MODEL PCI-ICM-1S USER MANUAL
Contents
1. 5 17 Table 1 Connections Between Two RS422 Devices 17 Table 2 5422 Specification 5 18 Figure 1 Typical RS485 Two Wire Multidrop 19 4 Manual PCI ICM 1S Chapter 1 Introduction This Serial Communications Card was designed for effective asynchronous transmission in either 5422 EIA422 or RS485 protocols over long communications lines The data lines are opto isolated from the computer and from each other to assure communication when large common mode noise is superimposed The card is 4 80 inches long 122 mm and may be installed in 5 volt PCl bus slots of IBM PC or compatible computers A type 16550 buffered UART is used and for Windows compatibility automatic control is included to transparently enable disable the transmission drivers Balanced Mode Operation and Load Termination The card uses differential balanced drivers for long range and noise immunity RS422 operation permits multiple receivers on the communications lines and RS485 operation permits up to 32 transmitters and receivers on the same set of data lines Devices at the ends of these networks should be terminated to avoid ringing The card gives you jumper positions to add load resistors to terminate the communications lines Also 5485 communications requires that a transmitter supply a bias voltage to ensure a known2. Receiver Input Sensitivity 200 mV differential input Common Mode Rejection 12V to 7V Transmitter Output Drive Capability 60 mA with thermal shutdown Environmental Operating Temperature Range 0 C to 60 C Storage temperature Range 50 to 120 C Humidity 596 to 9596 non condensing Power Required 5VDC at 50 mA typical 12VDC at 5 mA Quiescent 15 mA Maximum Size 4 80 inches long 122 mm 6 Manual PCI ICM 1S COMPUTER PCI BUS OSCILLATOR TX Tx PCI UART INTERFACE 4 bu TRANSCEIVER DB9M i OPTO CHIP SIMILAR XRX Rx sOLATOR Rx T DEVICES AUTO RTS CIRCUITRY RS485 MODE ONLY Figure 1 1 Block Diagram 7 Manual PCI ICM 1S Chapter 2 Installation A printed Quick Start Guide QSG is packed with the card for your convenience If you ve already performed the steps from the QSG you may find this chapter to be redundant and may skip forward to begin developing your application The software provided with this card is on CD and must be installed onto your hard disk prior to use To do this perform the following steps as appropriate for your operating system Configure Card Options via Jumper Selection Before installing the card into your computer carefully read Chapter 3 Option Selection of this manual then configure the card according to your requirements and protocol RS 232 RS 422 RS 485
3. 4 wire 485 etc Our Windows based setup program can be used in conjunction with Chapter 3 to assist in configuring jumpers on the card as well as provide additional descriptions for usage of the various card options such as termination bias baud rate range RS 232 RS 422 RS 485 etc CD Software Installation The following instructions assume the CD ROM drive is drive D Please substitute the appropriate drive letter for your system as necessary DOS 1 Place the CD into your CD ROM drive 2 to change the active drive to the CD ROM drive 3 Type to run the install program 4 Follow the on screen prompts to install the software for this board WINDOWS 1 Place the CD into your CD ROM drive 2 The system should automatically run the install program If the install program does not run promptly click START RUN and type 11 15 click OK or press 3 Follow the on screen prompts to install the software for this board LINUX 1 Please refer to linux htm on the CD ROM for information on installing under linux Note COM boards can be installed in virtually any operating system We do support installation in earlier versions of Windows and are very likely to support future versions as well Caution ESDA single static discharge can damage your card and cause premature failure Please follow all reasonable precautions to prevent a static discharge such as grounding yourself b
4. Customer Service department Be prepared to give the unit model number serial number and a description of the failure symptom s We may suggest some simple tests to confirm the failure We will assign a Return Material Authorization RMA number which must appear on the outer label of the return package All units components should be properly packed for handling and returned with freight prepaid to the Portwell designated Service Center and will be returned to the customer s user s site freight prepaid and invoiced Coverage First Three Years Returned unit part will be repaired and or replaced at Portwell option with no charge for labor or parts not excluded by warranty Warranty commences with equipment shipment Following Years Throughout your equipment s lifetime Portwell stands ready to provide on site or in plant service at reasonable rates similar to those of other manufacturers in the industry Equipment Not Manufactured by Portwell Equipment provided but not manufactured by Portwell is warranted and will be repaired according to the terms and conditions of the respective equipment manufacturer s warranty General Under this Warranty liability of Portwell is limited to replacing repairing or issuing credit at Portwell discretion for any products which are proved to be defective during the warranty period In no case is Portwell liable for consequential or special damage arriving from use or misuse of our product The customer is re
5. its output terminals If the enable signal is OFF the driver is disconnected from the transmission line This disconnected or disabled condition is usually referred to as the tristate condition and represents high impedance RS485 drivers must have this control capability 65422 drivers may have this control but it is not always required A balanced differential line receiver senses the voltage state of the transmission line across the two signal input lines If the differential input voltage is greater than 200 mV the receiver will provide a specific logic state on its output If the differential voltage input is less than 200 mV the receiver will provide the opposite logic state on its output A maximum operating voltage range is from 6V to 6V allows for voltage attenuation that can occur on long transmission cables A maximum common mode voltage rating of 7V provides good noise immunity from voltages induced on the twisted pair lines The signal ground line connection is necessary in order to keep the common mode voltage within that range The circuit may operate without the ground connection but may not be reliable 17 Manual PCI ICM 1S Parameter Conditions Min Max Driver Output Voltage unloaded _____ ev Driver Output Voltage loaded TERMIN 2V amp TERMOUT jumpers in 2V Driver Output Resistance IEEE 500 Driver Output Short Circuit Current 150 mA Driver Output Rise Time 10 unit
6. labeled 422 Baud Rate Range Jumpers The jumpers labeled Baud provide means to select baud rates in either of two ranges When in the 1x position the baud rate range is up to 115 200 baud When in the Ax position the baud rate range is up to 460 800 baud Note Refer to Table 5 1 Baud Rate Divisor Values Termination Jumpers A transmission line should be terminated at the receiving end in its characteristic impedance Installing jumpers at the locations labeled TERMOUT for two wire 5485 mode or TERMIN for RS422 or four wire RS485 mode applies 1200 load across the receive input Tx Rx JUMPER 1200 0 1uF Tx Rx Figure 3 1 Simplified Termination Schematic Where there are multiple terminals only the ports at each end of the network should have terminating impedance as described above If this card is not to be at one end of the network do not install the jumpers as described above Also there must be a bias on the TX and TX lines If the card is not to provide that bias or if bias on the RX and RX lines is required contact the factory for technical support 10 Manual PCI ICM 1S DB9M TRM OUT 1422 TRM IN Figure 3 2 Option Selection Map 4 80 11 x4 mum BAUD 485 3 30 Manual PCI ICM 1S Chapter 4 Address Selection The card uses one address space PCI architecture is inherently plug and play in natur
7. 00 ft 1200 96 384 4000 ft Recommended maximum distances for differentially driven data cables RS422 or RS485 are for typical conditions Table 5 1 Baud Rate Divisor Values In C the code to set the chip to 9600 baud is outportb BASEADDR 0x0C outportb BASEADDR 1 0 The second initializing step is to set the Line Control Register at Base Address 3 This register defines word length stop bits parity and the DLAB 13 Manual PCI ICM 1S Bits O and 1 control word length and allow word lengths from 5 to 8 bits Bit settings are extracted by subtracting 5 from the desired word length Bit 2 determines the number of stop bits There can be either one or two stop bits If Bit 2 is set to O there will be one stop bit If Bit 2 is set to 1 there will be two Bits 3 through 6 control parity and break enable They are not commonly used for communications and should be set to zeroes Bit 7 is the DLAB discussed earlier It must be set to zero after the divisor is loaded or else there will be no communications The C command to set the UART for an 8 bit word no parity and one stop bit is outportb BASEADDR 3 0x03 The final initialization step is to flush the receiver buffers You do this with two reads from the receiver buffer at base address 0 When done the UART is ready to use Reception Reception can be handled in two ways polling or interrupt driven When polling reception is accomplished by con
8. 1148h 12 Manual PCI ICM 1S Chapter 5 Programming Sample Programs There are sample programs provided with the card in C Pascal QuickBASIC and several Windows languages DOS samples are located in the DOS directory and Windows samples are located in the WIN32 directory Initialization Initializing the chip requires knowledge of the UART s register set The first step is to set the baud rate divisor You do this by first setting the DLAB Divisor Latch Access Bit high This bit is Bit 7 at Base Address 3 In C code the call would be outportb BASEADDR 3 0 80 You then load the divisor into Base Address 0 low byte and Base Address 1 high byte The following equation defines the relationship between baud rate and divisor desired baud rate UART clock frequency 32 divisor When the BAUD jumper is in the X1 position the UART clock frequency is 1 8432 Mhz When the jumper is in the X4 position the clock frequency is 7 3728 MHz The following table lists popular divisor frequencies Note that there are two columns to consider depending on the position of the BAUD jumper Baud Rate Divisor x1 Divisor x4 Max Diff Cable Length 460800 1 550 ft 230400 2 1400 ft 153600 3 2500 ft 115200 1 4 3000 ft 57600 2 8 4000 ft 38400 3 12 4000 ft 28800 4 16 4000 ft 19200 6 24 4000 ft 14400 8 32 4000 ft 9600 12 48 Most Common 4000 ft 4800 24 96 4000 ft 2400 48 192 40
9. MODEL PCI ICM 1S USER MANUAL FILE MPCI ICM 1S C1c Notice The information in this document is provided for reference only Portwell does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of the information or products described herein This document may contain or reference information and products protected by copyrights or patents and does not convey any license under the patent rights of Portwell nor the rights of others IBM PC PC XT and PC AT are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation Printed in USA Copyright 2000 2005 by Portwell Products Inc All rights reserved WARNING ALWAYS CONNECT AND DISCONNECT YOUR FIELD CABLING WITH THE COMPUTER POWER OFF ALWAYS TURN COMPUTER POWER OFF BEFORE INSTALLING A CARD CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING CABLES OR INSTALLING CARDS INTO A SYSTEM WITH THE COMPUTER OR FIELD POWER ON MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE CARD AND WILL VOID ALL WARRANTIES IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED Manual PCI ICM 1S Warranty Prior to shipment Portwell equipment is thoroughly inspected and tested to applicable specifications However should equipment failure occur Portwell assures its customers that prompt service and support will be available equipment originally manufactured by Portwell which is found to be defective will be repaired or replaced subject to the following considerations Terms and Conditions If a unit is suspected of failure contact Portwell
10. e This means that the BIOS or Operating System determines the resources assigned to PCl bus cards rather than you selecting those resources with switches or jumpers As a result you cannot set or change the card s base address You can only determine what the system has assigned To determine the base address that has been assigned run the PCIFind EXE utility program provided This utility will display a list of all of the cards detected on the PCI bus the addresses assigned to each function on each of the cards and the respective if any allotted Alternatively some operating systems Windows95 98 2000 can be queried to determine which resources were assigned In these operating systems you can use either PClFind DOS or PCINT Windows95 98 NT or the Device Manager utility from the System Properties Applet of the control panel The card is installed in the Data Acquisition class of the Device Manager list Selecting the card clicking Properties and then selecting the Resources Tab will display a list of the resources allocated to the card The PCI bus supports 64K of I O space so your card s address may be located anywhere in the 0000 to FFFF hex range PCIFind uses the Vendor ID and Device ID to search for your card then reads the base address and IRQ If you want to determine the base address and IRQ yourself use the following information The Vendor ID for this card is 494F ASCII for IO The Device ID for the card is
11. es is not much different from working with standard RS232 serial devices and these two standards overcome deficiencies in the RS232 standard First the cable length between two RS232 devices must be short less than 50 feet at 9600 baud Second many RS232 errors are the result of noise induced on the cables The RS422 standard permits cable lengths up to 5000 feet and because it operates in the differential mode it is more immune to induced noise Connections between two RS422 devices with CTS ignored should be as follows Device 1 Device 2 Table A 1 Connections Between Two RS422 Devices A third deficiency of RS232 is that more than two devices cannot share the same cable This is also true for RS422 but RS485 offers all the benefits of RS422 plus allows up to 32 devices to share the same twisted pairs An exception to the foregoing is that multiple RS422 devices can share a single cable if only one will talk and the others will all receive Balanced Differential Signals The reason that 5422 and RS485 devices can drive longer lines with more noise immunity than RS232 devices is that a balanced differential drive method is used In a balanced differential system the voltage produced by the driver appears across a pair of wires A balanced line driver will produce a differential voltage from 2 to 6 volts across its output terminals A balanced line driver can also have an input enable signal that connects the driver to
12. ete installing the card into the registry for Windows only and to determine the assigned resources Run one of the provided sample programs that was copied to the newly created card directory from the CD to test and validate your installation The base address assigned by BIOS or the operating system can change each time new hardware is installed into or removed from the computer Please recheck PCIFind or Device Manager if the hardware configuration is changed Software you write can automatically determine the base address of the card using a variety of methods depending on the operating system In DOS the PCNSOURCE directory shows the BIOS calls used to determine the address and IRQ assigned to installed PCI devices In Windows the Windows sample programs demonstrate querying the registry entries created by PCIFind and NTIOPCI SYS during boot up to determine this same information 9 Manual PCI ICM 1S Chapter 3 Option Selection To help you locate the jumpers described in this section refer to the Figure 3 1 Option Selection Map on the next page Operation is determined by jumper installation as described in the following paragraphs 485 and 422 Mode Jumpers If you are going to operate in two wire RS485 mode install a jumper at the location labeled 485 If you are going to operate four wire RS485 mode install jumpers at the locations labeled 485 and 422 If you are going to operate in RS422 mode install a jumper at the location
13. interval Receiver Sensitivity EE 200 mV Receiver Common Mode Voltage Range 1000 7V Receiver Input Resistance Table 2 5422 Specification Summary To prevent signal reflections in the cable and to improve noise rejection in both the 5422 and RS485 mode the receiver end of the cable should be terminated with a resistance equal to the characteristic impedance of the cable An exception to this is the case where the line is driven by RS422 driver that is never tristated or disconnected from the line In this case the driver provides a low internal impedance that terminates the line at that end Note You do not have to add a terminator resistor to your cables when you use the PCI ICM 1S card Termination resistors for the RX and RX lines are provided the card and are placed in the circuit when you install the TERMIN and TERMOUT jumpers See Chapter 3 Option Selection of this manual RS485 Data Transmission The 5485 Standard allows a balanced transmission line to be shared in a party line mode As many as 32 driver receiver pairs can share a two wire party line network Many characteristics of the drivers and receivers are the same as in the RS422 Standard One difference is that the common mode voltage limit is extended and is 12 to 7V Since any driver can be disconnected or tristated from the line it must withstand this common mode voltage range while in the tristate condition The follo
14. nsmission is simple to implement The AUTO feature of the PCI ICM 1S card automatically enables the transmitter when data are ready to send No software enabling is required The following C code fragment demonstrates this process while data i While there is data to send while inportb BASEADDR 5 amp 0 20 Wait until transmitter is empty outportb BASEADDR datea i itt 15 Manual PCI ICM 1S Chapter 6 Connector Pin Assignments The popular 9 pin D sub miniature connector is used for interfacing to communication lines The connector is equipped with 4 40 threaded standoffs female screw lock to provide strain relief Connector pin assignments are as follows DB 9 Male Pin Signal Ground Rx Rx Table 6 1 Connector Pin Assignments The following table shows pin connections between two devices for Simplex Half Duplex and Full Duplex operations Mode Simplex 2 wire receive only RS422 Simplex 2 wire transmit only RS422 Half Duplex 2 wire RS485 Full Duplex 4 wire RS485 Card 1 Card 2 Txt pin 2 pin 9 Tx pin 3 Rx pin 1 Rx pin 2 Rx pin Rx pin 3 Tx pin 2 Rx pin 9 Rx pin 1 Tx pin 3 Table 6 2 Data Cable Wiring 16 Manual PCI ICM 1S Appendix A Application Considerations Introduction Working with RS422 and RS485 devic
15. sponsible for all charges caused by modifications or additions to Portwell equipment not approved in writing by Portwell or if in Portwell opinion the equipment has been subjected to abnormal use Abnormal use for purposes of this warranty is defined as any use to which the equipment is exposed other than that use specified or intended as evidenced by purchase or sales representation Other than the above no other warranty expressed or implied shall apply to any and all such equipment furnished or sold by Portwell 3 Manual PCI ICM 1S Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 5 Specification TE MALE EE 6 Fig re 1 1 Block Diagram e reti EDI beide imei 7 Chapter 2 Installation deer t RD Det m REP DR 8 Chapter 3 Option Selection 10 Figure 3 1 Simplified Termination 10 Figure 3 2 Option Selection 11 Chapter 4 Address Selection 12 Chapter 5 Programming 13 Table 5 1 Baud Rate Divisor 13 Chapter 6 Connector Pin Assignments 16 Table 6 1 Connector Pin nennen 16 Table 6 2 Data Cable Wiring 4 ai b audi 16 Appendix A Application
16. stantly reading the Line Status Register at Base Address 5 Bit 0 of this register is set high whenever data are ready to be read from the chip A simple polling loop must continuously check this bit and read in data as it becomes available The following code fragment implements a polling loop and uses a value of 13 ASCII Carriage Return as an end of transmission marker do while inporto BASEADDR 5 amp 1 Wait until data ready data i inportb BASEADDR while data i 213 Reads the line until null character rec d Interrupt driven communications should be used whenever possible and is required for high data rates Writing an interrupt driven receiver is not much more complex than writing a polled receiver but care should be taken when installing or removing your interrupt handler to avoid writing the wrong interrupt disabling the wrong interrupt or turning interrupts off for too long a period The handler would first read the Interrupt Identification Register at Base Address 2 If the interrupt is for Received Data Available the handler then reads the data If no interrupt is pending control exits the routine A sample handler written in C is as follows readback inportb BASEADDR 2 if readback 4 4 Readback will be set to 4 if data are available data i inportb BASEADDR outportb 0x20 0x20 Write EOI to 8259 Interrupt Controller return 14 Manual PCI ICM 1S Transmission RS485 tra
17. to use by a jumper placement One range is for up to 115 200 baud applications and the other is up to 460 800 baud applications Baud rate is program selected and rates available are listed in a table in the Programming section of this manual 5 Manual PCI ICM 1S Auto RTS Transceiver Control In Windows applications the driver must be enabled and disabled as needed allowing all cards to share a two wire cable This card controls the driver automatically With automatic control the driver is enabled when data are ready to be transmitted The driver remains enabled for one additional character s transmission time after data transfer is complete and then is disabled The receiver is usually enabled but is disabled during transmissions and then re enabled after transmission is completed plus one character transmission time The card automatically adjusts it s timing to the baud rate of the data Note Thanks to the automatic control feature the card is ideal for use in Windows applications Specification Communications Interface Connection 9 Pin DBM Connector Character length 5 6 7 or 8 bits Parity Even odd or none Stop Interval 1 1 5 or 2 bits Serial Data Rates Up to 115 200 baud asynchronous A faster range of rates up to 460 800 is achieved by jumper selection on the card Type 16550 buffered UART Address Continuously mappable within 0000 to FFFF hex range of PCl bus addresses
18. wing illustration shows a typical multidrop or party line network Note that the transmission line is terminated on both ends of the line but not at drop points in the middle of the line 18 Manual PCI ICM 1S TERMINATION RESISTORS AT BOTH ENDS ONLY IX ENA3L D NAHI RX F NAI RX ENA3LE Figure A 1 Typical RS485 Two Wire Multidrop Network RS485 Four Wire Multidrop Network An RS485 network can also be connected in a four wire mode In a four wire network it s necessary that one node be a master node and all others be slaves The network is connected so that the master communicates to all slaves and all slaves communicate only with the master This has advantages in equipment that uses mixed protocol communications Since the slave nodes never listen to another slave s response to the master a slave node cannot reply incorrectly 19 Manual PCI ICM 1S Customer Comments If you experience any problems with this manual or just want to give us some feedback please email us tech portwell com Please detail any errors you find and include your mailing address so that we can send you any manual updates 20 Manual PCI ICM 1S
19. y touching any grounded surface prior to touching the card 8 Manual PCI ICM 1S Hardware Installation D Co cx 9 10 11 Make sure to set switches and jumpers from either the Option Selection section of this manual or from the suggestions of SETUP EXE Do not install card into the computer until the software has been fully installed Turn OFF computer power AND unplug AC power from the system Remove the computer cover Carefully install the card in an available 5V or 3 3V PCI expansion slot you may need to remove a backplate first Inspect for proper fit of the card and tighten screws Make sure that the card mounting bracket is properly screwed into place and that there is a positive chassis ground Install an I O cable onto the card s bracket mounted connector Replace the computer cover and turn ON the computer Enter the CMOS setup program of your system and verify that the PCI plug and play option is set appropriately for your system Systems running Windows 95 98 2000 XP 2003 or any other PNP compliant operating system should set the CMOS option to OS Systems running under DOS Windows NT Windows 3 1 or any other non PNP compliant operating system should set the PNP CMOS option to BIOS or Motherboard Save the option and continue booting the system Most computers should auto detect the card depending on the operating system and automatically finish installing the drivers Run PClfind exe to compl
20. zero state when none of the devices is transmitting This card supports biasing by default If your application requires the transmitter to be un biased please contact the factory COM Port Compatibility A type 16550 UART is used as the Asynchronous Communication Element ACE It includes a 16 byte FIFO transmit receive buffer to protect against lost data in multitasking operating systems while maintaining 100 compatibility with the original serial port The system assigns the address A crystal controlled oscillator is located on the card This oscillator permits precise selection of baud rates up to 115 200 or by changing a jumper up to 460 800 with the standard crystal oscillator The driver receiver used the SN75176B is capable of driving extremely long communication lines at high baud rates It can drive up to 60 mA on balanced lines and receive inputs as low as 200 mV differential signal superimposed on common mode noise of 12 V or 7 In case of communication conflict the driver receivers feature thermal shutdown Communication Mode This card supports Full Duplex and Half Duplex communications with four wire cable connection Half Duplex allows traffic to travel in both directions but only one way at a time Many RS485 applications commonly use the Half Duplex mode because a single pair of wires can be shared Baud Rate Ranges The card has capability for two baud rate ranges and you can select which you wish
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