3FE conversion.pmd
Contents
1. Adapting 3FE Induction to a 2F in a 1969 FJ40 by Jon M Stewart Installing a 3FE Stroker in a 1969 FJ40 Daunting was my first impression of this project But the more I dove into it the less anxiety I had The two publications I used were the factory service manual for a 1989 FJ62 and the 1988 New Car Features publication available as a PDE In my opinion this project cannot be accomplished without those two documents The 1988 New Car Features publication contains lots of functional information that was used to understand how the EFI worked I m going to describe here what I did the steps taken to make the conversion from carburetor to 3FE EFI What I started with was a 1986 2E What I bolted on was the necessary parts from a 1989 FJ62 There are of course other ways to accomplish the same result I m simply going to describe how I installed the 3FE EFI and resolved some of the issues It s nothing a little creativity can t solve Some examples include the fuel line behind the head disabling the EGR hooking up the VSV for the fuel pressure regulator selection of the fuel pump how to filter the air solving the speed sensor issue elimination of vacuum lines and routing those lines I kept I also had an issue with the brakes I need to note that parts on a 1988 FJ62 EFI system are slightly different than those used in 1989 90 Also the system in the FJ80s are even more different and I have no experience with those but sus2. s side that isn t used with the 2F plumbing I used part number 90339 16001 to block off this port Fig 13 There is also a port on the 3FE heater plumbing that wasn t used It was blocked off using part number 90339 13009 Fig 13 I went with an aftermarket temperature sensor In hindsight I should have pulled the OEM sensor and adapted the Autometer sensor Instead I drilled and tapped the thermostat housing and installed the sensor on the lower right side Fig 14 When I acquired the parts from my donor FJ62 I couldn t get to the block off plate for the fuel pump Using a gasket as a template I made my own out of 1 8 steel Fig 14 Of course on subsequent trips I was able to acquire the factory plate Disclaimer The intent of this article was to document how I installed 3FE induction on a 2F block in my 1969 FJ40 I ve described what I did which may or may not work for others Chances are that others will find additional issues that will need to be addressed There could also be better solutions In no way am I going to imply that what I did was necessarily the right or best way I am not a professional mechanic and my skills are very shade tree though not quite bubba If it s decided to tackle this project it will be up to the installer to determine that they have the necessary skills knowledge and tools to accomplish the job Like I said this article is to be used in combination with the Factory Service
3. Manual and the 1988 New Car Features publication The ability to read a wire diagram is required I did not attempt to give detailed step by step instructions on the installation I put in a lot of work research and spent a lot of money to make this conversion work Why should I take out the challenge or fun others should have Harness Connectors The engine harness has connectors for e ECU 2 e Main harness e Fuel injectors 6 e Cold start injector e Ox sensors 2 e Cold start time switch e Water temperature switch e Water temperature sensor e Water temperature sender e Throttle position sensor e Idle speed control valve e Distributor The main harness has EFI connectors for e ECU 1 Engine harness e Air flow meter e Ignitor e Main relay e Circuit open relay e Vacuum switching valves 3 AI EGR fuel regulator Plus it has wires for e EFI Fuse R Y e Ignition Fuse B L e Speed sensor G B e Ignition switch B W e 4WD switch Y B e Brake light switch G W e Ground BR e A C BW e Check engine light Y G 4th Connector e From Ignition Starter neutral start switch B R e From Ignition Fuse B L e From EFI main relay Y R e To Tachometer B e To Fuel Pump R G e To Water temperature gauge G e Bridge AFM to TPS G R 2FE Rebuild Parts Part Gasket head Gasket intake exhaust Gasket plenum Gasket throttle body Gasket ISC valve PCV grommet Washer cyl head cover Thermo
4. cover that attach to the fuel rail at the damper and the regulator Don t bend them getting the head off e ECU from behind the glove box 89661 60021 89661 60020 in 1988 e Throttle pedal I also got the hand throttle e Throttle cable e Main computer relay located under the airbox 85915 60010 e Circuit Open Relay located in the passenger side kick panel 85910 14020 e Coil with ignitor e Distributor There are no aftermarket alternatives at this time e Engine wire harness e Main harness that runs under the dash from the fuse block to under the hood e VSV for the fuel pressure regulator It s part of a 3 way block of VSVs on the driver s fender PII discuss this in more detail later e If installed in a smog equipped truck the AI and EGR systems will need to be harvested too e Heater distribution pipes that run on the passenger side of the valve cover attached to head e Fuel pump block off plate I made my own e All of the little things associated with the above e The 1986 motor already had the 2F side cover with the indent for the large cap distributor This will not be provided by the FJ62 donor e The 2F also needs to have flat top pistions Early dome top pistons will not work with the 3FE head It s a good idea to get as many of the hoses as possible In some cases harvesting was easier if I cut some hoses and replaced them later I found that most of them are not that expensive from the dealer Disabling
5. Emissions Since my motor went into a smog exempt 1969 FJ40 I choose not to install the EGR and AI systems This significantly simplified the motor and kept the space under the hood tidy Disabling the EGR is one area where there are multiple solutions Others have used threaded caps and block off plates My solution was to pound in expansion plugs Figs 1 amp 2 There were two I needed One goes on the fitting on the exhaust manifold 75 and the other goes on the plenum where the EGR valve lived 829 21mm Both are a tight squeeze but they fit This was a clean and cheap solution For the AI system the ports on the head need to be plugged Rather than using brass NPT plugs I choose to use the Toyota part The 3FE head only has four cylinders attached to the injection rail The other two used on 2F motors are sealed with an allen head plug These are available from Toyota part number 90340 14001 Fig 3 I suspect BSPT metric plugs would also work and would be cheaper than the dealer about 2 each from McMaster Carr Again simple and clean Charcoal Canister This was an interesting setup On mini trucks there is a vapor line from the tank that goes to the canister There is a second line that runs from the canister to the throttle body On the 3FE there is a VCV that sits between the line from the throttle body and the canister This was retained I only made one minor change One line from the VCV goes to the airbox Beca
6. ally contains a steel fitting to connect the larger hose to the smaller hose running to the ISC Attached to that is a steel pipe with a fitting for the valve cover breather Then between the steel pipe and the throttle body is another bent rubber hose What I did was take the short metal connector for the ISC and weld it into the metal pipe so there was a port for the breather and a port for the ISC Fig 8 I then bought a 3 silicone coupling at Autozone to connect the AFM to the metal pipe I found the silicone coupling in the performance section at most auto parts stores The AFM and steel pipe are just slightly larger than 3 so I used a heat gun to warm up the coupling so it would slip on easier Gas Pedal I acquired the gas pedal from the FJ62 This is another part that s different between 1988 and 1989 90 at least with how the hand throttle hooks up The attachment of the throttle cable from under the hood is the same I modified my firewall to accept the new throttle pedal and the mount for the cable Engine Wire Harness As I said there are two harnesses This harness was used unmolested I just hooked it up to the sensors and ran it though the firewall to the ECU There is one connector next to the ECU connectors that connects to the main harness on 1989 harnesses This connector is different between the 1988 and the 1989 90 harnesses Fig 7a b c The EFI harness hooked up the majority of the EFI items on the motor Thi
7. fretted over this for many months Some folks said it wasn t needed Some said it was required The documentation I had was vague So while at the boneyard I pulled the speedometer from an FJ62 and took it home I then hooked up my multi meter set it to continuity beep and spun the speedometer It pulsed four times per revolution I had already acquired the VSS for the Autometer electronic speedometer It consisted of a 16 pulse square wave VSS and a custom cable to connect to the transfer case What I needed for the ECU was a reed switch type VSS that produced 4 pulses The ECU VSS runs piggyback with the speedometer VSS Fig 9 Again my fretting was for nothing The company that provided both VSS s and cable was Speedometer Service Co Milwaukee WI 414 463 6660 Fuel Pressure VSV The fuel pressure VSV is part of a three way block of VSVs In order from the front of the truck is the AI VSV the EGR VSV and the VSV closest to the firewall is for the fuel pressure regulator The EGR has its own connector but the fuel pressure and the AI VSVs are wired to the same connector FJ80s use three separate connectors the fuel pressure VSV is brown What I did was cut off the connector and replace it with a Weather Pack connector and modified the harness to match I then removed the VSV from the three way mount and made a bracket for it It was relocated on the front side of the plenum close to the fuel pressure regulator and the vacuum
8. pect it would be a similar installation I know the coil ignitor is different The two major EFI differences I found between 1988 and 1989 90 are e The water temperature switch and the cold start time switch while functionally the same uses a different connector e There is one connector under the dash that is different The 1988 uses a two wire connector while in 1989 90 it s a seven wire connector e While not connected to the EFI the VSVs for the 4WD are also different between these two years Other than those items everything else is the same Before I start tossing out too much jargon I might as well give some definitions EFI Electronic Fuel Injection ECU Electronic Control Unit computer AFM Air Flow Meter TPS Throttle Position Sensor ISC Idle Speed Control valve VSV Vacuum Switching Valve VCV AI Air injection control smog pump EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation system PCV Pollution Control Valve VSS Vehicle Speed Sensor To do this conversion I harvested from a donor FJ62 e The head with thermostat housing tubes sensors and switches e Exhaust manifolds e Exhaust flanges e Ox sensor flanges e Complete induction including throttle body with TPS ISC along with all hoses and tubes e AFM with air tube to throttle body and attached hoses e The air box is optional and I didn t use it e Fuel rail with injectors regulator and damper e Fuel lines at the front and back of the valve
9. s included the fuel injectors cold start injector both Ox sensors cold start time switch water temperature switch water temperature sensor water temperature sender TPS ISC distributor and two connectors for the ECU On the 1988 harness there are two connectors One is a two wire connector located next to the ECU connectors The second is a five wire connector located next to the diagnostic box under the hood Functionally these two have the same job as the single 7 wire used in 1989 Main Harness This was by far the most intimidating part of the conversion I don t think it can be done without the wire diagram in the factory service manual The main harness contains just about everything headlights horn turn signals gauges heater and way too much more The items I needed from this harness included the connectors for the ECU air flow meter ignitor main relay circuit open relay and VSVs see table for complete list In addition there were wires necessary for hooking up power from the fuse block the speed sensor the 4WD signal brake light switch and ground I marked these connectors before I started Beginning at the ECU connector I unwrapped the harness and tracing the wires to each component It took several hours and I did make a few mistakes Hopefully this write up will save you some time as others can quickly identify what items are important and those that are not Mounting ECU Glove box Speed Sensor I
10. stat Gasket thermostat Gasket water outlet Gasket water outlet housing O ring 1 fuel injector O ring 2 fuel injector Gasket fuel pipe 2 regulator Gasket damper Gasket fuel pipe damper gasket fuel pipe 3 cold start Gasket cold start O ring distributor Distributor cap Distributor rotor Spark plug wires Gasket exhaust pipe Plug 1 rear head Gasket valve cover Gasket side cover Gasket timing cover Gasket front end plate Gasket oil pan Gasket water pump Gasket oil pump Plug expansion cam O ring oil cooler Water pump reman Seal rear main Seal front main Fuel pump gasket Gasket oil filter bracket Assorted Part Numbers e EFI emblem on top of plenum 11292 61010 e Thermostat bypass port plug 90339 16001 Need a OO Oe NO oy e Rear heater port plug 90339 13009 e Air rail plugs on head 90340 14001 e OEM fuel pump block off plate disco d 11495 61010 SFE 11115 61030 17172 61060 17176 61020 22271 61020 22278 42010 90480 18001 90210 13001 90916 03052 90430 43002 16341 61030 16343 61020 90301 07001 90301 19006 90430 08011 23232 41081 90430 12005 90430 08011 23293 74010 90099 14090 19101 61240 19102 61240 90919 21451 90917 06039 96411 45000 11213 61020 11496 61010 1986 2F 11253 60010 11328 61010 11312 61021 12151 61010 16271 60012 90430 15261 90311 48010 90301 21176 16100 61130 90311 99065 90311 45008 90923 05016 15691 61010 Figure 2 EGR por
11. supply Fig 10 One note about the IA and EGR VSVs Some feel that because they are controlled by the ECU they are necessary and their absence will trigger the Check Engine Light CEL I m not convinced These are switches not sensors They only receive power triggered by the ECU and I don t think the ECU has the ability to detect their presence absence or malfunction Accessories In my case I kept the 2F accessories I also used the 2F water pump The power steering pump was retained on the driver side of the motor and the alternator was mounted on the passenger side both in the high position To tighten the power steering belt I made an idler pulley setup that mounted in the smog pump location Routing Coolent Lines Bla bla bla Power Brakes This was another area that caused me much grief The induction on a 3FE takes up more space than the 2E I was having problems with fitting a brake booster under the hood with the 2F and the clearance became worse with the 3FE plenum I had already acquired a spacer from Mark s Off Road to space the booster out from the clutch master but the booster was still in the way of the motor The solution was to cut out the firewall with the mounts for the brake and clutch masters and move it over three inches Fig 11 A section of firewall rib was removed at the same time I also needed to bend the pedals to the right The Little Stuff There is a port on the 3FE thermostat housing driver
12. t on exhaust manifold plugged with expansion plug 4 a J Figure 4 Plugged PCV port on 2F side cover Sorry no image yet Figure 5 Rerouted fuel line behind head Figure 6 Intake from cone filter to AFM 7a 5 wire connector on 1988 7c 7 wire connector on 1989 7b 2 wire connector on 1988 Figure 8 Intake showing steel pipe with double ports one for breather the second for ISC Figure 9 Piggyback vehicle speed sensors Top is the VSS for the Autometer speedometer Lower is the VSS for the ECU speed signal Figure 10 Fuel pressure regulator VSV mounted on plenum directly from vacuum to regulator Sorry no image yet Figure 11 Relocated brake and clutch master cylinders a Figure 12 Part 90339 16001 used to block off the extra port on the thermostat housing Sorry no image yet Figure 13 Part 90339 13009 used to block off the extra heater port ODA id eT Figure 14 Location of aftermarket temperature sensor
13. use the airbox was not used I just installed a small filter from a VSV on the port PCY The 3FE uses different PCV plumbing than the 2E The easiest solution was to keep the 3FE connection from the PCV on the valve cover to the plenum The PCV connects to the 2F on the side cover What I did was cut off the tube from the side cover and weld in a bolt head to fill the hole I probably could have cut it down further and made it flush with the cover as the tube does recess a bit into the side cover The bump looks OK Fig 4 Fuel Pump and Delivery draft For the 3FE EFI I needed a fuel pump that puts out 43 PSI In the aftermarket several 45 PSI pumps are available Fig 5 Bla bla bla Still trying to figure this out Air Filter At first I wanted to retain the FJ62 air box but realized that without moving the battery it wasn t going to happen Fortunately many of the parts on the 3FE are similar to those on the 7M motor used in the Supra I bought on Ebay an adaptor that allowed me to bolt up a cone filter to the 3FE AFM This was a simple solution I am concerned about filtering and am looking at a pre filter to fit over the cone and possibility a larger Amsoil cone filter which might filter better Fig 6 The other thing I did was shorten the run from the AFM to the throttle body The air tube from the AFM to the throttle body consists of three pieces Attached to the AFM is a bent rubber hose with a fitting for the ISC It actu
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