HART Intelligent Temperature Transmitter TT411
Contents
1. To operate in multidrop mode it is necessary to see which transmitters are connected on the same line This operation is called polling and it is done automatically as soon as ON LINE MULTIDROP option is executed Research Corporation 21 TT411MAN 0503 General SMAR TT411 intelligent temperature transmitters are extensively tested and inspected before de livery to the end user Nevertheless during their design and development consideration was given to the possibility of repairs by the end user if necessary In general it is recommended that the end user do not try to repair printed circuit boards Instead he should have spare circuit boards which may be ordered from SMAR whenever necessary Diagnosis with Smar Hand Held Terminal Should any problem be noticed related to the transmitter s output investigation may be carried out by the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal as long as power is supplied and communication and the processing unit are operating normally The programmer should be connected to the transmitter in accordance with the wiring diagram shown on Section 1 Figures 1 4 1 5 and 1 8 Error Messages When communicating using the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal the user will be informed about any problem found by the transmitters self diagnostics The messages are always alternated with the information on the top line The table below lists the error messages Refer to trouble shooting for more details on corrective2. N DIN L 0 03 of the input milivoltage or 0 01 mV whichever is greater mV 50 500 mV 0 03 of the input milivoltage 0 05 mV whichever is greater Ohms 0 100 Ohm RTD GE Cu10 0 03 of the input resistance or 0 01 Ohm whichever is greater Ohms 0 400 Ohm RTD DIN Ni 120 IEC Pt50 Pt100 JIS Pt50 Pt100 0 03 of the input resistance or 0 04 Ohm whichever is greater Ohms 0 2000 Ohm RTD IEC Pt500 0 03 of the input resistance or 0 2 Ohm whichever is greater TC Cold junction compensation rejection 60 1 Reference 25 0 0 3 C Power Supply Effect 0 005 of calibrated span per volt Vibration Effect Meets SAMA PMC 31 1 Electro Magnetic Interference Effect Designed to comply with IEC 801 Physical Specifications Electrical Connection Accommodates conductors up to 2 5mm 12 AWG Mounting Snap onto any standard T type DIN mounting rail Research Corporation 26 TT411MAN 0503 CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Optional PID Proportional Gain 0 to 100 Integral Time 0 01 to 999 min rep Derivative Time 0 to 999 s Direct Reverse Action Lower and Upper output limits 0 6 to 106 25 Output rate of change limit 0 02 to 600 s Power on safety output 0 6 to 106 25 Antireset windup Bumpless Auto Manual transfer Setpoint Generator up to 16 points up to 19999 minutes Alarm Dual trip levels adjustable over entire range High or Low action Acknowledge
3. Wiring Diagram for TT411 working as a transmitter Smar Research Corporation 3 TT411MAN 0503 411 BUPPLY TRANSMITTER I P 2500 HPC301 Hand Held Terminal Fig 1 3 Wiring Diagram for the TT411 Working as Controller Connection of the TT411 working as a controller Optional should be as indicated in Figure 1 3 Connection of the TT411 in multidrop configuration should be done as in Fig 1 6 Note that a maximum of 15 transmitters can be connected on the same line and that they should be connected in parallel When many transmitters are connected to the same line calculate the voltage drop through the 250 Ohm resistor and verify that the voltage of the power supply is enough Fig 1 4 ATTENTION For proper operation the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal requires a minimum load of 250 Ohm between it and the powe upply The HPC301 Hand Held Terminal can be connected to the communication terminals of the transmitter or at any point of the signal line by using the interface with alligator clips IMPORTANT Make sure that the transmitter is operating within hen operating with dual sensor the sensors he operating area as shown on the load diagram an not be both grounded At least one has to Fig 1 6 Communication requires a minimum De not grounded for proper operation of load of 250 Ohm 7411 1650 1500 LOAD OHM 1000 4 20mA and digital communication 500
4. 250 12 20 30 40 45 POWER SUPPLY VOLT Fig 1 4 Load Curve Smar Research Corporation 4 TT411MAN 0503 t EE Soff F 7 2 WIRE RTD OR 3 WIRE RTD OR 4 WIRE RTD OR OHM INPUT OHM INPUT OHM INPUT 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 lt A Tf rin A Wie e DIFFERENTIAL MIN DIFFERENTIAL MIN MAX amp AVERAGE IN MAX amp AVERAGE IN EITHER RTD OR OHM EITHER THERMO INPUT COUPLE OR MILLIVOLT INPUT Fig 1 5 Sensor Wiring 250 Bower min SUPPLY TT411 TT411 TT411 Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter 1 2 3 4 HPC301 Hand Held Terminal Fig 1 6 Wiring Diagram for the 411 Multidrop Configuration Toma Research Corporation 5 TT411MAN 0503 The TT411 accepts signals from mV generators such as thermocouples or resistive sensors such as RTDs The criteria is that the signal is within the range of the input For mV the range is 50 to 500 mV and for resistance 0 2000 Ohm Functional Description Hardware Refer to the block diagram Fig 2 1 The function of each block is described below MUX Multiplexer The MUX multiplexes the sensor terminals to the signal conditioning section ensuring that the voltages are measured between the correct terminals Signal Conditioner Its function is to apply the correct gain to the input signals to make them suit the A D converter A D Converter The A D converts the input signal to a digital f
5. Source of Trouble Transmitter Connections e Check wiring polarity and continuity e Check for shorts or ground loops Power Supply e Check power supply output The voltage at the TT411 terminals must be between 12 and 45 Vdc and the ripple less than 0 4V Electronic Circuit Failure e Check the main board for defect by replacing it with a spare one Symptom NO COMMUNICATION Probable Source of Trouble Terminal Connections e Check terminal interface connections e Check if the interface is connected to the points COMM or in the line between the transmitter and the load resistor Transmitter Connections e Check if connections are as per wiring diagram e Check line resistance it must be equal to or greater than 250 Ohm between the transmitter and the power supply Power Supply e Check output of power supply The voltage at the TT411 terminals must be between 12 and 45 and ripple less than 0 4V Electronic Circuit Failure e Locate the failure by alternately replacing the transmitter circuit and the interface with spare parts Transmitter Address e In On Line Multidrop item check if the address is 0 Symptom CURRENT OF 21 0 mA OR 3 6 mA Probable Source of Trouble Transmitter Connection e Check if the sensor is correctly connected to the TT411 terminal block e Check if the sensor signal is reaching the TT411 terminal block by measuring it with a multimeter at the transmitter end For mV
6. action Diagnostics with the PALM DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES POTENTIAL SOURCE OF PROBLEM PARITY ERROR OVERRUN ERROR CHECK SUM ERROR e Excessive noise or ripple e Excessive noise or ripple e Excessive noise or ripple FRAMING ERROR e Excessive noise or ripple NO RESPONSE e The line resistance is not in accordance with load curve e Transmitter not powered e Interface not connected e Transmitter configured in Multidrop mode being accessed by ON LINE SINGLE UNIT LINE BUSY e Other device using the line CMD NOT IMPLEMENTED e Software version not compatible between PALM and transmitter e PALM is trying to carry out a TT411 specific command in a transmitter from another manufacturer TRANSMITTER BUSY e Transmitter carrying out an important task COLD START OUTPUT FIXED OUTPUT SATURATED SV OUT OF LIMITS PV OUT OF LIMITS e Start up or Reset due to power supply failure e Output in Constant Mode e Transmitter in Multi drop mode e Primary variable out of calibrated Span Output current in 3 8 or 20 5 mA XMTR mode only e Cold junction temperature sensor out of operating limits e Cold junction temperature sensor damaged e Input signal out of operating limits e Sensor damaged e Transmitter with false configuration e PV out of range limits see table smar Research Corporation 22 TT411MAN 0503 Troubleshooting the Transmitter Symptom NO LOOP CURRENT Probable
7. and thermocouples test can be done with connected and disconnected to the transmitter Sensor e Check the sensor operation it shall be within its characteristics e Check sensor type it should be the type and standard that the TT411 has been configured to e Check if process is within the range of the sensor and the TT411 NOTE A 21 0 or 3 6mA current in XMTR mode indicates burnout Smar Research Corporation 23 TT411MAN 0503 Symptom INCORRECT OUTPUT Probable Source of Trouble Transmitter Connections e Check power supply voltage The voltage at the TT411 terminals must be between 12 and 45V and ripple less than 0 4V e Check for intermittent short circuits open circuits and grounding problems Noise Oscillation e Adjust damping e Check grounding of the transmitters housing extra important for mV and thermocouple input e Check the terminal block for moisture e Check that the shielding of the wires between sensor transmitter and transmitter panel is grounded only in one end Sensor e Check the sensor operation it shall be within its characteristics e Check sensor type it shall be the type and standard that the TT411 has been configured to Electronic Circuit Failure e Check the integrity of circuit replacing it with a spare one Calibration e Check calibration of transmitter Smar Research Corporation 24 TT411MAN 0503 Section 5 Technical Data amp Specifications Functional Specifica
8. assign a value for the device within the HART network when there are several transmitters 13 TT411MAN 0503 INFO INFORMATION Is the option where the main information about the transmitter can be accessed 8 CHARACTERS DESCRIPTOR 16 CHARACTERS DATE MODIFIED MM DD YYYY MESSAGE UNIQUE ID 32 CHARACTERS Fig 3 3 Terminal Information Tree CONF CONFIGURATION Burnout TAG Eight character alphanumeric field for identification of the transmitter DESCRIPTOR 16 character alphanumeric field for additional identification of the transmitter May be used to identify service or location DATE MODIFIED The date may be used to identify a relevant date as the last calibration the next calibration or the installation The date is presented in the form of Month Day Year MESSAGE 32 character alphanumeric field for any other information such as the name of the person who made the last calibration some special care to be taken etc UNIQUE ID Readable only information The output may be programmed to go to the maximum limit 21 00 mA UP SCALE or to the minimum limit 3 6 mA DOWN SCALE should the transmitter fail e g over range due to open sensor If the TT411 operates as controller the safety out in PID should be used instead Research Corporation 14 TT411MAN 0503 This function allows the change of the passwords and the reading of the OPERATION COUNTER and check th
9. messaging 2 3 OR 4 WIRES DIFFERENTIAL SENSOR TYPE RANGE C RANGE F MINIMUM C DIGITAL RANGE C RANGE F MINIMUM C DIGITAL SPAN ACCURACY SPAN C ACCURACY Cu10 GE 20 to 250 4 to 482 50 1 0 270 to 270 486 to 486 50 2 0 Ni 120 DIN 50 to 270 58 to 518 5 0 1 320 to 320 576 to 576 5 0 5 Pt50 IEC 200 to 850 328 to 1562 10 0 2 1050 to 1050 1890 to 1890 10 1 0 RTD Pt100 IEC 200 to 850 328 to 1562 10 0 2 1050 to 1050 1890 to 1890 10 1 0 Pt500 IEC 200 to 450 328 to 842 10 0 2 NA NA NA NA Pt50 JIS 200 to 600 328 to 1112 10 0 25 800 to 800 1440 to 1440 10 1 0 Pt100 JIS 200 to 600 328 to 1112 10 0 25 800 to 800 1440 to 1440 10 1 5 B NBS 100 to 1800 212 to 3272 50 0 5 1700 to 1700 3060 to 3060 60 1 0 E NBS 100 to 1000 148 to 1832 20 0 2 1100 to 1100 1980 to 1980 20 1 0 J NBS 150 to 750 238 to 1382 30 0 3 900 to 900 1620 1620 30 0 6 K NBS 200 to 1350 328 to 2462 60 0 6 1550 to 1550 2790 to 2790 60 1 2 THERMO N NBS 100 to 1300 148 to 2372 50 0 5 1400 1400 2520 2520 50 1 0 COUPLE NBS 0 to 1750 32 to 3182 40 0 4 1750 to 1750 3150 to 3150 40 2 0 S NBS 0 to 1750 32 to 3182 40 0 4 1750 to 1750 3150 to 3150 40 2 0 T NBS 200 to 400 328 to 752 15 0 15 600 to 600 1080 to 1080 15 0 8 L DIN 200 to 900 328 to 1652 35 0 35 1
10. resistance of the other two wires are not interesting since no measurement is done on them Hence the voltage V2 is directly proportional to the RTD resistance V2 RTD x 1 1 R E v2 RTD a 7 R Fig 2 5 Four Wire Connection A differential connection is similar to the two wire connection and gives the same problem see Fig 2 6 Terminal 3 is a high impedance input Thus no current flow through and no voltage drop is caused but the resistance of the other two wires will be measured and does not cancel each other out in a temperature measurement since linearization will affect them differently 1 2 i y2 3 RTD 1 T lone Kb R RTD 2 Fig 2 6 Differential Connection Alarm The two alarms are software alarms and have no contacts available on the transmitter The alarms are acknowledged by using the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal which can view and configure alarms as well Toma Research Corporation 11 TT411MAN 0503 Section 3 Programming This section of the TT411 User Manual will briefly explain the HPC301 user interface and its various commands For more in depth information on the HPC301 software please refer to the HPC301 User Manual The HPC301 Hand Held Terminal The Smar HPC301 Hand Held Terminal is the human machine interface used to maximize the advances of digital technology The ter
11. 100 to 1100 1980 to 1980 35 0 7 U DIN 200 to 600 328 to 1112 50 0 5 800 to 800 1440 to 1440 50 42 5 Accuracy of value accessed by communication using the PALM The 4 20 mA accuracy is the digital accuracy 0 03 Not applicable for the first 20 of the range up to 440 C NA Not applicable Smar Research Corporation 27 TT411MAN 0503 RANGE MINIMUM SE mV SPAN mV DIGITAL ACCURACY 0 02 or 2 uV mV 10 to 100 0 02 or 10 uV 50 to 500 28 to 28 0 40 mV DIF 110 to 110 RANGE MINIMUM DIGITAL SENSOR OHM SPAN mV ACCURACY 0 to 100 1 0 02 or 0 01 Ohm OHM 0 to 400 4 0 02 or 0 04 Ohm 0 to 2000 20 0 02 or 0 20 Ohm 100 to 100 1 0 08 or 0 04 Ohm OHM DIF 400 to 400 4 0 1 or 0 2 Ohm smar Research Corporation 28 TT411MAN 0503 Mechanical Dimensions 75 0 zit 2 95 be ae CH Toma Research Corporation 29 TT411MAN 0503 Smar Research reserves the right to make changes to design and functionality of any product without notice Smar Research does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product Smar Research Technology Source and the SRC logo are registered trademarks of Smar Research Corporation The HART Fieldbus and Profibus Foundation logos are trademarks of their respective owners Smar Research Corporation 4250 Veterans Memorial Highway Holbrook NY USA
12. 11741 Tel 631 737 3111 Fax 631 737 3892 techinfo SmarResearch com www SmarResearch com HART E Seene Smar Research Corporation 30 TT411MAN 0503
13. D function PID Controller ON OFF Tuning Parameters This feature allows you to enter values into the Kp Tr and or Td fields PV and SP readouts E U check box switches readout between engineering unit and percentage Setpoint Tracking Enables or disables setpoint tracking Control Action Select between Direct or Reverse Control Mode Select between Automatic or Manual Configure MV Set the Manipulated Variable Configure SP Set the Setpoint SAFETY LIMITS Control Limits This option allows the toggling of the SP Power On mode between Automatic Manual and Last Mode This option also enables the adjustment of the following parameters of the controller Safety out Is the output after a power interruption or during a failure Out Chg s Is the maximum allowable rate of change of the output Low Limit Is the minimum allowable output in High Limit Is the maximum allowable output in SP TABLE Setpoint table When the Setpoint generator is on it will change the Setpoint automatically according to a table recipe To configure this table select SP TABLE in the menu This function allows simultaneous monitoring of 4 of the transmitters dynamic variables and output current on the display of the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal To activate it select MONIT in the main menu The display will show OUT Shows output in mA MV Shows output in PV Shows Process Variable in the selected engi
14. Single Unit Configuration To configure the transmitter on line certify that it is correctly installed with a suitable power supply and the minimum 250 Q load required Toma Research Corporation 12 TT411MAN 0503 Terminal Programming Tree Sensor Multidrop Fig 3 2 Terminal Programming Tree INFO is the option where the main information about the transmitter can be accessed CONF is the option where the Burnout can be changed MAINT is the option used to change Passwords to establish the password level attributed to each configuration operation and to read the operation counters SENSOR is used to configure the input for the sensor that is used and the form of connection used in the setup PID is the option where all control parameters may be adjusted and monitored MONIT is the option that allows the user to monitor 4 of the transmitters dynamic variables and output current Research Corporation RANGE is the option where the output related parameters are configured Lower Value Upper Value Unit Damping TRIM is the option used to match the transmitter indication with an Ohm mV and or a current standard ALARM is an alert method It is a dual alarm that is activated with certain actions and trip levels FACTORY preset parameter set in the factory These are not adjustable by a user only by the factory MULTIDROP is where the Polling Address is set This is to
15. SmarResearch TechnologySource HART ntel i g e nt Temperature Transmitter TT411 HART Fieldbus User Manual Profibus Intrinsic Safety Configuration Tools Semiconductors Training Custom Design Features Smart two wire 4 20 mA loop power transmitter with HART communication e Measures temperature using resistive sensors RTD s thermocouples sensors with resistance or mV outputs e Linearization international standards and custom calibration according to Callendar Van Dusen e Measurement Type Single sensor 2 3 or 4 wire configurations Dual Sensor Differential Average Maximum Minimum Extensive transmitter and sensor diagnostics Factory tested isolation for 1500V Fast snap on DIN mounting rail assembly Low cost panel installation Configured to customer specs prior to shipping Visit the SmarResearch technology center at www smarresearch com 1 TT411MAN 0503 The TT411 is a HART enabled intelligent temperature transmitter made by Smar Research This device measures temperature using RTD s thermocouples resistance or mV input The TT411 mounts on any industry standard T type DIN rail for easy integration with various sensors The TT411 meets all HART Foundation physical layer requirements and is fully configurable through software It is the purpose of this document to explain the setup installation operation and maintenance of the TT411 as well as provide all accompanying t
16. V INPUT BOARD MAIN BOARD SUPPEY ISOLATION SUPPLY e d PROCESSING UNIT D power SIGNAL AID RANGES Ee d L SPECIAL FUNCTIONS MUX gt CONDI 5 CONVER A PID OPTIONAL N TIONER TER T OUTPUT CONTROL 7 o SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODEM LIP R HART PROTOCOL BELL 202 OUTPUT Va AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SENSOR Fig 2 1 TT411 Block Diagram Functional Description Software Refer to the block diagram Fig 2 2 The function of each block is described below Input Calculates the actual mV or Ohm from the value sensed by the input circuitry Digital Filter The digital filter is a low pass filter with an adjustable time constant It is used to smooth noisy sig nals The Damping value is the time required for the output to reach 63 2 for a step input of 100 Input Trim Here the value obtained by READING TRIM is used to correct the transmitter for long term drift Standard Sensor Linearization amp Compensation Here the mV and Ohm measurements are linearized and cold junction compensated according to the sensor characteristics stored in the CPU The CPU contains data about most standard sensors available Special Sensor Here the mV and Ohm measurements may be linearized according to a customer specified lineari zation table stored in TABLE X Y Sensor TYPE and CONNECTION is specified as well In UNIT the desired engineering unit is configur
17. ation 19 TT411MAN 0503 TRIM The TRIM function is used to make the reading comply with the user s resistance voltage or current standards TRIM CURRENT READING EXIT gt 1 4 20 ZERO GAIN FACTORY EXIT 4 La CORRECT CORRECT ACTUAL ACTUAL Fig 3 6 Terminal Trim Tree ALARM This function affects the dual alarm The actions and trip levels can be configured independently for alarm 1 and 2 It also allows monitoring of alarm status and acknowledgement of alarms Alarm 0 indicates non configurable alarms such as burnout Acknowledge Acknowledges an alarm this will turn off alarm on the transmitter Action Configures the operation mode of the alarm off low or high Limits Configures the level at which the alarm will trip Configuring Alarms Low The alarm is activated when PV is below the trip level decreasing signal High The alarm is activated when PV is above the trip level increasing signal Off The alarm is disabled Smar Research Corporation 20 TT411MAN 0503 ON LINE MULTIDROP OPERATION Multidrop connection is formed by several transmitters connected a single communication transmis sion line Communication between the host and t
18. be installed within an isolated panel which will protect it from the elements The electronic circuit is protected by a humidity proof coating but frequent exposures to humidity may affect the protection pro vided Measurement error can be decreased by connecting the sensor as close to the transmitter as pos sible and using proper wires see Section II Operation Research Corporation 2 TT411MAN 0503 Mounting is fast and easy with a simple snap on to a standard DIN rail This product is compatible with any standard T type DIN rail Electric Wiring Access the wiring block by opening the protective tabs The connection description are spelled out on the label Connections 1 and 2 are used for communication to the device and to check loop current Connection 3 and 4 are for the power supply While Connection 5 through 8 are for the sensor terminals See Figure 1 1 for more detail The TT411 is protected against reversed polarity Connection of the TT411 working as a transmit ter should be performed as in Fig 1 2 Connection Description Test current and for communication TEST 24V Test current and for communication SmarResearch 24 VDC Power Supply 4 24 VDC Power Supply 5 Sensor Terminals 6 Sensor Terminals 7 Sensor Terminals 8 Sensor Terminals TT411 TRANSMITTER 2500 POWER SUPPLY 94938 HPC301 Hand Held Terminal Figure 1 2
19. e ORDERING CODE Here are a list of features which can be performed in the MAINTENANCE function Device Reset Power ON OFF LoopTest The output be set to any desired value between 3 9 and 21 mA regardless of input Operations Counter This feature allows you to view the number of changes done to the Zero Span Fixed Current Trim 4 amp 20mA Burnout Sensor Auto Manual and Multidrop Passwords Ordering Code For informational purposes Is used to configure the TT411 input for the sensor that is used and the form of connection RTD Resistive Temperature Detectors mV Linear Voltage Measurement Types Cu10 GE Types 6 22 mV 1120 DIN 10 100 mV Pt50 100 500 IEC 20 500 mV Pt50 100 JIS Configurable for 2 wires or differential Configurable for 2 3 4 wires or differential Special Special Sensor is used for special Ohm Linear Resistance Measurement sensors e g load cells or resistive position Types 0 100 Ohm indicators It turns the TT411 into a 0 400 Ohm transmitter for mass volume position etc 0 2000 Ohm Types Ohm Resistive output Configurable for 2 3 4 wires or differential mV Voltage output Configurable for 2 3 4 wires or differential TC Thermocouples Types J S T NBS Van Dusen L U DIN Types RTD s Configurable for 2 wires or differential Parameters RO COLD JUNCTION This Function is used to enable or disable the co
20. e for 2 3 4 wires or differential LRL Lower Range Limit The minimum lower value that the software will be configured to read URL Upper Range Limit The maximum upper value that the software will be configured to read Min Minimum Span The minimum Span that should be configurable in reading value not sensed input Special Sensor Table Unit Engineering Unit that should be associated with the measured variable If one of over 100 standard units is selected it will automatically get its HART protocol code This way all supervisory systems supporting HART can access the unit Should a special unit be necessary select SPECIAL in the UNIT menu Table x y Linearization Table Table that relates the measured input to reading X sensed input in Ohm or mV Y desired reading This is where the desired reading as a function of the sensor output is tabulated The sensor out put is entered as the x value The desired reading is entered as y value with the limitations 19999 lt Y lt 19999 Note the following limitations for the x values 2 3 or 4 DIFFERENTIAL WIRE each input 0 to 2000 0 to 1000 Table 3 2 Special Sensor Input Range TT411MAN 0503 Smar Research Corporation 16 This function allows the adjustment of the PID parameters including the Setpoint toggling of the Auto Manual mode and the tuning parameters Here is a list of configurations which can be performed in the PI
21. echnical specifications and data For the most up to date information on this product and other Smar Research products visit our website www SmarResearch com Section Page 1 Mounting amp Electrical 2 2 Operation 6 3 Programming 12 4 Maintenance amp Troubleshooting 22 5 Technical Data amp Specifications 25 The overall accuracy of temperature and other measurements depends on several variables AL though the transmitter has an outstanding performance proper installation is essential in order to maximize its performance Among all factors which may affect transmitter accuracy environmental conditions are the most difficult to control There are however ways of reducing the effects of temperature humidity and vibration Temperature fluctuation effects can be minimized by locating the transmitter in areas protected from ex treme environmental changes In hot environments the transmitter should be installed to avoid as much as possible direct expo sure to the sun Installation close to lines and vessels subjected to high temperatures should also be avoid ed For temperature measurements sensors with a cooling neck can be used or the sensor can be mounted separate from the transmitter housing Use of sun shades or heat shields to protect the transmit ter from external heat sources should be considered if necessary Humidity is fatal to electronic circuits In areas subjected to high relative humidity the device should
22. ed This unit is used in all communication with the transmit ter The LRL URL and MINimum Span are used to limit the range that can be set to be within the table and device accuracy Ranging It is used to set the process values corresponding to the output 4 and 20 mA in transmitter mode or process variable 0 and 100 in PID mode In transmitter mode the LOWER VALUE is the point corresponding to 4 mA and UPPER VALUE is the point corresponding to 20 mA In PID mode the LOWER VALUE corresponds PV 0 and UPPER VALUE corresponds to PV 100 Time Generator Optional Counts the time to be used by the Setpoint generator function It may be paused by using PAUSE and reseted to zero by using RESET Smar Research Corporation 7 TT411MAN 0503 Setpoint Optional Here the setpoint is adjusted in INDIC In this block Setpoint tracking may be activated in SP TRACKING The setpoint may also be generated automatically by turning the SP GENERATOR ON When run ning the setpoint generator will ramp and dwell the setpoint according to a table recipe configured in SP TABLE PID Optional First the error is calculated as SP PV or PV SP depending on which action direct or reverse is configured in ACTION MV edt Ta Tr Al Auto Manual Optional The Auto Manual mode is toggled in INDIC In Manual MV may be adjusted by the user in the INDIC option The POWER ON option is used here to determine in which mode the c
23. effect is sufficient to explain thermocouple behavior Research Corporation 8 TT411MAN 0503 C TEMP SENSOR OHM mV DIGITALFILTER DAMPING INPUT TRIM SPAN TYPE CONNECTION STANDARD SENSOR UNIT LINEARIZATION amp CJ SPECIAL SENSOR TABLE COMPENSATION LRL URL MIN PV URV RANGING LRV Ee EE BURNOUT se BUMPLESS A M ACTION 0 i SP GENERAL SETPOINT ACTION 3 ACTION z SP TABLE KPIR TD LIMIT 1 TR LIMIT 2 AIM AUTO MANUAL_ MV POWER ON ERROR SAFETY OUT HIGH i LIMITS Sow PID BLOCK OPTIONAL OUT MV FEEDBACK OP MODE PID OUT OUTPUT CURRENT TRIM mA Research Corporation 9 TT411MAN 0503 How the Thermocouple Works When there is a temperature difference along a metal wire a small electric potential unique to every alloy will occur This phenomenon is called Seebeck effect When two wires of dissimilar metals are joined in one end and left open in the other a temperature difference between the two ends will result in a voltage since the potentials generated by the dis similar materials are different and does not cancel each other out Now two important things must be noted First the voltage generated by the thermocouple is proportional to the difference between the measuring junction and the cold junction temperatures Therefore the temperature at the refer ence junction must be added to the temperature d
24. erived from the thermocouple output in order to find the temperature measured This is called cold junction compensation and is done automatically by the TT411 which has a temperature sensor at the sensor terminals for this purpose Secondly if the thermocouple wires are not used all the way to the terminals of the transmitter e g copper wire is used from sensor head or marshalling box new junctions with additional Seebeck effects will be created and ruin the measurement in most cases since the cold junction compensation will be done in the wrong point The relation between the measuring junction temperature and the generated millivoltage is tabulated in thermocouple calibration tables for standardized thermocouple types the reference temperature being 0 C Standardized thermocouple which are commercially used whose tables are stored in the memory of the TT411 are the following YNBS J R S T VDIN L U Thermo Resistances RTDs Resistance Temperature Detectors most commonly known as RTD s are based on the principle that the resistance of a metal increases as its temperature increases Standardized RTDs whose tables are stored in the memory of the TT411 are the following 1604 81 Pt50 amp Pt100 VIEC DIN JIS 1604 89 Pt50 Pt100 amp Pt500 Cu 10 v DIN Ni 120 For a correct measurement of RTD temperature it is necessary to eliminate the effect of the resis tance of the wi
25. he transmitters takes place digitally with the trans mitters analog output deactivated XMTR mode or with the analog output activated PID mode The communication with the transmitters and the host HPC301 Hand Held Terminal DCS Data Ac quisition System or PC can be done with a Bell 202 Modem using Hart Protocol Each transmitter is identified by a unique address from 1 to 15 The TT411 is factory set to address 0 that means a non multidrop operation mode allowing trans mitter to communicate with the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal superimposing the communication on the 4 20 mA signal To operate in multidrop mode the transmitter address must be changed to a number from 1 to 15 This change deactivates the 4 20 mA analog output sending it to 4 mA XMTR mode or keeps the 4 20 mA operation when the transmitter is configured for PID operating mode Ca j l Io lt min Imax A Laz Poe j l Ke al When intrinsic safety is a requirement special attention must be paid to the entity parameters al lowed to that area Where Ca La Allowable Capacitance and Inductance Li Non protected internal Capacitance Inductance of transmitter j to 15 Cable capacitance and Inductance Voc Barrier open circuit voltage Barrier short circuit current Vmax Maximum allowable voltage to be applied to the instrument Maximum allowable current to be applied to the instrument
26. ld junction compensation for TC sen sors Special Sensor Configuration Special Sensor is a function that allows sensors whose characteristics are not stored in the TT411 memory as a standard to be used Any sensor may be used provided that the TT411 can accept the sensors output The mV and Ohm limitations can be seen in table 3 2 The sensors characteristic can be programmed into the TT411 s EEPROM in form of a 16 point table Such tables are usually made available by the sensor manufacturer but can also be obtained by testing it The special sensor function can not be used at the same time as the Setpoint generator To change the special sensor configuration select special in the sensor menu Smar Research Corporation 15 TT411MAN 0503 VARIABLES inH2O InHg 2 mmH20 mmHg psi bar mbar g cm Pa KPa Ton ATM ft2 m gal m l min Gal m m h goals 1 5 MI d ft s ft d mid Gal h Gal d TO mim bbl s bbl m bbl h bbl d gal h Gal s 1 gal d SPEED s VOLUME ba 1 Gal bbl bush ft In OLUMETRIC FLOW mass fram ka Ton byStion fon OSS MASSFLOW be g min g h kg s kg m kg h kg d Ton m Ton h Ton d 16 5 bim Ib h Did Ton d pensity bai gicm kg m g ml g l TWARD BRIX Baum Baum L API So w Solv Ball misc hm Hz mA pH ps TABLE 3 1 Available Special Sensor Unit Special Types Ohm Resistive output mV Voltage output Configurabl
27. minal s front face is shown on Fig 3 1 The TT411 firmware allows the following configuration features to be accessed by the Palm software HPC301 Transmitter identification and specification data Remote re ranging MemePod MotePos Special sensor parameter adjustment Constant current adjustment between 3 6 and 21 mA for loop test e Monitoring of process variable in Engineering Units and mA e Controller monitoring for Setpoint Process Variable Manipu lated Variable and Auto Manual status e Controller parameter adjustment e Setpoint generator parameter adjustment Figure 3 1 Smar s HPC301 e Diagnosis and determining of faults in the processor or in the Hand Held Terminal transmitter The operations which take place between the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal and the transmitter does not interrupt the measurement and does not disturb the output signal The HPC301 Hand Held Terminal can be connected on the 4 20 mA line up to 2 km away from the transmitter Terminal Programming Tree The Programming tree is a tree shaped structure with a menu of all the available software re sources as shown in Figure 3 2 WARNING All transmitters are factory configured with no passwords To avoid operation by nonauthorized persons in some critical levels of the Programming Tree it is recommended to configure all passwords and configuration levels prior to operation See PASSWORD option in Maintenance section On Line
28. neering unit TAmb Shows ambient temperature in deg C PV Shows Process Variable in SP Shows Setpoint in SP Shows Setpoint in the selected engineering unit TIME Shows the Setpoint generator time in min ER Shows deviation between SP and PV Research Corporation 17 TT411MAN 0503 This function determines the 4 20 mA output of the transmitter Here the transmitter can be re ranged having the damping adjusted The Engineering Units displayed on the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal can also be changed Re Ranging The 411 To re range a transmitter is to change the input values related to 4 mA and to 20 mA There are two ways to do it with the TT411 1 Using the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal from keyboard where signal input is not required 2 Using the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal with an input signal or calibrator as reference to applied input In transmitter mode the Lower Value always corresponds to 4 mA and the Upper Value to 20 mA in PID mode the Lower Value corresponds to PV 0 and the Upper Value to PV 100 Re Ranging From Keyboard The TT411 may be adjusted to give 4 and 20 mA corresponding to given temperature values The TT411 has the expected input from several standard sensors output at different temperatures programmed in its memory Therefore the zero and span input does not have to be generated when the TT411 is re ranged thus there is no need to connect it to a calib
29. ontroller should be upon powering it on Limits Optional This block makes sure that the MV does not go beyond its minimum and maximum limits as estab lished by the HIGH LIMIT and LOW LIMIT It also makes sure that the Rate of Change does not exceed the value set in OUT CHG S These values are adjusted in the SAFETY LIMITS option Output Calculates the current proportional to the process variable or Manipulated variable to be transmit ted on the 4 20 mA output depending if the PID Module is ON or OFF This block also contains the constant current function configured in OUTPUT Current Trim The 4 mA TRIM and 20 mA TRIM are used to make the transmitter current comply with a current standard should a deviation arise Temperature Sensors The TT411 as previously explained accepts several types of sensors The TT411 is specially de signed for temperature measurement using thermocouples or thermoresistances RTDs Some basic concepts about these sensors are presented below Thermocouples Thermocouples are the mot widely used sensors in industrial temperature measurements Thermocouples consist of two wires made from different metals or alloys joined at one end called measuring junction The measuring junction should be placed at the point of measurement The other end of the thermocouple is open and connected to the temperature transmitter This point is called reference junction or cold junction For most applications the Seebeck
30. ormat for the CPU Isolator Its function is to isolate the control and data signal between the input and the CPU CPU Central Processing Unit amp PROM The CPU is the intelligent portion of the transmitter being responsible for the management and operation of all other blocks linearization cold junction compensation and communication The program is stored in the PROM as well as the linearization data for the temperature sensors For temporary storage of data the CPU has an internal RAM the data in the RAM is lost if the power is switched off however the CPU also has an internal nonvolatile EEPROM where data that must be retained is stored Examples of such data are calibration configuration and identification data D A Converter Converts the digital output data from the CPU to an analog signal Output Controls the current in the line feeding the transmitter It acts as a variable resistive load whose value depends on the voltage from the D A converter Modem Modulates a communication signal on the current line 1 is represented by 1200 Hz and a 0 by 2200 Hz These signals are symmetric and do not affect the DC level of the 4 20 mA signal Power Supply Takes power of the loop line to power the transmitters circuit This is of course limited to 3 9 mA Power Isolation Its function is to isolate power supply between the input and the CPU Research Corporation 6 TT411MAN 0503 TC Ohm RTD m
31. rator for re ranging purposes Observe that both LOWER and UPPER VALUES are completely independent Adjustment of one does not affect the other Although the following rules must be observed a Both LOWER and UPPER VALUES should not be smaller than lower range or greater than high range b The span UPPER VALUE LOWER VALUE should be greater than the MINIMUM SPAN If you intend to reverse a signal i e to have the UPPER VALUE smaller than the LOWER VALUE proceed as follows Make the Lower Value as close to the Upper Value as possible or vice versa observing the minimum span allowed set the Upper Value to the desired setting and then set the Lower Value Example lf the transmitter is ranged so that LOWER VALUE 4 0 Ohms Considering that the Minimum Span IEC Pt100 UPPER VALUE 20 mA 100 Ohms is 10 Ohms you must change the settings as follows and you want to change the settings to a Set the LOWER VALUE 90 i e 100 10 LOWER VALUE 4 mA 100 Ohms b Set the UPPER VALUE 0 Ohms UPPER VALUE 20 0 Ohms Set the LOWER VALUE 100 Ohms Smar Research Corporation 18 TT411MAN 0503 Re Ranging to Applied Input This is the most conventional way to re range or to calibrate a transmitter Apply the input to which you want to set the 4 mA PV 0 point If through the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal you tell the transmitter that this is the 4 mA PV 0 point this input is set as the Lower Value and the span i
32. res connecting the sensor to the measuring circuit In some industrial applications these wires may be hundreds of meters long This is particularly important at locations where the ambient temperature changes a lot The T1411 permits 2 wire connection which may cause measuring errors depending on the length of connection wires and on the temperature to which they are exposed see Fig 2 3 In a 2 wire connection the voltage V2 is proportional to the RTD resistance plus the resistance of the wires V2 RTD 2 1 2 1 R d v2 RTD N 3 4 R Fig 2 3 Two Wire Connection Smar Research Corporation 10 TT411MAN 0503 In order to avoid the resistance effect of the connection wires it is recommended to use a 3 wire connection see Fig 2 4 or a 4 wire connection see Fig 2 5 In a 3 wire connection terminal 3 is a high impedance input Thus no current flows through that wire and no voltage drop is caused The voltage V2 V1 is independent of the wire resistances since they will be canceled out and is directly proportional to the RTD resistance alone V2 V1 RTD R x I Rx RTDx I 2 1 R v2 RTD Ee SE v1 Ge R Fig 2 4 Three Wire Connection In a 4 wire connection terminals 2 and are high impedance inputs Thus no current flows through those wires and no voltage drop is caused The
33. s maintained The same procedure is applied for the Upper Value Example A transmitter with resistance input is ranged so that LOWER VALUE 0 Ohm UPPER VALUE 100 Ohm After installation the potentiometer residual may give a reading of for instance 5 Ohm when the re sistive position indicator is at zero The zero suppression is easily accomplished with the re ranging with reference The Lower Value is the transmitter reading of the applied input The Upper Range Value may be changed in the same way As mentioned before the transmitter reading in Engineering Units of the 4 20 mA points may differ slightly from your plant standard Although the 4 20 mA setpoints will operate properly within these applied settings the transmitter reading in Engineering Units may indicate a slightly different value The function TRIM READING can be used to match the transmitter reading in Engineering Units to your plant standard thereby eliminating any eventual differences Unit The Engineering Units of the HPC301 Hand Held Terminal display may be changed when the option PV UNIT of the RANGE function is selected The following units are available For mV input always mV For Ohm input always ohm For thermocouple and RTD input v degrees Celsius v degrees Fahrenheit v degrees Rankine v Kelvin Damping This RANGE function enables the electronic damping adjustment The damping may be adjusted between 0 and 32 sec Smar Research Corpor
34. tions Inputs Options see table Output Signal Two wire 4 20 mA with superimposed digital communication HART Protocol Version 5 1 Transmitter Poll Response mode Common 4 20 mA Power Supply 12 to 45 Vdc Load Limitation 1650 1500 LOAD OHM 1000 4 20 and digital Communication 500 250 12 20 30 40 45 POWER SUPPLY VOLT Hazardous Location Not explosion proof If explosion proof is required you must install the device in an approved explosion proof panel Zero and Span Adjustment Noninteractive by Hand Held Terminal Temperature Limits Operation 40 to 75 C 40 to 167 F Storage 40 to 120 C 40 to 250 F Loss of Input Burnout Failure Alarm In case of sensor burnout or circuit failure the self diagnostics drives the output to 3 6 or to 21 0 mA accord ing to the user s choice Humidity Limits 10 to 100 RH Turn on Time Approximately 10 seconds Update Time Approximately 0 5 second Toma Research Corporation 25 TT411MAN 0503 Damping Adjustable 0 32 seconds Configuration This is done by an external Hand Held Terminal that communicates with the transmitter remote or locally us ing Hart Protocol Performance Specifications Accuracy See the following tables Ambient Temperature Effect For a 10 C variation mV 6 22 mV TC NBS B S 0 03 of the input milivoltage or 0 002 mV whichever is greater mV 10 100 mV TC NBS J
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