SFSU guide to Leica total station
Contents
1. Leica Builder 503 Total Station instructions Refer to either the User Manual or How To Guide for specifics The following is the most common setup Before Going in the Field Make sure the batteries are charged andbne is installed in the door on the left side The battery compartment wil hold different size batteries we have two of the smaller ones Leica tye GEB211 Li lon 7 4V 2 2 Ah Probably should make sure a flash drive ismounted in the compartment on the right side Tour of the Instrument a Compartment for USB memory stick amp USB cable ports b Bluetooth antenna c Alignment sight d Detachable carrying handle e Telescope with integrated EDM electronic distance meter f Vertical control knob g On Off key h Switch key we probably don t need to use this e Top laser pointer toggle e Bottom switch between Measure record All in 1 and Measure i Horizontal control knob j Optional second keyboard not on our unit k Telescope focusing ring Eyepiece focusing graticule m Battery holder n Serial interface o Footscrew p Display q Keyboard Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 1 Interface and Settings a b c d e f g h z f b Page key Changes tab between CONFIG TRANSIT PROG and DATA c Navigation key d e Moves focus onscreen S e Starts edit mode for fields i e Control the input bar Escape key2. For most surveys we will want to be in an absolute projected coordinate system like UTM or State Plane When you set up the instrument it does not yet have its coordinate position nor does it know its orientation There are a few ways to establish this using either permanent or temporary control points You will need at least two unless you also have a distant feature for which you know direction accurately Permanent and monumented control points are called benchmarks and may have been placed by geodesists as a brass plate or as a surveying benchmark nail with an aluminum tag or a rebar established by GPS or previous survey hammered into the ground or maybe are a part of a concrete structure like a bridge or building in any event you need to know their position in the given coordinate system Option 1 Setting up over a Control Point and Sighting to One Point This is the most accurate method but is a bit tricky to set up mainly in that it requires that you be able to set up directly over a benchmark See User Manual 9 3 2 Establish Coordinates Over Known Point or How to Guide 1 4 Set Up over One Known Point with Second Known Point 1 Make sure you are directly over the benchmark using the laser plummet when the instrument is first on until it s fully leveled a red laser dot will be visible on the ground directly below the instrument If it s not you ll need to reposition the tripod roughly level and check aga
3. e Leaves the current menu Light Function keys work with choices shown onscreen Keypad EDM key e short access EDM settings e long toggle between red dot reflectorless shooting and prism LED flashes once if EDM setting is changed or when measurementis taken e White EDM prism mode e Red EDM red dot mode reflectorless Prism Settings Press the EDM key cS short to access this not in TRANSIT PROG or DATA mode Using the Seco Prism with a 30 mm offset For an offset off 30 mm what we need to do is to set the prism constant to 30 mm by using the EDM button to go to EDM Settings to get to the Prism Constant setting and change that There s another setting for Prism Type but we set that to User since non Leica prisms are not shown on the list Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 2 Initial Setup Leveling 1 Set up the tripod either over a known point or anywhere a If you are starting from scratch and don t care about getting things into standard coordinates it doesn t matter b If you want to tie to benchmarks they will need to be visible if you can set up on one not easy this is the most accurate method c Get it somewhat close to level 2 Carefully attach the total station on the 5 8 screw mount 3 Close the case to keep out moisture and stuff 4 Rotate the instrument parallel to two of the leveling screws with the control panel thus parallel an
4. for the project and let it increment a number It s not very easy to change this for different feature types o Inyour notebook Carefully record info you ll need for each point probably the type of point thalweg terrace left bankfull etc and include the point in your sketch e EDM key E2 long to toggle between prism for control points and streambed e g thalweg points and red dot for reflectorless points Go to SETTINGS Height to change the rod height e Measure and Record Mode Might initially set to Measure Record to make sure you have the id numbering system down Then after you re comfortable with it change to All in 1 o To measure a tree and get the center point use a prism with this set to Measure Record The distance is measured first at the right distance on the side of the tree then move to the middle of the trunk facing you to click Record only then is the angle recorded o Might also be used to measure the corner of a building Moving the instrument e First set up at least two control points to backsight to from the next instrument position The most accurate method would establish one as the new instrument position but it s a hassle to set up the tripod over it So maybe setting up three points to sight to to get an error check is more efficient Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 7 Saving your data The instrument can save both its data in variou
5. program to measure XYZ points is As Built In contrast Layout would be for placing points at known locations like you might do if you were building something from a plan Angle amp Distance would be used if you want to just use the readings of horizontal amp vertical angles and distance Prism vs other points like ground points EDM Type prism or red dot I m assuming that red dot refers to any non prism points Press the EDM key E3 long to toggle between red dot and prism Remember to also change the rod height see below to zero for red dot points Setting the prism rod height during a survey You may need to do this during any survey such as when you need to extend the rod for visibility You ll also want to use this if you go to red dot While surveying go to SETUP then Height to change any setting including hr height of the rod Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 6 Stream Survey A total station is an excellent instrument for a survey under riparian cover where GPS is ineffective We just need to get it oriented and into a coordinate system which may be a challenge due to GPS benchmarking limitations We can use a prism amp pole to survey streambed points and control points and then the reflectorless mode for many details The modes to know about e User Manual 10 3 As Built PROG APPL As Built o Use Pt for point id Probably easiest to use just one prefix
6. re ready to survey points Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 4 Option 2 Setting up Anywhere by Sighting to Two or More Points This is the easiest method and lets you put the instrument where you want it as long as you can sight to two or more control points See User Manual 9 3 3 Establish Coordinates Anywhere How to Guide 1 3 Set Up Anywhere with Given Coordinates 1 Set up within sight of benchmarks PROG SETUP Coordinates Anywhere Enter hi amp hr OK Select First Point Either enter data or select from saved points OK Measure and Record First Point do we really need to record Select Second Point Measure amp Record With 2 points a plausibility check will be displayed based on the distance At this point you can say Yes to be done with the setup No to measure the point again or NEXT PT to use another point to improve the accuracy If you three or more points you ll get an assessment of accuracy of each of the points Once you OK you ll again have the option of OK to accept or REDO A message will be displayed that says Station and Orientation STANYANOOS or some name will be changed and set NO NEXT PT YES 10 Once you re done you re ready to start recording points Use APPL to select As Built Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 5 Surveying Points The best
7. right conditions needed e Not too sunny conditions with stable temperature If it s sunny use an umbrella to shade the instrument e Two points 100 m apart not more than 5 vertical angle apart You might be able to measure this with the total station of course or use a survey tape The process 1 Set up the instrument and carefully level it this will require turning it on for internal leveling as usual Before starting to work acclimate the instrument to the ambient temperature at least 15 minutes from storage temperature Set the mode to TRANSIT Press ESC for about 5 seconds until SYSTEM INFO is active Press CALIBR Press NEW Press MEASURE to measure to the target Rotate the target 180 vertically and horizontally to take a reverse reading It Il be a bit awkward because the display is on the wrong side but Press MEASURE to CO ee oN measure the same target again and calculate the instrument errors The old and new adjustment results are shown 9 Press SET to set new adjustment data or ESC to quit without setting the adjustment data if you re not happy with it Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 9
8. ably be PointNo PointID East North Elevation Code Date CLASS Delete all the stuff at the end of the file after your list of points This might start with THEMINFO and include the sections METEO and THEODOLITE You basically want to end up with a single line of fields and x lines of coordinate data Save the file as ending with csv Open the file in Excel The E N and Z values won t work directly as numbers until you convert them from text They will also have spaces and maybe hidden characters that prevent them being used so the best solution is to create a new column of E N and Z values using the function VALUE CLEAN C2 for E VALUE CLEAN D2 for N and VALUE CLEAN E2 for Z The CLEAN function removes superfluous characters and VALUE converts text to numbers Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 8 Adjusting calibrating the instrument Any instrument needs calibrating and there is a way to calibrate the total station using a forward amp reverse reading process This is very easy to do taking about 10 or 15 minutes if you have the right conditions and should be done e Before the first use e Before every high precision survey e After rough or long transportations e After long working periods e After long storage periods e If the temperature difference between current environment and the temperature at the last calibration is more than 20 C The
9. d facing you as shown in the picture 5 Roughly level the instrument using the circular level a For side to side leveling turn both leveling screws on the parallel in opposite directions by turning them both in or both out b For front to back leveling turn the single screw at the back 6 Turn on the instrument with the red button on the right 7 If you are mounting over a benchmark you will need to make sure you in the right place by checking the red laser pointer You may be able to move the instrument around on the tripod surface by loosening the screw a bit and repositioning it over the benchmark You may also have to move the tripod and redo the rough leveling 8 You ll get to a leveling window and you can follow its directions with the leveling screws When all three points are checked it s leveled Import Previous Data like control points Use the DATA area to import previous jobs in GSI format which might include coordinates for control points benchmarks you ve established before You will probably want both e Fixpoints Data points entered in as coordinates thus do not include measurements used to derive them e Measurements Like fixpoints these will have coordinates so can be used for new benchmarks but the slope measurements angles and distance are included as well Compiled by Jerry Davis SFSU Institute for GIScience Version 13 Oct 14 Page 3 Establishing Coordinates and Orientation
10. in The laser plummet will turn off after you ve ok d the accurate on screen leveling The hard part is repositioning the tripod once you re close you can loosen the screw mount and move the instrument a bit over the flat tripod head then tighten once you re directly over the point 2 Use the menu button to go to PROG press SETUP select Coordinates and Over Known Station 3 Enter Height of the Instrument hi after measuring this with a tape there s a mark on each side on the door of each compartment and the Height of the Rod hr which for the little rod in the case is 1 3 m then press OK 4 Either select a station if you have one stored or use NEW PT to enter its id and coordinates 5 Select Orientation Method either as a Manual Angle Setting maybe from a compass though this is not very accurate or a Known Backsight Point We ll assume we have the latter 6 Select Backsight Point OK Measure Message Station and Orientation will be changed and set NO NEXT PT YES 8 Alternatively if you know an accurate azimuth to a distance point use Manual Angle Setting for a backsight 7 If you do another point and measure it again only the angle will be measured and an angular error will be displayed If you re not ok with it you can REDO Note that you can toggle between ANG and DIST errors Once you OK this you ll again have the choice to add NEXT PT or YES to accept the setup Then you
11. s formats to a USB flash drive you can use to transfer the data to your computer 1 From the total station export the data to the flash drive using DATA IMP EXP o Exchange Mode Export o DataType Meas amp Fixpoints o Job Select the job you want to export it won t necessarily be the recent one o Format IDEX to import later you ll also want to save a GSI file Shut the total station down and remove the flash drive Copy the idx files from the flash drive to your computer Two comma delimited files will be saved in the Data folder F_name IDX and M_name IDX where name is the job name and they can be read into Excel as comma delimited Note that the file will include not only the xyz points in the DATABASE section but also the raw angle Hz amp Vz and slope distance SDist readings in the THEODOLITE section Reading data into Excel The IDEX format data is in text format so can be edited with a text editor However it s going to be most useful after bringing it into Excel and that s going to require a bit of text editing or programming a script but it s pretty easy to do the text editing then there s some work in Excel to make it work 1 ur like Notepad Notepad TextPad Not Word Delete the section called HEADER and all the way up to the first field name probably called PointNo Then delete the closing parenthesis at the end of the first field name Thus your first line should prob
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