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1. Offer Selection of Over 18 DIY Educational Kits Courseware Our courseware offers many options to aid in electronics training and lab instruction A robust electronics trainer suitable for all levels of electronics instruction and design Surface Mount Basic Fixed Test Leads Device Soldering amp model CT3737 Re Work Tool Kit Provides users with the The set includes 11 tools basic connection leads to commonly used for begin using one s digital working with surface CN multimeter DMM T mount components RDB 10 Resistance B Pm PRO S Lab Decade Box Ww Breadboard with External A compact convenient tool for p VAS me Power amp Jumper Wires aiding in engineering design and X testing as well as calibration of test equipment August 2012 NUTS VOLTS 7 How Much to Invest have a general rule when it comes to tools electronics and accessories buy the best that can afford at the time There s nothing more frustrating than having to buy another widget because didn t spend the extra dollar to get a feature that didn t know I needed This defensive purchasing sounds simple but in practice it s a difficult rule to follow Let me give an example I m preparing a series of articles for our sister publication SERVO on autonomous aerial vehicles Thanks to open source hardware autopilots and ground control software it s possible to build a fully auton
2. SHARPENING YOUR TOOLS OF CREATIVITY FURTHER EXPLORATIONS WITH PICAXE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT In this month s Primer we re going to continue our explorations of temperature measurement with PICAXE processors but before we get to that want to give you an update on my Freezer Alarm project By the time I had finished writing the previous column my freezer alarm had been functioning perfectly for a couple of weeks and it continued to do so for another month or so However one morning I heard the alarm s repetitive beeping emanating from the basement Expecting the worst went downstairs to see what had happened When I opened the freezer door the spring based thermometer that keep inside the freezer to check on the accuracy of the 20M2 based thermometer indicated that the freezer temperature was well below my alarm set point in fact it was slightly below 0 F t took me a while to figure out what had happened Last time mentioned that while was developing the freezer alarm project observed that its temperature varied between 5 F and 20 F What didn t mention was that this observation led me to assume that didn t need to deal with the possibility that the freezer temperature might occasionally drop below 0 F so the program didn t respond correctly to a sub zero Fahrenheit temperature The moral of the story is that taking the easy way out isn t always the best approach You might think tha
3. al NUWW nutsvolts com t Rb Ta f RUN Se SO NN Be ym Soler Pendulum Miners your friends with tis iin BEAM based gadeet SB70LC Board The complete hardware and software solution 3 The SB70 Development Kit N pm un The NetBurner SB70 LC Development Kit is available to customize any Wh aspect of operation including web pages data filtering or custom a LA network applications The kit includes platform hardware ANSI C C compiler TCP IP stack web server e mail protocols RTOS flash file system Eclipse IDE debugger and cables The kit enables you to f 6 9900 communicate with peripherals that use SD MMC Flash Card including SDHC SPI C or the general purpose digital I O interface The SB70LC Development Kit NetBurner security suite option includes SSH v1 v2 and SSL support D o poa osPic whenever you play we play with you Our free technical support is part of your team We don t just sit and watch the game we play along Choose any microcontroller architecture and you ll have complete examples libraries help files and stunning community projects awaiting Your success is our passion We leave no man behind E MikroElektronika WAWIFIKTSCOm DEVELOPMENT TOOLS I COMPILERS BOOKS www libstock com DIY Projects Programmable Controllers Wild Thumper Based Robot Item 1336 Wixel Programmable USB Wireless Module 1383 Pololu Simple Motor MF U
4. Recap Last month in the C theory section we looked at C programming concepts for enums and data structures In the lab section we got started with the DS1307 real time clock RTC IC Then right in the midst of exploring these Mayes uy AA Battery hee nM EI Arduino UNO wu Arce i a t T Por R ARAL NS IN AE CUBE 52 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at Fritzing With the Arduino Part 1 concepts stumbled across Fritzing an open source application that attempts to do for hardware design electronics computer aided design what the Arduino did for software Fritzing is a very novice friendly open software package that you can use to design shields for Arduinos Even though it is still in beta it has many very interesting and useful features So decided to put our study of time on the shelf and do two workshops on Fritzing then come back to how C programmers deal with time later Fritzing is being developed by the Interaction Design Lab of the University of Applied Sciences Potsdam Germany It is open source so there are contributors from all over the world You can get more information from www fritzing org Since this is breadboard centric you may want to take a look at my blog post on breadboards at http smiley micros com blog 2012 06 09 introduction to breadboards and schematics Fritzing am constantly reminded
5. However my only LED 2x7 board was busy monitoring the freezer and wanted to keep it there At first thought would just build another LED 2x7 board but then realized that have a couple of other projects that would also benefit from a two digit LED display If you ve already built an LED 2x7 board you know that it takes a fair amount of time to complete and was in a hurry to get started on the next project so decided to see if could simplify the circuitry a bit by eliminating the 20M2 processor and redesigning the board so that it could be directly inserted into any 20M2 breadboard circuit That way in the immediate future only need one additional stripboard circuit which can move from project to project as necessary Then when complete a project can construct a custom stripboard for it with whatever additional circuitry may be required e g a power supply won t take up a lot of space discussing the new version of the board LED 2x7v2 because realize that not everyone will want to build another display board However do want to include the basics so that you can decide whether it s a project you want to tackle The schematic for the re designed LED 2x7v2 board is shown in Figure 1 As you can see it s much simpler than the original design It also only requires one stripboard rather than the two that were needed for our original project In retrospect wish I had t
6. Tip Fresa Chl F11 ip change the ermudalzr onentabon 72 NUTSsVOLTS August 2012 lE SCREENSHOT 9 The Galaxy Tab s screenshot capability is overridden when it is in debug mode So to show you the new button resorted to the Basic4android IDE s Screenshot tool thus far the Generate Members tool will only create a single subroutine called btnStart Click We could also have generated btnStart_Up or btn Start Down by selecting them in the Generate Members selection window For now just clicking the button will do fine Naturally the Basic4android IDE wants us to name our new single button layout l ve done so in Screenshot 11 Now we need to write just a wee bit of code Sub Activity Create FirstTime As Boolean Activity LoadLayout designcyclelayout End Sub Let s compile what we have so far and see what turns up Behold Screenshot 12 Note that the screen title is START BUTTON That is actually the Activity name which specified in the Basic4android Designer By the way in addition to compiling this little START Button app Basic4android installed it on my Galaxy Tab can actually disconnect my Galaxy Tab from the PC and run the START Button app by tapping its icon That s pretty sweet for just one line of code With that let s write another line of code to have the START button kick off what is called a Toast Message Sub bbunsSrtart Click ToastMessageShow START BUTTON PRESSED True End Su
7. d EMOS Ai LIemeaosint carmn HOG 45 4667 INTERNATIONAL sales lemoasint com lt 2 WORLD S MOST VERSATILE IRC BOARD HOLDERS Our line of Circuit Board Holders add versatility amp precision to your DIY electronics project Solder atra assemble amp organize with ease MONTHLY CONTEST Visit us on Facebook to post a photo of your creative PanaVise project for a chance to win a PanaVise prize package PANAVISE Innovative Holding Solutions M vstuson EH 7540 Colbert Drive e Reno e Nevada 89511 1 800 759 7535 www PanaVise com August 2012 NUTSiVOLTS 25 LOGIC DESIGN TRAINER he new and improved Model PB 502 Advanced Logic Design Trainer from Global Specialties is compact and lightweight and lists for 300 This new trainer offers a 840 tie point breadboard area and eight power rails with 25 tie points each The PB 502 also features a 1 Hz 1 kHz and 100 kHz clock pulsers logic switch input ports eight SPST logic switches and buffered LED logic indicators TTL CMOS operation seven segment LCD display two fully debounced pushbuttons with true logic output ports and is powered by an external power pack adapter that is included The new trainer contains all of the necessary functions and features for the design or studying of basic circuits such as clocks switches and lights The PB 502 is housed in a tough molded plastic black carrying case with integ
8. Follow us on your favorite network site and look for a lot of super deals posted frequently exclusively for our followers KNS1 Beginners To Advanced It s Fun Learn and build 130 200 300 amp 500 in one electronic labs EE Practical through hole and SMT soldering labs Integrated circuit AM FM radio lab Fuel Cell Solar Hydrogen and Bio Energy labs Beginner s non soldering kits For over 3 decades we ve become famous for making electronics fun while at the same time making it a great learning experience As technology has changed over these years we have continued that goal PL130A Gives you 130 different electronic projects together with a comprehensive learning manual describing the theory behind all the projects PL200 Includes 200 very creative fun projects and includes a neat interactive front panel with 2 controls speaker LED display and a meter PL300 Jump up to 300 separate projects that start walking you through the learning phase of digital electronics PL500 The ultimate electronics lab that includes 500 separate projects that cover it all from the basics all the way to digital programming SP3B Whether young or old there s always a need to hone your soldering skills Either learn from scratch or consider it a refresher and end up with a neat little project when you re done SM200K Move up to Surface Mount Technology Sul soldering and learn jd ay to solder those tiny
9. Presented in a step by step easy to follow format 25 hour class Average 98 pass rate GROL encompasses FCC Elementa 1 3 amp 8 Tuition includes instruction fees books FCC License issuance also included Elkins Training Company 60 years experience in technical training testing licensing Elkins Institute dba of BFT Training Unlimited Inc is national Commercial Operator License Examination Manager COLEM for the Federal Communications Commission FCC Call ELKINS for more information 800 821 0906 or 707 792 5578 emadl infoitelkinstruining cem uwxcwelkinstraining com A AP CIRCUITS PCB Fabrication Since 1984 As low as Two Boards Two Layers Two Masks each One Legend Unmasked boards ship next day www apcircuits com iy VISA MasterCara IPC MEMPER BBB ASSOCIATION CONNECTING TE I ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES RF Specialis fs Hants GSM GPRS From Par 15 to Par 99 Compitaat RAI Solutrons Narrow Bord FIM UNF Multi Chense n3 Hes erneuern qub sereg m LI a NM m Industrial Bluetooth Data loggers OEM Modules Wireless Device Servers 95 232 Stand Alone and Long range options low cos Wireless Mesh Networking Logger MO GPS liyBee Pro DEM Modules and U5B ZigEee Sticks DEM Modules and USB ZigBee Sticks Mesh Networks Mesh Networks AS2d2 7 422 409 10 WI F Adapter Connect Data Acquisition Egolpment through Seria Port to Wi Fi network
10. coupled with a low typical quiescent current of 23 uA Additionally the MCP6V11 and MCP6V31 single amplifiers are both available in small five pin SOT 23 and five pin SC 70 packages enabling minimal use of board space ease of system design and reduced cost For more information contact Microchip Web www microchip com PROJECT CLOCK VERSION 10 RELEASED yberMatrix Corporation has released version 10 of Project Clock an easy to use project time recording and time billing program for Windows Project Clock 10 contains several important improvements The most significant change in version 10 is the new billing module that provides a more convenient way to bill clients for time and expenses Full Unicode support was added to allow translations of all multi byte languages such as Chinese Japanese and Russian In addition a new enterprise edition of Project Clock that can connect to virtually any database server is now available Project Clock is used by consultants lawyers engineers contractors project managers or anyone else who must accurately record the time spent on different projects or tasks Continued on page 76 visit store NK electronics com arduint 7 Arduino UNO R3 Arduino Leonardo Arduino MEGA 2560 R3 Y Ethernet Shield Starter Kits Shields for Arduino Serial LCD E Recyching amp Remarketing High Technology WEIRDSMURE Gul Te WE BUY SELL EXCESS 4 OBSOLETE INVENTORIES Carib
11. ste se E E se 8 9 9 xr T 19 9 9 9 9 9 9 9359 of t s LH i vevvevveveeveve Rotate 180 Rotate 90 Cc LEELEE S Duplicate Ctrl D t Delete Del a Edit Ctrl Return Add to bin Show part label 56 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Rotate 45 Clockwise Rotate 90 Clockwise N ter Clockwise Rotate 45 Counter Clockwise Fritzing session searched a bit further and found a more recent version of that file and it worked just fine Lesson You might have to mess around a bit to find these parts and they might not work This is just one of the joys of open source design Now notice in Figure 16 that the part selector box shows MHz which probably means the author of this part reused an image since the price is right we won t fault him The part itself looks like the watch crystal we will be using so we drag it over to the DS1307 and drop it onto pins 1 and 2 Unfortunately it covers the IC and blocks most of the breadboard connections for pins 7 and 8 so let s flip the part around 180 as shown in Figure 17 The Inspector Window Boy howdy Am embarrassed was writing this tutorial on the fly while learning to use Fritzing and after all that rigamarole about how to import a DS1307 since they only have a DS1302 find was wrong wrong wrong The DS1302 part has a DS1307 variant that you can select in the Inspector
12. 1N5228 zener diode 1N5228BFSCT ND C1 1 000 uF 35V electrolytic capacitor 493 1085 ND C2 33 uF 16V electrolytic capacitor 493 1038 ND C3 C4 0 1 uF capacitor EF1104 ND S1 S4 SPST momentary switch CKN9098 ND T1 1 1 isolation transformer 600 ohm 237 1121 ND T2 12 VAC 500 mA wall wart T1007 ND RL1 DPDT relay five volt coil 255 1062 ND MOV 160V Sidactor surge suppressor P1300EAL ND LCD Two line 20 character HD44780 controller 73 1344 ND BT1 Holder for four AA alkaline batteries BH24AAL ND used junk box parts in my circuit these part numbers should be equivalent but are suggestions only August 2012 NUTSsVOLIS 39 Place the reset button somewhere it can t be easily pressed by curious hands mounted mine on the back side of the circuit board use a paper clip or pen point to press it through a pinhole in the case Mount everything securely in the case with enough room for sensor cables phone and power connections Figure 6 Before installing the backup battery and diodes D2 and D3 build a small test circuit with a test load of about 200 ohms to verify that the voltage across the test load is indeed about 4 75V since diode voltage drops do vary somewhat You may need to adjust the number of diodes to tweak the voltage and you ll definitely need three or more 1N4004s if you choose to use lithium AA batteries due to their higher cell voltage Using a low power NAP command in the code loop re
13. All transistors 23904 or equivalent MUST operate on 6 volts with Reep value shown Figure 3B higher voltages up to the 15 volt limit of CMOS Use Ohm s Law to get 20 mA of current through the optocoupler RLED combo For the RLED value shown 47 ohm a six volt supply is required In practice took the circuit board from a cell phone car adapter and floated it with a diode to get the six volt regulated output From a 24 volt source use a 12 volt series zener to drop the voltage to 12 volts to the cell phone car adapter A one watt zener is sufficient Originally tried using a CD4060 for this but found the circuit to be more predictable The approximate component placement is shown below the circuit Actual wiring may vary The circuit has been in operation for over six months now and works great If an actual pushbutton is used the circuit may have potential electrostatic discharge susceptibility through the pushbutton to the D m LOOK FOR E SEARCH FOR Find your favorite advertisers here B FIND ADvertiser input While have not had issues with this have a small grounded loop near the pushbutton to reduce static discharge through it Using a pushbutton with a grounded static shield is recommended Most parts including the solderable breadboard are from AllElectonics com though the 4015 is from Digi Key Jim Lacenski via email INDEX 1 WIRE MikioElektoniKaue eer ES 3 PR
14. Full Color RGB LED Module XC 4234 7 25 N MOSFET Driver amp Output Module XC 4244 5 25 Logic Level Converter Module XC 4238 5 25 Shift Register Expansion Module XC 4240 5 25 Real Time Clock Module XC 4272 21 75 Post amp Packing Charges ProtoShield Basic Cat XC 4214 e Gold plated surface Also available ProtoShield Short Mega Prototyping Shield LeoStick Prototyping Shield Terminal Shield 433MHz Receiver Shield Cat BM 7132 the heart of Arduino NOW SHIPPING VIA DHL HOW TO ORDER Order Value Cost WEB WWW jayCarus 25 49 99 7 50 e Max weight 12Ib 5kg PHONE 1 800 784 0263 50 99 99 20 liaavier FAX 61 2 8832 3118 parcels POA EMAIL t echstore jaycar com 100 199 99 40 e Minimum order 25 POST las 200 499 99 60 500 75 Australian Eastern Standard Time Note Products are dispatched from Australia so local customs duty amp taxes may apply ALL PRICING IN US DOLLARS EtherMega Mega s sized Arduino compatible with Ethernet Cat XC 4256 Network connected Arduino compatible board combining an ATmega2560 MCU onboard Ethernet a USB serial converter a microSD card slot for storing gigabytes of web server content or data Power over Ethernet support amp an onboard switchmode voltage regulator so it runs on up to 28VDC s without overheating e 10 100base T Ethernet built in e 16 a
15. If you re interested in plugging into that intelligent Android brick you call a phone get in the truck SO YOU WANT TO PROGRAM YOUR PHONE don t need it either Pull that seatbelt tight and enjoy the ride If you want to follow the traditional Android program development path you ll have to use Java and XML Java is a great programming language if you know how to use it In addition to Java and XML you ll need to install and absorb an Android bent IDE like Eclipse The whole Java XML Eclipse ball of Android wax is underwritten by the Android SDK Regardless of your Java knowledge level you can t beat the price All of the aforementioned Android programming tools are FREE All you have to invest is your time to write meaningful Android applications using Java and Eclipse If you don t already know how to code in Java you ll invest a ton of time to produce that very first app Now that you re in the truck you ll notice that I m not driving down that old familiar road with you When it comes to writing and executing Android code understanding and using the Android SDK is a must However you don t need to be a Java expert to write Android apps Eclipse is a wonderful Android tool You 68 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 INSTANT ANDROID GRATIFICATION Well almost Before we can push some program bits through that smartphone USB portal we need to establish an application development base As mentioned before that base
16. Zs as shown in Figure SB3 Zs is composed of the reactance of Cc Xc and the resistance of the switch Rs A high switching frequency f keeps Xc low since Xc 1 2 n f C Rs depends on the size of the MOSFET switching transistors in an IC the transistors are relatively small So the value of Zs is mostly determined by Rs Zs For the TC962 Rs is about 35 ohms A value of 35 ohms may not sound like much but at a load current of 20 mA it causes a 0 7 volt drop in output voltage The bottom line is that devices like the TC962 work best in low power applications Figure SB3 Source Impedance Efficiency Charge pumps have two specifications for efficiency voltage conversion efficiency nV and power conversion efficiency np Voltage conversion efficiency is the measure of how well the magnitude of Vout matches the magnitude of Vin NV Vout Vin x 100 Power conversion efficiency is nP Pout Pin x 100 For the TC962 voltage conversion efficiency is 99 9 so the two magnitudes would differ by no more than 0 196 with no load The power conversion efficiency is 9796 so 396 of the input power is lost in the process of converting V to V rubbing alcohol and a scrub brush Then before applying power give the assembled board a good visual inspection Fix any problems you find Apply V4 and measure Voj and Voy with your multimeter You should have a working unit Now find a project where you can put it to good
17. and D5 D2 and D3 drop the nominal 6 2 volts provided by four fresh alkaline batteries down to about 4 75 volts As long as the AC power is on negligible current is drawn from the batteries since the 7805 s five volt output is above the 4 75 volt output from the batteries D5 prevents current from the batteries leaking backwards through the 7805 during a power failure and keeps the optoisolator s LED lit The PIC and DS1621 work fine down to four volts or less and capacitor C2 ensures that they won t notice the switch from AC to battery power The flooding sensor consists of two wires placed about a centimeter apart where floodwaters will touch both of them and complete a high impedance circuit to the input of inverter U4B The resistance of a centimeter of water is less than the one megohm pull up resistor so the input is pulled low U4C then inverts the signal again to provide an active low signal to the PIC Unless the cable from the flooding sensor to the inverter input is very short a few feet at most it would be a good idea to build a separate circuit board for the sensor and a dedicated 74HC14 inverter chip Use one of the inverter s outputs to send the signal through the cable back to the PIC since the low impedance output is a lot less sensitive to interference and glitches over a long cable run than a high impedance input would be If necessary multiple sensors can be installed wherever flooding may be encountered wi
18. especially with the right software This article guides you through the basic principles you need to get started before discussing enhancements that can turn a simple alarm system into an intelligent house NW L QUALITY Parts FAST Shipping DISCOUNT Pricing CALL WRITE FAX or E MAIL for a FREE 96 page catalog C O REF O R A T O N Outside the U S A send 3 00 postage STANDARD RACING SERVO ARDUINO UNO R3 COUPLING TRANSFORMER Analog servo motor Standard size 1 55 x 0 73 x 1 46 39 4 x 18 5 x 37 1mm 49oz in torque 6Vdc Speed 0 23sec 60 4 8V 0 19 sec 60 6V 6 5 leads with standard 3 conductor female connector CAT DCS 110 IONIZER Seawise Industrial Ltd Model SW750 Input 120 Vac Output 7 5 KV 60 Hz The main component in a household ionization unit 2 2 x 1 x 0 86 0 UL recognized CAT SW 750 s450 each 12 VDC XENON FLASHER Bright strobe assembly with horseshoe flashtube Approximately 80 flashes per minute 12 Vdc operation 65 x 75mm CAT FSH 13 5520 each 2 CONDUCTOR WEATHER RESISTANT CONNECTOR each sQ75 Mating weather resistant a polarized connectors 12 red amp black 14 gauge stranded wire 10 CAT CON 319 940 each 21MM PIEZO ELEMENT 50mm wire leads CAT 0 s122 each www allelectronics com An open source physical computing platform based on a simple i o board and a development environment that
19. first computer a Timex Sinclair 1000 a little Z80 based machine with 2 kB of memory and a processing speed of 3 25 MHz Two days after shelling out 29 95 for the unit it croaked as did many of the others produced by the joint venture between Timex Corp and Sinclair Research Still it was fascinating that at least in theory it was possible to build something for well under 100 that could perform many of the same functions as the IBM 4341 mainframe down the hall B The AllWinner A10 Android PC which cost about 275 000 but was loaded with a whopping 4 MB of main memory Thirty years later the almost free concept has reappeared in the form of the AllWinner A10 Android Mini PC Details about the Chinese made machine are sketchy but by picking data from various websites it seems to be powered by a 1 5 GHz CPU plus a Mali 400 GPU as used in the Samsung Galaxy SII smartphone It comes with 512 MB of DDR3 RAM and 4 GB of nand flash and it offers Wi Fi 802 11b g connectivity Video output is 1080 p HDMI and it all runs on the Android 4 0 operating system Included in the package is an AC adapter EU plug HDMI cable mini USB to USB OTG adapter and a user manual both in Chinese and English It s hard to say what you might want to use it for but for only about 75 at various online stores maybe you ll figure something out A UP TO 32 7 HOURS BETWEEN CHARGES f the laptop marketplace seems to be a confusing mass of machines
20. generated by IC3 IC3A is a hysteresis oscillator swinging between 1 3 VCC and 2 3 VCC The frequency of the triangle wave is determined by R5 5V Wu d i VCC GU 7000 SIN SBUSY RESET i 1 Mie eww le ee E 0 a IIT LIS Uf iE a amp 4 x raf l in in B DONE August 2012 NUTSEVOLTS 23 R6 and C3 The part number of C3 810 CGA5L2X7R1C225K given on the schematic is a surface mount ceramic If you need a thru hole part use 2 2 uF 35 volt tantalum chose the LM6492 op amp because it is rail to rail input and output but LM358 or similar will work The output switch Q1 is rated 7OV 10A and has RDSon of 0 1 ohms max Any TO 220 MOSFET with low RDSon less than 0 1 ohm should work without a heatsink HEADSET AMPLIFIER participate in a lot of conference calls and have difficulty understanding some of the other participant s audio Although have a substantial high frequency loss many of the other participants come through loud and clear However many other caller s audio sound is muffled It s loud enough just lacking sufficient highs to make it clear Can you provide a circuit and parts list for an amplifier with an adjustable high frequency boost that could plug in between my headset and the cordless phone 2 5 mm There may be a product out there that will work but haven t found one Bill P M
21. on their website You can also download datasheets from them to OO s LU THERMOSTAT OO O C SYSTEM Neutral HEATING TRANSFORMER 24 VAC d COOLING TRANSFORMER August 2012 WNUTS2VOLTS 79 Hat 120 VAC Neutral check before ordering Don Pomeroy Manchester NH 2 Try searching on eBay for DTMF encoder found more than a few there but they aren t cheap DTMF ENCODER GENERATOR 34 00 11 Days www ebay com itm DTMF ENCODER GENERATOR 400302522698 pt LH DefaultDom ain O amp hash item5d33e3c14a HT9315C HOLIEK DIMF MULTI FUNCTION ENCODER CHIP 3 89 Only 1 day www ebay com itm HT93 15C HOLTEK DIMF MULTIFUNTION ENCODER CHIP 150826386913 pt UK BOI Electrical Components Supplies ET amp hash item231df405e1 DTMF ENCODER KIT WITH 16 KEY KEYPAD TX KEYING OUTPUT 30 32 10 days www ebay com itm DTM F Encoder kit with 16 key Keypad TX keying out put 270993370582 pt LH Default Domain 3 amp hash item3f1876add6 While these will all probably be sold before you read this you ll most likely find others I d ask the Electrical Components Supplies ET place since they may have other chips Phil Karras via email 7122 July 2012 Timer Needed need a 2 3 second timer to operate a 24 volt relay to open and close a garage door using a Desa Int l wireless doorbell 1 This sounds like a classic appli cation for the ubiquitous 555 timer IC The datash
22. v USB control for your custom applications D s M but takes it to a E Ge Lv VAM sn MT I whole new FI p a e a AE M ed This professional quality USB relay controller and data acquisition You can configure ey miaiilerallows alter MS switching of EMEN SES F on the fly with E drive RA AEA plus full bi directional communication with the external world using 238 SEDE sc aaa YES relays and directly interface all timer functions with the USB port of your computer The controller is very flexible and can be onboard controls or external signals used for a wide range of custom applications including weather stations eee rine Dogg and control etc All connections are easily made though terminal blocks Plus we ve replaced the ceramic capacitor of other timer kits with a Mylar capacitor which keeps your timings stable over a much wider range of volt ages Available in through hole or surface mount ver sions Visit www ramseykits com for version details UT5A Through Hole 555 Timer Osc Kit 24 95 UT5AS SMT 555 Timer Osc Kit 26 95 It is compatible with both Windows and Apple OS X as well as various Linux flavors When you plug it into your computer it appears as a USB CDC device that creates a Virtual Serial COM port allow ing easy communication with the board through any program ming language that supports serial communications VB VB NET C C C Perl Java etc E ys N 5 Y gt 3 j g
23. you will have to go through an install or update driver process One great thing about Android is the support level The Android Developer s site has an intense section that walks you through getting the Google USB driver package and installing drivers In the case of my HTC Eris came across an Android developer that was a keeper of the flame He provided the USB VID and PID information for my Eris The Android USB VID and PID information for supported Android phones and devices is found within an Android SDK file called android winusb inf Here s the HTC Eris information that added to the android winusb in f file f MITT Tp ar ME BINE A Google NTx86 s HTC ERIS CompositeAdbInterface USB Install USBNVID OBBA amp PID 0OC98 amp MI 01 Set aeeslicatian lube ty Label Fasy Android Developmen il SCREENSHOT 6 The Basic4android application label is used to identify the application in a visual manner to the user ll SCREENSHOT 7 This is the result of answering a couple of questions and compiling the Basic4android default Activity Module skeleton HTC Dream SingleAdbInterface USB Install USB VID OBB4 amp PID_OCO1 CompositeAdbInterface USB Install USBXVID BBA amp PID 0OCO2 amp MI 01 SingleBootLoaderInterface USB Install USBXVID 0BBA amp PID OFFF HTC Magic CompositeAdbInterface USB Install USB VID_OBB4 amp PID OCO3 amp MI 01 included the USB VID P
24. 0 PORTC 5 0 PORTALS 30 PAUSE 500 wait half second to let power up READ 16 N laste value of N 9 12 3 6 Idle WHILE PORTA 3 0 IF PORTA 1 O THEN Ritime 1 active only with Switch OFF IF PORTA 0 s 1 THEN Minute execute toll pin 10 IF PORTC 0 1 THEN Toll execute minute chime pin 13 if PORTC t T Tiel Peal execute peal Din 9 LF PORTA 2 0 THEN Ready Rarna switch ON to syne N WEND GOTO Idle ToLLs BOR if TORO Toll 4 30 times PULSOUT PORTC 3 20000 200 mS pulse PAUSE 1800 wait 1 8 Sec IF PORTA 3 1 THEN Idle Button pressed to SS OD NEXT T gt GOTO idle normal end to coll Minutes FOR T 1 TO 60 1 Chime for 1 minute PULSOUT PORTC 2 20000 PAUSE 800 200 mS pulse IF PORTA 3 1 THEN Idle Button pressed to DOSE CD NEXT T GOTO tale Peal S 1500 a FOR T 1 TO 60 1 1 5 Se chimes The model tower used a PIC12F675 with inputs connected to the controller relay contacts Each input triggered a burst of a square wave of a specific frequency but of fixed duration All the signals were fed to an LM386 audio amplifier chip and fed to a speaker The program was written in PlCBasic The system was designed as follows The signal given by the timer is 24 VAC and is intended to drive a sprinkler solenoid We use this signal to initiate a single bell chiming sequence it can be edge triggered if you like The AC signal is rectified and fed to an op
25. 75 Front Panel Express LLC Pee 21 R a a A 82 83 Elkins raining eee ee eer ree 25 ec Sipae so nsuieeanohsranicnediensns renee nennh y ni A d Global Specialties na eee 7 Lemos International Co Inc 25 SUID ETOS diisi conic A GSS To EDEA enc E oe 75 i e A E a E 31 CIRCUIT BOARDS SSD Pololu Robotics amp Electronics 4 a 7 NKC Electronics 9 en aon Ehe 27 Global Specialties SA aime nnn ath red 7 AP Circuits A B 53 um Cunard ASSOcIaleS 5 5 eoe 27 AO RI CM MEME SATELLITE GSS Tech Ed see 9 al TE Lemos International Co Inc 25 HAPRO Electronics 4 0 0 0 24 Pigilan i asean a DN 5 EMBEDDED TOOLS 1 O Electronics 24 UTOR Engu genhgecxe recs UMS Wetbulriien e uen ie s oed SUE 2 Hobby Boards 31 EQUIS HOE En niente a SERVICE LITERATURE MANUALS Jaycar Electronics 59 Front Panel E ECS ee ee nee 31 i m ront Fanei Express ol ENCLOSURES Servicemanuals net T Lemos IntemationallCo Inc 25 FUU ECE er xen E Am Md 31 Front Panel E LLC 31 75 ton dne CSpI9ss viri QM cat microEngineering Labs 35 i ikroElektronika osse reri reete ase Stn Ie aci KITS amp PLANS Bilscopo cec en E E UR E 9 COMPONENTS Cana Kit Corp eee B Dimension Engineering A TARA mete redit 13 re ME dod A ER M 2 E m GSS Tech Ed D Ha O Electronic Design Specialists 40 NighitElre Electronics 63 Fun Gi E dius p D cR ct Global Specialties 5 exis rot te
26. Hydrogen Generator I m building a HHO generator and am trying to figure out the best way to power it keeping the power usage low A high voltage low amp method like using a Tesla coil might do the trick Any ideas to help me figure it out 8 122 Matthew via email Audio Sound Spectrum Is it possible to take the sound heard in the frequency range of O to 40 kHz and space it evenly into the 10 Hz to 20 kHz range want to hear what a dog hears but in the human range know this will make people s voices sound funny but how would this be done and is there such a device Is there even a mic for that upper range of up to 40 kHz 48123 Robert Spencer Phoenix AZ Connecting an Old Printer to a Current PC have an IMP 24 printer with a Centronics interface would like to print to it from a Windows 7 or XP computer using some form of Basic have VB and Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate However there seems to be no drivers for this old printer Is there a way to address LPT1 from Visual Basic or Visual C so can send the data to the printer directly without going through the operating system 8124 Mike Lake Forest CA 78 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 gt gt gt ANSWERS 6124 June 2012 Compressor Starter am looking for a positive temperature coefficient motor starter for a compressor Or need help using different parts such as a single pole contactor relay for a hard start The part want to replace has the fo
27. M 1 TON This bell rs che Hour Chime EUIS OVI IE DIES 3 2 0000 output 200mS pulse PAUSE 1800 1 delay 1 8 s NEXT M PORTA 5 i Flash LED at l1 sec rate FOR M 1 TO 300 Wale 5min avoid extra triggers TOGGLE PORTA 5 PAUSE 700 TOGGLE PORTA 5 PAUSE 300 the original equipment the new board and its components the connections to the timer and the switches and pushbutton controls In all development as projects unfold challenges arise and are met with diligence and cunning This project was no exception One problem was that once installed the controller program could only be modified in a very public place The solution was to build a test bed controller to work with our tower model so that we could test any program modifications easily Typical adjustments that our community wanted were to change the duration of intervals between the chime of bells and the rate at which successive chimes were played In the future someone may want to compose an alternate peal made from sequences of the 24 changes that four bells provide This could be a testbed for such an exercise For now our project is complete the bells ring their joyous melodies and the neighbors are not disturbed during the middle of the night NW NEXT M POR TASS 1 Turma LED Orr GOTO Idle BellOne PUL SOUL PORTC 2277 0000 PAUSE D re URN 1 00ms pulse wait D mS BellTwo PUESOCUL POR Te 5 20000 PAUSE D REPURIN 200mS pulse wait D mS Belithree P
28. Outside US 1 818 487 4545 E930 x01 52077 North Hollywood CA 91615 FOUNDER ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Jack Lemieux PUBLISHER Larry Lemieux publisher nutsvolts com ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER VP OF SALES MARKETING Robin Lemieux display nutsvolts com EDITOR Bryan Bergeron techedit nutsvolts yahoo com CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Y c ASNT Spectrum TE Sp la 1eir spectra SI tane SU ly in real tim P B as eband or RF J ef at ale with variable band ith control Waveform ang E Logic Generators Capture a Se an log amp digital signals e ncure ently or create Multi Channel Chart Recorder ic Jeff Eckert Russ Kincaid Joe Pardue Fred Eady Ron Hackett Louis Frenzel John Blankenship Samuel Mishal Chris Watson Jim Stewart Dan Gravatt David Williams CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT subscribe nutsvolts com SHOW COORDINATOR Audrey Lemieux MARKETING COORDINATOR WEBSTORE Brian Kirkpatrick sales nutsvolts com WEB CONTENT Michael Kaudze website nutsvolts com ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Debbie Stauffacher PRODUCTION GRAPHICS Shannon Christensen Sean Lemieux Copyright 2012 by T amp L Publications Inc All Rights Reserved All advertising is subject to publisher s approval We are not responsible for mistakes misprints or typographical errors Nuts amp Volts Magazine assumes no responsibility for the availability or condition of advertised items or for the honesty of the advertiser The publisher makes no cl
29. a j The author describes some basic compiler operations that will help programmers par ticularly those new to the craft create solid code that lends itself to easy debugging and testing As Eady notes in his preface a sin gle built in CCS compiler call output bit can serve as a basic aid to let programmers know about the health of their PIC code 14 95 Fam Env fi LEM le i L E LII R i p E E a a L Lad L r z LI Ln E T A imaia e M Hepie ec pa 2 1 pti l FINIT g p TET wp T Ma 188 1 i a1 Eram I E PE AT J d 1 4 i al Th r l P gt I a NEM NIE ME mE IE r T LE FI l Co i if 2 ote Lr E 1 A UE ENGEL an tke THEA E ON UY tore itsvol ts co I J a Gm E i jd x L5 edil A J 2 f vl s j P T a NM OE d Bi g EF i 1 E 1 LANE AMETS l 1 a A l a 1 1 86 o 33 46 20 1 L BOOK amp KIT COMBOS _CD ROM SPECIAL _Proto Lus Book amp Kit Combo IE me EM aa a T DeFT YOURSELF Circuitbuilding To CD s r E Im 1 0 Be E Breadboardable LCD Navigator The Nuts amp Volts Pocket Ref HEA LEE E Only 12 96 From Smiley s Workshop August 2012 NUTSiVOLTS 65 CALL 800 783 4624 today Order online www nutsvolts com Seismograph Kit As seen in the May 2012 issue Now you can record your own shaking rattling and rolling The Poor Man
30. about the great variety of skill levels present in readers of my Workshops Some folks can program circles around me but wouldn t know which end of a soldering iron to use if their life depended on it Others can hand solder surface mount parts on PCBs of their own design but can barely use an Internet browser much less write a program Most readers are somewhere in between having enough hardware and software knowledge to be dangerous but still learning both I ve been slowly introducing the C programming language software while also applying these concepts to microcontroller hardware projects so that folks from both ends of the spectrum can get some incentive to learn the parts they don t already know This month I m going to cater a bit to the hardware novice by introducing Fritzing which can help a beginner get started with hardware design First we will use Fritzing to design a DS1307 RTC circuit we were introduced to in the May 12 Workshop In this first installment we will follow Figure 1 to build a circuit on a breadboard that we can use with some Arduino code then we will convert the breadboard design to a schematic In Part 2 we will see how to use the breadboard schematic designs to generate a PCB layout that we can use to have a circuit board fabricated Essentially you ll see the full hardware design cycle from the breadboard prototype to the finished product What is Fritzing You can get the F
31. allows you to h soldering station digital mul a Powered by 3 15VDC and we even include coupling measure RF from 100kHz to over 1GHz So sensitive it B timeter and a regulated lab power supply All in one cap and a current limiting resistor Extremely popular can be used as a RF field strength meter small unit for your bench It can t be beat MC1 Mini Electret Condenser Mic Kit 3 95 RFI Sniff It RF Detector Probe Kit 2795 LABIU 3 In1 Multifunction Solder Lab 134 95 GET THEHJUTSSVOLTS DISCOUNT 800 446 2295 RAMSEY ELECTRONICS Mention or enter the coupon kit 590 Fishers Station Drive code NVRMZ12 and receive 10 WwWwWwW ramse y Its COITI Victor NY 14564 10 ff yo ur o rde r I Prices availability and specifications are subject to change We are not responsible for typos stupids printer s bleed or insufficient 800 446 2295 use of SPF110 My missing heart beat on the ECG 1 was caused by Robin getting demanding for this ad copy a Visit www ramseykits com for the latest pricing specials terms and conditions Convene 2012 Ramsey Electronics LLC so there 585 924 4560 S2 Scribbler 2 Robot 28136 129 99 Arrives pre Robotics Shield Kit for Arduino 7 130 35000 programmed and super simple for beginners Repro 119 99 Add your own Arduino module not included gram with graphics or text and hack it too if you like and build this versatile robot ROBOTC compatible Boe Bot Robot Kit Serial w USB Adapter 28132
32. are still prized by musicians and some audiophiles and the technology still rules in things like high power transmitters and microwave ovens In addition tubes can withstand high radiation environments and because electrons move about 600 times faster through a vacuum than silicon they offer some electrical advantages Proving that everything old is new again a team of researchers from NASA s Ames Research Center www nasa gov centers ames and the Korean National Nanofab Center have created a prototype that combines both technologies As documented in a recent issue of the American Institute of Physics journal Applied Physics Letters the vacuum channel transistor shrinks the concept to a device that is only 150 nm in length The compact size allows it to operate at only 10V which researchers believe can be reduced to 1V with some further development thus making it competitive with standard semiconductors Plus it can be fabricated using conventional semiconductor methods According to the authors potential applications include medical E An early RCA 808 vacuum tube diagnostics high speed telecom and electromagnetically dirty environments And maybe even a pocket size Marshall stack A 10 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 TECHKNOWLEDGEY 2012 Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com COMPUTERS AND NETWORKING NEW PC FOR BOTTOM FEEDERS t was in 1982 that became the proud owner of my
33. as an in depth introduction to important concepts in Electronics electronics While An Introduction electronics can be in ui Beer highly mathematical this text is not about calculations It is about how electronic equipment is able to extract process and present information held in electrical signals If you are in or studying to be in a profession that requires the use of electronic equipment then this book will provide the insight necessary to use such equipment effectively 33 95 HTML A Beginner s Guide by Wendy Willard Create highly functional impressive websites in no time Fully updated and revised HTML A Beginner s Guide Fourth Edition explains how to structure a page place images format text create links add color work with multimedia and use forms You ll also go beyond the basics and learn how to save your own web graphics use Cascading Style Sheets CSS create dynamic web content with basic JavaScript and upload your site to the web By the end of the book you ll be able to build custom websites using the latest HTML techniques 29 95 64 NUTSiVOLTS August 2012 GREAT FOR DlYers How to Diagnose and Fix Everything Electronic by Michael Jay Geier Master the Art of Electronics Repair In this hands on guide a lifelong electronics repair guru shares his tested techniques and invaluable insights How to Diagnose and Fix Everything Electronic sho
34. been violated we can make our system react appropriately For example let s assume that we want any movement outside the house Zone 3 to turn on the radio perhaps tuned to some talk channel that will sound like people talking inside the home and the lamp as if the residents got up to see what was happening Remember since N C sensors are used in this zone the input pin will normally be LOW and go HIGH when an intruder is detected The following subroutine monitors Zone 3 and reacts as discussed CheckOutside it SensorDater PAND TOR LOON 7 Check Zone OutPort 2001750911 77 cue on Gace anded 2 endif return Notice that the IF statement does a binary AND with a mask of 0 100 we could have used 4 This masking effectively erases all bits in the data for purposes of the comparison except where there is a 1 in the mask This is necessary so that the state of the other zones is ignored in this decision Let s see how we might use the siren shown in Figure 4 The previous code tries to scare away intruders with the light and radio but if that fails the system can turn on the siren and perhaps the light if a window is opened This can be accomplished with the following code CheckWindows ie SenSsorData DAND 0210 Vp eneck Zone 2 CiePowes 2001 STU crm om siren and lamp endif return Notice we did not check the doors Zone 1 in the above subroutine because we will want to give residents a short time to en
35. covers 100 KHz to 1000 MHz Unconditionally stable Actually includes TWO totally separate touch circuits damping phase inversion scan and e gt gain is greater than 16dB while noise is less than 4dB on the board Drives any low voltage load up to more Includes 5 piece antenna kit 50 75 ohm input Runs on 12 15 VDC 100mA Runs on 6 12 VDC Runs on 12VDC vehicle or battery power SA7 RF Preamp Kit 19 95 TSI Touch Switch Kit 9 95 DDFI Doppler Direction Finder Kit 169 95 J Blaster Warble Alarm need to simply get atten the aster is the Laser Light Show au C USB PIC Programmer Just like the big concerts you ams XU Dru Finally a compact USB PIC can impress your friends with Mprammer with a 20 pin ZIF BM E your own laser light show m x jm Oe socket for easy programming of most Audio input modulates the Wer Microchip PIC Flash devices that does not E laser display to your favorite music require low voltage programming Plus it uses USB Adjustable pattern amp speed Runs on 6 12VDC therefore no more RS232 compatibility blues LLS1 Laser Light Show Kit 49 95 CK1301 USB PIC Programmer Kit 34 95 31 Alarm really bail you out e alarm where you want to problems sump pump uches the contacts the USB DMX Interface HV Plasma Generator Control DMX fixtures with your PC via Generate 2 sparks to a handheld USB Controls up to 512 DMX channe
36. current po o e and calculations Measured resistance again E al xR Does Ohm s Law A AS NY work EN tty THE ORIGINAL SINCE 1994 PLB Pnnp Beta LAYOUT FREE Stencil with every prototype ord PCB POOL is www pcb pool com Teachers good han Dever nee Students with a s on foundation in Electronics are more successful is where to start Order Today Scan the QR Code August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 75 Continued from page 27 Project Clock Standard and Web costs 35 US for a single user license Project Clock Pro costs 55 US for a single user license Project Clock C S and Enterprise costs 75 US for a single license Project Clock CE costs 20 for a single license Multi user and site licenses are available Time limited trial versions can be downloaded free of charge from the website For more information contact CyberMatrix Corporation Web www cybermatrix com 5 6 000 MHz PHASE NOISE TESTER Q Company Inc has introduced the APPH6000RM IS an all in one comprehensive automated measurement system for evaluating RF signal sources SSB phase noise amplitude noise AM noise measurement additive or residual noise characterization and baseband noise measurements up to 6 GHz can be made for sources such as crystal oscillators PLL synthesizers clocks phase locked VCOs DROs and many others Direct access to a built in FFT analyzer mode a
37. effort or service provider interaction Okay you might say But what does that have to do with me Well NIST has put together a publication Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations that explains cloud systems in plain language and provides recommendations for information technology decision makers including chief information officers information systems developers system and network administrators information system security officers and systems owners It s not immediately evident that the language is all that plain and at 81 pages it isn t exactly concise But it is free If you re up to the challenge you can download a PDF version at www jkeckert com freedownloads cloud pdf A August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 11 CIRCUITS AND DEVICES 91 EFFICIENT POWER SUPPLY Dus introduction from Murata Power Solutions www murata ps com is the MVAB120 series of open frame single output 120W power supplies Useful for a range of telecom and industrial applications the supplies are up to 91 efficient and offer fan free operation using convection cooling The devices come in three output models 12 24 and 48 VDC and they accommodate standard input ranges from 90 to 264 VAC and 120 to 300 VDC Measuring just 2 x 4 x 1 35 inches 101 6 x 50 8 x 34 3 mm they satisfy the 1U form factor specs The MVAB supplies can deliver a full load in the range of 10 C to 50 C and include WA overcurrent overvoltage and overtemperature
38. implements the Processing Wiring language Can be used to develop stand alone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer New Arduino Uno R3 uses an ATmega16U2 allowing for faster A95 rates and more memory CAT ARD 21 s3 095 each 24V 1 67A CONTROL TRANSFORMER Triad Magnetics TCT40 01E07AB Primary 120V 50 60Hz cy Secondary 24V 40VA Class 2 control transformer 2 62 x 2 17 x 2 23 Mounting flanges with holes on E 06 centers 1 4 qc solder terminals on 75 and secondary UL CSA JLE each CAT TX 2440 45 RC TX ANTENNA M 45 10 section E E sea for 50 s220 each transmitter Collapsed length 6 Threaded base CAT ANT 50 3W 12V SOLAR PANEL Sealed to withstand hail snow and wind Multi id crystalline silicon solar cells in a heavy duty anodized aluminum frame High transparency low iron tempered glass 188 x 195 x 17mm Junction box with screw or solder terminals CE Specs Max Power 3W Open Circuit Voltage 21 6V Operating Voltage 17V 795 Current 0 18A Short s1 795 each Circuit Current 0 21A CAT SPL 003 600 365 OHMS CET Technology CT AXF5013 Designed to reflect 600 Ohms on Primary with 365 Ohm load on secondary 30 x 20 x 14mm Four pc leads on 10 x 25mm centers 100 each CAT TCTX 16 6 12 VDC SPRING RETURN SOLENOID a 1 4 x 1 0 x 0 77 A box type solenoid operates i E 36 5 x 25 0 x 20
39. is the Android SDK The Android SDK is a collection of API libraries and developer tools that allow us to build test and debug our Android firmware The Android SDK is a free tool that can be downloaded from the Android Developer s site http developer android com Like most everything offered up in binary these days you can get the code in three flavors which are Windows MAC and Linux You don t have to have a Java degree to write Android apps in the town we re headed toward However Java is the gun that fires the Android SDK bullets With that we ll also need to carry the Java JDK in our Android toolbox Like the Android SDK the Java JDK is a free tool that can be obtained from the Oracle site www oracle com DESIGN CYCLE ll SCREENSHOT 1 Everything revolves around the Android APIs Plus you can t beat the price of this application Before beginning the discussion drove down the traditional Android development road downloaded and installed the Android SDK the Java JDK and Eclipse actually got a simple app to compile and run Other than writing Android apps went through the Eclipse based Android development cycle in order to be able to describe it to you here My other interest in producing Android apps involves talking to my PIC microcontroller based gadgets using my Bionic and Galaxy Tab Before the sun sets on my dreams plan to use the Android Bluetooth and USB communications portals as the other
40. last instruction in the subroutine outpinsB segsTen At this point the digital value 2011110110 is assigned to outpinsB it s important to remember that each 1 results in the corresponding pin being set to a high level and each 0 results in the corresponding pin being set to a low level Look again at the program s data 20 instruction and you will see why we re now in trouble The first seven digits of the binary data byte correspond to the LED segments listed directly above the data byte Within those seven digits only the segment G position contains a zero As a result when we assign the segsTen data to outpinsB later in the subroutine every segment of the ten s digit LED except segment G will be lit That s exactly what we want because the standard seven segment arrangement places segment G in the middle of the display and that s the only segment that we don t want to light when we re displaying a zero All the above is precisely what we intended to do but now let s turn our attention to the final 0 that s in the bitO position of data byte 20 Earlier mentioned that it doesn t matter whether we put a O or a 1 in this position because pin B O is not connected to the LED display anyway However also warned that bitO would be problematic and that s what s happening here When the data value 11110110 is assigned to outpinsB the O in the bitO position 18 NUTSEVOLTS August 2012 get
41. little components to a board AMFM108K We not only take you through AM and FM radio theory but we guide you through IC s When you re done you ve built yourself an IC based AM FM radio that works great KNS10 X With a reversible PEM fuel cell that com bines electrolysis and power conversion into a single device you end up building your own fuel cell car Learn tomorrows technology today KNS11 Learn alternative fuel technology while you build your own H Racer car and refueling station KNS13 Convert ethanol alcohol to run a PEM fuel cell and watch it all work in front of your eyes KNS1 A great beginner s kit for the dinosaur enthusiast in the family young and old A wooden Weak kit that teaches motor and gear driven opera tion that requires no soldering PL130A 130 In One Lab Kit 39 95 PL200 200 In One Lab Kit 84 95 PL300 300 In One Lab Kit 109 95 PL500 500 In One Lab Kit 249 95 SP1A Through Hole Soldering Lab 9 95 SM200K SMT Practical Soldering Lab 22 95 AMFM108K AM FM IC Lab Kit amp Course 34 95 KNS10 Fuel Cell Car Science Kit 82 95 KNS11 H Racer amp Refueling Station Kit 144 95 KNS13 Bio Energy Fuel Cell Kit 129 95 KNS1 Tyrannomech Motorized Kit 17 95 4 Channel USB Relay Controller Board Pa P IN Uttimate 555 Timers E ta v Individually configurable I O channels e W Me v UE N This new series builds on v Compatible with DS18B20 temp sensors oo z 2 om the classic UT5 kit i
42. network The sensor talks to the gateway via Wi Fi Other sensor nodes may also use the same gateway The gateway serves as an aggregation point for a whole network of sensors and or actuators for a specific application The gateway then is used as the backhaul connection through a cellular network or an Ethernet link to the remote collection and control computer An example of such a system is one from B amp B Electronics see Figure 3 The embeddable Wi Fi module is shown in the lower right The Airborne Access Point is shown in two places and has an Ethernet port and two serial ports This system uses the IEEE 802 11b g standards These products are designed primarily for industrial applications but will no doubt find other M2M applications The ZigBee wireless standard is another option for remote sensor networks It is even lower in cost than Wi Fi and cellular connections and features even lower power consumption something that benefits remote sensors whose battery life is essential over a long period of time ZigBee also has a mesh network mode that allows one node to talk to any other node either directly or indirectly ZigBee is a low power short range technology limited to 10 meters or so If a sensor node is not near enough to the gateway it can send its data through closer adjacent nodes that serve as repeaters The data may travel through multiple nodes in the mesh network to get to the collection point Other wireless techno
43. on my house This project meets those goals without needing a lot of direct connections to the systems being monitored Power failure is detected with an optocoupler interface to the AC mains through a wall wart type power supply and a battery backup power supply which keeps the system running and reporting additional problems as they occur Air conditioner and furnace operation is monitored with a DS1621 lC temperature sensor and user defined high and low temperature limits Flooding is detected with simple pairs of electrodes which can be located to check for burst pipes in the winter failed sump pumps in the rainy season or both Three additional inputs are available for monitoring other systems as needed www nutsvolts com index ph S1 Se S3 ENT DNYUPTY du VDD el ee e3 RBO INT RB1 RBe RB3 PGM RAG AN RB4 RA1ZAN1 RA27AN2 RB6 PGC RA37AN3 RB7 PGD RA4 7T CKI RCO T10SO RAS7AN4 RC1 T10SI1 OSC1 CLKIN RC2 CCP1 OSCe CLKOUT RC3 SCK MCLR VPP RC4 SDI RC5 SDO RC6 TX RC RX YSS VSS uos 74HC14 92839 T12Id Hupo B FIGURE 2 Alarm 74HC14 autodialer schematic As shown in Figure 2 the autodialer is based on a PIC16F876A microcontroller which controls the user interface a 2x20 character LCD and three pushbuttons monitors the sensors and sends data to the telephone line interface The LCD is based on the standard HD44780 controller and uses a four bit data interface Note the prese
44. recommended when the IC is more than six inches from the DC source Such would be the case when using a wall supply so we have C1 at the input Diode D1 is there because of my firm belief in Murphy s Law In this case Murphy says that if the input polarity can be reversed then eventually it will be reversed If you re not a believer you can replace D1 with a jumper The output voltage of the LM317 regulator is given by the formula V 1 257 OUT 1 R2 R1 R2 I ADJ wanted nine volts out so chose R1 200 Q and R2 1 24 KQ both 1 resistors A different value of Voy requires a different pair of values Keep R2 low so that the R2 x lap term is relatively small lap is in the range of 40 UA to 100 pA and changes with temperature Capacitors C2 C3 and C4 are 10 uF electrolytics used tantalum but a good aluminum cap should work fine C2 is the output filter for the LM317 C4 is the filter for the negative output voltage of the TC962 C3 is the charge pump capacitor for the TC962 See the sidebar for a description of how a charge pump works The TC962 charge pump runs at 12 kHz but if you connect pin 6 to ground the speed doubles to 24 kHz The higher frequency allows a smaller value for the output filter capacitor C4 J3 allows you to connect pin 6 to ground The Circuit Board Figure 2A shows the component side of a small PCB for the circuit The board dimensions are 2 8 by 1 3 inches The D PA
45. relays were all useful Components no longer needed were discarded We were ready to design We bought a sprinkler timer which contained an accurate battery supported clock It could be A Proper Ringing of the Bells he ha m h St Mark s Bell Tower August 2012 NUTSSVOLTS 41 www nutsvolts com index php magazine article august2012 Watson Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com Original PCB and front panel showing new parts and modifications The bells Tintinnabulum RELAY E Aw CONTACTS PIC12F875 cp H 10K SPEAKER aK Model bell tower schematic The circuit has four inputs switches When any switch is closed the circuit generates a burst of tone which simulates the sounding of the bell 42 NUTSEVOLTS August 2012 programmed to switch sprinklers on up to eight times a day on the days of choice Just what we needed i l l The plan was to use a PIC and p 4 Orbi St MAR custom electronics that would be c RA E er n programmed to accept input from the timer and produce appropriate drive for the clapper relays The features we required were 1 Westminster chime to play four times each weekday only at the desired times 2 Manual use as an option 3 An urgent calling bell played prior to the start of a worship service 4 A joyous peal that could be rung on occasions such as weddings
46. s Seismograph is a great project device to record any movement in an area where you normally shouldn t have any The kit includes everything needed to build the seismograph All you need is your PC SD card and to download the free software to view the seismic event graph Subscriber s Price 79 95 Non Subscriber s Price 84 95 PROJECTS 3D LED Cube Kit This kit shows you how to build a really cool 3D cube with a 4 x 4 x 4 monochromatic LED matrix which has a total of 64 LEDs The preprogrammed microcontroller that includes 29 patterns that will automatically play with a runtime of approximately 6 1 2 minutes Colors available Green Red Yellow amp Blue Subscriber s Price 57 95 Non Subscriber s Price 59 95 Battery Marvel Kit As seen in the November 2011 issue Battery Marvel helps protect cars trucks motorcycles boats and any other 2V vehicles from sudden battery failure This easy to build kit features a single LED that glows green yellow or red indicating battery health at a glance An extra loud piezo driver alerts you to any problems For more info please visit our website Subscriber s Price 18 95 Non Subscriber s Price 19 95 Neon Transistor Clock Kit 09 89 Add HIGH VOLTAGE to your clock This is a Nixie Tube display version of the Transistor Clock It uses only discrete components no integrated circuits For more info see the April 2012 issue Subscriber s Pr
47. straight into your USB port without requiring a cable Features a full range of analog amp digital I O a user controllable RGB LED on the board amp an on board Pizo sound generator e Almega32u4 MCU with 2 5k RAM and 32k Flash e 6 analog inputs 10 bit ADC with digital O 14 extra digital I O pins Development Board Cat XC 4210 range of sensor actuator light and sound modules e 8 analog inputs EtherTen Arduino compatible with Ethernet Cat XC 4216 Includes onboard Ethernet a USB serial converter a microSD card slot for storing gigabytes of web server content or data and even Power over Ethernet support e 10 100base T Ethernet built in e Used as a web server remote monitoring and control home automation projects e 8 analog inputs 3 Axis Accelerometer Module Cat XC 4226 Easy to use 3 axis accelerometer that provides separate outputs for X Y and Z Very simple to connect to an Arduino or other microcontroller using analog inputs and easy to read the values into your program or circuit directly e Selectable 1 5g and 6g ranges 14 50 e Freefall detection 0g output e Built in 3 3V regulator with 5V safe O lines Also available Temperature Sensor Module XC 4230 12 25 Humidity amp Temp Sensor Module XC 4246 14 50 Hall Effect Magnetic amp Proximity Sensor Module XC 4242 7 25 Sound amp Buzzer Module XC 4232 7 25 Microphone Sound Input Module XC 4236 7 25
48. that are essentially the same that s because it is and they are If your prime directive is to compute over long periods of time without a battery recharge though some new business models from Dell might be a good bet The new Latitude E series machines which range in screen size from 12 5 to 15 6 inches sport Intel s new lvy Bridge processors which are more efficient in general and can save power by shutting down idle cores This contributes to the machine s ability to provide up to 32 7 hours of battery life in average use but the main contributor is a nine cell internal battery plus external packs In addition users can remove the optical drive and replace it with a battery Additional features include the ExpressCharge feature that allows for an 80 recharge in as little as one hour USB 3 0 optional LTE mobile broadband and Bluetooth 4 0 and a ruggedized version for extreme environments Price information had not been released as of this writing A E Dell s Latitude E6430s offer extended battery life GET YOUR HEAD IN THE CLOUD ou have no doubt heard a lot about cloud computing lately but may not have a clear idea of what it means The Vee definition provided by NIST is a model for enabling convenient on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources for example networks servers storage applications and services that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
49. to O then the two toggle instructions light the two discrete LEDs and we jump to the displayNum subroutine which is where we get into trouble Essentially Oh i i this subroutine is a simplified version of the one we used back in April s Primer because this time we have also simplified our 1 0 connections On the LED2x7v2 board we only need one byte of data rather than two to define the segment pattern for each digit Consequently I m not going to discuss each program line in detail l Il just focus on the problematic portion of the code We start to get into trouble at this point in the displayNum subroutine valTen number 10 valTen valTen 20 read valTen segsTen In the first line above we divide the current count which is O because we re still in the first iteration of the main do loop by B FIGURE 5 LED 2x7v2 inserted in breadboard August 2012 NUTSsVOLTS 17 10 to get the ten s digit which of course is 0 Therefore in the second line valTen is assigned a value of 20 which is used in the third line to read the appropriate segment data for a ten s digit of 0 which we defined earlier at data location 20 If you look back at the data definitions you will see that we have now assigned the binary value 9011110110 to the segsTen variable The third program line above is where the problem actually starts but it doesn t become visible until we execute the
50. updated program LED2x7v2 CountBad bas is available at the article link Now would be a good time to download it so that we can move on to discussing what s bad about the program Even if you decide not to construct the LED 2x7v2 stripboard circuit you may want to continue reading because the problem we re about to discuss illustrates an important aspect of the use of the outpinsB and or outpinsC special function variables that are available for use with the 14M2 18M2 and 20M2 processors WRITING SOFTWARE FOR THE LED 2x7v2 STRIPBOARD For reference during the following discussion you may want to print out a copy of the LED 2x7v2 CountBad bas program If you don t already have one handy you may also want to print out a copy of April s LED 2x7count bas program for comparison The first thing you will probably notice is that the v2 version requires fewer variables and it has a much simpler data structure As l ve already mentioned these simplifications are the result of the simplified I O connections on the LED 2x7v2 board this time the port B pins only connect to LED 1 and the port C pins only connect to LED 2 In the v2 program I derived the 20 data values in the same way that we discussed for the 40 data values that were needed for version 1 of the software so won t repeat that process this time However as we saw earlier in the schematic of Figure I we re not using pins C 6 or B O this time As
51. use NV PARTS LIST DESCRIPTION LM317 D PAK package TC962 eight pin DIP 1N4001 or equivalent SOURCE Jameco part 838006 200 Q 1 4W 1 1 24 KQ 1 4W 1 0 1 uF ceramic 50V 10 uR electrolytic 35V 10 pF electrolytic 35V 10 pF electrolytic 35V SV 2 DV Optional components Terminal block two position Terminal block three position Shorting block three pieces Male header strip eight pin Wrapping Up Clean off the solder side with some 30 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 5 mm spacing 5 mm spacing 0 1 in spacing 0 1 in spacing Jameco part 2094485 Jameco part 2094493 Jameco part 112432 Jameco part 153702 Custom Front Panels amp Enclosures tua Front Panel Designer E Sample price 57 32 S amp H Designed by you using our FREE software Front Panel Designer Cost effective prototypes and production runs a Powder coated finish and panel thickness up to 10mm now available Choose from aluminum acrylic or customer provided material a 1 3 and 5 day lead times available FRONT PANEL EXPRESS FrontPanelExpress com 1 800 FPE 9060 RS489 422 232 TTL ASC24T IBS485HV 5 Port Isolated RS485 Repeater 349 00 RS232 lt gt RS485 ATE Conver ter Enclosures Cables a yA Power Supplies i AA and other 45 00 OD Accessories Converters Reneaters Multi Repeaters Hubs Fiber Optics Isolators Extended Distance Units Serial to Digital I O Large Multi Drop Netw
52. will not shut off and start a new cycle On the datasheet this is called valley current lv To find the maximum value for R1 the peak voltage Vp is found by Vp Vd Vcc Rb1 Rb1 Rb2 then RI max Vcc Vp Ip Note Vd is the P N diode drop at Ip about 0 4V To find the minimum value for R1 look up the maximum forward voltage on the datasheet about 1 5 volts and the valley current Iv then R1min Vcc Vf Iv Note that the valley current varies with R1 so this is only an approximation In Figure 2 D1 is an LED that flashes each time the capacitor discharges Computing the frequency is difficult because the capacitor charging is exponential and depends on where the trigger voltage is relative to Vcc If you set the gate voltage at 0 63 Vcc Vd Vmin the frequency will be F 1 R C Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com QUESTIONS amp ANSWERS Fj Tipica W 9595 DOIS CHT Ze 4 De Lr Heede yes gista pdi pyre tjai APM PF RARE SRY T DOES ERT TET eoseo tran 0 1000uS 0 1uS pq 2700pF Vo P dis E FIGURE 3 SMPS WITH 555 remember seeing a SMPS switched mode power supply boost converter based on a 555 two actually awhile back was wondering if you had the schematic still am challenged to get the classic timer chip to do a modern day function want to see how much effici
53. 0 pF capacitor is charged to 160 VDC and when the switch is closed the current is limited only by the circuit resistance about 1 6 ohms The turns in the coil are 417 so the ampere turns 41 700 which is more than enough The capacitor value is not critical the larger the better and has low ESR like Mouser 80 ALC10C152EG250 The coil is made from a spool of Belden 20 magnet wire Mouser part 566 8050 The spool becomes the bobbin for the coil The hole in the spool is one inch in diameter which will accept one leg of the horseshoe magnet You wouldn t have to wind it except the start end is buried so you have to unwind the whole spool recommend that you temporarily wind the wire on another spool or rolled oats box in order to avoid a mess Drill a 1 16 hole near the bottom of the winding for the start and two above the winding to anchor the end wire To use the magnetizer put one leg of the magnet through the hole in the bobbin put the keeper in place plug in the power and when the light is dark close the switch One application is all it takes multiple applications will not increase the magnetization BTW I think the keeper should be the same cross section as the magnet 1 2 x 3 4 A local hardware store will have metal stock RANDOM TRAFFIC LIGHTS My wife picked up a lighted sign on a stand that is fashioned after a stop light signal three 110V AC bulbs in a red green and yel
54. 0mm on 6 12Vdc 13 8 Ohm coil i 0 32 7 5mm diameter plunger has a slot and hole A nylon bushing and spring on the plunger give the solenoid spring return capability when a cotter pin or other connect ing device is put in the hole in the plunger An adjustable L bracket attached to body of solenoid limits the outward travel of 0 plunger 9 pigtail leads s250 each CAT SOL 137 AAA NIMH RE Su AL Sea BATTERY Sanyo eneloop 1 2V 750 800mAh rechargeable TS The key advantage of the eneloop compared to conven tional rechargeable batteries is its extremely low self discharge Special purchase CAT NMH R3 160 each 10 for 1 25 each 12VDC 120MM COOLING FAN Delta WFB1212H 120 x 120 x 26mm 12 Vdc 0 45A DC brushless cooling fan Three 12 leads UL CSA CE VDE CAT CF 406 T NO MINIMUM ORDER All Orders Can Be Charged to Visa Mastercard American Express or Discover Checks and Money Orders Accepted by Mail OTHERS including Alaska Hawaii P R and Canada Must Pay Full Shipping MANUFACTURERS We Purchase EXCESS INVENTORIES Call Write E MAIL or Fax YOUR LIST Quantities Limited Orders Delivered in the State of California must include California State Sales Tax e NO C O D Shipping and Handling 7 00 for the 48 Continental United States ALL Prices Subject to change without notice August 2012 NUTS VOLTS 51 C PROGRAMMING HARDWARE PROJECTS by Joe Pardue
55. 5 A solemn toll that would be appropriate for funerals or times of mourning hg ie Rotary Switch 2pole 5 way ULNZBO3A Darlington i 1 Drivers 24 Vac in Tower The complete system schematic Timer input is from the sprinkler controller The PIC is mounted on the board behind the panel and other parts of the circuitry are on the original PCB August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 43 Bell Controller Use PIC16F6BA Bells6 PBP May 30 2011 mer is chi triggers RAI active ac 8 59am some cc OT amp 5 59m imer ch3 is connected to the Rain Switch and RA2 imer GAZA Lie MmedliL1ed to mount an output LED riven on RA5 Timer ch4 is modified to mount a push button to ground on RA4 Rain Switch and push button are used to program caa curb variables Switch select RAO 1 MINUTE ring RCI PEAL RCl TOLL Switch select options are active when H FHP Hy I Ox button is pressed output drive RC2 1 A RC5 2 G RCA 3 F RC3 4 C Timing functions are performed by the programmable Orbit model 57874 Trigger pulse occurs 1 minute before the hour There is delay of 37 sec so that 1st Bell chime OQOCUPS cn the hour Westminster chime sequence A F G C C G A F A RG C C GA E N meres DATA 0 1 du ced M Oo 9 data CMCONO 4700000111 turn comparators ori ANSEL 00000000 all digital ITO TRISSA 00011111 Output 0 juu sc TRISC 00000011 Output 0 Eur OE 1 N VAR BYTE H
56. A l m not sure this circuit Figure 7 will solve your issue but it provides a max of 20 dB boost above 1 kHz Both the gain and boost frequency vary with the pot setting NV Nuts Walts 8 Gb ROMs amp Hat Special p That s 96i issues Complete with mda gt Codes and media files a sitos gaa i wan Y Freg Only 169 98 WWW nutsvolts c m 24 NUTS VOLTS August 2012 pid Evil PILHXE PROJEC T S EVIL GENIUS Available T http istore nutsvolts com Instruments A Rohde amp Schwarz Company 70MHz 200MHz 2 4 Channel Mixed Signal Oscilloscope HM072x HM0102x HMO152x HMO202x v 2GSa s Real Time Low Noise Flash A D Converter Reference Class HAPRO Electronics Tel 1 516 794 4080 www hameg us FCC License USA ELKINS TRIUNING CO Upgrade Your Career in 4 days Get an FCC License Geta LIFETIME Federal Communications Commission FCC General Hadiotelephone Operator License GROL with Radar Learn the fundamentals of Electronics and Radio Communication FCC Licenses are used as hiring and promotion standards in many industries Master the following learning objectives Principles of Hadio Signals and emission Operating procedures Antennas and feed lines Radio wave propagation Principles of Radar Electrical principles Hadar System Types Circuit components Frequency Bands Practical circuits Radar Operations The Course
57. EAM technology It was inspired by the Magbot pendulum project in Dave Hrynkiw s book titled Junkbots Bugbots amp Bots On Wheels When the solar cell is exposed to the sun or any bright light source the pendulum will start to swing almost magically Each time the pendulum passes the bottom of its swing a hidden coil in the base gives the pendulum a little nudge using stored electricity generated by the solar cell The invisible nudges keep the pendulum in perpetual motion as long as there is enough light The solar pendulum is both fun to watch and is a learning tool all in one It can also be a great school science project demonstrating both solar energy and electromagnetic principles How the Circuit Works Figure 1 shows the simple schematic for this project As light strikes the solar cell it generates a DC voltage that begins to charge up the two electrolytic capacitors C1 and C2 If the pendulum is not already swinging the circuit acts in a mode that tries to kick start the pendulum into motion During the kick start mode both electrolytic capacitors continue to charge until the voltage on C2 reaches approximately 0 8 volts At that point the NPN transistor Q2 turns on which in turn causes the PNP transistor Q1 to turn on When Q1 turns 32 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Powered using the energy of the sun this solar pendulum does not require batteries or an electrical outlet to operate So how does the solar ene
58. GPS satellite navigation receiver that sends the location via an M2M connection to a remote monitoring point Look for more of that as well as some yet to be identified uses Home monitoring and control is another growing application area With M2M you can monitor and control the home environment and implement energy saving procedures You can monitor and control appliances security systems and alternative energy sources like solar panels The connection of a smart electric from the utility lets the electricity or gas usage be monitored by M2M M2M is beginning to play an even larger role in the smart grid with the growing use of communications and computers to better monitor and control energy usage for cost savings and pollution mitigation FACILITATING M2M What makes M2M so simple to do is all the available wireless products that are easily adapted to the myriad of tasks Today cellular radios dominate the M2M landscape but Wi Fi ZigBee and other popular technologies can be used With cell phone usage nearing saturation the cellular carriers are looking for new revenue from their networks The smartphone revolution is providing some room for growth from data plans that feature more video and less texting and email However M2M is an untapped E FIGURE 3 The B amp B Electronics Wi Fi system for M2M applications is designed for industrial monitoring and control applications The Access Point accepts inputs from the embedded
59. HO Elects wN Workshop Tigra Dogg ar Seif m PTT 1 Sera Specs Bm tii biaen Ted bel rani Binet TOM ES ETIN Programming Arduino Getting Started with Sketches by Simon Monk Program Arduino with ease Using clear easy to follow examples Programming Arduino Getting Started with Sketches reveals the software side of Arduino and explains how to write well crafted sketches using the modified C language of Arduino Programming Arduino Cetting Started with Sketches Diran ond No prior program ming experience is required The down loadable sample programs featured in the book can be used as is or modified to suit your purposes 14 95 Beginner s Guide to Programming the PIC24 dsPIC33 by Thomas Kibalo Kibalo takes you step by step through the fundamentals of programming the PIC24H which can equally be applied to the dsPIC33 His clear explanation of the inner workings make learning the PIC24H dsPIC33 6 bit architecture easy His code examples demonstrate how to perform the functions most applications require The hardware is shown in a simple breadboard setup so even a beginner can build it along with very few extra components needed 39 95 Master and Command C for PIC MCUs by Fred Eady Master and Command C for PIC MCU Volume aims to help readers get the most out of the Custom Computer BEES Services C compiler Jj mie for PIC 709 DSE microcontrollers
60. ID entries for an HTC Dream and HTC Magic to give you an idea of the contents of the android winusb inf file The PC s recognition of your Android device s SD card is a good indication that your Android device driver is working Once you get your Android device to register with the PC start Basic4android and try to compile the default Activity Module skeleton Basic4android will force you to first give the project a name and then save the project For instance created a folder called b4a workspace Inside of b4a workspace created a subfolder called design cycle The Basic4android project called first run was saved in the design cycle folder Basic4android s next move will be to collect a package name The package name is a unique app identifier It must be entered in a dot delimited format So as you can see in Screenshot 5 we will call our package design cycle pkg name Basic4android also requires an application label like the one entered in Screenshot 6 If you re wondering what the application label is good for check out the upper leftmost portion of Screenshot 7 After entering the application label Basic4android will compile the skeleton and load it into your attached Android device In my case the target Android device is my Galaxy Tab At this point we re ready to start building the visual portion of our Android app 5 pov IN THE COMFORT ZONE Like its counterpart Eclipse the Basic4android IDE includes an A
61. K surface mount version of the LM317 is used it s soldered to an area of copper to dissipate heat Note A D PAK is easy to solder so don t worry if you ve J1 J2 never used surface mount devices Figure 2B TYY TYY ey shows the solder side There is a mounting hole vin y at each corner of the board big enough for a 4 s c cup screw The mounting hole with the square we outline is connected to circuit ground so x RU mounting the board to a metal chassis will BND m connect ground to the chassis If that s not Cit Option desirable you can cut the etch as indicated B FIGURE l Voltage mirror schematic 28 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Figure 3 is a photo of the assembled board used terminal blocks for input and output voltages but that s optional Also used pins and jumper blocks for J1 J2 and J3 You may want to just solder in jumper wires Note the stand offs mounted at each corner Performance The first board assembled started to smoke when applied the input voltage After checking the board several times decided it really should have worked As it turned out several of the tantalum capacitors had were marked incorrectly the polarity was reversed That s what get for buying them at a flea market Once the caps were replaced it worked fine With no load Vay was 9 01V when V was 9 02V Using a 500 load and measuring the drop in output voltage calculated that the circuit had a
62. LE PRICES EXCELLENT CUSTOMER SERVICE AND FREE TECHNICAL SUPPORT WHY BUY ANYWHERE ELSE Circuit board layouts Prototype assemblies WWW OSPREYELECTRONICS COM Convert your sketch or print into a quality pcb for a reasonable price Visit us on the web or call Osprey Electronics at 208 664 1089 USA printing or storing results simple as well With a large 8 800 x 600 pixel color TFT LCD this scope is small enough and light enough to carry anywhere weighing under four Ibs Sensitivity range is 2 mV div to 10V div with maximum display of 100V horizontal display is from 1 ns div to 100 s div Up to 15 waveforms may be stored internally for comparison with live inputs Another useful feature is that waveforms can be stored on plug in USB memory sticks A persistence control is also available which simulates older analog scopes to compare slow moving waveforms with previous scans A B and A B math capability is included while the X Y display feature reveals phase delays The SDS9302 offers onboard storage and USB output making it useful in design maintenance and lab applications For more information contact Saelig Web www saelig com August 2012 NUTSiVOLTS 77 1 ugeSUm gt gt gt QUESTIONS Cell Phone Amplifier need a parts list and schematic to build a cell phone amplifier to connect to standard headphones 8 21 James Moore via email Powering a
63. Many alarm sensors including the infrared motion detector and glass breakage detectors shown in Figure 2 are just as easy to interface The setscrew connections shown in the open unit provide both N O and N C terminals that can be interfaced exactly like physical switches The output from switches and switch like devices can be arranged in series and parallel to implement zones and easily interface to a computer input port as shown in Figure 3 For those new to interfacing let s examine this figure in more detail Figure 3 shows details of two zones one using N O switches and one using N C switches As you can see the N O devices you can use as many as you like in each zone are wired in parallel while N C contacts are wired in series The two pull up resistors shown ensure that the associated port pin is normally high a logical one unless the state of the switches pulls the input to ground a logical low Notice that means that 3 N C switches B7 B6 BS B4 B3 B2 Bl BO 8 bit output port FIGURE 3 WINDOW AND DOOR SWITCHES ARE EASILY the N O pin will be HIGH unless any of the INTERFACED TO A COMPUTER associated switches are activated while the N C l August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 47 110 Volte CTL input Output 110 volts Cutput 2 Solid state Relays B B6 BS B4 B3 H2 Bl B B bit output port FIGURE 4 SOLID STATE RELAYS MAKE IT EASY TO ACTIVATE EXTERNAL 110 VOLT DEVICE
64. OTOTYPING amp TRAINERS Hobby Boards 0 esse testes dT Parallax Inc ssee Back Cover Global Speclallles restio eon t E 7i ctetu USAGES sosca E Pololu Robotics amp Electronics ds e All Electronics Corp eterne 51 AMATEUR RADIO ANDTV PROGRAMMERS AP Circuse AE A 2 NightFire Electronics eees 63 DESIGN ENGINEERING Puder 31 Eiiscdpg s remp M 9 Eee NE ee E PNE Mr REPAIR SERVICES teen T 9 y microEngineering Labs 35 Cana Kit Corp 58 Sete ete ies MUN S a eaa ec ee M Pt 155 PM FR ore ARE CARE 58 um EXpress REEE nro to re een een 19 MikroETleKtronikae see soeee en 3 Command Productions 43 BATTERIES CHARGERS Front Panel Express LEG 2 Cunard Associates 27 Cunard Associates QU Boa ae eene PD RFTRANSMITTERS RECEIVERS Digilent udi mcm an 5 Servicemanuals net ose 27 Abaco Technologies errores 24 y E Dimension Engineering iS BUYING ELECTRONIC SURPLUS Electronic Design Specialists 40 JavediEloctronies so oe ee 59 EDUCATION ROBOTICS l N RURSUS Wietttenuti WETTER LE 27 BIISCODC t ee ea Ee E tees 9 Ben ue E a an ee eee 5 Elkins Training eren 25 Dem CommiaridipPtrodullonms coeeeteeee ce per 13 ExpressPCB 19 Dalen CUm EUM GIZMOS ocio ene S cL UAR LET 27 sien seer ER ak d ADAC AE a LM CCD CAMERAS VIDEO g iss eee eee ee Cee Cee ere reer reer rere reer reer eee errr ret poe ass h Ed
65. S you are experienced with electronics you could build such a circuit using transistors an old fashion relay or if you are controlling 110 volt devices a TRIAC or other thyristor Fortunately nowadays many companies offer ready to use solid state relays so an in depth knowledge of electronics is not required for many applications involving higher voltages Figure 4 shows how two solid state relays can be used to activate 110V devices such as a lamp or radio It also shows how low voltage devices such as a 12 volt siren can be interfaced with a general purpose transistor The relays are controlled with signals from the two least significant bits on a computer output port while the siren is activated with the third bit position The remaining unused lines could be used to control additional devices as needed In our examples we will assume a logical one or HIGH from the computer will activate each device As you recall from Figure 3 our system has three zones of input sensors To make things easy to follow let s assume that Zone 1 is connected to all the doors in the house and Zone 2 is connected to all the windows Furthermore let s assume Zone 3 is an N C zone like Zone 2 and is connected to some motion sensors mounted outside the home We will also assume there is a lamp radio and siren connected as depicted by Figure 4 Before we write any code we must decide how we want our system to respond to external events If
66. SB interface for Controller 24v23 peu communicating with d a a PC loading apps or programming 15 general purpose I O pins including 5 analog inputs Motor Drivers Custom Laser Cutting ltem 2502 Dual VNH5019 Motor Driver Design Your Own Chassis Shield for Arduino 1093 30 1 Micro Metal Gearmotor HP 1086 Pololu Micro Metal Gearmotor Bracket Pair Easy to use with an 749 C so m Arduino 1616 shown Siew nano fis molde custom parts quickly and economically Finding the right parts for your robot can be difficult but you also don t want to spend all your time reinventing the wheel or motor controller That s where we come in Pololu has the unique products from actuators to wireless modules that can help you take your robot from idea to reality biPololu Engage Your Brain Find these products and more at www pololu com Advanced 32 bit MCU Power for the Arduino Community fal ail j PEL e AIATrRLRAC FRA y os ara CTHMHATINIA neh rma ANNA NALIOFINS i ial are CO y P nd a uw a ry t KIT Network Shield KIT Basic l O KIT a Shield Pmod 2 Shield 2 Au www nutsvolts com Build the Voltage Mirror Instead of having to redesign certain projects put a voltage mirror into place Voltage mirrors give you a copy of the input voltage but with the polarity swapped E By Jim Stewart Build the Mystery Solar P
67. The power wire that goes to V on the PCB gets soldered to the pad on the solar cell Likewise the power wire from GND on the PCB gets soldered to the pad Try not to apply excessive heat when soldering the wires to the solar cell to avoid damaging it Final Assembly Refer again to the final assembly diagram Figure 5 The black plastic enclosure shown in 34 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 the Parts List becomes the base of the solar pendulum The whole previous assembly is installed on the base by using four 4 screws to attach the cover to the enclosure The pendulum object needs to have a small neodymium magnet attached to the very bottom If you use a Steel globe like in the photos the magnet will stick by itself If you use a non metallic object for the pendulum the magnet will need to be glued in place The last assembly step is to adjust the string so that the gap between the magnet and the cover is at least 1 8 inch and no more than 1 4 inch The upper nuts on the top plastic holder must be loosened in order to adjust the string After each adjustment of the string make sure the pendulum object is still hanging centered between the two threaded rods before checking the gap For the best performance try to get the gap at 1 8 inch if possible Tighten the top nuts to lock the string in place once the pendulum gap is set Operation Operation of your solar pendulum is straightforward simply expose it to suffic
68. This device is 40 or 50 years old but Bi FIGURE 1 CATHODE lt K 20 NUTS VOLTS August 2012 see that they are still on the market so it is worthwhile explaining how they work The 2N2646 and 2N4891 are the old style non programmable UJT and are not available anywhere except from NTE at an exorbitant price The 2N6028 and 2N6027 are programmable unijunctions which have a different schematic but work the same The 2N6028 and 2N6027 are the same device but the 2N6028 has tighter specs The programmable unijunction is a four layer device similar to an SCR see Figure 1 The N layer is biased by RB1 and RB2 and sets the trigger point When the top P N junction is forward biased current flows causing an avalanche negative resistance effect The anode is pulled down but can t go as low as the old style UJT because of all the junctions The 2N2646 could go down to a diode drop of ground the 2N6028 goes only to 1 5 volts This avalanche effect is a problem for ICs iB FIGURE 2 YCE VE J Random Traffic Lights which have many junctions If the wrong PN junction is forward biased the IC will be destroyed The relaxation oscillator Figure 2 is easy to design but there are two considerations 1 R1 must provide enough current to start the avalanche In the datasheet this is called peak current Ip 2 R1 must not provide more than the holding current or the UJT
69. ULSOUT PORTC 4 20000 PAUSE D RETURN 200m5 pulse wait D ms BellFour PULSOUT PORTC 3 2 0000 PAUSE D Ted ESI 200mS pulse wait D mS Rain swicch ON Stare buccon increments N Ready PAUSE 1000 wait a half second READ 16 N last value of N C 9z L2 eo WHILE PORTA 2 0 1 Rain Switch ie ON TERRORIN 1 THEN Getoutk START BUTTON increments N IE PORTA 4 0 THEN Disp show N only no increment WEND GOTO Idle Getout PAUSE 500 N N 3 increments N by 3 LF N 15 THEN N 3 1 only 37079 Or 12 allowed WRITE 6 save new value of N WHILE PORTA 2 0 Wetec inal Rain 1 Sane Cla ie OPF WEND Diep PORTA 5 0 FOR Mi 1 TON PULSOUT PORTA 5 50000 5S00mS pulse to LED ncc sec N coun PAUSE 500 wait 500 ms NEXT M COMORES END August 2012 NUTS VOLTS 45 Design a Customized Security System Using RobotBASIC By John Blankenship and Samuel Mishal Nowadays home security systems are commonplace but often have limited capabilities If you could design your own system it could meet your specific needs and perhaps even save you money If your home could call your cell phone when a violation occurs for example you might be able to dispense with monthly monitoring fees If you travel a lot imagine the piece of mind you would have if you received an email every day telling you everything is secure ssume that in addition to the standard window and door sensors your home has motion s
70. a result note that the data values for bit 6 of port C and bit O of port B have all been set to 0 Since those two bits will not be used it doesn t matter how we define them it s just easier to be consistent However as we ll soon see while the definitions for bit 6 for the port C values are not a problem the definitions for bit O for the port B values will in fact create a problem The main do loop is functionally identical to the original version except for the fact that have added a toggle B O statement which included to clearly demonstrate the problem we re going to have Finally the display subroutine has also been simplified by our simpler data structure So what s the problem Let s assume that a shunt has been inserted onto jumper J1 on the stripboard so that pin A O is connected to the discrete LED on the stripboard In the main do loop the two discrete LEDs the one on the stripboard that s connected to the Serial Out pin and the other on the breadboard that s connected to pin B O are both toggled each time through the counting loop so it s reasonable to assume that both LEDs will behave identically ha Also a reasonable but incorrect guess would be that they both will be lit during one count and then off during the next count repetitively If you intend to construct the LED 2x7v2 board you may want to do so before reading further That way you can download LED 2x7v2 CountBad bas to you
71. aims for the legality of any item advertised in Nuts amp Volts This is the sole responsibility of the advertiser Advertisers and their agencies agree to indemnify and protect the publisher from any and all claims action or expense arising from advertising placed in Nuts amp Volts Please send all editorial correspondence UPS overnight mail and artwork to 430 Princeland Court Corona CA 92879 SEES HAN LE TY Printed in the USA on SFI amp FSC stock N minane Na Everything in one tiny package 100 is biles MARII PHI ird oe with TT to T bit oa I ay loc fe BT LLAT le Pst olu nd h gn p re time v refor sp jla 40 MSPS E 8 3 Channel Logic Analyzer gic t nir e si gn multi channel mixed signal measure Serial ee and Protocol Analyzer re lt ne d naly S C mS complex system control problems with ease Compatible with major operating systems including Windows Linux amp Mac OS X Pocket Analyzer is your ideal test and measurement companion August 2012 WNUTS2VOLTS 9 II BY JEFF ECKERT ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LIGHT TRAVELS FASTER THAN LIGHT ccording to Einstein s special theory nothing can move faster than light through a vacuum However it appears Sub gas that some researchers at the National Institute of Standards at 116 C and Technology NIST www nist gov have figured out a way to beat the system sort of and generate a stream of superluminal pulses The technique i
72. amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com BUILD THE VOLTAGE MIRROR By Jim Stewart Recently designed and prototyped a battery powered piece of analog equipment to run off two nine volt batteries After the prototype was finished it was decided that the device needed to have the option of using a wall mount power supply as well as batteries Wall mount supplies with 9V and 9V outputs are not easy to find but ones supplying 12 to 15 volts DC are readily available Instead of redesigning the main printed circuit board PCB decided to use a small add on board that would fit inside the enclosure On the board would be an LM317 regulator to bring the supply voltage down to nine volts Also on the board would be a TC962 charge pump DC to DC converter You supply V to the TC962 and it gives back Vy It s a voltage mirror A glass mirror gives an exact copy of an image but with left and right swapped A voltage mirror gives a copy of the input voltage but with the polarity swapped Circuit Description Figure 1 shows the schematic of the circuit Jumpers J1 and J2 allow the circuit to be used with either a nine volt battery or a DC wall mount supply The bars above the jumpers J1 and J2 show which ones to use for a wall supply For a battery slide the J1 jumper left and the J2 jumper right When jumpered for a battery the LM317 is bypassed We ll discuss J3 later For the LM317 a 0 1 UF capacitor at the input is
73. an intruder is detected outside the home Zone 3 for example we might want the system to turn on the lamp and the radio as an attempt to scare them away Since 48 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Zone 3 is connected to the outside sensors our software must monitor the B2 input pin which is the third bit position from the right and can be indicated by the one in the binary number 100 decimal 4 Before we can analyze the sensory data we must actually read it from the input port For purposes of this article we will assume we have a parallel input port installed on our machine at address 2000 arbitrary selection which means that the following subroutine could read the input data into the variable SensorData Check Pore ImPort 2000 ens onr Dara return It is important to realize that this is only one of many options RobotBASIC has other commands that allow you to read and write data through standard and enhanced printer ports or from many commercial parallel ports that are interfaced to your computer through a bus card a serial port or a USB cable If we assume our output port is located at address 2001 we can use the OutPort command to turn on various devices as shown in these examples J either of these lines i UE Clans Ne NS OUEPort 200 E J deest mm OUt Pore 2001 0 51 J Se binary 2 Onie eorne 2001 ai turns on tie Wamp OutPort 2001 0110 J turns on siren sande racie If we can determine which zone has
74. atic in Figure 1 is said to work although I ve not personally tried it Digi Key Mouser and other electronics distributors carry a selection of PTCs and bimetal circuit protectors that could be used James Sweet via email by readers and NO GUARANTEES WHATSOEVER are made by the publisher The implementation of any answer printed in this column may require varying degrees of technical experience and should only be attempted by qualified individuals Always use common sense and good judgment gt gt gt YOUR ELECTRONICS QUESTIONS ANSWERED HERE BY N amp V READERS Send all questions and answers by email to forum nutsvolts com Check at_www nutsvolts com for tips and info on submitting to the forum 3 work for a major appliance repair company retailer Replacing the factory compressor start device with an after market hard start kit is not recommended Most of those kits if not used or sized correctly can cause permanent compressor failure would suggest trying to source the correct part by model and serial num ber of the refrigerator There is a major appliance parts dealer in Cincinnati and Dayton that can help If you can not find a model or serial suggest Whirlpool part number 82017860 This kit covers several different compres sors as well as wiring connections Sean Battito Mohnton PA 4 The original part is shown at www repairclinic com PartDetail Start Device RF685018 1569121 The three
75. ation www cosmocorp com part 7226 0 The following items can be purchased online from LNS Technologies PO Box 501 Vacaville CA 95696 Email LNSTECH 9 TECHKITS COM SOLPEND KIT The complete kit of all parts for 39 plus 8 shipping SOLPEND PCB Just the printed circuit board for this project for 10 plus 4 shipping SOLPEND COIL Just the coil for this project for 8 plus 4 shipping August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 33 B FIGURE 2 COIL Wires Power Wires COIL Hex B FIGURE 3 Bend Here Ox Solder MA screw is inserted on the bottom side of the board Now place the coil over the spacer and solder the two wires as shown in Figure 2 Next install the T1 LED on the PCB If you look carefully at the LED you will see that one leg is shorter than the other the LED may have a Foil Side two transistors Q1 and Q2 They look similar but Q1 is a PNP and Q2 is an NPN so they are not interchangeable Be sure each transistor gets mounted in the proper location and orientation refer again to Figure 2 Before installing capacitors C1 and C2 take a look at Figure 3 Both capacitors C1 and C2 have to be mounted on their sides against the circuit board to provide clearance for the enclosure s plastic cover Bend both wires as shown before soldering each capacitor An aluminum spacer is mounted on the PCB in order to position the coil directly below the pendulum Make sure that the spacer is on the comp
76. b A Toast Message displays its text for a short period of time and then disappears The True at the end of the text extends the duration of the Toast Message extended its appearance time so could capture Screenshot 13 for you Save layout Legaut name d esigncyclelay ul amma E SCREENSHOT 11 We will use this layout name in our application It will be the argument of what is equivalent to a VG Load Form statement mM SCREENSHOT 12 Well that s good for a START One line of code ANDROID IN A DAY am no longer a skeptic Basic4android works and it works well In just a few pages of text and a couple of lines of Basic4android code we programmed the action kicked off by the click of a button What do you think this code will do Activity module Sub Process Globals These global variables will be declared once when the application starts These variables can be accessed from all modules End Sub i il SCREENSHOT 13 The Toast Message was generated as a Sub Globals result of pressing or clicking on These global variables the START button will be redeclared each time the activity is created These variables can only be accessed from this module Dim WebViewl As WebView End Sub Sub Activity Create FirstTime As Boolean Activity LoadLayout designcyclelayout START ELTON PRESSED End Sub Sub Activity_Resume End Sub Su
77. b Activity_Pause UserClosed As Boolean End Sub Sub brnStart Click EDTP ELECTRONICS INC WebViewl LoadUrl http www edtp com B End Sub Heed age a iar yaer Fc Lim l Il leave you with the contents pe pac ek mr cant era pill MICROCHIP of Screenshot 14 and the Raia rer include hartware dees AUTHOR ZED satisfaction of knowing that you iud memi ond tcc ing Cal iaa Mam M can add Android application PARTNER development to your Design Cycle Ta i T x a NV m SCREENSHOT 14 How about a AR that think we ve written three lines of code thus far SOURCES Basic4android Anywhere Software www basic4android com August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 73 BASICS FOR FUNDAMENTALS Ohmv s Law states that the Voltage is equal to the Resistance times the Current It is written E I times R E is Voltage in volts is the Current in amperes and R is Resistance in Ohms This time you are going to connect a 10 000 ohm resistor to a nine volt battery and measure the battery voltage Then you are going to measure the amount of current flowing in this circuit Next using Ohm s Law you are going to insert your measured battery voltage your measured current and your measured resistance value into the Ohm s Law formula to verify that it really works THE BEGINNER CIRCUITS AND A kit for these experiments can be purchased from the Nuts amp Volts Webstore at _www nutsvolts com or
78. be used as a voltage doubler as shown in Figure SB2 The value of the output voltage is actually vertically Make sure the cathode the banded end is in the hole with a square outline refer to Figure 2A On the solder side bend the leads out to hold the diode in place Now solder them and cut off the excess lead lengths Next insert the two resistors being careful not to mix them up The smaller value 200 2 should be closer to the LM317 Solder them in as you did with the diode Next insert the capacitors Verify that C2 C3 and CA are mounted with the correct polarity The positive end for each cap is indicated by a plus sign on the board e Solder them in as you did with the resistors IC1 Next insert jumpers at J1 and J2 On the S board a line of copper is above each set of holes showing the connections for a wall R1 mount supply To use a battery insert a jumper between the middle hole and the left hole at J1 and a jumper between the middle hole and the right hole at J2 If you re using terminal blocks for Viy and Voy mount them now Okay you re finished building it Printed circuit board Vout 2V 2Vd where Vd is the voltage drop across the diode Charge pumps can also generate 3V and V 2 as well as other voltage ratios such as 3V 2 4V 3 2V 3 and so on Vout 2V Source Figure SB2 Voltage Doubler Impedance A charge pump can be modeled as a voltage V in series with an impedance
79. bean Dr Sunnyvale CA 94089 408 743 5650 Store x324 owon OsciLLOSCOPES eat stor NK Celectronics com owon 100 MHz 2 Channel 1 GSa s Sample Rate 10M Record Length 8 800x600 TFT Display USB VGA LAN m 25 MHz 2 Channel 100 MSa s Sample Rate 8 640x480 TFT Display USB Interface 20 MHz 2 Channel 100 MSa s Sample Rate T Handheld with Battery y g 3 7 640x480 TFT Display For all consumer electronic brands Paper or Download 15 off 1 800 566 1363 www servicemanuals net For 15 off mention Nuts amp Volts or enter coupon NUTSVOLTS online exp 10 2 USE B fe Nh Serial LCD Funi3i znos Com granri I2 SFI HPFHH a d Yrs y com Dead Batteries Dont toss them Send them to us our rebuilds are better than original specifications i Radios Electronics E d prs Bar Code WI UNIDEN Tools Scanners wu TE ICOM Hilti kil KENWDDD Mi jerii ode Surveying Printers MIDLAND MOTOROLA Panasonie a HAD DeWalt Laptops MAXCON Makita AR ie YAESU 2 38 Valla Photography a imo isa aah ALING Wisit wA priimesceltl com for important details 24 Hr Secure recorder tel Fax 14 6823 7000 Cunard Asson Inn 2343 US HT 220 Bedtord PA 15522 Do you know how many watts YOUR MONEY are going down the drain from To order call 1 80 or online www nutsvolts com August 2012 NUTSsVOLTS 27 Discuss this article in the Nuts
80. call us at 800 783 4624 Jd RED Hole 22d BATTERY BLACK hole22 RESISTORS 1000 ohms Brown Black Red Gold R1 hole 9b hole 22b COM SCHEMATIC FOR CIRCUIT black kadi a CONNECTING WIRE Insert a wire into the following holes W1 9c and 9f dh F an ron an n d F i J en E E F FFF Fress ur ao am dm F gH a F d od A oa deo dm de a ar dam adam F a your voltage reading 1 O 07 V wa be ditrerent ws x F i ee ee I if el E s rr oam an am ay F F F F F ye COM rie F CEEE E pr rrr Sr dam ee d black ac d EU anam og aod Bedpre measuring voltage connect a fresh Syot battery to battery sna ff e rrr re GSSTechEd at www qssteched com You can order parts for this experiment from their website as follows GK35002 Nine volt battery snap 9VB Standard nine volt battery Y GK45010 Two 4 solid wire stripped on ends Red GK01089 Resistor 10 000 ohms 1 2 watt 596 CB111 Solderless circuit board 600 holes V DVM850BL Digital multimeter m sos gud yDsssess j TETES EEEE haee black lead moa gm og Wee i cee www we PICTORIAL AR ii aaa g gedit users DIAGRAM W A r i s os FFF ferris ao d o wow P F irr FEFFE 7 ke s ss Perens ee rrssc z TET xz 10 000 og zo Pree chm moa am 5 smog ogg These experiments ay wk us are pro
81. ch to say about it except that it provides results ranging from 0 00 to 0 40 percent BAC provides a readout in five seconds and comes with three mouthpieces so you can test a couple W The BACtrack keychain friends too If you put your car keys on it you won t forget to use it A zu M B ACTRACK 12 NUTSZVOLTS August 2012 i ET X NOWLEDGEY 2012 INDUSTRY AND THE PROFESSION n January1997 Apple Computer Inc changed its name to simply Apple Inc to reflect its growing move into a wider field of electronics At the time Macs still drove 47 percent of the company s revenue for a total of 2 5 billion The change has proven to be highly appropriate as figures from the first fiscal quarter of this year which actually ended Dec 31 2011 show that Mac sales accounted for an all time low of 13 percent of overall sales according to Computerworld That doesn t mean that sales are down in fact Apple posted first quarter sales of 5 2 million Macs a 26 percent increase over 2011 That doesn t match the 111 percent increase in iPads to 15 43 million though The only sour side was iPod sales down 21 percent to 15 4 million All told the company came in with 46 33 billion in quarterly revenues Back in 1997 when Apple had lost a billion dollars and was looking shaky Steve Jobs famously observed Apple doesn t have to lose for Microsoft to win Microsoft doesn t have to lose for Apple to win Turn
82. ck to the control pin pin 5 Q1 limits the peak current by resetting IC2 Since this is a similar circuit will use the design equations for the LM78S40 Ton Toff Vot Vd Vi Vi Vsat where Vo output V 12 Vd diode drop 5 Vi input V 3 Vsat Q2 saturation V2 Ton Toff 305 If the frequency F is 50 kHz then Ton Toff 1 50K 02 mS For simplicity let Ton 9 Toff 18 us This ratio is set by R1 R2 The capacitor C1 of IC1 is 1 44 F R1 2 880 pF when R1 10K Let C 2 700 pF an available value so then F 53 kHz Ip 2 lo Ton Toff Toff 2 0 025 305 1 0 065A when August 2012 WNUTS2VOLTS 21 955 NOST CRT rater Principles of Experimental Electromagnetic Electricity Researches in Theory and Electricity and Magnetism Magnetism by G P by Michael by J A Stratton Harnwell Farada McGraw Hill McGraw Hill E P Dutton Table 1 lo 25 mA Lmin Vi Vsat Ton lp 3 1 18u 065 800 uH Choose L 1000 uH Rsc Vb lp 4 065 6 ohms where Vb Q1 base to emitter voltage Output filter cap Co lo Ton Vr 025 18u 1 4 5 UF where Vr ripple voltage tried to simulate the circuit but after six hours stopped it and the simulation had only got to five volts output If you build it and have problems let me know may be able B FIGURE 5 LAMP1 SL 7 WATT our 200U i FIGURE 4 to help tweak it Another circ
83. cle For now just think of this section as a generic discussion on how to import a mu UN fu part Figure 7 show the link to Fritzing s Online Parts a M ED HE 1 Reference E FIGURE 11 Drag it to the m That led to a Fritzing web page that has a link to the Fritzing parts repository that led to the DS1307RTC fzpz that I downloaded In Figure 8 select the import item in the Fritzing Part menu Then in the directory seeese ee ee browser window shown in Figure 9 select the part to import sees 9 8 9 o Next searched for the DS1307 using the magnifying glass denoted parts e W F 1 to search facility shown in Figure 10 Then I clicked on the part and dragged and dropped it on the breadboard as shown in Figure 11 Notice how the part locks onto eeeeeeees the holes putting the DS1307 pins into them When you release the part the e efe B SFi68 e 6 connections are shown in green see Figure 12 What isn t clearly shown is which pin is pin 1 Figure 13 shows what happens if we let our cursor hover over a pin We see that this is the X1 pin and the next pin is X2 By referring to Figure 14 which shows an illustration from the DS1307 datasheet we see that these are pins number 1 and 2 We can tell this because the drawing has a circle divot on the IC to indicate the end with pin 1 and that pin is always on the left in the depicted orientation Next we consult the datasheet illustration of a t
84. cord and track oil ll Lubricheck a blood tester data on multiple vehicles and email customized reminders to users Lubricheck for your vehicle is priced at 39 95 and can be found at www lubricheck com A lubricheck re AVOID THAT DUI here was a time when you could go bar hopping toss down a dozen or so shots of Jack chase them with beer and drive on home when you hit closing time Unless you were weaving all over the road or speeding the cops weren t likely to be concerned about you However those days are long gone Today the authorities keep their eyes peeled for any signs of impairment and will show you no mercy So let s say you ve been hanging out at the local pub for a couple hours throwing darts with your buddies and you ve had a beer every 20 minutes Let s also specify that you re a 180 Ib male You feel just fine not a bit impaired According to boozing charts though you now have a blood alcohol content BAC of 0 102 percent which is well over the 0 08 percent that qualifies you for a DUI in all 50 states If you get caught driving the result can be fines legal fees insurance rate increases and treatment fees which can cost 10 000 or more You will also face license suspension possible job loss and some really dirty looks from the wife So if you do tipple a brew now and then it might be a good idea to invest 29 in a gadget like the BACtrack Keychain Breathalyzer available all over the Web There s not mu
85. ctice is to connect the decimal point to pin 7 of the output port and to assign a value of O to bit 7 of the data byte That way when you want to light the digit s decimal point you can just add 128 to the value of the data byte You may remember that the MAX7219 LED display driver uses that approach However in our LED 2x7 project we can t waste the only bi directional pin we have left SOLVING THE PROBLEM Of course the simplest way to solve our problem would be to define pin B O as an input However pin B O is the only bi directional I O pin that isn t already busy driving our two digit LED display so we certainly don t want to take that approach For example if we did that we could no longer use the DS18B20 temperature sensor because it requires a bi directional I O pin Fortunately there s a software solution to the problem and it only requires the addition of a simple if then statement As you know the 20M2 s outpinsB special function variable stores the real time values for all the portB output pins OutpinsB also has a feature that don t think we have discussed until now outpinsB is composed of the following eight individually accessible bit variables outpinB 7 o0outpinB 6 o0outpinB 5 outpinB 4 outpainB 3 outpinB 2 OULDIDB l outprinB 0 Of course it s the outpinB O variable that s relevant right now because it stores the real time state of the B O output pin Whenever pin B O is hig
86. ctuator is used to modulate a carrier that is superimposed on the 60 Hz AC power voltage for transmission While transmission distances are generally limited to a home or neighborhood it is a low cost way to transmit data In some smart energy systems a PLC node sends its data to a nearby collection or aggregation point that is then connected via cellular backhaul to the utility Figure 4 shows the full potential of PLC in a home network environment THE INTERNET OF THINGS You may have already heard of this movement which has the goal of connecting everything to the Internet Since we have already networked virtually all the PCs laptops tablets and cell phones it s time to move on to everything else Also called the Internet of Everything this is the use of M2M to provide a way to connect even the smallest cheapest and non significant devices to the Internet for potential monitoring or control It is being done right now but with low cost wireless and PLC transceivers with Internet interfaces Literally anything can be attached For example you could control a specific light switch in your home from your smartphone Or you could use your iPad or other tablet to monitor a security camera in your home from anywhere in the world There are so many examples of this and so much potential it is difficult to cover them all You can think up your own applications such as your refrigerator reporting its temperature or con
87. d alone executables RobotBASIC is easy to learn and totally free for individuals clubs and schools RobotBASIC also has commands for capturing images from TWAIN compliant web cams as well as a host of image processing functions for dealing with the images once they are captured Internet communications both TCP and UDP are supported as is the sending of email through an SMTP host These features make RobotBASIC an ideal language for many control applications including our security project FIGURE 2 AWIDE VARIETY OF SENSORS ARE Let s start by seeing how easy it is to implement the READILY AVAILABLE basic functionality of a security system Once we have a basic framework established you can add custom features to meet your particular needs and desires pin will be LOW until any of its switches are opened A The first thing our system needs to do is obtain typical input port has eight inputs The unused pins can be pertinent sensory information One way to accomplish this used for additional zones as indicated with Zone 3 is to utilize conventional sensors such as the magnetic In order to turn on external devices signals from the window switches used with standard alarm systems as computer s output port must be sent to a control circuit If shown in Figure 1 Typically such switches can be obtained in either N O normally open or N C normally closed varieties j W O switches Standard switches are not your only option
88. duces the current draw while monitoring the alarm inputs to only 10 mA This rises to about 15 mA while checking for glitches using PAUSE instead of NAP and will go up to 50 mA or more when the relay is energized The three extra inputs are coded to send alarms for a smoke alarm SM burglar alarm BU and carbon monoxide CO These alarm codes can be changed to match whatever inputs you desire but you ll need the full version of PICBASIC PRO to recompile after any The Standard for checking Capacitors in circuit Good enough to be the choice of Panasonic Pioneer NBC ABC Ford IVC NASA and thousands of independent service technicians Inexpensive enough to pay for itself in just one day s repairs At 5229 it s affordable And with a 60 day trial period satisfaction guaranteed or money back policy the only thing you can lose is all the time you re currently spending on trying to repair all those dogs vou ve given up on CapAnalyzer 88A Locate shorted or leaky components or co nditions to the exact spot in circuit Still cutting up the peb and unsoldering every part trying to guess at where the short is 229 Your DVM shows the same shorted reading all along the pcb trace LeakSeeker 82B has the resolution to find the defective component Touch pads along the trace and LeakSeeker beeps highest in pitch at the defect s pad Now you can locate a shorted part only a quarter of an inch away
89. e low and high temperature alarm limits After this is complete the PIC begins monitoring the alarm inputs and the user interface pushbuttons no longer function If you need to change the user entered data simply press the reset button and re enter it The alarm monitoring loop checks each alarm input sequentially and if any of the external inputs are found to be low the code waits 15 seconds and then checks again This should minimize false alarms from glitches or brief blips in your electrical service during thunderstorms If the alarm input is still low after 15 seconds the PIC dials the first phone number and reports the appropriate alarm using a two letter message in Morse code such as PF for power failure Even if you don t know Morse code the pattern of each message is distinctive and fairly easy to recognize could have added a digital voice recorder chip instead but decided against it due to the increased cost and complexity of the circuit Once the first call is complete the PIC dials the second phone number and plays the same message Finally the code sets a flag to remember that this particular alarm has already been reported so you don t get called again and again The code can report multiple alarms in series For example if your power fails in the middle of winter first you will receive a PF alarm and then a while later you will receive a LO alarm indicating that the house temperature has falle
90. ect reading and display every time 10 hospital grade re usable probe patches are included together with the matching custom case set shown Additional patches are available in 10 packs Operates on a standard 9VDC battery not included for safe and simple operation Note while the ECG1C professionally monitors and displays your heart rhythms and functions it is intended for no usage only If you experience any cardiac symptoms seek proper medical help immediately de ej e Electrocardiogram Heart Monitor Kit With Case amp Patches ECGIWT Electrocardiogram Heart Monitor Factory Assembled amp Tested ECGP10 Electrocardiogram Re Usable Probe Patches 10 Pack cmai m II 7 em Digital Voice Changer FTE r Steam Engine amp Whistle A This voice changer kit is a riot Just f E m a g Simulates the sound of a vintage steam is PA like the expensive units you hear the 5 25 S ea locomotive and whistle Also pro Prom A DJ s use it changes your voice with a multitude of vides variable engine speed as well as N volume and at the touch of a button the steam whistle blows Includes speaker Runs on a standard 9V battery MK134 Steam Engine amp Whistle Kit effects You can sound just like a robot you can even ad vibrato to your voice 1 5W speaker output plus a line level output Runs on a standard 9V battery MK171 Voice Changer Kit 14 95 5A PWM Motor Controller This handy contr
91. eet for the 555 includes many examples of using it including the one shot circuit that think will meet your needs nicely You can use a common transistor like the 80 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 2N2222 to drive the relay coil Don t forget to put a reversed diode across the relay coil to protect the transistor James Sweet via email 2 assume that the need is to have a delay before opening or closing the garage door The circuit diagram below will do this The circuit Figure 3 uses a 1Hz oscillator ICL555 which clocks a 4015 shift register as a sequencer When the output of pin 2 goes high the 4N35 optocoupler conducts The output shorts across a garage door pushbutton The Desa Int l wireless doorbell will need to close the switch shown as Enable PB This can be done with either another optocoupler or suitable transistor logic to simulate the switch closure In operation the Enable signal pin 15 must be active high long enough to be captured on the next clock edge When the yellow LED goes on the input has been captured For the circuit shown the delay is about four seconds Increase the clock frequency by decreasing the 560K and or 330K resistors in the clock section Note the series wiring of the RLED resistor optocoupler LED and red LED The 47 ohm resistor must be changed if the circuit is to operate on ET Enable FT H Sequencer 16 1514 13 12 11 10 9 D rst Q1 4015 3 4 5 6 7 8
92. ency can get out of a simple design There is one thing that makes the 555 desirable in some sense the CMOS version can go down to 1 8V don t quote me on this or so However the TTL version can go down to 3V which is good for battery powered boost converters Chris Actually the TTL 555 is only specified to work from 5V to 15V If you use it at three volts you do it at your own risk because it is not guaranteed to work Most CMOS 555s are specified to work from 2V to 15V but the LMC555 is specified to work from 1 5V to 15V The TTL 555 will source or sink 200 mA at 15V but the CMOS 555 will source 10 mA and sink 50 mA at 15V The LMC555 is specified to source 0 25 mA and sink 1 mA at 1 5V By the way the 555 in the LTspice library is a behavioral model not modeling any real world device It will work down to 1V VCC It appears to me that you would like to make a boost converter operating from 3V using a 555 This is how would go about it The boost converter operates by charging up an inductor then dumping the charge into a capacitor It is necessary to repeat the operation at high frequency in order to have a reasonably sized inductor For this exercise will design a boost converter for the following specs Input 3 VDC Output 12 VDC at 25 mA The output ripple is to be less than 0 1 Vp p The schematic is shown in Figure 3 IC1 sets the frequency triggering IC2 which is PWM d by feedba
93. end of my PIC data pipes Unfortunately couldn t see myself writing a 100 column series on Android programming So searched for a higher road BACK TO BASICS Basic4android that is Most of us have built PC applications using Visual Basic or Visual C Now we can build Android apps in a similar fashion Basic4android is very similar in touch and feel to Visual Basic However instead of sliding on Windows API calls Basic4android rides on the Android SDK and Java JDK Basic4android generates pure compilations of native Android code that don t require extra run time dependencies Before deciding to purchase a copy of Basic4android was very skeptical How could something so detailed and complex be pounded into a Visual Basic like package that is easy to use decided to take a chance and join the 25 000 developers that took the plunge before me NOT WASTING ANY TIME Let s stop talking and get cranking The first task that has to be performed is the downloading and installation of the Java JDK Basic4android depends on the Android SDK The Android SDK does not play well with the 64 bit version of Java So even if you are running Basic4android on a 64 bit PC you must load the 32 bit version of the Java 6 JDK The next milestone on the road to real Android app building is the installation of the Android SDK Once you ve installed it you ll need to install at least one version of the Android APIs As you can see in Sc
94. ensors mounted outside the house to give an early warning so the system can react before a break in actually happens hen outside motion is detected lamps and perhaps a radio could be turned on to give the impression that someone is home Furthermore the times of the outside movements could be logged and included in an email report Consider what you could do if your system could interface with a camera Instead of just saying that the house is secure the daily emails could actually include one or more pictures as proof that everything is okay And should an intrusion actually occur the system could take a picture of the intruder and immediately email it to yOu Once the system has the ability to interface with a camera imagine the added functionality you would have if it could be mounted on a motorized turret You might even want the ability to point the camera from a remote laptop and request pictures in real time If you need more flexibility imagine mounting the camera on a mobile robot that can be controlled over the Internet from anywhere in the world Remember the whole idea is to create a custom system that meets your needs You may or may not want all these features and you probably have additional requirements we haven t even considered With all these complexities you might be wondering how difficult it would be to implement such a robust design The software for such a project especially if it grows over time co
95. ent Q amp A Reader Questions Answered Here Answers to questions on a simple magnetizer random traffic lights and a headset amplifier are a few of the topics covered this time Smiley s Workshop Programming Hardware Projects Fritzing With the Arduino Part 1 Open Communication The Latest in Networking and Wireless Technologies M2M Machine to Machine Communications The Design Cycle Advanced Techniques for Design Engineers Putting Basic4android in the Driver s Seat Nuts amp Volts ISSN 1528 9885 CDN Pub Agree 40702530 is published monthly for 26 95 per year by T amp L Publications Inc 430 Princeland Court Corona CA 928 9 PERIODICALS POSTAGE PAID AT CORONA CA AND AT ADDITIONAL MAILING OFFICES POSTMASTER Send address changes to Nuts amp Volts P O Box 15277 North Hollywood CA 91615 or Station A PO Box 54 Windsor ON NYA 6J5 cpcreturns nutsvolts com NN G lobal www Globalspecialties com Specialties Phone 1 800 572 1028 GSPA ae GSPA SOP 8B i TSOP 48S WS 8 Pin SOP to Through 48 Pin TSOP to Through The DL 020 Sequential Logic Trainer introduces concepts of sequential logic design which is the final basic elements to understanding NEC eB microprocessor and ZI e oe microcontroller logic xs m d wee GSPA K1 44 Pin PLCC to Through 5 pin DIN connector Hole Prototyping Adapter housed on a PC board Hole Prototyping Adapter Hole Prototyping Adapter
96. esolution e Simultaneous Multiple Sensor Operation e Superior Noise Rejection e Target Size Compensation for Accuracy e Temperature Compensation 4 95 e Outputs now include TTL Serial 3 4 95 MSRP f www MaxBotix com Automatic Stair Lighting E x Lighting com SURPLUS ELECTRONIC PARTS amp ACCESSORIES Cables Hardware Relays Swrchas QOwer15000 Connectors LEDs Semiconductors Test Equipment Hema in Stock Displays Motors Service Manuals Tools Fans Patenticmeters speskers VOR Parts Surplus Material Components No Minimum Order SMC ELECTRONICS Credit Cards and PAYPAL Accepted www smcelectronics com Flat 4 95 per order USA Shipping _ COMPONENTS RF PARTS CO Tubes Transistors Power Components Email rip rfparts com Web www rfparts com 800 737 2787 Fax 888 744 1943 NS uM FPU64 Floating Point Coprocessor 64 bit and 32 bit IEEE 754 compatible SPI or I2C interface 3 3V Supply 5V Tolerant I O DIP 28 SOIC 28 TQFP 44 Extensive floating point support FFT matrix operations GPS input local device support Flash functions IDE Robotics Navigation Sensor Modules Embedded Systems Additional products uM FPU V3 1 32 bit FPU uM PWM1 Servo Coprocessor www micromegacorp com OSCILLOSCOPES ENGINEERING DESIGN SVCS DEVELOTECH INC IP PCB amp Circuit Design Firmware Smart Sensors Test Low Quantity Builds NV DEVELOTECH NET Orlando FL 407 756 6823 INCREDIB
97. etails August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 71 just instantiated in Screenshot 9 As you can see by using the Basic4android Designer attribute controls I ve added some text and color to the START button The Basic4android attribute control process is almost identical to the Visual Basic attribute control process Screenshot 10 is a view of all of the Basic4android Designer s tools Generate Members is used to create a subroutine for the selected objects we place on the Android palette Since we ve only created a START button ll SCREENSHOT 10 really wanted to show all of the options available to you within the Basic4android Designer sTools menu Dh Deuce SE Saioa Conn LO naa kb O O o Taip Meat s Bring Te Front J Desig Soa Sand T pak uult Duphcste Selected Views Fage Files D E Remove Selected Views Eveni Hiri hangs Grid Pad i ToD Emad Bana b Lonnect To Devices Ermmulator Lafi 4h Gexonnect From Deve Ernulstnr Tea A Wigh Show Abarat Designer H g i Eratded _ nhl True Tag an Teri START Ed Addimages Flerscwe setected Text Shy Typeface DEFAULT Laud er i ET BOLD B x 1250 scale 1 160 dpi ipnronts ipren CEMTEH HORIZOMTAL 1230 x 00 soos 1 080 dp Vetcal hymen CENTER _WERTECAL Se ai ext Color LZ rele Eton properties Preasa Fase Drarwaibie Dein Drawabie hew Vari Fenoz medei Device details 4507106441FFD87 Mame 1280 x TRS male t 180 dpi
98. ext ete rRe tuens 7 NKC Electronics a LIN deo uu ue Jaycan Electronics do e ee e TOE 59 i Nortake 23 Eut rlpcas c etr HM S NE 31 NetBurmar Ea one HAPRO Electronics sseseeeereseeeeneens 24 PaA GR CS IN NightFire Electronics cesses 63 Nightire EIBctronies camere eae tees 63 Jaycar Electronics eeeeeeneee DD Faiais a Lec So cnn 2 Nonskes o cu um mu 29 NKG Electronica EPI ML TE NKCIEIGCHOMICS eer etae 27 Parallax Ine eere Back Cover Ci sese c tee Ab orci AUT POSCODE e cie LI NE eti 63 POBIPOO AT ite EM 15 COMPUTER Ramsey Electronics ING ret ere ceret 82 83 Pololu Robotics amp Electronics 4 Hardware MSCS oed ett semet iati 63 TOOLS OTE 63 Plomake E Qu d MikroElektronika docs UE RS 3 QKITS 07 Weirdstuff Warehouse 2m MISC SURPLUS pga N MULUS d i NetB tmer eere A 2 All Electronics Co eee 51 pte m Ramsey Electronics Inc 82 83 Microcontrollers I O Boards Front Panel Express LLC mM dil Mi cu MEI E FEES Smilbillne betacceceecececs 31 Abacom Technologies 24 Weitdstuff Warehouse eere 27 POSCODe eee OS Servicemanuals net 7 EJ tie o MTS Fa EE m M ater uee 9 Sa a IEEE IS EXE E NT RN 37 OPTICS WEATHER MONITORING SUN COU E CON AE microEngineering abo oo LIRE Noritake A Hobby Boards T Weirdstuff Warehouse August 2012 WNUTS2VOLTS 81 Beat fe Heat Boild a Kit Ramsey K
99. fer some of the industry s lowest quiescent current for the given bandwidth without sacrificing the optimal performance essential for portable applications in the consumer industrial and medical markets With an aging world population in need of new therapies and early diagnostic tools devices like the MCP6V11 31 enable the development of portable medical products integrated with higher efficiency and signal conditioning hardware and software which is critical to accommodate the continued push for lower costs and faster times to market Designers of industrial applications such as portable sensor conditioning and instrumentation requiring low power smaller form factors temperature considerations and cost management can also benefit from the optimized performance low quiescent current and low operating voltage made possible by the MCP6V11 31 op amps Employing Microchip s advanced CMOS technology the devices require less current to operate the amplifier while simultaneously delivering longer battery life and minimal thermal related challenges The self correcting architecture of the MCP6V11 31 family provides a maximum input offset voltage of 8 uV for ultra low offset and low offset drift enabling maximum accuracy across time and temperature The MCP6V11 offers 80 kHz of gain bandwidth product with a low typical quiescent current of only 7 5 UA while the MCP6V31 provides 300 kHz of gain bandwidth product
100. fields interact opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other If PIVOT one field is held stationary and the other is allowed to move these attracting and repelling forces can be used to create motion This fundamental principle is the basis for many industrial products including stepper motors servo motors permanent magnet DC motors and permanent S magnet generators MOTION PERMANENT MAGNET Z ENERGIZED COIL PARTS LIST ITEM DESCRIPTION SOURCE 100K 1 4W Resistor 1N914 or 1N4148 Diode Jameco 179207 2N4403 PNP Transistor Digi Key 2N4403 ND 2N4401 NPN Transistor Digi Key 2N4401TFCT ND T1 size LED Digi Key 754 1218 ND 2 200 uF 10V Electrolytic Capacitor Jameco 606563 1 000 uF 16V Electrolytic Capacitor Jameco 30015 Solar Cell 4V 20 mA Futurlec SZGD4026 Base Keystone 705 Phenolic Enclosure Digi Key 705K ND Lid for Base Keystone 705 Cover Digi Key 2042K ND Miscellaneous Magnet coil printed circuit board 4 40 screws and nuts Aluminum hex spacer 8 32 threaded rods and nuts Parts Suppliers Digi Key Corp www digikey com Jameco Electronics www jameco com Tap Plastics www tapplastics com Futurlec www tuturlec com Files to create your own PCB are available at the article link The coil for this project is rated at 6 VDC 32 ohms and can be constructed by winding 150 feet of 33 magnet wire on a plastic round core bobbin available from Cosmo Corpor
101. from a good part Short can be from 0 to 150 ohms LeakSeeker 82B Available at your distributor or call 561 487 6103 Electronic Design Specialists www eds inc com changes It s up to you to figure out an interface to these devices which will generate an active low input to the PIC there are three unused inverters in U4 available for this purpose strongly suggest that you purchase a smoke alarm or carbon monoxide alarm specifically to connect to the autodialer rather than modifying ones you may already have installed in your home This will ensure that any modifications you make to them won t compromise your existing alarms and put your family s safety at risk That way you can travel with peace of mind knowing that if something happens back home you ll get the call Dan Gravatt can be reached at dgravatt juno com Nuts amp Volts 8 CD ROMS amp Hat Special Tihat s 96 i issues Complete iwith suppor dng code and media files NUTS VOLTS 2 Se NUTS VOLTS SN i ee oa ke Le n Tig T a 7 n t 40 NUTSEVOLTS August 2012 UTS Ve VOLTS 7 Wwe EN f ig ra By Chris Watson The art of engineering is to recognize and understand a problem to conceive and design a solution and to implement it in an appropriate way had the opportunity to practice this when church bells in the tower at St Mark s Episcopal Church located in Upland CA ch
102. gn by dreggeg a pert from He Parts Bin which gover at scribis ionic Eragi ii thee ihyical After you re fieished creating your sketch im the breadboard fa RES a Fe 4 fo amp Te FF fit tt f i DEFT CT On E FIGURE 4 Fritzing breadboard view August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 53 ee ee WU B B B B H B B B H H B B B B B H P B BH E i ft amp E E B do S ob d B E E OR oH Wo a m amp w Ww w m m mw mw w m m m w m m m mw ct ww See amp Ww mw w ww ww First Time Help Online Tutorials Online Projects Gallery Online Parts Reference Check for updates Import parts and bins from old version Report a bug Enable debugging log Donate to Fritzing Tips Tricks and Shortcuts 54 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 breadboard in the middle you see a computer with the design in Fritzing connected and then on the right there s a replicator that is outputting tiny flying submarines This cute drawing pretty much covers what the folks at Fritzing think they are about and although they have a long way to go they at least are making a light hearted first step in the right direction When first opened Fritzing it came up in the breadboard view shown in Figure 4 Let s close the breadboard welcome and move the breadboard up and resize the whole window as shown in Figure 5 Now in the parts window open the core parts and scroll down to the ICs Hmmm they have a DS1302 a
103. h outpinB O 1 whenever pin B O is low outpinB O 0 With this in mind let s add the following statement to the displayNum subroutine just after the read valTen segslen statement if outpinB 0 1 then segsTen segsTen 1 endif Now let s see how that changes things As we ve already discussed the first time the displayNum subroutine is called the binary value of 11110110 segment data for digit O is assigned to the segsTen variable In addition the LED attached to pin B O is lit so the real time value of outpinB O is 1 Therefore the if condition is true so 1 is added to segsTen which changes its value to 9611110111 When that value is assigned to outpinsB later in the subroutine the B O LED remains lit due to the 1 in the bit O position If the B O LED happens to be turned off when the if then statement is executed i e outpinB O 0 the if condition is false so the value of segsTen remains the same 11110110 When that value is assigned to outpinsB later in the subroutine the B O LED remains turned off Either way the if then instruction preserves the state of the B O LED You may be tempted to simplify things by replacing the above if then statement with the following statement segsTen segsTen outpinsB 0 You certainly can do that because this statement also solves the problem If pin B O 1 then 1 is added to SegsTen if pin B O O the value of segsTen remains the sa
104. he alarm sounded when there really wasn t a problem except for my faulty software nagazine article au So how do we fix the program so that the alarm doesn t sound unnecessarily For the time being I m going to take the easy way out but promise lIl correct that before we re done with our temperature measurement projects Really do Since it doesn t matter to me if the freezer temperature is a couple of degrees below 0 F I ll just assign a value of O to temp whenever a wrap around occurs Adding the bolded if then statement shown below accomplishes that and will keep the alarm from sounding whenever the freezer temperature drops below 0 F if negFlag 0 then if above freezing temp 32 temp add temp to 32 else else below freezing temp 32 temp subtract temp from 32 if temp gt 65000 then if it wraps around temp 0 let s call it zero endif endif BACK TO SQUARE ONE Once had resolved my little freezer alarm problem was eager to begin development on another one of my projects a temperature sensor for my cold smoker If you re not familiar with cold smoking a Google search will provide lots of relevant information Essentially it involves smoking various food items at temperatures well below 100 F so the DS18B20 is more than adequate for the task and there s no risk of exceeding its maximum temperature of 257 F Another assumption
105. hought of this approach first because as it turns out the necessary software is also simpler so it would have been a better place to start our explorations of a two digit LED display guess just needed to climb a couple of trees before could see the forest In the Figure 1 schematic the 19 pin connector along the left edge is a right angle male header that enables the stripboard to be inserted into a breadboard The 10 pins between B 7 and Gnd inclusive exactly match the layout of pins 11 through 20 on the 20M2 processor Therefore the stripboard can be inserted into a breadboard directly adjacent to pins 11 through 20 on the 20M2 Also note that there is no connection to pins B O and C 6 so those two pins are available for use in the 20M2 s breadboard circuitry Besides the fact that there s no processor in this version of our ust2012 PICAXEPrimer PICAXE PRIMER BaN Ping LED 2 ne s Digiti B FIGURE 1 LED 2x7v2 schematic project the most important change is that the port B pins are all connected to LED 1 the ten s digit and the port C pins are all connected to LED 2 the one s digit As a result each LED digit pattern can be stored in one eight digit value rather than the 16 bits that the original LED 2x7 project required As we ll soon see that s what simplifies the software Figure 2 presents the stripboard layout for the LED 2x7v2 board a larger version is available f
106. ice 245 95 Non Subscriber s Price 249 95 Sorting Counter Kit As seen in the July 2011 issue Sorting counters have many uses keeping score counting parts counting people it is just a handy gadget to have around This is a very simple project for those who want to learn to solder or are interested in using microprocessors and how they function No special tools are needed just a small tip soldering iron It has no box as it stands alone therefore there is no drilling Subscriber s Price 33 95 Non Subscriber s Price 39 95 32 Bit Micro Experimenter Board mm 80 The 32 Bit Micro Experimenter is the fastest way to learn 32 bit microcontrollers hes ae The kit includes onboard 46 programmable I O and USB free software carefully documented step by step experiments for USB embedded web server graphics and audio wireless RTOS and file I O User pushbuttons LEDs and 32 kHz clock crystal Can be used in solderless breadboard environment or stand alone Subscriber s Price 89 95 Non Subscriber s Price 93 95 The Learning Lab 59 95 The labs in this series from GSS Tech Ed show simple and interesting experiments and lessons all done on a solderless circuit board FOR BEGINNER GEEKS The Learning Lab 2 Basic Digital Concepts and Op Amps 49 95 The Learning Lab 3 Basic Electronics Oscillators and Amplifiers sr 39 95 As yo
107. ient light and the pendulum object should start swinging on its own Or you can always give it a starting nudge Once it is swinging you should see the LED flash each time the pendulum passes over the hidden coil Note that direct or indirect sunlight works the best An incandescent bulb works okay if held close enough but a fluorescent light will not work at all This project is a hit with audiences of all ages and it will keep you and anybody else who watches it Solar Cell us Solar Cell Holder B FIGURE 5 Thread lt q Power Wires T 4 Screws Qty 4 Circuit Board Enclosure gt Base X ray View mesmerized for hours NW PICBASIC PRO Compiler Experimenter 49 95 Silver Edition 119 95 Gold Edition 269 95 The industry standard BASIC compiler for Microchip PIC microcontrollers Multi Seat Licensing for Educational Institutions Upgrade from PICBASIC Compiler PBC microEngineering Labs Inc PICBASIC and PICBASIC PRO are trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc in the USA and other countries PIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc in the USA and other countries www melabs com Download a FREE trial version now www PBP3 com 888 316 1753 August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 35 BUILD THE AAR AU TODIALER Anyone who owns a house and is away at work or on a vacation will at some point wonder What s going on a
108. imed at 3 00 am in the morning and continued chiming every hour on the hour thereafter The following day the neighbors were complaining This was a problem however the short term solution was clear The computer was unplugged from its power and the bells were silenced here are four bells at St Mark s Church which are cast in bronze and are named after the four gospels Matthew Mark Luke and John They are mounted one above the other in a free standing tower and when required are struck by an electrically driven clapper The clapper is excited by the closure of a relay that applies 24 volts to the clapper coil at the appropriate time and in the correct sequence A controller with its computer and clock are programmed to chime as desired Simple you say Well in the early 1980s when the bell system was installed personal computers were in their infancy and the friendly user interface had yet to arrive We followed the programming instructions and inserted ones and zeros in some of the 76 locations which contained the program as part of our valiant attempt to make the chimes occur correctly on cue Unfortunately we failed The controller needed a make over We used a remote controller from the tower that was connected by only five wires Connections were labeled and disconnected and the unit was disassembled The metal case the circuit board front panel the power supply the switches and
109. including LiPo LiLo and LiFe won t go into details here as you can tell l m trying to entice you to take a look at SERVO but each formulation has different costs and capabilities Then there s the physical packaging Some lithium batteries are because of safety regulations encased in hard heavy plastic discovered this type of battery on the Parrot AR Drone 2 0 the low end vehicle in my study and immediately ordered a replacement battery with the same weight and dimensions but that provided double the capacity The new battery is encased in shrinkwrap The tradeoff is that lithium cells are known to catch fire and explode when damaged in a crash a tradeoff that I m willing to make There are lightweight fireproof battery wraps available if you want to lower the risk of fire somewhat The problem with the battery upgrade for the Parrot AR Drone was that the original charger couldn t handle the load so was forced to buy a new charger The best charger in this case had to handle not only the relatively minor demands of the AR Drone battery but those of the batteries capable of powering the meatier motors and electronics of drones from DIYDrones www diydrones com and Parallax www parallax com What s more because it s illegal to fly a potentially lethal drone over a crowded city like Boston have to travel an hour outside of the city to test the drones That means a suppl
110. intruder is within view of the web cam and then send the picture as an email attachment If you really want to get creative you could make your system interactive With RobotBASIC s ability to communicate over the Internet you could use your laptop to take control of your home from anywhere in the world This gives you many options If you mount your web cam on a servomotor controlled turret for example you could use a remote mouse to point the local web cam to obtain a panoramic view of your home or alternatively use RobotBASIC s internal robot protocol and a Bluetooth connection to control a mobile robot equipped with a wireless web cam to see anywhere you like RobotBASIC offers many features for implementing complex PC and multi processor based projects These include support for all standard I O operations including USB and Bluetooth connectivity as well as Internet communication web cam support and much more Download your free copy including extensive documentation at www RobotBASIC com August 2012 NUTSiVOLTS 49 FIGURE 5 COMMERCIAL PHONE DIALERS SUCH AS THIS ONE MAKE IT EASY FOR YOUR HOME TO CALL YOU AND YOUR NEIGHBORS WHEN AN INTRUDER HAS BEEN DETECTED Even if you are just a novice don t think that these features are out of your reach Controlling servomotors for example can be handled easily in RobotBASIC by using a USB based servomotor controller Once you set up the controller as a virtual seria
111. ip irs Remeras eee Re mone EEE MAIN CR TH PUTET eren Cone et r7 la Te TE Android Programming A Walk In The Park Screenshot 3 results in what you see in Screenshot 4 ll SCREENSHOT 4 The Android Msgbox code works just like its Visual Basic cousin THE IMPORTANT STUFF When you really get down to it the coding is secondary to the look and feel So let s not do that Hello Set paria nant your agsscation usque ident Package name design cycle pkg rame Oe Canoe ll SCREENSHOT 5 The package name is a unique identifier for your Android app The package name you enter has to be in a dotted division format For instance this is my package name 70 NUTS VOLTS August 2012 of code isn t exactly a program but tre it is just enough to display the message you see in Screenshot 4 on my Galaxy Tab World thing just yet I m anxious to see something on the Android device s display that can touch and see something happen Once we do that the application ideas will form all by themselves Let s do some work on that Msgbox code and see what happens when we punch and twist some of the Basic4android s buttons and knobs The first order of business is to make sure that we have the correct driver for the Android device we wish to use in the app development process Obviously have already done that If your Android device is giving you fits and won t connect to the Basic4android IDE
112. its Are Always Neat Even In The Dog Day Heat Wie Electrocardiogram ECG Heart Monitor Visible and audible display of your heart rhythm v Bright LED Beat indicator for easy viewing Vv Re usable hospital grade sensors included Vv Monitor output for professional scope display Vv Simple and safe 9V battery operation When we think summer we normally think of vacations traveling m d and all the activities you have been waiting for all winter And whether that includes hiking that new trail you ve heard about or SE riding the new rides and waiting in line in the scorching heat at Wally World there WILL be physical exertion involved While we are frequentl married that February is national Heart Smart month we think every month should be Heart Smart month Heart Smart is a way of life and certainly shouldn t be limited to one month a year We kept that in mind when we designed the ECG1 Not only will building an actual ECG be a thrill but you ll get hands on knowledge of the relationship between electrical activity and the human body Each time the human heart beats the heart muscle causes small electrical changes across your skin By monitoring and amplifying these changes the ECG1C detects the heartbeat and allows you to accurately display it and hear it giving you a window into the inner workings of the human heart and body One of our engineers guinea pigs checking his heart Use the ECGIC to astound y
113. itters Timers Audio Amplifiers e Motor Controllers e Custom Designs 1 888 540 KITS 5487 www canakit com 58 NUTS VOLTS August 2012 Canakit www canakit com Oscilloscope 4 Port USB Relay Controller with 6 Channel Analog Digital Interface allowing you to add curved bends Just hold down the CTRL key when you left click on a wire and you ll get a rounded bend This is something you need to fool around with a bit since describing it isn t as useful as actually watching what happens You should get something like the curves shown in Figure 1 Now we know how last month s Arduino DS1307 RTC on a breadboard was generated We are now ready to use this design in Fritzing to generate a schematic and layout for a printed circuit board which we will do next month in Part 2 99 59 ASSEMBLED Another Real Time Clock Option This two part Fritzing tutorial shows you how to design and build your own DS1307 based real time clock If you just want one to play with you can purchase the DS1307RTC kit which contains all the parts you ll need from the Nuts amp Volts Webstore See you next time NV us FI Better More Technical WWwW JayCcar us 1800 784 0263 rduino Compatible Boards many projects ideas and programs available to freely use LeoStick Arduino compatible Cat XC 4266 A tiny Arduino compatible board that s so small you can plug it
114. king and characterization supply noise verification and automated production testing LOW COST 300 MHz OSCILLOSCOPE Ss Company also introduces the SDS9302 a new two channel bench top scope sporting a huge record length for each channel 10 MSa when sampling at up to 800 MSa s 10 KSa when sampling the maximum 3 2 G Sa s This allows for zooming in on fast intermittent pulses or glitches The SDS9302 is a low cost versatile scope that has many useful features normally only seen on higher end DSOs including deep memory external video capable trigger auto measurements auto scaling large 8 full color TFT LCD display external monitor projector output XY mode auto set averaging math functions USB output waveform storage pass fail output and a three year warranty FFT functionality is included for frequency spectrum display The SDS9302 comes in a sleek slim case and can be fitted with an optional battery ideal for field or isolated operation The Autoscale feature automatically adjusts the vertical gain or the horizontal time base or both together This is useful for circuit probing As the probe is moved from point to point on a circuit board the display auto adjusts for best trace presentation It works like AutoSet but instead of being a one time function it s active until turned off keeping it hands free An instant display of the frequency spectrum of the signal under test is pro
115. l edge of the D PAK that is lying on the B FIGURE 3 Assembled board August 2012 NUTSsVOLTS 29 Charge Pumps To step a SW1 DC voltage up Vin or down or to convert V to V it is common to use circuits that contain inductors or transformers However inductors and transformers can be bulky and expensive So when power requirements are low it often makes more sense to use capacitor based charge pumps Charge pumps are available as inexpensive integrated circuits such as the TC962 Figure SB1 shows the block diagram of a charge pump used to convert a positive DC voltage to a negative DC voltage An internal oscillator drives transistor switches that control the charging and discharging of the two external capacitors Cr and Cs Cr is the so called flying capacitor while Cs is the charge storing capacitor for the output Operation is as follows Figure SB1 Charge Pump Block Diagram e Step 1 Switches SW1 and SW3 are closed which connects the top of Cr to Vin and the bottom of Cr to ground So Cr charges up to V Switches SW2 and SW4 are open e Step 2 Switches SW1 and SW3 open and switches SW2 and SWA close SW2 connects the top of Cr the positive end to ground while SW4 connects the bottom of Cr to out e Step 3 While SW2 and SW4 are closed charge is transferred from Cr to Cs e Step 4 SW2 and SW4 open while SW1 and SWS close The cycle repeats Voltage Doubler A charge pump can also
116. l port use RobotBASIC s SerOut command to send commands to the controller with the desired positions for each servomotor and that s it The controller will continue sending the necessary pulses to hold each motor s position until commanded differently Since it is easy for RobotBASIC to communicate with microcontrollers you can incorporate them in your system Customizable Security System Alarm is ON acer dcis to cane titieeletion Code Lil Far kalatih GRICE Dense frefe clict fai THEERT MA amp DCHndsh far FECTMEI FIGURE 6 THIS BASIC SECURITY SYSTEM INCLUDES A SIMULATION THAT MAKES IT EASY TO TEST YOUR IDEAS 50 NUTS VOLTS August 2012 in a variety of ways Suppose you want your intelligent security system to monitor the windows in a detached garage or outbuilding and you don t want the hassle of running wires between the house and the remote structure One easy solution would be to program a microcontroller to monitor the garage windows and transmit the information to the system PC using a Bluetooth link Once you interface a serial Bluetooth transceiver with the microcontroller and a USB Bluetooth transceiver with the PC RobotBASIC has commands to handle all the communication Even with all these improvements our intelligent house still has many potential options We could interface photoresistors and perhaps thermistors in appropriate rooms so the system can utilize that data as well as clock and calendar i
117. llowing number RF 6850 18 and consists of a PIC starter and an over load protector Can replace this with a hard starter contacter can photocopy the schematics and email anyone who can help me 1 Go to any well stocked refrigera tion supply house and ask for a universal compressor starter This will be a device with leads I have no idea what s inside Connect it as shown on the package removing the existing starter device These things work every time Be sure to leave any original thermal protective device intact They can also be used on small air compressors that use PTC devices as starters Don Pomeroy Manchester NH 2 I ve bought PTC starters for refrigeration Compressors from www repairclinic com on a few different occasions A local appliance shop with a parts counter should be able to supply them too either OEM or a All questions AND answers are submitted by Nuts amp Volts readers and are intended to promote the exchange of ideas and pro vide assistance for solving technical problems All submissions are subject to editing and will be published on a space available basis if deemed suitable by the publisher Answers are submitted replacement The Nard start kits you can get are nothing more than a standard PTC starter overload protector and capacitor stuffed into a housing The one time tried one of those it failed within a few weeks If you want to try rolling your own the schem
118. llows baseband signal and LF noise analysis The APPH6000RM IS features a cross correlator engine and internal low noise reference sources to enable fast and accurate one click measurements Fully automated frequency acquisition and self calibration simplify the use and applicability of the APPH6000RM IS resulting in fast 76 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 measurement throughput and operator ease of use Using proven cross correlation measurement procedures and self calibration routines reproducible and accurate measurements are obtained even under changing environmental conditions The APPH6000RM IS s operation can be facilitated using Ethernet 100BaseT LAN VXI 11 or USB 2 0 host interfaces or via a GPIB listen and talk option A platform independent intuitive graphical user interface GUI is used to control the device from a PC while an API library and powerful SCPI command language set is also available for custom test applications Designed to operate from external 6V DC 110V adapter provided at up to 15 000 feet and O to 45 degC the APPH6000RM IS can be configured to meet user requirements such as selectable internal or external reference source phase detector models and frequency offset ranges Two channel cross correlation is also supported for lowest noise measurements down to 180 dBc Hz Applications include general purpose phase noise tests crystal oscillator and VCO testing PLL synthesizer loc
119. logies with potential for M2M are Z Wave which is popular in home control and Bluetooth that has both low power and mesh networking capability making it an option for some applications Another possibility is proprietary systems based on ISM industrial scientific medical band radios in the 433 and 915 MHz ranges Even short range technologies like RFID and NFC could find a use in some M2M applications Radio 62 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 B FIGURE 4 This graphic shows the many possible uses of PLC for M2M applications in the home It includes appliance monitoring and control security and connection back to the electric grid via the smart meter Courtesy Texas Instruments frequency identification RFID is the use of passive no battery power tags to locate and track items to which they are attached The transmit receive range is short from a few inches to several feet which limits their use but they re a good fit for applications such as inventory and shipping control Near field communications NFC is that short range technology using the 13 56 MHz band for payments and access An NFC powered smartphone can use NFC like a credit card for paying for purchases or for access to trains or buildings While wireless communication technologies dominate M2M power line communications PLC is another option This is the use of the AC power lines for data transmission The binary data from a sensor of a control signal to an a
120. low housing While could design a simple relay driven circuit to step through the lights I d like something more eloquent Could you suggest a circuit that does a soft bright dim cycle PWM style and if possible is random between the three lights Mark Bender For randomness you would need a microcontroller and that could also do the PWM I suggest you change the lights from 110 VAC to 12 VDC 12V bulbs are available from a camping store Now see that a PIC PWM command does not accept a variable so that makes it difficult to produce variable PWM Consequently will use three separate sweeps at different frequencies to have a random effect The circuit in Figure 6 is one of three needed for the three lamps IC1 is the clock about 100 Hz and could be common to all three circuits if you want R1 is included to ensure that the period of IC1 oscillation is longer than that of IC2 The 555 can t be re triggered while it QUESTIONS amp ANSWERS 12U 100K 220K R5 1MEG i 810 CGR5L2X7R1C225K GND 40 12Uz oO B C4 O 1 C sd Q1 Pl GND 211 UNP10NOS DU GND ONE OF 3 CIRCUITS EACH HAVING DIFFERENT SWEEP RATE i FIGURE 6 is timing so if the period of ICT is less or equal to the period of IC2 IC2 will not be triggered every time If the lights suddenly dim during the sweep R1 needs to be larger IC2 is PWM d by a triangle wave
121. ls screwdriver Light fluorescent tubes each with 256 different levels Uses without wires This plasma genera a vate Fa standard XLR cables Multiple fixtures f tor creates up to 25kV at 20kHz froma oes off Sensor can even be remotely can be simply daisy chained Includes Light Playe solid state circuit Build plasma bulbs from located Runs on a standard 9V battery software for easy control Runs on USB or 9V power regular bulbs and more Runs on 16VAC or 5 24VDC MK108 Water Sensor Alarm Kit K8062 USB DMX Interface Controller Kit 67 95 PG13 HV Plasma Generator Kit 64 95 Air Blasting lon Generator Tickle Stick Shocker Generates Br bars ions along with a The kit has a pulsing 80 volt tickle Our famous Speedy radar gun EB hefty blast of fresh air all without any output and a mischievous blink teaches you doppler effect the noise The steady state DC voltage ing LED And who can resist a fun way Digital readout dis we generates 7 5kV DC negative at 400uA blinking light and an unlabeled plays in MPH KPH or FPS You and that s LOTS of ions Includes 7 wind switch Great fun for your desk supply two coffee cans Runs on ae tubes for max air Runs on 12 15VDC Hey told you not to touch Runs on 3 6 VDC 12VDC or our AC125 supply wei ey lon Generator Kit 64 95 TSA Tickle Stick Kit 9 95 SG7 Speed Radar Gun Kit 69 95 Tri Field Mete
122. lso we ll experiment with the new M2 class readinternaltemp command and compare its accuracy ARE WE DONE YET thought that we would finish our discussion of PICAXE temperature measurement capabilities this month but as usual talk too much so we re still not exbresspcb com August 2012 NUTSsVOLITS 19 BI WITH RUSSELL KINCAID Join us as we delve into the basics of electronics as applied to every day problems like In this column I answer questions about all aspects of electronics including computer hardware software circuits electronic theory troubleshooting and anything else of interest to the hobbyist Feel free to participate with your questions comments or suggestions Send all questions and comments to Q amp A nutsvolts com UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR You were asked to provide a circuit to blink LEDs in the February issue something equivalent to the classic blinking neon NE 2 type light relaxation oscillator gathered There is another way to do this with LEDs that have been using for years using a unijunction transistor It uses one cap two resistors one LED and one UJT and runs on 5 10 volts Slightly more complicated than the old NE 2 version but runs on low voltage You ought to do a story on this Bob Waber guess you are right Bob thought the unijunction was obsolete Someone gave me 5 000 of them once but I finally threw them away
123. me However it s important to understand that this approach only works because the LED is attached to pin B O For example if the LED were attached to pin B 7 we would need to manipulate bit 7 of the segsTen variable To place a 1 in that bit position requires that we add 128 to segslen For example if segsTen equals 5 then 5 9600000101 plus 128 amp 10000000 equals 133 96010000101 That s why we add 128 to the data value to light the decimal point when we use the MAX7219 LED display driver So modify the LED 2x7v2 CountBad bas program by inserting the above if then statement into the displayNum subroutine just after the read vallen segsTen statement and re run the program You may want to first save the modified program as LED 2x7v2 CountGood bas When you run the modified program both LEDs should behave identically to the readings of the DS18B20 One thing that we won t be covering is the PICAXE readtemp 12 command It is more accurate than the readtemp command but it s also much more complicated The readtemp command is accurate to within one or two degrees Fahrenheit which is good enough for me See you next time done Next time we ll take a look at the software that s needed to enable the DS18B20 to report accurate readings throughout its entire temperature range 67 F to 257 F I certainly don t expect my freezer to get that cold or my cold smoker to get that hot but you never know A
124. modules on the lower right The application communicates back to the control point via an Ethernet connection source of growth Most of the big carriers like AT amp T Sprint T Mobile and Verizon are building M2M services Since most M2M applications have a low data rate existing GSM GPRS EDGE and cdma2000 networks are adequate The newest 3G and 4G cellular networks can provide even faster M2M data services Figure 1 shows a typical cellular transceiver that can be built into almost any other product This is Sierra Wireless SL6087 module that supports the 2G GSM GPRS cellular standard It can interface to almost any sensor or actuator light relay solenoid motor etc Its ARM9 embedded controller with the appropriate software implements an M2M node that connects to some remote computer through the existing cellular system Figure 2 shows a 3G module This one from Telit Wireless Solutions uses HSPA 3G technology and works in the five most popular cellular bands HSPA can achieve data rates up to 21 and 42 Mbps It is also GSM GPRS EDGE capable In some cases the sensor or actuator may be connected to a Wi Fi public hot spot or other access point that in turn provides connection to the remote computer via an Ethernet network Some systems use an August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 61 PLC Solutions from the Smart Grid to the Home varuud Liz IDETETITEFIIITIET intermediate gateway between the sensor node and the cellular
125. n below minimum When power is eventually restored and your furnace warms up the house again you will receive an AC message indicating that the alarms are cleared but only after each of the individual alarms have actually cleared considered reporting each individual alarm as it cleared but decided that if you have multiple alarms going off just fixing one of them really doesn t count for much When the AC message is sent all alarm flags are cleared so that new alarms can be reported in the future BUILD IT The circuit can be built on any general purpose board but for the most BlllTrm TIJAN accurate temperature sensing the DS1621 should be exposed to ambient air outside whatever project case you use recommend installing some sort of guard over the sensor to protect it while letting air flow through PARTS LIST DESCRIPTION DIGI KEY PART U1 PIC16F876A microcontroller PIC16F876A I SP ND U2 DS1621 l C Centigrade temperature sensor DS1621 ND U3 LM7805 five volt linear regulator TO 220 case 296 13996 5 ND 74HC14 hex Schmitt trigger inverter 497 1777 5 ND 4N25 optocoupler 4N25MFS ND 20 MHz crystal 631 1091 ND 2N2222 transistor PN2222BU ND R1 R5 4 7K ohm resistor 1 8 watt 4 7KEBK ND R6 2 2K ohm resistor 1 8 watt 2 2KEBK ND R7 1M ohm resistor 1 8 watt 1 0MEBK ND R8 R9 10 ohm resistor 1 2 watt 10H ND R10 R12 1K ohm resistor 1 8 watt 1 0KEBK ND D1 D5 1N4004 diode 1NA004FSCT ND D6 D7
126. nalog inputs e Prototyping area A prototyping shield for the Eleven XC 4210 and USBDroid XC 4222 Provides plenty of space to add parts to suit any project keeping everything neat and self contained Includes dedicated space to fit a power LED and supply decoupling capacitor e Softcover 422 pages 235 x 190mm e FAST DELIVERY TRACK SHIPMENT Eleven Arduino compatible XC 4248 XC 4257 XC 4268 XC 4224 XC 4220 H Bridge Motor Driver Shield XC 4264 8 Channel Relay Driver Shield XC 4276 Practical Arduino Book A large and detailed book that takes you beyond basics quite quickly and shows you how to make up a typical application design This is a necessity as it goes to Monday Friday 09 00 to 17 30 GMT 10 hours Prices valid until 31 08 2012 An incredibly versatile programmable board for creating projects Easily programmed using the free Arduino IDE development environment and can be connected into your project using a variety of analog and digital inputs and outputs Accepts expansion shields and can be interfaced with our wide P 0 Box 107 Rydalmere NSW 2116 Australia e 54 digital I O lines e MicroSD memory card slot e Switchmode power supply Arduino is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use hardware and software It can be used to develop interactive objects taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors and controlling a va
127. nce of R2 a 4 7K pull up resistor on open drain pin RA4 that is needed for reliable output function Although have used RA4 as an output without a pull up resistor in other projects wasted several hours with this device proving to myself that it doesn t always work without the pull up resistor Figure 3 shows the main board which is actually a leftover custom made part from a previous project recommend that any time you have a custom board made design as much flexibility into it as you can extra pads traces and pads on all IC pins etc so that you can use any extras for other projects The Maxim formerly Dallas Semiconductor DS1621 is a very capable and easy to use part for measuring and controlling temperatures in degrees B FIGURE 3 Main board Note creative reuse of custom board from an old project RBS SMOKE ALARM 7 BURGLAR ALM CO ALARM 12 VAC 4X1N4004 a gt ees DS 1N4004 S 2 ic nda D pE wart 3aur 1N4004 Z 5v licam i S US 4Ne5 M De BT1 6V 1N4004 Tad 7 wet 74HC14 74HC14 n S HATER PROBE WATER PROBE D4 eil RL1 V 1N4004O C3 iuF Q1 A Ie eNeeee Centigrade A standard two wire lC interface to the PIC with two pull up resistors is all that is needed As it is the only device on our lC bus its address is set to zero by grounding all three of its address pins The Tout pin which can be used as a thermostat output is not used in this project The part I m
128. ndroid emulator which is ruled by the Android Virtual Device Manager The Device Manager is part of the Android SDK and is the tool that allows you to create a virtual Android device Since we are using a real ll SCREENSHOT 8 The further we delve into the Basic4android application development process the more it begins to smell like developing with good old Visual Basic fF 131441 Android device for development we need not fiddle with the AVD Manager With that let s move on and start adding some meat to our fledgling Android application If you ve ever written a Visual Basic or Visual C program here s where that knowledge can be applied to your Basic4android app We re going to invoke the Basic4android Designer from within the Basic4android IDE and add a button to our infant Android application Note that in Screenshot 8 have opened Basic4android Designer and added a couple of layouts for the Galaxy Tab 10 1 I ve also selected to add a button to our application By taking advantage of the Basic4android IDE s Screenshot tool am able to show you the button ra Cigar mm Bie Add iem loch ButeCespletuEditText Top Moai Tap Moat gheckBox Act EditTexi om Image Files d mage view Harizantalf relies Label Lise k i Panel ProgressBar EadioButton Scr pif Sea kBar Spinnet TabHost ToggleButtan 1280 x 8DO scale 1 180 eb m Her eris Famove peed Cesena d
129. nel Cat XC 4250 A huge dot matrix LED panel to connect to Eleven XC 4210 EtherTen XC 4216 and more This s large bright 512 LED cdd matrix panel has on board 29 00 controller circuitry designed to make it easy to use straight from your board Clocks status cisplays graphics readouts and all kinds of impressive display projects are ready to create with this display s features e 32 x 16 high brightness Red LEDs e 5V operation e Viewable over 12 metres 40 ft away e Tough plastic frame e Controller IC s on board simple clocked data interface All prices EXCLUDE postage amp packing NOTE Can for comparison only i BY LOUIS E FRENZEL W5LEF M2M Machine to Machine Communications he Next Big Thing Electronic communications has always been about humans communicating with one another whether it is by radio TV ham radio email texting or Skyping All the while in the background there has been an ongoing expansion of communications between machines or non human objects This movement is known as machine to machine M2M communications Think of it as communications in the background because we don t usually see it or feel it in any way It just happens as it does the specific job assigned to it Now because of low cost wireless and other forms of electronic communications M2M is a rapidly growing phenomenon It may be affecting you now and in the future it will cer
130. nformation to determine when drapes should be opened or closed in order to minimize air conditioning costs in the summer or to make an empty home appear to be occupied Remember the cost of building a custom security system does not have to be an issue since you have the option of dispensing with standard monthly monitoring fees by interfacing with a commercial phone dialer such as the one shown in Figure 5 To help you get started the complete code for a basic alarm system can be downloaded from www RobotBASIC com To make it easy to test your ideas the program includes a working simulation see Figure 6 for a sample output screen that allows you to see how the system responds to sensory data you can trigger different zones by clicking them with the mouse Such a simulation can greatly simplify the development of your own customized system One point should now be clear If you are truly interested in designing a custom security system or even a fully intelligent house there is nothing standing in your way Remember you don t have to do everything at once After you get a basic system operational you will often find that software enhancements alone can boost its functionality If that s not enough just add additional hardware over time and expand and enhance your software to implement the features you desire SUMMARY Implementing a custom security system for your home can be far less intimidating than you might think
131. oller uses a pulse width Digital LED Thermometer This handy thermometer reads Celsius or S 4 modulated output to control the speed of Pi Fahrenheit on an eye catching 56 LED dis io play Based on the DS18B20 sensor and controlled by a PIC it has a range of 67 F to 257 F 55 C to 125 C with a wired remote range of 325 feet Digital LED Thermometer Kit a motor without sacrificing torque F Handles a continuous current of 5A and includes an LED to indicate speed as well as an over sized gold heatsink Also available factory assembled CK1102 5A PWM Motor Controller Kit 14 95 CK127 29 95 Laser Trip Senser Alarm True laser Doe over 500 yards At last within the reach of the hobbyist thi laser pointer i ed to provide both audible and visual ale a broken path 5A relay makes it simple to i ace Breakaway board to separate sections i Ye Electronic Watch Dog A painy dog on a PC board And you dont p have to feed it Generates 2 different selec table barking dog sounds Plus a built in mic senses noise and can be set to bark when it hears it Adjustable sensitivity Unlike the Saint eats 2 8VAC or 9 12VDC it s not fussy LTS1 Laser Trip Sensor Alarm Kit 29 95 K2655 Electronic Watch Dog Kit 39 95 l nics v Build It ere Elect nl v Learn It h s v Achieve It way is Al v Enjoy It KNS13 cE Follow Us and SAVE
132. omous quadcopter a helicopter with four motors capable of carrying a 2 Ib payload for about 1 000 The ground control software often referred to as waypoint software is linked to GoogleEarth enabling just about anyone to plan a graphical route for the UAV and have the payload delivered there autonomously That is you literally direct a drone to travel two blocks down Main Street take a left at the corner and then land at the doorstep of the fifth house on the right Some think this is a great scheme for pizza delivery Others think cruise missile Regardless of what the technology and capabilities bring to mind it all depends on reliable battery power So as part of building and testing various quadcopter systems had to identify and purchase the best batteries and charger that could find and stay within my budget 8 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Simply going for the most expensive chargers and batteries and ignoring my budget wasn t an option even if had unlimited funds because a huge high voltage high capacity lithium battery wasn t compatible with the airframes was testing No had to do my homework It turns out that lithium batteries generally offer the best energy density weight and cost combination compared with the other common battery chemistries on the market However when you get into it you ll discover that there are various formulations of lithium batteries
133. onent side and the flat edge near one of the legs The flat spot or short leg indicates the cathode leg The LED should be mounted at a height of 3 4 from the PCB This height will allow the LED to protrude through the hole in the enclosure s cover during final assembly Lastly attach two 10 wires to the PCB as shown in Figure 2 The other ends of these wires will attach to the solar cell later Now move on to the enclosure that will become the pendulum s base and will house the circuit board and coil Carefully drill the four holes in the lid at the locations shown in Figure 4 The solar cell should be mounted at the top of the threaded rods to collect as much light as possible Cut a small piece of plastic 1 x 3 to hold the solar cell and drill two holes B FIGURE 4 for the rods Then assemble the threaded rods hex nuts circuit board and solar cell holder to the enclosure s lid as shown in Figure 5 Be sure to use stainless steel rods and nuts so the metal parts will not interfere with the magnetic field Choose some thread and a small object for the pendulum Use the thread to suspend the pendulum object from the plastic piece at the top of the rods as shown in Figure 5 The solar cell for this project should output at least 4 0V 20 mA On the bottom side of the solar cell you will see two pads for soldering near the corners Be sure to note the polarity marks for and next to each pad
134. or downloading at the article link The pins of the 19 pin male header aren t visible in the layout because I couldn t find a way to get LochMaster the software use to design stripboards to let me draw anything beyond the outline of the board It s an easy board to construct so won t go into the details However will mention a couple of points First the board contains 20 August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 15 B m s a em a tub m ee Aet G E o mod mom a w Ru m wl T AU TL MEE T TM MU T T EE H i EM i ge lps a eM Pia Pas Ps Pia ia M A traces if you want to use a small stripboard as did you will need to drill two holes in the extra solid trace on the right side of the board at locations T3 and T6 Also as mentioned earlier we re not using the decimal point for LED 2 the one s digit so in order to avoid drilling a third hole at location T9 just snipped pin 9 from the display and soldered the display directly to the stripboard Of course you can also use two EH AN 16 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 ae OX BOROE ee eee ee ee fe ee A A Me UA UU ee Aa W Aa ee Aa E FIGURE 2 LED 2x7v2 stripboard layout female headers to mount the LED display If you choose that option just remove the corresponding pin from one of the header s before you solder it in place A two pin shunt can be used in conjunction with the three pin male header at location
135. or SumoBot Competition Kit 27402 239 99 Ready USB 28832 159 99 Our best selling education robot for an autonomous robot battle This kit gives you two kit can teach you programming and basic robotics robots complete programming instructions and a ring for the ensuing competition ELEV 8 Quadcopter Kit 80000 599 00 A flying robotic platform that is lifted and propelled by four fixed rotors Large enough for out door flight it has plenty of room for payload and attachments up to 2 Ibs 8 hours assembly time Not recommended for beginners Eddie Robot Platform 228992 1249 00 Connect your own laptop and Kinect not included over USB and Eddie is up roaming the house in minutes Compatible with Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio 4 RDS 4 Eddie can navigate autonomously and see in 3D using the power of the Microsoft Kinect See Parallax robots at www parallax com robots Fal Order online or call us toll free at 888 512 1024 Mon Fri 8am 5pm PDT Friendly microcontrollers legendary resources Prices are subject to change without notice BASIC Stamp Boe Bot and SumoBot are registered trademarks Da rallaxinc on Twitter Facebook and YouTube Ei Tix Tube of Parallax Inc ELEV 8 Eddie Propeller Parallax and the Parallax logo are trademarks of Parallax Inc aii Arduino is a registered trademark of Arduino LLC Kinect is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation
136. orks Custom Units amp Smart Units Industrial 3 0 KV Isolation Call the RS485 Wizards 513 874 4796 RES RE Smith Inc www rs485 com Flobby Boards Monitoring and automation for professionals and hobbyists alike Miany Uses Weather Monitoring Agriculture Home Automation Yard and Garden New Products Moisture Meters TUTTI am n E F 1 Wire Sniffer E HEE HEF PEE FEE FFE EE FEF Visit our newly re launched website www hobbyboards com for more information and a complete listing of products HOBBY BOARDS Not just for hobbyists www hobbyboards com On Electronic Gc Omp ponents Ultrasonic Range Finder Measures up to 3M Suitable for Arduino and Most No Set Up Required Sav fe Up 0602 Mini USB Board Includes FTDI FT232RL USB to UART Converter Easy USB Interfacing for Your Microcontroller System We are your one stop shop for Microcontroller Boards PCB Manufacture and Electronic Components rtuturlecccom ri d ri TAE Wis ia August 2012 NUTSiVOLTS 31 Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com BUILD THE MYSTERY SOLAR POWERED BENDUEUINI By David Williams It will have your family and friends guessing until you reveal the secrets of the electromagnetic coil and circuit hidden in the base This device is a wonderful demonstration of clean green solar power and is based on B
137. ough to build into any device no matter how E FIGURE 1 The Sierra wireless SL6087 GSM GPRS module for M2M applications The dimensions are only 25 x 30 x 2 65 mm making it easy to embed into the smallest products 60 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 OPEN COMMUNICATION E FIGURE 2 The Telit Wireless Solutions HE910 module supports the HSPA 3G wireless standard but can fall back to slower GSM GPRS EDGE if needed It covers five of the most popular cellular bands small or inexpensive it may be The computers make the M2M automatic While the pure definition of M2M is strictly machine to machine it can also be thought of as machine to human or human to machine The main common element is remote monitoring control or access One subtle example is the embedded cell phone in your Kindle or iPad e reader that can access a remote data base and download a book Or what about GM s OnStar system in Chevys Buicks and Cadillacs It has a built in cell phone that can be used to alert the system of an accident or break in Or it can open your doors remotely if you lock your keys in or lose them The remote monitoring and control of Predator drones can be considered a form of M2M M2M has many current uses and lots of potential The health care industry is beginning to adopt it for in hospital as well as remote patient monitoring Transportation applications are big now especially for vehicle tracking Each car or truck in a fleet contains a
138. our physician with your knowledge of ECG EKG systems Enjoy learning about the inner workings of the heart while at the same time covering the stage by stage electronic circuit mheon used in the kit to monitor it The three probe wire pick ups allow for easy application and experimentation without the cumbersome harness normally associated with ECG monitors The documentation with the ECG1C covers everything from the circuit description of the kit to the circuit descrip tion of the heart Multiple beat indicators include a bright front panel LED that flashes with the actions of the heart along with an adjustable level audio speaker output that supports both mono and stereo hook ups In addition a monitor output is provided to connect to any standard oscilloscope to view the traditional style ECG EKG waveforms just like you see in a real ER or on one of the medical TV shows IMME o a personal note See the display to the left That s me In between writing l LLALI TI ll this montly ad copy catalog copy and plethora of other tasks here noticed HE WI LM LI T T some skipped beats in my pulse An immediate cardiac check found had some TETA Le TT thing called Trigeminy or PVCs that occur at intervals of 2 normal beats to one IILILLTTLT PVC And saw it with our ECG kit Look what I found The fully adjustable gain control on the front panel allows the user to custom tune the dif ferentia seine picked up by the probes giving you a perf
139. owered Pendulum Amaze and mesmerize your friends and family with this fun gadget that is based on BEAM technology E By David Williams Build the Alarm Autodialer Not only will this device detect household failures related to gust 2012 Projects amp Features 28 heating cooling plumbing and electrical but it will call to let you know if anything is going on E By Dan Gravatt A Proper Ringing of the Bells See the art of engineering at work when an older system for ringing church bells needed a makeover E By Chris Watson Design a Customized Security System Using RobotBASIC Implementing a custom security system for your home can be intimidating unless you have the right software This article guides you through the basic principles so you can design exactly what will work for you E By John Blankenship and Samuel Mishal Page 10 Departments DEVELOPING 67 ELECTRO NET PERSPECTIVES 77 CLASSIFIEDS NEW PRODUCTS 78 TECH FORUM SHOWCASE 81 AD INDEX NV WEBSTORE FUNdamentals For Beginners 74 Ohm s Law 6 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Columns 10 6S Page 32 TechKnowledgey 2012 Events Advances and News Read about a new PC for bottom feeders an automotive mystery that gets solved the vacuum tube as the next high tech breakthrough plus some other interesting stuff PICAXE Primer Sharpening Your Tools of Creativity Further Explorations With PICAXE Temperature Measurem
140. protection They ll run you Mali RTOs supply is up to up to about 50 to 60 each depending on quantity A 91 efficient AUTOMOTIVE MYSTERY SOLVED ne of the ancient mysteries of the automotive world is when to change your oil Your dad probably told you to do it Os 3 000 5 000 miles Newer cars flash a message on the dash when you reach the prescribed milestone But do you truly believe that the useful life of motor oil depends entirely on how many miles you have driven Doesn t start and stop driving put more of a strain on it than highway cruising Doesn t temperature make a difference Aren t some vehicles harder on oil than others Don t some oils last longer than others Well you won t need to ponder these questions much longer because by the time you read this Lubricheck should be available All you have to do is feed four or five drops of oil from the dipstick into the credit card size device press a button and it will instantly rate your oil on a scale of 1 to 10 Anything up to 7 places it in the OK zone 8 or 9 indicates the change soon zone and 10 means change now Lubricheck uses a combination of capacitive and resistive sensing to make the test and it will even display a flashing red LED if the sample is contaminated with antifreeze water or metal This makes it useful when shopping for a used car as it might allow you to detect things like a leaky head gasket And yes there s an app for that so you can re
141. ps on the real Android device As you get more comfortable with the Android way of life you ll find yourself loading additional APIs and drivers Now that the bedrock is laid you can savor the installation of Basic4android Following the completion of the install you ll need to inform Basic4android as to the location of the Java 6 JDK and the Android API set you wish to use Screenshot 2 tells you where my Java 6 JDK resides and that l m compiling using API 8 If you are not familiar with Java and XML at this point you would be scratching your head and doing lots of reading In this case we simply start the Basic4android application To prove how easy it is to get positive results when coding with Basic4android the one line of code in Cuemvadki BH 2 eljmacosexe Erwan J ued hr found under GP rogram Fitea Jaen piki x xin C androidtandroid sdkiplatormstandroid fandeoid jar Brewsm Lisuailhy laum under GP rogram Filesiecenidaecenid sdk ndoseapiadammandraid x Browes epgbonnal 4 folder where hbranes wil bs searched for in sddidion to the iibeenal libraria Felder August 2012 NUTSsVOLTS 69 ea C CC Lcd BH SCREENSHOT 3 This little piece TEI m CT FAERIE CENE mE ee 1 ECU Bain Tue Waist Tisbalk Dem sliin cmaimblor vial br desler eee sire ibr elie ere Tinm serci chre sume det age RP ire bll ela i 47 Ema bai i bum dier Tem Bnd Tee Hial HE FETETEILZUEN ee EPS fp iB ils Ee Cum GS ee Pee EGH
142. r Kit ore y i Passive Aircraft Monitor Broadband RF Preamp See electrical magnetic and RF fields as lt J The hit of the decade Our patented receiver Need to perk up your counter or a graphical LED S on the front panel hears the entire aircraft band without any other equipment to read weak sig Use it to detect these fields in your ZW yj tuning Passive design has no LO therefore nals This preamp has low noise and house find RF sources you name it eS can be used on board aircraft Perfect for alta e yet provides 25dB gain from 1MHz to well Featured on CBS s Ghost Whisperer to D shows hears the active traffic as it happens mw over 1GHz Output can reach 100mW Runs on detect the presence of ghosts Req s 4 AAA batteries Available kit or factory assembled mS 12 volts AC or DC or the included 110VAC PS Assmb TFM3C Tri Field Meter Kit 74 95 ABMI Passive Aircraft Receiver Kit 89 95 PR2 Broadband RF Preamp 69 95 Electret Condenser Mic Sniff It RF Detector Probe 3 In 1 Multifunction Lab eee This extremely sensitive 3 8 mic TNCS Measure RF with your standard 4 NE The handiest item for your f has a built in FET preamplifier It s w DMM or VOM This extremely sensi 4 bench Includes a RoHS 2 m a great replacement mic or a perfect EE i tive RF detector probe connects to lt _ lt compliant temp controlled ee 6 answer to add a mic to your project any voltmeter and
143. r and ground wiring Note that there are two power sources according to the datasheet we want 5 volts on pin 8 and 3 volts on pin 3 for our backup supply In Figures 21 and 22 we see that we can left click the cursor on a part s connector drag the wire M Apa ug m mH oBmv RR ST NER GEOE E BOE HBOHROE NOE OE EON b m b R mod HIE aR H 7 H 3 EH 3 E HM V NH am m wu PPC EP ROROSORO BOR OB ROB FEFA ff fa ef hag Rat hh ow nara ii wd Eg ym mra Merida August 2012 NUTSsVOLITS 57 positive side Battery FIGURE 23 Start bend a 051307 Real Time Clock cr vr E P d Add bendpoint bur SS But ot A oh Et En m at oo 8 Smiley Micros p FIGURE 25 The DS1307RTC kit VCC Brea dboardl fl il FIGURE 24 End bend blue wire that wasn t very visible over the Arduino so right clicked on it and got the option to change the wire color to yellow then changed the Arduino ground wire color from blue to black suggest you change all the wire colors to match the illustration in Figure 1 just to keep things simple Right angle bends are fine but when you build this with real wires you are going to have a lot of curves Fritzing helps illustrate this by 1 49 USB LOGIC USB Logic Analyzer DSO NANO V2 Pocket Sized Digita ARDUINO STK py Arduino Uno Starter Kit FM Transm
144. r breadboard circuit observe the two discrete LEDs and have the fun of trying to figure out what s happening WHAT S GOING ON HERE In case you don t intend to build the LED 2x7v2 board I ll describe what happens when the program is run so you too can have the fun of figuring out what s going on The discrete LED on the stripboard that s connected to the Serial Out pin a k a A 0 behaves as expected it s lit during one count and then off during the next count repetitively PICAXE PRIMER B FIGURE 4 20M2 breadboard circuit However the discrete LED on the breadboard connected to pin B O blinks very briefly at the beginning of every count and then turns off throughout the remaining time of each count In order to understand why the breadboard LED is behaving unexpectedly let s examine the program more closely from the instant it starts running You may want to refer to your printout for the following discussion The very first task the program carries out is to define all the I O pins as outputs except the C 6 pin which is fixed as an input For all PICAXE processors whenever an O pin is defined as an output the pin is automatically set to a low level so that any connected mechanical devices aren t powered until we issue an instruction to do so Therefore before we enter the main do loop both discrete LEDs are turned off The first time through the do loop the number variable is set
145. ral hinged cover which stacks conveniently for storage For more information contact Global Specialties Web www globalspecialties com 26 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 ISOLATED USB TO TTL UART CONVERTER Mie electronic boards take advantage of an onboard UART for debugging testing and production purposes The new ACK6 ISO USB UART 078A from ACK6 provides a convenient and reliable method to connect any such UART to a USB host such as a PC or laptop Board dimensions are 1 5 x 0 5 38 1 mm x 12 7 mm Typical current draw from the target board is 8 mA all baud rates It works from 3V to 5V with no jumpers or solder bridges required Reverse polarity and ESD protection are built in and the board isolates the USB host from the target board for safety No special USB drivers are needed since it automatically configures as a COM port The four pin 0 1 2 54 mm connector allows flexible attachment to a target board It operates up to 230400 baud For more information contact ACK6 Web www ack6 com ULTRA HIGH PRECISION OP AMPS icrochip Technology Inc has broadened its portfolio of zero drift operational amplifiers op amps Bn c nac Bi H YIG Low Power Zero Drift Op Amps with the debut of the MCP6V11 and MCP6V31 single amplifiers Operating with a single supply voltage as low as 1 6V and a quiescent current as low as 7 5 UA these ultra high performance devices of
146. rduino that will be reading the date and time from the DS1307 and will be providing the main power We will also want to add a three volt battery for backup While we almost certainly would be using a coin cell for the backup battery in a real design for this drawing let s just use a battery box with 3 Breadbosrd RTC Fritzing Breadboard View INSPECTOR to the connector we want to attach to and then release the wire Since this forms a straight line that might get in the way of seeing all the wires on a board we add a bend as shown in Figures 23 and 24 by first right clicking on the wire to get the add bendpoint indication and then left clicking the cursor to grab the bend so that we can move it to where we want it Now that you see how to add a wire you should make all the connections shown in Figure 1 When ran the 5 volts up to the top of the breadboard was given a In two AA batteries since we have on at hand Ee E Part Widow Routing Help Okay I have one at hand NOTE DON T BE TEMPTED TO SOLDER WIRES TO A COIN CELL BATTERY TO USE WITH A BREADBOARD IT MIGHT BLOW UP Next you will want to zoom out to make room for an Arduino and a battery box that you can find among the parts Drag them and drop them into the breadboard window as shown in Figure 20 Now we have all the parts so let s wire it up You ll want to refer back to Figure 15 for this First let s do the powe
147. read information from a keypad and transfer that information to the PC using a serial connection Of course after you implement all of the necessary subroutines they must be placed in a loop that calls them properly as shown in the next example The code in the loop is simple and easy to follow because keystroke entries can be handled in the background simply change the value of variables such as AlarmOn The ResetOutputs routine in this code will automatically turn off all devices lamp radio and siren after a preset amount of time so that your neighbors will not be disturbed if you are unable to return to your home in a timely manner MainProgram SOSUL lait while True forever if AlarmOn gosub CheckDoors gosub CheckOutside gosub CheckWindows gosub ResetOutputs endif wend end These are all simplified examples but hopefully you get the idea of how easy it is to create a usable system with a relatively small program It is important to realize though that as you add features and functionality that your projects can become as complex as you desire Since RobotBASIC has commands for sending emails you can add this feature by simply inserting the appropriate email code inside the proper IF block Implementing a web cam is easy too After RobotBASIC captures two consecutive images image processing commands can be used to compare the two pictures to detect motion This makes it easy for your system to detect when an
148. red www dlpdesign com Chip Adapters 1096 Off Adapters with Coupon Code NVEZ1012 www EZPrototypes com Robotics amp Electronics IMAGES Scientific Instruments SC IENCE Microcontrollers ROBOTICS amp Servo Control amp Motors Artificial Vision Ww SMARORCO COM Speech Recognition For the ElectroNet online go to WWW nutsvolts com click Electro Net Electronic Parts amp Supplies Since 1967 August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 67 BENI Nec ry lt ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGN ENGINEERS E BY FRED EADY Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com PUTTING BASIC4ANDROID IN THE DRIVER S SEAT I ve gone Android crazy had no use for a smartphone and didn t have any notions of owning one Now I have a Droid Bionic AND a Samsung Galaxy Tab 10 1 Oh yeah and an HTC Droid Eris my wife discarded when she got her Droid RAZR Frankly use my Bionic more as a computing device than as a phone The Bionic has effectively replaced my trusty 30 year old HP programmer s calculator Datasheets are my life used to read and collect them on my laptop Not anymore My office equipped Galaxy Tab is now the primary PDF display device My wife won t let me plug into her new RAZR but you can bet your paycheck that l ve plugged into my Eris Bionic and Galaxy Tab Honestly that was my main reason behind obtaining them l m a programmer and the Android devices are programmable
149. reen shown in Figure 3 On the left you see an Arduino connected to a 2007 2012 F O Untitled Sketch fer Fritzing Breadboard View r es a ee PEAP ees a o ee ee File Edt Part View Window he top right Then pull in mere parts connecting then by dhig on the connectors and dragging wires The process is A ea cam a et te i Rl me mmm me mm am i me ee me ee m m gm wm REET E HH s bu us BM BREE REE BREE S9EHNH DNE ENNEN o m d b RB OH d RRR d bom d 4 B RB OR P bh RH d b Ro d d b RO d bo B HN d BOR 4 b OR ON x HH EHHH EEHNHISSESN SN8 E8ISESNIGM m oH b Bom a bo RH d Ro RW d Eo ON do ROB d oR OH OR Od ob RO dob OR d Ed BOO 5 HH SMILEY S WORKSHOP Open File Security Warning The publisher could not be verified Are you sure you want to run this software E Name Publisher Type Fram CFritzingWritzing 2102 04 10 pc Fritzing exe Unknown Publisher Application CFritzingMritzing 2102 04 10 pFritzing exe Bm 4 Always ask before opening this file This file does not have a valid digital signature that verfies ts publisher You should only run software from publishers you trust How can wh ware t il FIGURE 2 Security warning EM II from prototype to product X uigpewiapt Potsdam Version 0 7 4 DO 10 B FIGURE 3 Fritzing splash screen Routing Help PCE The Breadkbsarnd View i meet ha loot bee s remm hinadiboand preset pee Be
150. reenshot 1 l ve got API 8 and API 10 loaded It s also a very good idea to load the Google USB driver Installing this driver Paths Configurator javac one andrced jar ll SCREENSHOT 2 This is where you specify the Android API set you want to use in your app Additonal bbranes X Amir SDK Toots og Android SDE Platierm bzcis Dal nioi APL 15 F1 Andrei 4 APT LA JE Andree 12 APTLI i Andro hi APTLII ij Andros 10 AP 111 Py Android 2 33 APT 10 B rained ie irsin Sr eied Br rainen Sir Heated Se anile Legali eerta LIU liid S aiid 9 el Som 0865 System ge dS Den Screen AP im aD d ATRIG S Drei d Deci R d Sony Spare Extarniaom ED 23 ui Andreu 2 2 Apl D Mi Maton ba iy ia bu ba Fa bw e Fa om Ru p incited S irai Sg ri i Mot iein M tet irstetied S jrin Se EQ Nl Nu Ge o Ru H Andros Z1 API7 05 amp ndinoad 1 8 2141 D Andros 155 2P1 3 B 3 mles M Haii et ce ned Mot imita a iania 8 ot icant Bp iaid ATTE Qh iiaiai nsw eackages di Dasht dd Mab day SO Espin DA J d Geagit Fay AFE Experien Liras F B Gaai Fiar dialing Libary 2 E Gapir Ploy inm uing Libeary a E Gccgla LB Orr 4 TE Google Web Dra 1 li inte harene Accra srcuben Manasur 1 Shi S Upsabmihime lirai Shade aeri Hir oF Ups Salby AP Hapautory Ducit m i Dose loading packages will allow you to bypass the Android emulator and develop your ap
151. rgy make the pendulum swing with no visible connections on it dumps all the power stored in C1 into the coil The current flowing through the coil briefly creates a magnetic field around it as C1 quickly discharges Then with no more current flow both transistors turn off and the magnetic field collapses generating a negative voltage spike which causes the LED light emitting diode to flash The brief magnetic field created around the coil will cause the magnet attached to the pendulum to jump as it interacts with this invisible force The kick start cycle will repeat if the pendulum does not start swinging right away With a bit of luck the jump of the magnet should eventually start the pendulum swinging even if it is just a small swing at first Of course if you are impatient you can always skip the kick start by giving the pendulum your own nudge to start it swinging Once the pendulum is already swinging the circuit will act in a way to keep it swinging It should be noted that C2 does not discharge into the coil like C1 because of diode D1 As the magnet on the moving pendulum passes over the coil it induces a current in the coil which triggers Q2 to turn on via resistor R2 When Q2 turns on the same sequence of events occurs as in the kick start In this mode however the magnetic field around the coil gives the swinging pendulum a boost to increase its momentum This boost is like a parent pushing a child on a swing Wi
152. riety of lights motors and other physical outputs includes Jaycar stepper motors Arduino projects can be stand alone or they can be communicated with software running on your computer These Arduino development kits are 10096 Arduino compatible Designed in Australia and supported with tutorials guides a forum and more at www freetronics com A very active worldwide community and resources are available with USBDroid Arduino compatible with USB host support R Cat XC 4222 50 50 This special Arduino compatible board supports the Android Open Accessory Development Kit which is Google s official platform for designing Android accessories Plugs straight into your Android device and communicates with it via USB Includes a built in phone charger e USB host controller chip p e Phone charging circuit built in Ge e 8 analog inputs e MicroSD memory card slot www w Jaycar us arduing um CC _ S S _ n a LCD amp SENSE Shield a Cat XC 4218 21 i Handy 16 character by 2 line display ready to plug straight in to your Arduino with a software controllable backlight and 5 buttons for user input The display is set behind the shield for a low profile appearance and it includes panel mounting screw holes in the corners e 2 rows of 16 characters e Supported by a driver library e Software controlled backlight e Reset button Large Dot Matrix aid Pa
153. ritzing application from www fritzing org They introduce themselves as follows Fritzing is an open source initiative to support designers artists researchers and hobbyists to work creatively with interactive electronics We are creating a software and website in the spirit of processing and Arduino developing a tool that allows users to document their prototypes share them with others teach electronics in a classroom and to create a PCB layout for professional manufacturing downloaded the 0 74 b April 10 2012 version and used it in the illustrations here It is 18 6 MB which isn t terribly large nowadays but you ll probably want a broadband connection to download it Do note that Fritzing is in beta release and this isn t even version 1 0 yet since it is an open source project it might just stay in beta for a while The creators are very aware that Fritzing is a work in progress and you should expect some problems but remember the price is free If you like this tool and want to see it improved you could send them a donation at CIE se m m mm om Ra Rc Us RR nm RR sc UG Rs cas mca RR RR http fritzing org shop donations 32 25 iin When you run the program the first thing you see shown in Figure 2 as is so often the case with Microsoft is a completely useless security warning that trust me you can ignore After dismissing the stupid security warning notice the Fritzing splash sc
154. s do prototyping mold fishing lures or more Video on our webpage All skill levels Step by step manuals Details on our webpage www techkits com pim www techkits com kits Need a small and cost effective device Look no further PoScope Megal Smallest USB 2 0 portable 1M5 5s oscilloscope Data acquisition of analog and digital signals Data recording Export to CSV XLS PDF and HTML Simple usage of advanced features Examples for C VB Delphi and LabView Free software and updates Pokeys 56 Smallest USB HID or ETHERNET I O interface Keyboard and joystick simulator USB 55 digital I O configurable LCD and LED matrixes driver 6 PWM outputs 26 encoder inputs Supports up to 10 I2C 1 Wire sensors up to 7 analog sensors Expandable with PoNet Free software and web interface Ethernet Visit www poscope com August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 63 Steampunk Gear Gadgets and Gizmos by Thomas Willeford A Maker s Guide to Creating Modern Artifacts Welcome to the wondrous world of Thomas Willeford a k a Lord Archibald Feathers Featherstone in which he shares his closely guarded secrets of Steampunkery Filled with do it yourself projects Steampunk Gear Gadgets and Gizmos A Maker s Guide to Creating Modern Artifacts shows you how to build exquisite ingenious contraptions on a budget 24 95 Electronics An Introduction by Jim Stewart This book is designed
155. s E9 G9 to select whether you want the 20M2 s A O pin to be connected to the decimal point of LED 1 ten s digit or to the discrete resistorized LED on the board You can also omit the shunt entirely if you prefer to use pin A O for some purpose on your breadboard circuit Finally note that forgot to remove the holes from the bottom view of trace T just pretend they aren t there The board is easy enough to assemble without detailed instructions However if you decide to build this version of our project you may want to refer to the photo of my completed board that s shown in Figure 3 for further clarification Also as you can see in the photo l ve snipped off the three pins that we are not using Since those pins aren t connected to anything this isn t really necessary but it does make it easier to correctly align the stripboard with the pins of the 20M2 on the breadboard Figure 4 is a photo of the breadboard circuit that used to test the completed stripboard display I m including it so that you can see how connected my Prog 03 programming adapter to the 20M2 You can also see that have connected a resistorized LED to pin B O on the P E FIGURE 3 Completed LED 2x7v2 stripboard 20M2 We ll soon see why Figure 5 is a photo of the same breadboard after inserted the LED 2x7v2 board In order to test the board re wrote the LED 2x7count bas program that we used back in April The
156. s assigned to pin B O In other words the discrete LED that s attached to pin B O which we toggled to a high state a few milliseconds ago is immediately switched to a low state so it turns off very shortly after it had turned on The next time through the loop the same thing happens the toggle instruction turns the LED on again because it was off but the final statement in the displayNum subroutine almost immediately turns the LED off Therefore the LED is not lit most of the time it only blinks briefly at the beginning of each new count At this point I m sure some readers are wondering why we don t just put a 1 in the bitO position of all the data bytes To answer that question assume we did that and trace through the program from the beginning to see what happens Hint The B O LED won t misbehave the first time through the main do loop but what happens on the second iteration Before we move on to solving our little problem there are two points that need to be clarified The first is that the same problem doesn t occur with pin C 6 because it s fixed as an input pin When any data byte Is assigned to outpinsC the digit that s assigned to pin C 6 is simply ignored because this pin is an input The second point is that this problem doesn t usually exist in microprocessor based seven segment LED circuits because the eighth bit in an output port is typically assigned to the digit s decimal point Standard pra
157. s called four wave mixing and it involves sending 200 ns seed pulses of laser light into a heated cell that s filled with rubidium E Illustration of four wave mixing to generate vapor A separate pump beam at a different frequency a superluminal pulse is also injected The seed pulse is amplified by the vapor which has the effect of shifting its peak forward Thus even though the pulse itself is still subject to Einstein s law the peak arrives at its destination 50 ns sooner than it otherwise would Picture an ocean wave traveling along at 10 mph If you can figure out a way to tilt the crest forward it will crash on the beach a little sooner even though the water isn t really moving any faster Both injected beams react with the vapor to generate a second output pulse called the conjugate to indicate its mathematical relationship to the seed Depending on how the laser is tuned and other conditions this pulse can travel either faster or slower The concept is said to be potentially useful in such abstract applications as the measurement of quantum discord which isn t going to generate much excitement in the general public It also could be used to improve the timing of communication signals and that has widespread implications A NEXT HIGH TECH BREAKTHROUGH THE VACUUM TUBE acuum tubes are generally thought of as technological dinosaurs having been Nee by cheaper lighter more efficient semiconductors Tube amps however
158. s out to have been pretty accurate NV Feeling Evil PICAXE PROJECTS EVIL Available irk ws http store nutsvolts com Dual 60A Continuous Brushed Motor Controller A Specifications 60A Continuous 120A peak current 6V 33 8V input voltage range amp s lipo max Analog RC PWM and Serial Interface Overcurrent overvoltage undervoltage and overheat protection built in Fan cooling keeps the controller cool D Heavy duty terminals take up to 2 gauge wire 1 year warranty on every Sabertooth i DEScribe Software Suite Compatable ONLY Be an FCC Licensed Wireless Technician Learn Wireless Communications and get your FCC Commercial License with our proven Home Study Course e No need to quit your job or go to school e This course is easy fast and low cost e No previous experience needed e Learn at home in your spare time Move to the front of the employment line in Radio TV Communications Avionics Radar Maritime and more Warren Weagant s FCC License Training P O Box 3000 Dept 209 Sausalito CA 94966 I Please rush FREE info immediately l NAME ext 209 I ADDRESS Call now for FREE info Or email us fcc CommandProductions com CITY STATE ZIP email fcceCommandProductions com August 2012 NUTSiVOLTS 13 w PI Vu B BY RON HACKETT ss this article in the Volts forums at um nutsvolts com
159. s shown in Figure 6 but we are using the DS1307 for our RTC Do they have the same pinout did some Internet searching for the datasheets and discovered the DS1302 and DS1307 aren t the same So let s see if there is any help for this problem NOTE I found a better way to get the DS1307 9 9 amp s 6 amp 6 9 o s 5 New Ctr Alt N Import A x Edit Ctrl Return Export Flip Horizontal ete Flip Vertical Rotate Raise and Lower Lock Part j select All Locked Parts Add to bin k I Show part label Select outdated parts T Update selected parts SMILEY S WORKSHOP D Select one or more parti o impart i ETE k ewher amp Dewnloads p amp Secrch Mame aclaleuit Stenega2o3 Breakesut Beard 4384359 eclafruit RT lib Dc neotite Link IE Document jy Recently Changed cTan BE Desktop Griswold Invece Mons W Mia Example hoemla Template 2010 03 07 Folders iim iin PngOptimizer 2 5 medium Prak Dinar Vial udi 2 rt halcyen rocketlsuncher ual Studio 2010 amet iae sparidun SparkFune Eagle Liberae 553 di d E Erreta Tire I lj Links Workshop 2 Sowce Code E Music Ug y jdeMWRTCEp oO eS M A MTI Charras T Fle name id 107A TC up v Etera Pert Cima m Geen Canmi E FIGURE 9 Select the part to import and will discuss it later in the arti
160. source resistance of 35 ohms That was consistent with the TC962 datasheet value The maximum output current of a TC962 is 80 mA cc 2012 To measure ripple from the switching circuit put a 1 KQ load on the output of the TC962 With the J3 jumper installed B FIGURE 2B Solder side measured 50 mVpp at 24 kHz With the jumper removed patch of copper Make sure the solder flows evenly and measured 90 mVpp at 12 kHz Increasing the value of C4 bonds the metal edge to the copper Let it cool for a few should reduce the ripple seconds Next mount the eight pin DIP TC962 Make sure pin 1 Assembly is in the hole with the rectangular outline as shown in Figure 2A On the solder side bend the leads over to Assembly is easy Start with the LM317 refer to secure the chip in place Then solder the pins Figure 2A First apply a bit of solder to the two pin pads Next mount the diode Note that it s mounted and the copper that will be under the chip That s a bit of solder not a big glob Position the D PAK chip onto the pads and hold it in place with a finger use just enough pressure to hold it steady Then apply your soldering iron to one of the two small pins The solder you applied earlier should melt and flow over the pin Remove the iron and let the pin cool for a few seconds Now do the same to the other small pin At this point you no longer need to keep your finger on the chip Apply solder to the meta
161. t ka ep f A Nue NA AUT The controller features four onboard relay outputs with a current rating of LU i em J 10A each Also onboard is a 6 channel Input Output interface with each chan nel individually configurable as Digital Input Digital Output Analog Input 10 bit Resolution or DS18B20 series OBDII CarChip Pro Temperature Sensor The incredible OBDII plug in monitor that has everyone talking Once plugged into your vehicle it monitors up to 300 hours of trip data from speed braking acceleration RPM and a whole lot more Reads and resets your check engine light and more UK1104 4 Ch USB Relay Interface Kit 59 95 8226 CarChip Pro OBDII Monitor Asmb 79 00 M In Digital Input Output modes each channel can support a TTL compatible or ST input or a 5V output signal In Analog Input mode each channel can convert a voltage of between 0 to 5V into a 10 bit digital representation Finally in Temperature Sensor mode each channel can be connected to a DS18B20 series Digital Temp Sensor Touch Switch Touch on touch off or momenta touch hold it s your choice with this little kit Uses CMOS technology RF Preamplifier The famous RF preamp that s been written up in the radio amp electronics magazines This super broadband preamp Doppler Direction Finder T Track down jammers and hidden transmitters with ease 22 5 degree any d bearing indicator with adjustable MS ALAA
162. t would have learned that by now but hey no one s perfect If you look back at the LED2x7 FreezerAlarm bas program from last time you will see the following code snippet near the end 14 NUTSEVOLTS August 2012 of the C2F subroutine if negFlag 0 then if above freezing temp 32 temp then add temp to 32 else else below freezing temp 32 temp subtract temp from 32 endif The next to the last line temp 32 temp is the one that got me into trouble As you may remember we defined temp as a word variable because earlier in the C2F subroutine we needed to multiply it by nine as we were converting it from Celsius to Fahrenheit In order to see what went wrong suppose temp 31 and negHlag 1 i e the current temperature is below 0 C just before we execute the previous code snippet Therefore the else clause is executed and temp turns out to equal 32 31 or 1 F So far so good but what happens if the magnitude of temp is a little larger e g 33 which means the temperature is slightly more negative when negFlag 1 Well obviously temp now equals 32 33 but what is that value in PICAXE land Hint Don t forget temp is a word variable and PICAXE BASIC can t handle negative numbers If your answer is 65 535 you win the prize When 33 is subtracted from 32 a PICAXE word variable wraps around to 65 535 which is certainly greater than my alarm set point and explains why t
163. t home Not necessarily with the kids but with the house itself Even newer homes can have problems with heating cooling plumbing or electrical systems which are easier and less B FIGURE The alarm autodialer Note temperature sensor on side of case Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com By Dan Gravatt Lom un ELS Lux expensive to fix when discovered sooner rather than later This device will detect and report several common failures with household systems so you can deal with them while they are still easy to fix It s inexpensive 60 or less depending on your parts collection easy to build and doesn t require any contracts with monitoring services PROJECT GOALS Of course there are off the shelf systems and services out there for automated reporting from smoke alarms and security systems but wasn t interested in simply duplicating those capabilities though this project can be used to monitor those types of alarms wanted to monitor what think of as the Big 4 failure types 36 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 extended power failure air conditioner failure furnace failure and flooding wanted to be notified by phone of each different type of problem as it occurred Finally wanted to be notified if the problems corrected themselves electrical power being restored for example before cut my vacation short or called my neighbor to check
164. tainly have a positive impact on your life JUST WHAT IS M2M office via GPS coordinates Then there Is the air quality n sensor sending data back to a monitoring station that can give an alert The list goes on All of these operations take M2M is essentially automatic communications place without human interaction Although at some point between two things An example is a vending machine a human does benefit in some way from the sending data to a remote computer indicating that it communicated data The more recognizable name for needs refilling and the money box needs emptying Or it such communications is telemetry Telemetry is the could be a remote oil pipeline sending a temperature or science of measuring things at a distance It is generally flow rate reading back to a pumping station Another associated with measurements on a missile or satellite instance is a truck sending its location back to the home Measurements in a chemical plant are another example Again the goal is data collection from a remote location In some cases feedback control can take place automatically The whole idea of M2M is automated remote monitoring and control Wireless and wired methods of communications make that possible but that s not all Because we have computers such systems can make decisions and initiate actions without human interaction The computers may be large fast PCs but today embedded microcontrollers are small enough and cheap en
165. tents Or how about turning on your sprinkler system from anywhere or checking the presence or location of your golf cart Many applications make use of some location technology like GPS to pinpoint the position of the object being monitored or controlled Many possibilities are totally worthless and ridiculous Yet many will make sense and these will be viable because of the low cost of the hardware to do it M2M and the Internet of Things are in the early stages now but development and adoption is on going Massive growth is predicted over the years as the industry figures out the best applications With new standards in the works M2M is set to become a real influence in your life NV x EIDE amp i AMG eS KITS XE TRE ey ohttp vakits com 352 390 6195 9AM a one EST PIC Kits LED Kits Timer Kits Fd Power Supply Kits Sr Relay Kits aA Audio Kits Editor Kits Diode Kits Transistor Kits Hardware Thru Hole amp SMT INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE 595 This unique accessory turns your drill press into an injection molding machine Price includes injector heater digital temperature controller plastic pellets plus a sample mold and illustrated 24 page instruction manual AMAZING KITS BINARY CLOCK e HIGH VOLTAGE Be e JUMBO LED CLOCK e STEPPER MOTOR DRIVES DIGITAL THERMOMETER e NIXIES MOLD YOUR ION MOTOR OWN PLASTIC LEVITATOR PARTS SOLAR KITS Inventor
166. ter the home and disable the alarm In order to keep things simple we will let the user disable the alarm by pressing any mouse button for at least one second The following code shows a simple way of implementing this feature in RobotBASIC Notice that since the sensors in this zone are N O this zone provides a LOW in its bit position when it is violated CheckDoors if SensorData bAND 1 0 check Zone 1 a Eor a vow Eu weit 15 seconds or until the mouse is pressed Donee er qo aks Delay 1000 ReadMouse x y b wait one second ore old the puet on data exit the FOR LOOP early notice the use of a single line IF THEN here next 7 ee oe ie Still vero then no one pressed the mouse if O 0 then OuEPort 20015 o 0 einen Dr edk ja expe Om jy siren and dug Siete return Using the mouse to turn off the alarm could be an acceptable option but most people would probably prefer to enter a code to turn the alarm on and off as is done in commercial security systems This is actually very easy to implement using RobotBASIC s event driven capabilities which allow the creation of a subroutine that is executed whenever a keystroke or other event is detected If you would prefer to have a remote keypad like those on commercial alarm systems that too is easy since RobotBASIC supports serial ports both real and virtual Just program a small microcontroller such as a Parallax BASIC Stamp to
167. terminals on the device are C S and R C is connected to the COMMON of the compressor with S being START winding and R being RUN winding I d suggest replacing the original device and adding the proper MARS hard start device to kick the compressor You don t want to bypass the overload PERIOD MARS Motors amp Armatures Inc has hard start devices and torque multi pliers for refrigeration AC compressors I ve used a smaller MARS hard start device on several refrigerators and they work fine www marsm a com CGI BIN LANSAWEB 2WEBEVENT R0663 RED pimper wire 4provided wilh thermostat must ba conmacted between thermostat RH and AG terminals Inr proper thermostat operation with thes system Q Cooling System 0136135017015394091 ML6 ENG can t find the paperwork on the last MARS device purchased Any local HVAC distributor should be able to locate what you need depending on the compressor size It s just a two wire hookup I m including a PDF document from MARS and my refrigeration document for you to view Download them at www nutsvolts com in the Tech Forum Larry Kraemer via email 6125 June 2012 Generator Conversion I m considering converting an old car with manual steering to electric However DC motors about 10 HP or more are expensive saw that the Northern Tool catalog has a 10 kw generator head with brushless technol ogy item 165928 Is this a 13 HP brushless DC motor co
168. th their inverter outputs paralleled in diode OR fashion The telephone line interface am using Figure 5 is based on the circuit provided in the Parallax BASIC Stamp programming manual www parallaxinc com When relay RL1 is energized it takes the phone off hook so a dial tone is generated R11 R12 C3 and C4 filter the synthesized DTMF tones from the PIC so that the phone company s equipment will recognize them The MOV across T1 s primary provides some protection against high voltage spikes damaging the PIC while D6 and D7 clamp voltages on the secondary at about 4 5 volts The phone company is touchy about non certified equipment on their lines but while the relay is not energized there is absolutely nothing connected to the phone line CODING cose Ov81 LO S661 81 B FIGURE 5 Telephone interface board CODING CODING eee The code for this project is extensive but fairly straightforward see files autodialer pbp and autodialer hex at the article link have added numerous comments to explain the functions of the various sections of code so please take a look The first two subroutines allow the user to enter two phone numbers to be called to report alarms and they 38 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 B FIGURE 6 Autodialer interior layout automatically detect whether the number is local seven digit or long distance 1 area code seven digit Next two subroutines allow the user to enter th
169. thout the added pushes _www nutsvolts com index php r LU SOLAR l CELL l C1 2200 uF m GND COIL B FIGURE I the swing would eventually slow to a stop As long as the solar cell can keep recharging this project uses fairly common parts and materials but it does involve some fabrication You can view a short capacitor C1 even if it is only a partial charge the video of the finished pendulum in action at pendulum will trigger this invisible nudge on each swing www techkits com kits solpend past the coil Start construction with the printed circuit board PCB Locate the two 100K ohm resistors R1 and R2 Construction then install and solder them both in place as shown in Figure 2 Next install the 1N914 diode D1 making As you look through the Parts List you will see that sure the polarity band is oriented properly Locate the Motion From Magnets Ampere s Law tells us that when a current is passed through a wire an invisible magnetic field is produced around it When the wire is wrapped into a circular coil those lines of magnetic force work together to increase the strength of the field The strength of the field in a coil is proportional to the current flowing in the wire and the number of turns of wire An energized coil of wire behaves as a round magnet with one end being a north pole and the other end becoming a south pole When two magnetic
170. to isolator producing the trigger for the microcontroller It became apparent that since all the hour chimes are triggered by the same single sprinkler channel that the electronics have to remember how many hour chimes or dongs are played at each ringing It is possible for an incorrect number of dongs to be played at the hour but the ringing will occur on the correct hour We must be able to adjust the number of dongs if for any reason the system gets out of sync To this end a push switch an indicating LED and a RAIN switch were added with additional software to make this correction if needed The schematics show the parts that were used from PUL SOUT PORTC 2 D PAUSE S A PULSOUT PORTE gt 20000 PAUSE SS G PULSOUL PORTC OQ PAUSES f i PUL SOUL PORTC 73 200002 PAUSE Ss Be Le PORTA 3 1 THEN Idle BUCTON pressed to stop NEXT T GOTO Idle Ritime N Nes N cycles thru oO 12 3 6 IF N 15 THEN N 3 and only controls Dong number WRITE 16 N store current value of N PORTAS lt il Tr LED ON FOR M L TO 74 pause 37Sec to chime at hour TOGGLE PORTA 5 PAUSE 250 TOGGLE PORTA 5 PAUSE 250 NEXT M PORTA 5 p 1500 FOR M 0 Turn LED OFF OC Spo 15 pause 1 5 sec Tais section controls GOSUB BellOne the daytime hourly chimes READ Q Bell IF Bell I TRENI IF Bell 2 THEN GOSUB BellTwo IF Bell 3 THEN GOSUB BellThree IEP Bell 4 THEN GOSU UB Bellrour NEXT Q PAUSE 1000 FOR
171. u do each experiment you learn how basic components work in a circuit and continue to build your arsenal of knowledge with each successive experiment For more info and a promotional video please visit our webstore 66 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 GET THE iWUTS VOLTS DISCOUNT D Mention or enter coupon code NVRMZ12 au receive 10 off Ld ub order www ramseykits com CA AM FM Broadcasters HODDy Kits N l l E Sf an E pat x Learnng Kits Test Equipment AND LOTS OF NEAT STUFF i um j 1 A ae a PF HE ORIGINAL SINCE Low Cost PCB prototypes PCB PNOL AYOUT Free laser SMT stencil with all Proto orders WWW PCBE FOOL COM C Freeramming for Micrecentrallers Book C Programming for Microcentrallerg 544 58 pon Book and Kt Combo m Soler Mb e Parts Kit for Smiley s Workshop Breadboard friendly LCD and five button keypad parts kit Parts Kit for Smiley s Workshop LED Chaser Lights parts kit Call to order at 1 800 783 4624 or go to www nutsvolts com TA TERR RR FAXT DIE n www canakit co Over 200 Kits amp Modules to choose from Easy Worldwide Online Ordering Fast Delivery amp Same Day Shipping Add USB to your next project i U S 5 It s easier than you might think DL P USB FIFO e USB UART e USB Microcontroller Boards RFID Readers Design Manufacturing Services Available Absolutely NO driver software development requi
172. uit which does simulate is Figure 4 This circuit is intended to produce 100V at 1 mA output The regulation is not very good and the frequency changes with voltage but otherwise it is similar to Figure 3 MAGNETIZER SIMPLE have found an old iron magnet that originally was part of a crank telephone from the 1920s to 1950s It is a horseshoe shape each leg is 1 2 x 3 4 inches and the length is five inches It has lost almost all its magnetism and want to re magnetize it back to full strength Also am looking for three books on the subject of magnetism see Table 1 All the books were published before 1960 so may be hard to find but need them to own and study All those books are available from Amazon com Faraday s book can be purchased from the National Book Network at 800 462 6420 price is 175 for the three volume set The same book from Amazon is more but used is available for less My solution to your magnetizer problem is based on info that got from the World Wide Web that at least 20 000 ampere turns is needed to do a good job The circuit Figure 5 will do double that If you have an isolation transformer recommend you use it Otherwise direct connection to the wall socket will work Just be careful because 120 VAC can be lethal The L1 22 NUTS VOLTS August 2012 night light limits the current so that a one amp diode like the 1N4007 can be used The 10
173. uld eventually become quite complex For that 46 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 reason the language we choose for implementation should have strings floating point math arrays and a significant amount of memory which would be beyond the capabilities of most microcontrollers If we center the hardware portion of the project around a PC we can take advantage of low cost web cams and memory will certainly not be a problem With Microsoft s constant pressure to make Windows more stable though many PC languages cannot even handle basic I O operations any more let alone our more advanced needs Just capturing images from a web cam for example is difficult if not impossible to do in many languages and support for Internet communication and the sending of emails is even less common FIGURE 1 Standard magnetic window and door switches are easy to interface www nutsvolts com index php magazine article august2012 Blankenship Discuss this article in the Nuts amp Volts forums at http forum nutsvolts com Fortunately there is a language that meets all our needs RobotBASIC is very powerful with nearly 700 commands and functions It can handle all standard I O operations including serial parallel Bluetooth and many USB devices including direct support for USBmicro I O boards As an interpreter RobotBASIC simplifies program development and provides for interactive debugging yet finished programs can be compiled into stan
174. uld modify You can ask the expert at Northern Tool but am sure he will tell you that this is a single phase 220 VAC generator and cannot be used as a motor A three phase generator could possibly be used as a motor but 60 Hz machines don t like to be run at other frequencies so variable speed would be a problem You would need a clutch and transmission Russ Kincaid Milford NH Figure 2A Cooling oystem i Meutra TRANSFORMER i imi Fan Heating ME dis Relay System Ee 120 VAC 426126 June 2012 Thermostat Schematic need a simple schematic diagram which shows how the home thermostat controller is connected to the gas heater and to the air conditioning at the same time Here is documentation for a typical thermostat Make sure you know what voltage your existing sys tem uses before making a purchase think the schematic is self explanatory Figures 2A and 2B Additional documentation can be found at www nutsvolts com in the Tech Forum Larry Kraemer via email 6128 June 2012 DTMF Encoder Where can I find a schematic or kit for a 16 button keypad encoder without having to program a PIC That s a regular telephone keypad plus A Don the right side 1 The IC for DTMF encoding is a TP5089 from National or a second source is TCM5089 from Texas Instruments It is available from Jameco Jameco com as TP5089 their item 32803 It s listed as available from stock
175. umber Of DONGE M VAR BYTE Scouncer ror Donge Q VAR BYTE secoune notes in chimes Bell VAR BYTE bell number read from data IR VAR BYtE TOLL Councing variable P VAR WORD P mS interval between hourly DONGE D VAR WORD D mS interval between 44 NUTSEVOLTS August 2012 Test bed controller that simulates all system functions but lets you make changes and developments without annoying the neighbors The Westminster chime sequence is the tune played by Big Ben in London a sequence of 16 chimes followed by the tolling of the hour count It requires four bells Our requirement was that the bells play the Westminster chimes at 9 00 am noon 3 00 pm and 6 00 pm on Monday through Friday only Our bells are A4 G4 F4 and C4 or similar and the Westminster sequence is A FGGCGCGAELALGCCGA F The mechanics of the construction were to mount an extra circuit board with additional parts behind the front panel modify the wiring on the existing board to reconfigure needed components and interconnect the boards with plugs and sockets to provide added reliability The front panel folds over and mounts to the main circuit board We realized a test device would be needed to aid in developing the program for the bells so a mini test tower was built which made bursts of sound with correct tones there was no attempt to imitate the sonorous bell D MS ue Chimes S VAR WORDS 18s Period between Pests PORTC 2 0 PORTC 3 0 PORTC 4
176. using was scavenged from an old laptop where the Tout function was used to control the CPU fan have mounted it on a separate circuit board Figure 4 that protrudes from the case so it can better measure the ambient temperature have had this project in operation in my house for more than a year now and have found that the DS1621 will lock up every few weeks or so and cease to report August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 37 current temperatures to the PIC Resetting the PIC does not reset the DS1621 A search of the Internet found that this lock up is a known issue with the DS1621 but I did not find a good explanation of the cause or a fix for the problem Thus in this project the DS1621 is powered by one of the PIC s I O pins and the PIC simply power cycles the DS1621 about once an hour to reset it The DS1621 s supply current is only about one milliamp well within the limits of the PIC s I O pins The power supply is based on a very basic linear circuit fed by a wall wart with a 12 volt AC secondary Optoisolator U5 provides a power good signal by tapping into the unregulated DC input to the 7805 During a blackout the LED within the optoisolator turns off which causes the phototransistor output to stop conducting The input of inverter U4A then goes high sending an active low signal to the PIC The battery backup function to keep the autodialer working during a blackout is provided by four AA alkaline batteries and diodes D2 D3
177. vided by TE Black 80 errer for STEP 2 F m og ar ar an ad A oam dm dap Gm eee y esrwx sz sow ow ow A oam Ga am F sow ww Cerne PICTORIAL DIAGRAM TEPER REEERE 3 AN 74 NUTS2VOLTS August 2012 Put the red lead of the battery snap in hole 21a and the black lead in 22f as shown in the pictorial Connect a nine volt battery to the snap Connect a 10 000 ohm resistor from hole 21b to 11b Put a solid wire in hole 11d to 22j Set the knob on your digital multimeter to DCV 20 to measure the voltage of the battery Your meter should show about nine volts Ours measured 10 07 volts Measure the current in the circuit Refer to the schematic shown here Build the circuit as shown in the pictorial diagram for Step 2 attach a nine volt battery to the battery snap Set the meter to measure 20 mA and then connect the multimeter leads between the loose ends of W1 and W2 The meter should show about one milliampere of current flowing It should measure about 0 001 amps or 1 00 mA Ours measured 001001 mA Remove the resistor from the circuit to measure Ohms Set your meter to measure 20K ohms and touch the leads to the ends of the resistor to measure its resistance Our resistor measured about 9 940 ohms E should equal approximately the value of times R Now try doubling the value of R 5o in the circuit Measured battery voltage and do the Measured
178. vided with the FFT function The SDS9302 can automatically measure and display frequency and peak peak RMS mean values but cursors can also be moved to make individual readings A built in self calibration facility improves measurement accuracy Video monitoring is also possible since it can trigger on NTSC PAL SECAM line or field waveforms Other SDS9302 features include manual cursor measurements up to 19 automatic measurements including frequency high speed screen update storage for up to 15 waveforms and set up parameters convenient USB interface with PC software 400V DC AV peak maximum input optional rechargeable battery pack and multilanguage capabilities The lightweight SDS9302 oscilloscope is perfect for any engineer s or student s desk The USB master and slave connections make KITS PLANS High Quality Electronic Kits amp Modules Electronic Kits Fun and Educational 12 Discount White and LEDs Quantity Discounts UK1133 50 AMP DIGITAL PWM OPTIONAL DISPLAY Custom Designs www canakit com ENERGY SOLUTIONS E oe p Gin i ave Mi ney In ea Ein mdi Ram E i TOF Ele Iu ti Bill www sunim selutinms s a 600 315 0 NEX T4 HARDWARE R RATION G OF WANTED DEC EQUIPMENT WANTED Digital Equipment Corp and compatibles Buy Sell Trade CALL Keywarys 937 847 2300 or email buyer keyways com The HRLV MaxSonar Sensors Amazing One Millimeter R
179. window So rather than rewrite the whole article and since knowing how to import files is a good thing lIl just leave all this import stuff in and tell you how to do it the right way You select a DS1302 from the parts bin and drop it on the breadboard then as shown in Figure 18a you open the variant dropbox and click on DS1307 Voil You have the correct part We repeat this pattern when we add the resistors shown in Figure 18b rotated as with the crystal The default is 220 ohms but you can click on the resistance dropbox in the resistor s Inspector window and select 2 2K which changes both the value and the color bands If an exact part you want to use is not in the parts bin you may find a similar part can be modified in the Inspector window to match your needs If the exact part you need just isn t available the folks at Fritzing will create a part for you for a fee of course Back to the Breadboard We connected the resistors between pins 7 and 8 the upper breadboard row that we will need to connect to VCC but let s get all xn eevee the parts down before we flip the power switch We add a 0 1 uF bypass capacitor as shown in Figure 19 Note that chose to rotate the part by 45 so that it wouldn t block the pins that we will need to attach to VCC and GND Now that we have all the parts on the board we will want to add the wires Before we do that we will want to add an A
180. ws you how to repair and extend the life of all kinds of solid state devices from modern digital gadgetry to cherished analog products of yesteryear About the Author Michael Jay Geier began operating a neighborhood electronics repair service at age eight that was profiled in The Miami News 24 95 EVERYTHING ELECTRONIC Build Your Own Electronics Workshop by Thomas Petruzzellis BUILD YOUR OWN DREAM ELECTRONICS LAB This value packed resource provides everything needed to put together a fully functioning home electronics workshop From finding space to stocking it with components to putting the shop into action building testing and troubleshooting systems This great book has it all And the best part is it shows you how to build many pieces of equipment yourself and save money big time Reg Price 29 95 Sale Price 26 95 ane PICs in Basic y Chuck Hellebuyck If you wanted to learn how to program microcontrollers then you ve found the right book Microchip PIC microcontrollers are being designed into electronics throughout the world and none is more popular than the eight pin version Now the home hobbyist can create projects with these little microcontrollers using a low cost development tool called the CHIPAXE system and the Basic software language Chuck Hellebuyck introduces how to use this development setup to build useful projects with an eight pin PICI2F683 microcontroller 14 95 dn
181. y of batteries It also means that the best charger for me had to include the ability to charge discharge several battery packs simultaneously So was forced to consider 100 1 000W battery chargers and multiple 40 LiPo batteries Then there s the best power supply to power the charger which has to be powerful enough to meet the demands of charging a half dozen batteries simultaneously Repeat the above exercise for the R C transmitter and receiver check out the Spektrum DX7 and onboard camera system see the GoPro HD Hero2 and we re talking a lot of research and a significant investment Not the most expensive or capable components could find but expect the investment in batteries charger camera transmitter and receiver will outlive the review For example had gone with a simple upgrade charger and battery pack for the Parrot drone would have had to buy yet another charger for the higher capacity batteries on the other drones hope this helps you with your purchase planning Do your best to look ahead to your next few system upgrades whether it s test equipment or a microcontroller development kit to determine the best investment for you NV NUTS VOLTS Published Monthly By T amp L Publications Inc 430 Princeland Ct Corona CA 92879 1300 951 371 8497 FAX 951 371 3052 Webstore orders only 1 800 783 4624 www nutsvolts com Subscriptions Toll Free 1 877 525 2539
182. ypical operating circuit as shown in Figure 15 to decide what other parts are needed and how we will wire them up Let s be honest here We selected the DS1307 in the first e www place because there are a ewvvveveveves bunch of circuits on the Internet that show how other folks have done this design so we will be highly influenced by those observations One thing x i i x i i i i to note is that used a 0 1 UF 3 E z bypass capacitor that isn t MM X1 Crystal Connect shown in a typical circuit do Ex UM this pin to a 32kHz watch V this because l ve had enough AP crystal experience to know that these D51307 help prevent digital glitches PDIP 300 mils 9 see 8 a 9 Although we might get by _ without it they are cheap and FIGURE 13 Identifying pin numbers E FIGURE 14 DS1307 pins in datasheet August 2012 NUTS2VOLTS 55 CRYSTAL have proven necessary often enough in the past that just throw one in for every digital IC and sleep better So based on Figure 15 and the datasheet specifying the crystal the next thing wanted was a 32 768 kHz watch crystal to use on the breadboard So imported CRYSTAL kHz fzpz as before and it almost killed my ttt amp 5 5 B P tet se eee ee EE 99255 4 amp OR o 9 amp ee eee T Pee amp P

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