and delay free The sample with ensure that the main functionality of the code will be tested Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Receiving the Error free Data Test Description Asimulated sample data must be received and accepted by the code in order for it to be passed on to the unpacking stage This will ensure there are no defects in the receiving stage of the Data Acquisition section Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets to simulate standard conditions Expected Results The code should receive the large amount of records without losing any d
199. s may seem like a very long amount of time to be testing the system but it was necessary to ensure the system was nearly bug free Since this system will be constantly used by the entire main campus of the university it must demonstrate reliability and efficiency Even though the formal testing of the system is complete testing will still occur as needed This would usually be the result of a user finding an error or the system crashing for an unknown reason When this occurs the system would undergo maintenance based on the urgency of the issue If the problem can be fixed on the fly then it would be done so without any effect on the operation of the system If the problem is more critical then the issue would need to be addressed by shutting down the system and fixing the issue as quickly as possible to minimize the amount of downtime the users will have to experience Testing is an ongoing process in the design of the system but the amount of testing can be minimized by proper case testing when designing the system 10 User Manual 10 1 TRACKING DEVICE 10 1 1 Firmware This section details the process for updating the firmware on the TTS tracking device if required to do so for a specific bug fix or to enable new functionality The process of updating the TTS is a fairly risky procedure as is the case with any device firmware update so it should only be conducted if necessary to maintain normal product operations That being said the TTS
200. s simply the server which was supplied by UCF and any software required 132 Page Table 27 Data Acquisition Database Server Bill of Materials System Manufacturer Description Part Quote Quote Qty Extended Price Item Number Source Server Manufacturer 2GHz 2GB Property 0 00 Property of 1 0 00 is irrelevant RAM 40GB of UCF UCF HDD USB2 0 100Mbps NIC Operating Microsoft Windows XP E8504026 0 00 Property of 1 0 00 System Professional UCF 32 bit Database Oracle open MySQL MySQL 0 00 mysql com 1 0 00 source Community Community Edition Server Database 5 1 53 Windows version RF modem Digi X CTU v5 1 4 1 0 00 Digi 1 0 00 manageme Windows nt software version TOTAL 149 00 In Table 28 below a list of the parts that are required for the Web Server is shown This is simply the server which was supplied by UCF and any software required Table 28 Web Server Bill of Materials System Item Manufacturer Description Part Quote Quote Source Qty Extended Number Price Server Manufacturer 2GHz 4GB Property 0 00 Property of 1 0 00 is irrelevant RAM 40GB of UCF UCF HDD USB2 0 100Mbps NIC Server Canonical Ubuntu N A 0 00 ubuntu com 1 0 00 Operating open source Server Linux System 10 04 64 bit HTTP Server The Apache Apache HTTP Apache 0 00 httpd apache o 1 0 00 Software Web Server HTTP rg Foundation
201. s the requirements of the design Brief overviews of the top choices of methods are covered in this section 3 1 2 1 GPS The Global Position System GPS was created in 1973 by the U S Department of Defense to overcome limitations with previous positioning systems Originally created for military purposes the GPS system was declared as a dual use system by President Bill Clinton in 1996 opening it up for civilian usage The system consists of three main segments space control and user The space 8 Page segment includes 24 to 32 satellites in medium Earth orbit These satellites are responsible for broadcasting signals which user devices can pick up The control segment includes a master control station monitor stations and antennas Both the space and control segments are controlled by the U S Air Force The user segment includes hundreds of thousands of military users and tens of millions of civilian and commercial users GPS satellites send three basic pieces of information the time the message was transmitted precise orbital information and the general system health and rough orbits of all GPS satellites The receiver uses this information to determine its latitude longitude and altitude The time provided by the GPS is widely accepted as the most accurate time GPS receivers have been declining in price over the past few years and are a very attractive method for determining location In fact they have become the standard
202. s then ready for use by the web application This application can be thought of as the meat of the software for this project The web based software works hand in hand with Google s provided map platform to present real time visual tracking of UCF s shuttle system The server side code retrieves the GPS coordinates for each bus from the database and uses them to show where the bus is located on the map On the client side the user has the option to customize their own view by toggling the display of each route on or off The map updates in real time to display the most recent position of each bus The map also uses icons to indicate all the bus stops along each route The diagram on the next page in Figure 38 highlights the cycle of data transfer in the software system level design 52 Page Microcontroller Code Location Data Mobile Tracking H Collection and Database 5 Device Processing Bus Tracker Web Bus Tracker Web Application Application Client side Server side Figure 38 Software System Level Design 6 2 MICROCONTROLLER FIRMWARECODE The microcontroller embedded on the tracking device board will be the central point of control for each component The code written for the controller accomplishesaccomplish several basic tasks First it collectscollect data from the GPS and the accelerometer by accessing the chip s serial interface This data is then converted to a format that is co
203. se coordinates do not get passed through to the database Without this error check this coordinate would take the bus completely off the map that is displayed to the user and not return it until the shuttle s next coordinate is received Test Objective 4 Test Objective 4 Unpacking with Incorrect Coordinates Test Description A simulated sample of data will be passed through the code This data will be holding the longitude and latitude locations of a certain shuttle However this data will also include coordinates outside of the predetermined area designated for the buses Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets with random errors to simulate standard conditions Expected Results The code should unpack the coordinates filter out the incorrect ones and group the rest with bus number provided without any errors allowing it to be passed along to be used in other areas The output of the test is a pair of valid coordinates bounded with its corresponding shuttle id This next case will be testing to ensure the unpacking phase will be able to detect the internal packet error of having one of the coordinates be empty This issue can arise when the GPS returns the current coordinates of the bus This error would still be packed fine by the assembler and transmitted and received without throwing any errors However once the packet reaches the unpacking stage the error needs to be de
204. soft Copyrighted Content United States Change All Microsoft Stes Search Microsoft com About Company Information Customer and Partner Experience Legaland Corp affairs Trustworthy Computing Diversity and nelusion Legal and Legal and Corp Affairs Corporate Affairs Legal and Corporate Affairs Overview LCA Diversity Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Home Use of Microsoft Copyrighted Content Published Apel 26 2005 Updated November 13 2009 Microsoft products and services induding images text and software downloads the content are owned ether by Microsolt Corporation Or by third parties who have granted Microsoft permission to use the content Microsoft cannot grant you permission for content that is owned by third parties You may only copy modify distribute display icense or sell the content if you are granted explicit permission within the End User License Agreement EULA or License Terms that accompany the content or are provided in the following guidelines For more information consult your copyright attorney Copyright FAQ About Microsoft Trademarks Requirements for Allowed Uses 17ra For permission to be granted for any uses alowed by these guidelines you must comply with the folowing four requirements Software License Terms Terms of Use 1 If your use includes references to a Microsoft product you must use the ful name of the product When referencing any Microsoft Notice About Online Po
205. st downsides For one it is very expensive as it requires a monthly service charge for each vehicle transmitting on the network Security is the most lacking with this method as there is little control over the cell network providers protocols Additionally cellular network coverage in rural areas is not guaranteed producing dead zones 3 1 1 3 Satellite Satellite communication ensures the best coverage area of all data transmission methods As long as the tracking device has a clear view of the sky the range is near 100 worldwide Security methods available with this transmission method are similar to those of the cellular networks and are somewhat limited to what is available by the satellite providers Cost however is particularly more prohibitive than the other methods Monthly service fees are similar to that of the cellular network but hardware and software costs are typically much higher Additionally the sizes of the satellite dishes that must be mounted on the vehicles are rather large and must be adjusted to point in the correct direction This makes adding a new tracking unit to a vehicle a costly and time consuming task 3 1 2 Position Detection Determining an object s position can be completed in a variety of ways some much more accurate than others While GPS has become the industry and even commercial standard a survey of available location determination methods was conducted to ensure a selection that best meet
206. station Some disadvantages arise when observing the scalability of this architecture New users must have the client application installed on their computer which introduces an onslaught of maintenance tasks Clients must be updated to latest versions protected so that users cannot modify important program required files and require re installs when new features are added Web based delivery systems attempt to answer the shortcomings of thick client based architectures while losing some of the key advantages Web application architectures consist of a web server which is typically split into a front end and a back end anda website which clients can access via a web browser The back end of the web server is very similar to the application server in the thick client architecture in that it takes processes requests from the front end queries the database and responds with the results The front end is similar to the thick client previously discussed except that it encapsulates the features that a client provides and hosts it all in one place The front end of the web server is the user interface of the web application or the website 24 Page Clients can view this page using a common web browsing application typically installed on all workstations by default This is illustrated in Figure 16 below Database Server Web Server i Any Device with Web Browser Installed Figure 16 Web Server amp Client Architecture
207. stem in order for a section of software to pass it had to pass the data through correctly without any system halting errors This meant that all of the expected outputs should be received in a reasonable amount of time Extreme delays in the software were viewed as a defect This is due to the fact that the entire system itself needed to have the best response time possible for it to be considered efficient Also even if the system does not have a fatal crash or throw warnings the output data was also be closely examined This was to ensure that not only is the data able to passed through the software successfully but it also was the correct data being outputted 87 Page When an error or defect was found a guideline was set on how to approach fixing it For the Transit Tracking System when an error was found during testing it was logged Unless the defect is a fatal error that causes the system to crash testing continued until a stopping point was reached Then once the test is stopped the code was examined and the list of non fatal errors collected was attempted to be corrected If the test results in a crash due to an error the test ended and the focus was shifted to correcting that defect Testing in this form was in the hopes the resolving the bigger issues will in turn also correct the smaller problems as well 9 1 2 Data Acquisition Data acquisition is simply how the data is accepted by the software and unpacked for usage Thi
208. sue that was brought up in testing is how the GPS device will act when it is placed inside of the shuttle and the shuttle begins to move All of these issues need to be covered in testing to ensure that the GPS will be working as it should for the needs of the system 9 2 4 1 GPS Tests The first test the GPS device will undergo is to ensure the basic functionality is working This test was simply to check if the GPS is able to connect to the satellites and receive the coordinates Since this is a very basic test the GPS was not moved to confirm that just the basic functionality is being tested To test this the GPS was connected to a laptop where it will simply feed the longitude and latitude coordinates so it can be confirmed that it is in fact connected and receiving Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Receiving the coordinates from the GPS Test Description The GPS device will be connected to the PCB board and continue to transmit the current longitude and latitude coordinates Test Conditions For the test the GPS will remain stationary The test will run ten minutes while the GPS collect a sufficient amount of data Expected Results The test will be outputting the coordinates of the current location of the GPS unit This next test took the examination of the GPS output a bit further This test began under the similar fashion of the stationary device being connected to a laptop to view the coordinates Howe
209. sure that the website can be properly accessed it will be loaded on multiple web browsers Test Conditions The most popular web browsers will be tested This includes Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Internet Explorer Google Chrome and Apple Safari Expected Results The website should be visually correct across all the test browsers The most basic task that the web server is required to do is print a shuttle to the screen This is done by the web server querying the data base and pulling the coordinates of a particular bus id Then based on the coordinate the bus is placed in the corresponding location on the map Also the web server is responsible for coloring the shuttle based on the unique shuttle id The color of the shuttles is predetermined by the web server based on the route the bus is designated to Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Print shuttles to the map Test Description This test will pull a bus from the database and place it on the map according to the coordinates stored Test Conditions Multiple buses will be printed on the map at once when the web server is refreshed Expected Results The shuttles should show up on the map at the correct location based on the data stored with it In order to track the location of the shuttles the web server needs to have the functionality of updating the location of all the shuttles This means when an updated data entry is entered into the
210. sus Landing and Gold Route routes to filter the display and only show these routes on the map The reset button is also present at the top of the panel clicking the reset button will toggle all of the routes to display on the map The balloon shaped icon in the middle of the map indicates a bus in service The remainder of the functionality of the map is built in to the software provided by Google The user can zoom in out scroll in all directions and toggle the display map satellite or hybrid The user also has some additional functionality not shown on this screenshot such as clicking on a bus or bus stop to view more information about it 77 Page 7 Design Summary The Transit Tracking System design is comprised of a collection of intricate subsystems A monitoring module was designed for each shuttle unit Each monitoring module consists of four main components a GPS a microcontroller an accelerometer and a RF transceiver with antenna The bus acts as the modules power supply and interfaces to the shuttle via the cigarette lighter adapter The GPS transfers its collected data to the microcontroller through one of the four serial ports available on it An additional feature for the module that was added is an accelerometer that enables the knowledge of whether or not a bus is idle by detection of vibrations from the shuttles engine The microcontroller contains embedded software to handle all the raw data that it receives This softwar
211. system may function on other configurations the TTS was only be tested and developed for Windows or Mac based computers The recommended minimum software configurations are listed below Supported Operating Systems e Windows XP e Windows Vista e Windows 7 e Mac OS X Snow Leopard Supported Web Browsers e Windows Internet Explorer 6 or newer e Mozilla Firefox 2 or newer e Google Chrome e Apple Safari Additional Required Software e Adobe Flash Player 9 or newer 76 Page 6 7 2 Final Web Application Interface Upon accessing the web application through a web browser on their workstation the client is presented with the full Transit Tracking System interface Figure 46 below shows a screenshot of how the application appears on the client s workstation Home About TTS TRANSIT TRACKING SYSTEM era Routes reset Di lt t gt v W Route 1 Pegasus Landing VA A m it o B oO oO Lal k E a a a a Route 13 Gold Route Map data 2011 Google Te Figure 46 Interface of the TTS Web Application on Client Workstation In this screenshot the gold route is shown circling the campus along Gemini Boulevard The list of active routes is shown in the left panel displaying the route number route name and their unique color In this screenshot all routes besides Pegasus Landing and the Gold Route appear dim while the two mentioned do not This indicates that the user has clicked on the Pega
212. t ChannelCount gt Number of channels to use 1 12 UBYTE Figure 26 NMEA 0183 Protocol Data Output 34 Page The EM 406A GPS main power input is rated for 4 5V 6 5V DC which falls well within the 5V DC input that is provided by the circuit design Referring to the pin layout for the EM 406A GPS in Figure 27 below it can be seen that the GND and VIN pins will be connected to the GND of the PCB and the 5V of the PCB respectively Note that there are two GND pins on the module pin1 and pin5 therefore it can be concluded that both of the GND will connect to the GND of the PCB The 5V VCC plane output from the PT78HT205H converter will connect to the TX pin transmitting pin of the GPS The remaining two connections are the GPS data pins The RX pin receiving pin is the GPS RX command line which will interface to the micro controller The 1PPS pin is the GPS NMEA 0183 standard data output and is not used 1 GND 2 VIN 3 RX 4 TX 5 GND 6 1PPS 65432 1 Figure 27 EM 406A GPS Module Pin Layout With permission from usglobalsat com 5 2 1 3 ADXL213AE Accelerometer The ADXL213AE accelerometer will be used to tell weather of not the shuttle units engine is idle and help to know how long it has been idle for The ADXL213AE is a is a low power low cost dual axis accelerometer with single conditioned duty cycle modulated outputs on one integrated circuit The ADXL213AE measures acceleration with a full scale rang of 1 2g Vs
213. t listed is the text file is received If all the commands returned the expected output values the Receiving RF Modem is properly configured and may be removed from power and installed in its permanent location 10 3 REPEATER RF MODEM This section contains detailed instructions for the initial or updated configuration of a Repeater RF Modem which allows it to communicate properly on the TTS RF network If a Repeater is added to the TTS system the follow must be conducted on an RF modem that is fresh from the manufacturer 10 3 1 Modem Parameter Configuration The following materials must be present for configuration of the RF modem 122 Page e RS 232 DB 9 male female cable e Computer with DB 9 male connector a USB lt gt serial cable can be used instead Microsoft Windows XP Vista or 7 and the Digi X CTU software installed e TTS Software amp Configuration disc To configure the RF modem first ensure the following conditions are satisfied e Ensure the device is connected to a stable power source during the entire process it is recommended that the is powered from a standard AC receptacle e The device is connected to the computer using the serial cable and the port number is noted this can be found using the Device Manager Follow each step below to configure the Repeater RF Modem 9 Open the Digi X CTU software from the computer 10 Select the serial port corresponding to the RF modem connection on the PC S
214. t or service Top of Page Screen Shots You may not use screen shots of Microsoft product boot up screens opening screens splash screens or screens from beta release products or other products that have not been commercially released You may use other screen shots in advertising in documentation including educational brochures in tutorial books in videotapes or on Web sites provided that in addition to the requirements above you Do not alter the screen shot except to resize it Do not use portions of screen shots Do not include screen shots in your product user interface Do not use screen shots that contain third party content Do not use screen shots that contain an image of an identifiable individual Top of Page Spreadsheets and Databases You may sell a spreadsheet or database you made using Microsoft software The spreadsheet or database must be created using legitimate licensed Microsoft software Top of Page Use of Name and or Likeness of Bill Gates Bill Gates name and likeness are protected by publicity and privacy rights If you want to use photographs of Bill Gates for reporting purposes contact the photographer who created the work or contact Waggener Edstrom at 425 637 9097 No other use is permitted Top of Page microsoft com About Default aspx 3 3 A 19 Page A 3 1 2 Google 12 4 2010 Google Google Permissions Home About Google Google Permiss
215. tdown Mode p14 section for more information General Purpose Input 2 reserved for future use 8 GPI2 SLEEP yes gt SLEEP By default SLEEP is not used To configure this pin to enable Sleep Modes refer to the Sleep Mode p14 SM Command p37 amp PW Command p32 sections General Purpose Output 1 reserved for future use CTS Clear to Send lt Detault CS 0 gt When pin is driven low the UART host GPOt C7S is to send serial data lo the module Refer to the Serial Communications o yes amp CS Command p25 sections for more information RS 485 TX_EN RS 485 Transmit Enable To configure this pin to enable RS 485 half and full pera Refer to the Serial Communications p9 amp CS Command sections General Purpose Input 1 reserved for future use RTS Request to Send By default is not used To configure this pin to GPI RTS regulate the flow of serial data exiting the module refer to the Serial 10 CMD yes Communications p9 amp RT Command p36 sections CMD Command By default CMD is not used To configure this pin to enable binary command programming refer to the Binary Commands p17 amp RT Command p36 sections Configuration Pin can be used as a backup method for entering Command r no Mode during power up Refer to the Command Mode p17 section for more exemenname information 1 CONFIG RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indicator By default pin is used as an RSSI PWM o no output after at
216. tected and the entire package must be removed from the system If this problem is not fixed in this stage of the code then the blank coordinate will still be turned into an object and written to the database Only when the data reaches the web server is when the problem will be presented but by then it will be too late and the shuttle will incorrectly be updated or an error will be thrown Test Objective 5 Test Objective 5 Unpacking with blank coordinates Test Description A simulated sample of data will be passed through the code This data will only be holding either the longitude coordinate or the latitude coordinate that will represent the location of a certain shuttle Test Conditions The code will be fed an arbitrarily large number of packets with a 90 Page random amount missing a coordinate Expected Results The packets will be unpacked but when the missing coordinate is detected the packet will be tossed out The output of the test is a pair of valid coordinates bounded with its corresponding shuttle id The final stage of the data acquisition software is where the stripped packet s data now must be used to build a shuttle object in the code In order to build this object three pieces of data must be known the shuttle id the longitude coordinate and the latitude coordinate These pieces of data will then be grouped together in an object so it can be used effectively The creation
217. tems 9 Page 3 1 3 User Interface The following section discusses the different types of user interfacing systems that are available today This section covers the different types of maps that can be used and Mobile applications The difference between computer programs and web applications is also discussed 3 1 3 1 Maps The most important aspect of the user interface is the map The map is the focal point of the web site in which the system will display the data to the users To do this an up to date accurate interactive map was embedded into the website This was done very easily by importing an application programming interface API An API is an interface that allows a piece of software to utilize another piece of software For this design a map API was used There are many different types of free map APIs currently available to use These would include Google Maps Microsoft Maps MapQuest Maps and Yahoo Maps Each of these applications had their own features as well as disadvantages but overall they provided a very similar service Through some thorough research the API that fit this system design the best was Google Maps Google s API was tested to be the quickest and most efficient map application and those are two traits are points of emphasis for this design The Google Maps API was a very simple to learn and use so integrating into the software was very easy The simplicity of the API allows the availability to add more feat
218. tes Some examples include Park and Ride shuttles off campus shuttles that are routed to from nearby locations and on campus Black and Gold routes that are routed around the school Few people know about the shuttle system called Park and Ride in 2 Page which a shuttle will transport students from a distant parking lot nearby or on campus to a much closer on campus location There are also several local college affiliated student housing complexes that are included in the daily UCF shuttling service routes Finally there are students who will park on campus for one class and will later attempt to move their vehicle to a new parking spot across campus that is closer to a successive class Whether or not taking the time to migrate in this fashion is time productive and can be debated With such a large campus and population it is surprising that there are so many resources that are at the disposal of students however many of them do not know of these sources or do not want to trouble themselves with learning how to use the resources available to them There currently is no system for UCF that allows you to see where the buses are and how long it will be until they get to you There is also no way of knowing where shuttles are during the day if shuttle drivers are doing their job and whether or not a shuttle is missing as well 2 3 GOALS amp OBJECTIVES The goal of this senior design project was to create a system that is a quick and eas
219. the GPS and accelerometer which would require multiple threads to be written to the microprocessor adding additional complications and points of failure The time to complete one full iteration of this sequence diagram is predicted to be in the order of milliseconds further justifying the sequential nature 6 2 3 Function Descriptions amp I O Variables This section describes the main functions that were developed for the microcontroller to perform its main operations There are many other functions that were written to support all the functionality of the tracking device however this section highlights the highest level ones for simplicity Table 9 below lists these functions their input and output variables and a brief description of each Table 9 Main Functions Function Name Inputs Outputs Description getGpsData void gpsData Contains interface controls to grab data from GPS module Returns in string array format updateEngineStatus void void Calls a sequence of other functions to determine if the engine is running based on accelerometer data 56 Page packageData gpsData accelerometerData packagedData Combines GPS and accelerometer data into compact package of data to send over RF interface sendData package Sends the packaged data over the RF modem The input and output variables for the main functions and their data types ar
220. the testing will stop and the error will be fixed immediately If there is a non fatal error occurring in the operation of a hardware device it was noted and the test will continue Only after the test is completed or if a fatal error occurs will the non fatal error be addressed This type of error handling is done in the hopes of correcting the fatal errors will in turn also address the non fatal ones 9 2 4 Tracking Device The tracking device that is used in the system is a simple GPS receiver It essentially connects to the satellites and passes the longitude and latitude coordinates to the micro controller In order to receive the correct coordinates the GPS device must be configured properly Once the configuration is complete it must be tested The GPS receiver needs to first be tested for its basic functionality to ensure that it is in fact outputting the proper coordinates The basic functionality must be tested very thoroughly because if the device no functioning correctly then it will serve no use to the system As seen with other GPS devices the environment in which it is placed in plays a large role in how well it operates This is because the device is designed to have a line of sight to the sky so it has a clear path to connect to the satellites above to get the coordinates of its location So situations like cloudy days or physical obstructions 104 Page could possibly severely hinder the functionality of the device Another is
221. the event that the device needs to be re configured for bug fix or system enhancement purposes 10 2 1 Modem Parameter Configuration The following materials must be present for configuration of the RF modem e RS 232 DB 9 male female cable e Computer with DB 9 male connector a USB lt gt serial cable can be used instead Microsoft Windows XP Vista or 7 and the Digi X CTU software installed e TTS Software amp Configuration disc To configure the RF modem first ensure the following conditions are satisfied e Ensure the device is connected to a stable power source during the entire process it is recommended that the is powered from a standard AC receptacle e The device is connected to the computer using the serial cable and the port number is noted this can be found using the Device Manager Follow each step below to configure the Receiving RF Modem 1 Open the Digi X CTU software from the computer 2 Select the serial port corresponding to the RF modem connection on the PC Settings tab Leave the other parameters at their default 3 Click the Terminal tab 4 Locate and open the text file on the TTS Software amp Configuration disc named ReceivingModemParameters txt 121 Page NOTE The following step will tell you to enter a sequence of symbols to force the device into a configuration mode If the steps for entering the parameters are not completely promptly the device will automatically exit confi
222. the main UCF campus then at peak ride times the database will be under a lot of stress processing the requests To simulate this type of load on the database all of these tests were executed while the system is under a heavy load Despite the stopping criteria mentioned above if a test on the database fails then it was ran again but the second time the database won t be under an extreme load This helped pinpoint if the test was the actual defect or if it was simply the database not being able to handle the load The software and the functionality of the database were tested with the cases listed in the tables below 94 Page 9 1 3 1 Test Cases The purpose of the database in the design of the system is to provide the ability to allow the packets being received from the transmitters to be stored in an organized location Based on the large amount of buses and the high amount of packets consistently being received writing to the database is an integral part of the design Due to the high demand of this action it was tested very thoroughly to ensure it is seemingly error free If problems existed in the area of writing to the database then it could lead to small problems such as individual buses not being systematically updated or to catastrophic events such as bringing the system to a halt Test Objective 1 Test Objective 1 Writing to the database Test Description This test will simply write to the database to ensure that it
223. the system had been running for some time but some of these situations may not occur during the time After the system passes both of these evaluations it continued to run in a state in which errors will be tracked and fixed accordingly Any major issues were addressed by shutting down the system until they are fixed Once this testing is complete a beta version of the system was on a limited release This will expose the system to a new environment Here feedback will be gathered from the beta users in the hopes of tracking down errors and making the system better overall Using this information the system was periodically updated to address these issues Once the beta testing is seen as a success the system was ready for the full operational mode and was open to anyone wanting to use it Though the system may be complete and running issues will still come up so maintenance will need to be done on the system However by testing the system thoroughly these maintenance periods should be much less frequent 9 3 1 Test Cases The first test case is a simple and obvious but very necessary test This test is simply setting up the system and running it This test would expose those issues that either weren t able to be replicated in the individual case testing or the issues that were simply overlooked This test will run for two entire days After the test has concluded the issues were fixed and the test was run again This cycle would continue u
224. tions eeeesesesesssisisisisisisisisisisisisiririririririririrsesrst 68 65 4 Function Descriptions ierre ee wae 70 66 WEB APPLICATION ctsisisussactaduteptiedetitateapeinagidentotciiapiel aaraclofeencelaegnates 70 OiG ly SoftWare Configuration ae cx cr cries ex ttt ttt t verte tec EE EEEE EEEE 71 6 025 UME Diagram S gpa re E E E EE CE E EEE 72 6 63 Data Variable DeseriptiorS eerie renina E GEE 74 GOA FURnCHOM DeEsScriptioNS irerriri s ee eE EE EE EEEE RE 75 OTe CLIENT WORKSTATION iresi a E 76 iv Page 67 1 Minimum Required Software Configuration susie ceruecemeonsecesrecieremeertenetrerces 76 Gi 2 Final Web Application taterdeee 467 saad sanarrs marc accrat arnt aa maarnmane 77 Pro Design Summary cosson a E E E tamara 78 E BUT a E a E EE E E 79 8 1 DEVELOPRPMEN ccd sc aruissauie galt an teh nu n a a a e 79 Bulk Hardware Developme Nieisen a e E E E E E 80 8 12 S ftWare Development ero niii nona a e E E ee 82 9 2 RIE TON arrire re a a T E a 85 Oa VENDORS Sumien run ea ae a E E RN 85 P E A AE E E E E E 86 9 1 SOFTWARE TESNO rentenieren ni i eda A een ee en ees 86 LPT FESUN JOVEN CWn rir a ART REE TE EERE 87 ni2 Data Acquisito nese enen nen aen a e a EEL LEE 88 LT Database vee e E AO OAOE OOOO S 94 IMA ANNE O SENEE eet ee A A E E EE REA 96 Il Assembly Langui garran A A enews 100 91 6 Pinal Sethware Systeri Evaluation srs ia E E 102 Wie HARDWARE TES HN Geacrossucogneii ini ie e E T ERa 103 QAT Festing OVE
225. tions Multiple shuttles will be moving on the map at once Expected Results The shuttles should move along the desired path designated by the sample file These movements should be seemingly smooth without any skipping 9 1 5 Assembly Language The assembly language code is going to be the driving force for the micro controller The micro controller must be programmed using the assembly language in order for it to output the correct type of data so the rest of the software system will be able to utilize it The micro controller is an important component because it is what is housing the GPS device as well as the transmitter that is going to be used to transmit the data to the rest of the software system The assembly code has two purposes to take the data from the GPS device and package it and send it to the transmitter for transmission To package the data the code takes the longitude and latitude coordinates from the GPS and pairs it with the shuttle s identification number Once this information is in a small compact form it is then turned over to the transmitter where it is sent to the rest of the system This assembly code is where all of the information is generated This means it is critical that this software is error free to ensure that the device is not transmitting incorrect data that could potentially crash the system 9 1 5 1 Test Cases The first portion of the assembly software is responsible for receiving the
226. tte lighter adapter which will transmit data to a receiver on a radio tower located on campus Where the data will be collected by a server get compiled and converted to be readily available for users of the system to see where buses are located via website The device will transmit data with an exact location of shuttling units at all times so that users can receive accurate information and time estimates 3 Page therefore reducing any lack of trust in the University s transportation system The system will also be very cost effective so that all shuttle units will be able to have monitoring systems The Ideal device will be created would be small enough as not to impair the process of transportation and activities that occur This system will ultimately reduce traffic on and around campus as well as save UCF affiliates the hassle of parking and the cost of a parking pass 2 4 REQUIREMENTS amp SPECIFICATIONS For clarity and simplicity the Transit Tracking System can be split up into several subsystems The following sections list the requirements and specifications for the overall system the data transmission subsystem and the web application subsystem 2 4 1 Overall System The overall TTS system adheres to the following requirements listed in Table 1 The objective of these requirements is to provide an overview of the overall TTS system specifying functional requirements quality requirements data requirements and constraints
227. turing is not allowed As with all uses you must have proper attribution for Content as described above Advertisements Use of our APIs in online advertisements are permissible under the applicable Terms of Serice Static images of our Content may not be used without our permission Use in Software including GIS software flight simulators etc You may not scrape or otherwise export Content from Google Maps or Earth for use within another application For offline imagery or mapping with your own datasets please learn about our Google Earth Enterprise product Offline Use You may not scrape or otherwise export Content from Google Maps or Earth or save it for offline use Use on a mobile device Is only permitted via our APIs and under the Google Maps Google Earth APIs Terms of Servce For the iPhone please research Map Kit Print This section distinguishes between two types of Content satellite imagery Satellite and maps and terrain Maps General guidelines for print use Google Earth and Maps are geography exploration tools and are not to be used to extract Content for derivative uses that do not relate to the products Whether you are producing a book magazine article printed advertisement or other sort of printed material as a rule you may not use this Content in print unless you are specifically making use of a distinctive aspect of our products As always you must follow the attribution guidelines as described ab
228. typically designed to be general purpose device The microcontroller has the ability to execute a stored set of instructions that will carry out user defined tasks The microcontroller also has the ability to access external memory chips and both read and writes data to and from the memory 12 Page Microcontrollers will consist of a processor core memory and programmable input output peripheral which essentially make it a small computer on a single integrated circuit Microcontrollers are typically used for embedded applications such as automobile control system engines remote controllers office machines and telephones Embedded systems like the microcontroller typically lack interaction with users and generally do not include screens disks keyboards or any other input output devices of a personal computer Microcontrollers will generally contain several general purpose input output GPIO pins GPIO pins are configurable by software that will dine the pin as an input or an output state Almost all modern microcontrollers will have two types of memory The first is non volatile memory which is used for storing firmware and the second is read write memory which is for storing temporary data In today s society the micro controller is a low cost resource and is used highly amongst hobbyist 3 2 EXISTING PROJECTS amp PRODUCTS The following section discusses the general design of a previous project that was developed by mechanical e
229. u please give me permission to show your content without attribution or put the attribution at the end of my book movie TV show Without exception we require attribution when Content is shown Please scroll up to the Attribution Requirements section for full details If you are unwilling to meet our attribution requirements please contact our data provider s directly to inquire about purchasing the rights to the content directly I d like to publicize the work I ve created using Content from Google Earth and Maps Can send out a press release Google is pretty conservative when it comes to press releases Please do not release any publicity materials that refer to Google Google Earth or Google Maps unless you have prior written approval from us Can Google provide me with high resolution screenshots If you need to export high resolution imagery from Google Earth you may want to purchase Google Earth Pro but please keep in mind the restrictions on uses of aerial and satellite imagery Unfortunately we are not able to provide high resolution versions of our map tiles I ve found what I believe to be an improper use of Google maps or satellite imagery Should I let you know Yes please through our Geo Permissions form I m having trouble with Google Maps or Google Earth Can contact you For technical questions please refer to our online help center for Google Maps and Google Earth need to contact one of your data providers
230. uing You have 10 seconds from when the power is re connected to the device until the code must be successfully uploaded Remove the power connector from the tracking device Connect the power connector back to the tracking device Click File gt Upload to I O Board The Arduino IDE software will say Done Uploading in the status bar towards the bottom of the window COS OG Follow the steps in the Verification section to ensure the firmware update was successful 120 Page 10 1 1 2 Verification The following steps ensure the firmware update was performed successfully Ensure the conditions from the previous section still hold true and that the Arduino IDE software is still opened with the correct Serial Port chosen 1 Click Tools gt Serial Monitor 2 Remove the power from the device and then reconnect 3 After a delay of about 10 15 seconds a message should be written to the output regarding the GPS signal and or the configuration of the RF modem parameters If the expected output is written to the screen the device firmware has been successfully updated and the device may now be disconnected and reinstalled in the vehicle 10 2 RECEIVING RF MODEM This section contains detailed instructions for the initial or updated configuration of the Receiving RF Modem which allows it to communicate properly on the TTS RF network This device comes pre configured by the TTS team but the instructions are included here in
231. up D 1 or E 2 listed at http vww access apo gov bis ear pdt 7 40spir pdf in Supplement No 1 to Part 740 of the U S Export Administration Regulations CHOICE OF LAW AND JURISDICTION The ADI Site each transaction entered into in connection with the ADI Site and all matters arising from or related to the ADI Site including validity and interpretation will be governed by construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts U S A without reference to any conflict of law principles You hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the federal and state courts located in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the applicable service of process You agree to waive all defenses alleging forum non conveniens or lack of personal jurisdiction If you reside in a country other than the United States then the parties agree that the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is hereby excluded in its entirety analog com en content fca html 2 3 A 12 Page 4 29 2011 Terms of Use Analog Devices LIMITATION OF CLAIMS Any action on any claim against ADI must be brought by you within one 1 year following the date the claim first accrued or shall be deemed waived CHANGES TO TERM S OF USE ADI reserves the right to make changes to the ADI Site and to these terms of use at any time Your continued use of the ADI Site will constitute your acceptance of any new terms a
232. uracy and response time of the system If the hardware or software was ridden with defects it would result in a high number of risks for the users who will depend daily on the tracking of the shuttles To ensure the highest quality system is developed each part of the system went through a vast number of test cases 9 1 SOFTWARE TESTING The software is what drives the transit tracking system It essentially picks up where the hardware leaves off Once the hardware transmits the location of the bus to the tower the software begins to interpret the data From there the software does everything from unpacking the data to transmitting it to the user The software testing fell into four areas the data acquisition the database that stores the data the web server and website and the assembly language used to program the hardware Each section was tested extensively to ensure that the system runs at maximum efficiency 86 Page 9 1 1 Testing Overview Testing the software was done at different stages of the design Each type of software was tested differently based on their need in the system Each underwent a unique set of tests under different conditions in the hopes to expose any defects Many of the tests used sample data under the assumption of how it will be passed into the code To simulate the software being put under a heavy load an arbitrarily large amount of data was consistently fed through the program This ensured that not only the co
233. ures once the basic functionality is implemented This flexibility allowed the system s interface to interact with the needs of the users to allow it to better fit their expectations 3 1 3 2 Computer Program vs Web Application In considering technologies for graphically interfacing the data with the end client there are really only two options a computer program or a web based application Computer software commonly written in programming languages such as C and Java can be very powerful and highly interactive with the user They allow for heavy customization and a very wide range of control On the downside computer programs require the user to download all the files needed for them to execute and usually require some form of installation Web pages however do not require such an installation nor do they require any files to be downloaded outside of the web browser and any plug ins required As long as the user has a web browser such as Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome and internet connection they can access web applications Websites are more limited in design and functionality and are bounded to the capabilities of the web browser and website programming language To provide the best performance using the easiest solutions possible it makes most sense to choose the web application technology over a computer program The software needed for the end user in this project does not require much sophisticated control
234. us Stop setActive isActive void Sets the bus stop to active or inactive Bus setActive isActive void Sets the bus to active or inactive update ID coordX coordyY void Updates the bus data accelerometerData with the most recent time isActive information 75 Page 6 7 CLIENT WORKSTATION Developing the client interface as a web based application allows a user to utilize his her own workstation for accessing the Transit Tracking System Virtually all desktop laptop computers with a web browser are able to access the TTS web application The website is hosted on a server at the UCF campus which is available by accessing its designated web domain The user simply enters the domain URL Uniform Resource Locator into their web browser and they are able to view the real time status of the UCF shuttle transit system at their convenience The web application as previously mentioned features wide scale compatibility and caters to the largest possible user population As long as their workstation meets the minimum required software requirements any client is able to have access to the TTS 6 7 1 Minimum Required Software Configuration Since the TTS is designed to be the most compatible for all users the software required for access is very minimal Given today s standard nearly every personal desktop or laptop computer should already have the required software components to browse the TTS user interface While the
235. ver now with the aid of a known properly configured GPS device was used to get a rough estimate of the current longitude and latitude coordinates the test is taking place From here the data from the testing GPS was compared to the estimated coordinates to see if the output is truly the correct location It is known that the coordinates would not be exactly due to the difference in the specifications of both devices but it was clear by the output if the tested GPS is operating correctly by receiving the right coordinates 105 Page Test Objective 2 Test Objective 2 Receiving the correct coordinates Test Description This test will be run to ensure that the GPS is outputting the correct coordinate The general coordinate location of the GPS will be found and compared to the output data of the GPS Test Conditions The GPS will be placed in a location where the longitude and latitude coordinates are known Expected Results The test will be outputting the coordinates of the current location that will be compared to the known coordinates of the position To take the previous two basic tests even further the GPS device was tested to ensure that it will continue to consistently output the same longitude and latitude coordinates for its current location while remaining stationary This basic functionality is important for many reasons First if the device seems to be bouncing between two extremely different coordi
236. very important because it is be the key the database uses to find the location of where the most current coordinates of the bus is stored This software will be written in the C programming language This is due to the fact that when compiling and exporting the C code it will form into a simple executable file This executable file is then made a system task so when the computer is booted up the program will be executed The program was then placed on a computer that is attached to the transmitter This is a dedicated computer that is connected by the serial port to the transmitter that is located atop of the building The computer will be always on but in the event of a power failure the system will be set up so that it will boot up when it regains power A list of the software to be used for the Data Acquisition Database Server is shown below in Table 13 Table 13 Data Acquisition Database Server Software System Item Manufact Description Part Number Quote Qty urer Source Operating Microsoft Windows XP E8504026 Buy com 1 System Professional 32 bit Database Oracle MySQL MySQL Community Server mysql com 1 open Community 5 1 53 Windows version source Edition Database RF modem Digi X CTU v5 1 4 1 Windows version Digi 1 managemen t software 62 Page 6 4 2 Block Diagrams The architectural layout for the software side of the data collection and processing is very simple
237. ves along its designated route The drop in performance do to the cloud cover should be minimal allowing the system to still be fully operable 9 2 5 Transmitter The next phase the data makes its progression through is the transmitter hardware Here the packets that were created by the assembly software that used the data from the GPS device are sent over the air to a receiver on in another location Each shuttle will contain one transmitter which will send the shuttles data to the base station s receiver These transmitters are hardware devices known as RF modems that transmit data across a determined radio frequency For the system to be consistently updating the position of the shuttles on the web server the transmitter needs to be tested to ensure that it will maintain functionality over several real life situations it will have to face when the system is running 9 2 5 1 Test Cases The first hardware test for the transmitter was to simply connect the device to the serially to a laptop running the modem s software From here another RF modem was setup on a different laptop and acted as a receiver Then data was tested to ensure that it can be passed between the two There was no movement of the modems during the test to confirm that only the basic function of the transmitter was being tested This functionality was very basic but it was necessary to test to ensure that the transmitter can move data to the receiver 109 Page
238. vice to be created The tracking device features a custom printed circuit board PCB to allow for a compact design that encompasses all the aspects of the design The GPS and accelerometer are glued and soldered respectively to the PCB board A compact version of the RF modem intended for custom solutions is attached to the PCB board via the rows of pins on the modem A custom power supply is designed on the board attached to an external cigarette lighter and plugged into the shuttle bus The entire tracking device is then placed in an enclosure which allows for a clean product and provided protection of the components All components were purchased and assembled by the team for the initial few mobile tracking devices If UCF decides to adapt the design to allow for tracking of all shuttle buses it would be the most cost effective and reliable solution to allow the TTS team to continue the production efforts on the software and PCB while having the tracking device enclosure and antenna installations conducted by UCF personnel or outsourced 8 3 VENDORS The majority of the parts for the project were purchased online The vendors chosen are listed in the part list in the Budget and Financing section These vendors were chosen based on cost reliability and quantity of stock on a regular basis While the listed 85 Page vendors were the ideal choices the most important fact is that the parts were selected to exactly match the part numbers list
239. view materials posted to such forums and to remove any materials in its sole discretion All information posted to such forums is non confidential ADI has no liability related to any information or other content posted to such forums USER ACCOUNTS AND PASSWORDS ADI grants you a personal revocable right to establish a user account User Account with your contact information preferences and other information relevant to interacting with ADI and using the ADI Site ADI may terminate or suspend your User Account or change the functionality of your User Account at any time for any reason including any failure by you to regularly use the ADI Site or to update or complete your User Account information or any misuse of your password or the User Account Your user name and password are allocated for your sole use ADI may require you to alter the password from time to time and will inform you accordingly You are solely responsible for protecting and securing your user name and password against unauthorized use You agree to inform AD immediately if an unauthorized person obtains your password You agree to maintain back up copies of any information stored in your User Account U S GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS The ADI Information is provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS Use duplication or disclosure by the Goverment is subject to restrictions under the narrow est provision of those rights that the regulations allow as set forth in the appropriate Fede
240. y user friendly system which provides students the comfort of knowing when the next bus will arrive The purpose of creating a system of this nature would help increase the use of UCF shuttling and ultimately decrease traffic around the university As well as allow administrators the capability of monitoring the shuttle fleet and if shuttle operators are doing their jobs and following operation policies Instead of making students go through the trouble of looking at bus route maps and learning where and when the shuttles come they will be able to go to a web server ideally download an application for their phone that will show the bus routes of where and when the next bus is coming By making this information quick and easy to obtain UCF affiliates will be more inclined to use the University s complimentary shuttling services The process of getting to school would therefore be streamlined and a student will feel as though it is less difficult and time consuming to take a shuttle to school Not only will the system be very beneficial to the University s affiliates it would also be very helpful to those in charge of UCF s transportation line The system would allow administrators of work personnel to monitor where shuttle drivers are if they are doing their job and ultimately where exactly the UCF shuttles are located at all times The objective of the TTS is to create a monitoring device that will receive power from the shuttle s cigare
241. y for informational and non commercial or personal use provided that you do not modify such Materials and provided further that you retain all copyright and proprietary notices as they appear in such Materials TI further grants to educational institutions specifically K 12 universities and community colleges permission to download reproduce display and distribute the Materials posted on this site solely for use in the classroom provided that such institutions identify TI as the source of the Materials and include the following credit lin Courtesy of Texas Instruments Unauthorized use of any of these Materials is expressly prohibited by law and may result in civil and criminal penalties This permission terminates if you breach any of these terms and conditions Upon termination you agree to destroy any Materials downloaded from this site Warranties and Disclaimers TI intends for the Materials contained on this site to be accurate and reliable These Materials may however contain technical inaccuracies typographical errors or other mistakes TI may make corrections or other changes to these Materials at any time TI and its suppliers reserve the right to make corrections modifications enhancements improvements and other changes to its products programs and services at any time or to discontinue any products programs or services without notice THE MATERIALS ON THIS SITE ARE PROVIDED AS IS TI AND ITS RESPECTIVE SUPPLIERS MA
242. y functions and basic functionality for compiling code running code and downloading code to the chip Figure 53 Arduino IDE Used with permission from Arduino Data collection and processing was be written in C code and was developed in Microsoft Visual Studio C Express Edition Visual Studio seen in Figure 54 below provides a wide array of helpful development tools which allow for automated organization of classes variables and functions In addition the code completion feature saves countless hours by suggesting the function or data you were attempting to refer to on the fly while you code Perhaps the most powerful feature of Visual Studio is the robust debugger which allows for very accurate step through of the code and a real time view of the variables as you debug This software tool has greatly enhance the coding process 82 Page Terezes Mirongh Vine Dues aranira Lie st Yew Eroject Dd Debug Team Oge Took Aghtectue Test Anaye Window Help Je iIIa Sisi b org hwan JiB eeuen 23432 8085 Wis 4 ti DIDS te Wieser eres Tas ST Figure 54 Visual Studio 2010 with permission from Microsoft Web development was written and developed using the Notepad text editor While there are many WYSIWIG What you see is what you get web development editors available the TTS team found it the best choice to develop the web components in code only due to sometimes apparent negative rendering issues of the WY
243. y shuttle system for traveling to and around campus Unfortunately only a small fraction of students use the complimentary shuttling system because they lack trust in it and many students may not even know how to use it Students who do not have their own vehicle are limited in options and are usually forced to use the University s shuttle system Many are unhappy due to inconsistencies in the timeliness of buses and the fact that they must rely on faith that their bus will arrive on any given day so that they do not miss class or other scheduled activities Most students who have their own vehicle choose not to use the UCF shuttle system even though it is available at their disposal Why would these students choose not to use the transportation system It is more likely due to the fact that they are unfamiliar with the routes and the scheduled arrival departure times of the buses The most common piece of information that a student may know about the shuttling system is that it comes every fifteen minutes or so What happens when a student waits fifteen minutes for a bus and it never shows What if that bus arrives ten minutes late The student who spent his her time giving the shuttling system a chance may become discouraged from ever using the system again as he she may have been late to class and missed something very crucial to their education There are several types of shuttling services that the University provides for UCF affilia
244. ystems or components and only indicate the approximate performance of Atmel s products in accordance with those tests Use of other computer systems or components software etc may affect actual http www2 atmel com About legal aspx 2 4 A 6 Page PARACE Customers and prospective cudtoperoaseheroAbaetwwitkawher more reliable sources of information before purchasing Atmel s products For more information on performance of Atmel s products call U S 408 441 0311 Q JURISDICTION AND GOVERNING LAW Unless specifically stated otherwise all Materials in this website are made available for the sole purpose of providing information about Atmel and its products and services Atmel operates and controls this site from its headquarters m San Jose California United States of America and makes no representation that these Materials are appropriate or available for use in other geographical locations If you use this website from other locations you are solely responsible for compliance with applicable local laws Some software from this website may be subject to export controls imposed by the United States and may not be downloaded or otherwise exported or reexported 1 into or to a national or resident of any country to which the U S has place an embargo 2 to anyone on the U S Treasury Department s Specially Designated Nationals list or 3 the U S Commerce Department s Table of Denial Orders Atmel is not and cannot be liable for any th
245. z 6 half wave 2 1 dBi RF Mobile Antenna Digi A09 HASM 675 articulating RPSMA connector 1 20 Channel EM 406A SiRF III Receiver with GPS USGlobalSat EM 406A Antenna 1 MPD Memory Protection Cigarette Adapater Devices ZA5073 CORD STR W LED 5A FUSE DC PLUG 1 MSNE Series Nylon 1875 inch Stand Off RF Standoffs Richco MSNE 3 01 Nut for 4AB Self Tapping Screw 1 4 24 x 7 16 Self Tapping Screws Phillips RF Mounting Aaron s Self Drive Pan Head Hardened Steel Zinc Screws Tapping Screws 1013ST1413 Plated Type AB Full Thread 1 4 40 x 1 4 Machine Screws Phillips Drive PCB Mounting Aaron s Self Pan Head 18 8 Stainless Steel Plain Finish Screws Tapping Screws 1701SN0259 Full Thread ROHS Compliant 1 Advanced PCB Circuits custom order Custom Order PCB Board 1 ATMEL ATMEGA2560 16AU IC 8BIT Microcontroller Atmel ATMEGA2560 16AU MCU AVR 16MHZ TQFP 100 1 Microcontroller Citizen Finetech HC49US Crystal Oscillator Miyota 16 000MABJ UB CRYSTAL 16 000 MHZ 18PF HC49 US 1 Microcontroller C0805C220J5GACT Capacitor Kemet U CAP CERAMIC 22PF 50V NPO 0805 2 44 Page System Item Manufactur Part DescriptionNumber Qty erManufactu NumberDescri rer ption Microcontroller C0805C104K1RACT Capacitor Kemet U CAP CER 10UF 100V X7R 0805 4 Microcontroller CRCW080510KOJNE Resistor Vishay Dale A RES 10K OHM 1 8W 5 0805 SMD 1 RS232 TE Connectivity 5745781 4 CONN D SUB RECPT R A 9

Final Documentation - University of Central Florida

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents