ガス機関技術の系統化調査 - 産業技術史資料情報センター
Contents
1.2. 12 1 BMEP NOx
3. C B 6 1 Nn Pe
4. 1000 5000EKW BMEP12 15 kgf cm 88 43 NOx 200 500ppm BMEP BMEP18 20 kgf cm 40 45 12 1 3 _
5. stoiciometry 4 4 1 90 1Nm 105 Nm
6. 9 6 CAD 143 144
7. 1792 VW Murdock 3 1 4 1823
8. 151 152 9 4 22AG 28AG 8L22AG mm x mmj 220 x 300 min kW 14001260 MPa m s kgf cm x m sec 200 180 9 NOx ppm 0 09 3
9. 6 KU30GA 145 140
10. Vol 17 2012 August 72
11. PDCA Plan Do Check Action PDCA PDCA
12. Vol 17 2012 August ET 4 NI HN 6 1 ji Wil ek Nba _ 1 1 1 3 i a ba TE 7 10 280mm JU IMU A DDL TDC BDC 7 11 280mm DD 2 9 5 3 UP 1 nh 7 12
13. Vol 17 2012 August
14. DF Lloyd ON 9 6 1950 LNG 1959 34
15. 2000 4 3 2009 20 1 22 NOx CO 100 5 60 0W _ 30 0 MM 5 Ti 1990 1995
16. 2 55 1980 1986 61 8 6600V 109 110
17. 8 1 5 LNG BOG 5 7 8 1 1 1978 53
18. Me 6NHLM ST 3 34 2 46 8 81 Ai0 11 9 4 2 350kW NOx
19. 4 4 2 2 3 NOx 101 102 NOx NOx NOx 200 500ppm
20. NOx 100kW 136PS DF 2 3 4 5 9
21. 100 i 43 4 3 1 15 35kV 1 000 2000
22. M amp A CM 175 176
23. 3 1 2 1712 Thomas Newcomen 3 1 1 Vol 17 2012 August
24. 1883 4 3 11 800rpm 200rpm 1887 Karl Benz 4 1890
25. EER mt _ a CE 98 Vol 17 2012 August 2 1
26. 9 33 157 158 Micro Piloat injector Gas admission valve 9 33 GK28G 3 ECS ECS ECS 2 NOx
27. 8 1 82 Hemispherg Cone Part Steady tate Xe Part 8 1 1 Vol 17 2012 August 8 1 8 1L42M G
28. 9 35 1 RK ET i 1 9 35 KG 22 9 36
29. miN 50Hz 60Hz TCS 6000kW TCS 1 4 3 0
30. 250 280kgf cm 1l 2 2 8 1 3 6 4 1984 59 2 MAN B amp W 6L35MCE 8 2 8 2 6L35MCE x mm tmm PS rpm 6x 350 x 1050 3660 200 1
31. 2 90 4 9 1882 9 1 1 3 ort 2 a ar 8g gs ViV2 VIV2 3 4 3 4 1 4 1 0 1 0 1 ey 1 0 1 co 2 W He Et a 1 me Qg 9 2 9 8 4 1
32. MAN 1 177 13 13 1 1700 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 M3 M13 M23 M33 3 3 1760 1868 2 7 1792 I 1893
33. 180 1 10852 1 180 x 10 852 1 953 360Ibf ft h 1 542 6 550 Ibf ft s 1 5 550lpf ft s 1 10 15 HP 550Ipf ft s 76 04 kgf m s 75 kgf m s 1Ib 0 4536kg 1ft 30 48cm P37 38
34. 9 9 1 1 NOx 2004 16 ls Me 2 000
35. 2 2 3kgf cm 4 1 06
36. 9 31 932 imal farge Ll Fs Crank Angle deg CRA 9 31 knpecking Efficiency 0 I00 200 300 400 50 6DO 700 NOx ppm O02 0 9 32 800bar
37. TCS Turbo Compound System 1 NOx 1 9 20 921 _ 396 a 196 196 c
38. 2 NOx LNG 1500kW 2000PS GS12R 675kW 1500rpm x 4 2000 12 2 4 2 2 GSR 7 9 LNG
39. DF Pmax Pmax Pmax Vol 17 2012 August Lt Fr SN 1 1 1 a LM A a
40. 1928 Brown Boveri 9 1905 4 2 4 4 7 8 2 3 2 1 1900 1920 1910 3000PS 300PS 1500PS
41. 1925 14 15 125 80 2N 1931 5 43 4 345PS 2 5 _ 5 1 4 1907 40 6 8
42. 9 36 KG S D SD 1 25 1 49 KG 1 6 937
43. 4 3 3 47 1 2 3 4 7 4 4 3 4 2 3 5
44. RS da odin Pa 2 2 Pe A 9 g ss N HE ag lt 8 a l VN 6 1 PR EE1 Sl 7 2 2 K RIL 1 sas LU 1 1 7 3 6LG32X 1650PS 600rpm
45. 7 7 Caterpillar 1948 1985 60 G3400 x 137 2mm x 152 4mm 125 425kW G3500 x 170mm x 190mm 210 1030kW 1990 1991 G3600 x 300mm x 300mm 1 3MW 2000 CM32 G16CM34 x 340mm x 420mm 16 6100kW 750rpm
46. 37 200 6EKH A 42X 16V28 32 GI AYG20L ST 1MD20GX 1907 1968 40
47. Crossley Brothers National Gas Engine Co Premier Gas Engine Co 95 96 MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nirunberg AG MAN MAN Diesel amp Turbo 1 2 Crossley 1988 Rolls Royce 312 1300mm 1400mm 725PS 90rpm 100kg PS 39kgf cm 31 3 20 1 1914
48. NOx 26HX G 33CX G 14PC2 5V DF 14PC25V 14PC2 5V DF 1000 1 F 7 5 PA5L DF 7 4 2 1991 3 NOx 1987 62 26HX G 1989 33CX G 26HX G 33CX G 7 3 NOx
49. 15 3 8 38 93 94 1824 2 1862 4
50. 120mm 9 28 mJ le 0 40 0 45 050 055 0 60 0 65 0 70 9 29 Vol 17 2012 August 102mm 105mm 12 2400rpm 100
51. 4 8 NOx 396 ta hb 4 5 2 43
52. 91 9 2 8
53. NOx 934 GK28G 8 9 34 GK28G Vol 17 2012 August 9 9 2003 15
54. 1980 103 104 15 309 4 6 2 DF 2 1955
55. bn RR SOGAV gt SOGAV lt i PB 7 5 1952 27 1923 12
56. 200 100 109 0 eg 5n Er 0 ES i TN CE A PRE IE 1 EN 30 0 30 50 ET deg 8 24 7 RTA84M GF LNG 4 8 3 1984 59 2
57. DF DF IMO NOx Tier1 IMO NOx Tier2 2011 IMO HIOx Tier3 201B IMONOx grkWh 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 pm 10 1 IMO NOx EE ER Bm A si ee 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 10 2 IMO 70 2 1908 41 2
58. 4 1 3 44 200 300kgf cm 2000ppm 0 0
59. 26HX G 33CX G 3 20 5 7 3 26HX G
60. NN NNNN NN SNS NI dl 000 1 1 T 2 2 5 SI kW HP PS 735 5kW 1000PS PS HP Horse Power 1 550lp 1ft 1HP 1HP 550Ibf ft s 0 7457kW PS Pferde Starke PS 1 75kg 1m 1PS 1PS 75kgf m s 0 7355kW 1HP 1 014PS 1PS 0 9859HP
61. 600 650 DF 632C 2
62. 1900 3 4 1855 A V Newton Vol 17 2012 August 100 1823
63. NOx 100 5000kW NOx 7 8 9 3 H10 1998 NOx SOx CO0 GHG 1997 H9 NEDO
64. kWh 7 NOx 200ppm 0 0 1000kW 2000kW 38 40 3000kW 5000kW 40 436 x 120 140 180 200
65. 4 3 3 42 _ HH _ A lt 4 2 4 3 12V 24V 43 1 2
66. GT 45 30 2000 12 4 DF 710 4 LNG 1
67. 15 18 1712 Thomas Newcomen
68. NOx 1988 63 1991 3 2005 17 GHG Green House Gas 1997 9 CO 2002 14 2005 17 LNG 13A CO 20
69. 23 C62 24
70. 4 1 90 95 600 650 350 3 1
71. 800 1920 1 3000PS 300 1 1914 1918 2 1939 1945
72. Pmax 50 Pmax 16kgf cm 45g kW h Pmax 4 250kgf cm 2 Pmax 250kgf cm 3
73. 1861 4 15 4 3 1 6
74. 1986 61 1 kW 2 5
75. 8 10 Naormal Injeection 0 A mormal Iniertinm 3 es MPa kg em 1 NR upply CGas Fres PL ha LF a MPaTtkgfycmi 14 140 ET 1 10f 1od BO bs FF dO D 0 180 200 230 dD 260 280 800 Crank Angle deg AEDC 8 10 133 134 6L35MCE GI 1985 60 6
76. 9 5 MD G 6MD36G 18MD36G mm x mmj min kW MPa m s kgf cm x ms 6 8 0 5 0 ww WW sg TI ET 41 TCS 42 5 55 9 27 928 927 929
77. 1980 LNG 2000 LNG BOG
78. 30 5 20kgf cm 6 10m s 200 200 30 7 Vol 17 2012 August 8 21kWh 300kWh 2001 13 3 7 16 688 972 2001 13
79. 10 NOx NN NOx 1 0 1 1 0 5000 10000 6 1500kW 18 3 4500kW 40 1
80. 6 2 LSV 16 GDT SG 393 7 155 x mm x mm 5s588 22 PS 4610 333 rpm kgf cm 5 BMEP 11 6kgf cm 42 BMEP16kgf cm 2 2
81. 8 12 MC GI 8 12 Valve block cartrel FUmMmE 8 11 _ i li A ir flow direction b Gos flow direction 1 a 1 hy Valve block Purge gas Combined gas fuel oll inlection valve Timing safety valve Contollable Positioner5s Fuel oil oil pump Purmp N Adjustoble stop Balance arm 8 12 8 3 MC G1 K 1986 K50MIC G I S KGOMC G 1S K7UOMC G I S
82. 8 5 Working Fluid Combustion Chamber Pilot Fuelt Spray 3 amp WE Fuel Gas Jet Pilot Oil Seal Oil Fuel Cas Fuel Injection Valve 8 5 131 132
83. 1760 James Watt 1776 5 2
84. NEDO 9 6 9 6 1 1 or 37 BMEP ee ei te 1996 8 40 BMEP2MPa 4000 Vol 17 2012 August
85. 137 138 8 19 1 2 1 ae 1 2 8 19 8 20 Ep Fe Lk Fe hy a Pes kgi cm lt fm 5 1 Wt Tl Tr Li LH FH 3
86. In Pulse SOGAV SOGAV Vol 17 2012 August Moving Metering Plate Solenoid Assembly E Core Armature Moving Metering Plate Do Upper Plate mm Moving Metering gt 1 1 Plate mH Metering Plate 3OGAV Housing L a MMP UP MMP MMP MMP amp LSMP
87. 30 2 4 1950
88. 2 14 1880 Crossley 37 38 x 171 9mm x 340mm 7883cc 2 66 156 7rpm 44hp 14 1876 Gottlieb Daimler W Maybach 4 4 1861
89. 100 100 100PS 100PS kW kW PS 4 4 4 1 22
90. 9 26 MD36G V 46 L 45 95 MD G 7 3 8 7 3 1 9 26 1MD36GX NOx 2
91. 5 1 i 9 37 CFD 938 KG 9 38 KG 2
92. 921 MD20G TCS Turbo Compound System TCS S 922 55000rpm 30kW 9 22 TCS 350 800C
93. 77 3 HHI HHTI 2007 2 H17 24G x 170mm x 240mm 1200 min BMEP20bar 42 H35 40G x 350mm x 400mm 720 min 480kW cyl BMEP20 8bar 47 2 2010
94. gO 231 DO55X3 125kgWyemr 25 5 1 2 8 22 2 85 2 8 23 250kgf cm 190mm 8 23 NDT19 30C 3 824
95. 125 120 7 21 103kW 27 4 85C 55C 55C 10 7 22
96. NOx 2 1986 61 280mm 360mm 720rpm 710 7 11 7 12
97. TN NO A 0 7 2 6PA5L DF 6PA5L DF mm x mm PS EE CD ke Cm Vol 17 2012 August 5PA5L gooO X 270 400 x 460 1710 SE MT PA5 SE M T PC2 5DF BMEP 10kgf cm
98. 1503Meal 5 15 Eh Ma 7 22 Vol 17 2012 August 73 3 76 7 3 7 6 2 NOx 1 GS6A2 NOx 1989 NOx
99. 4 S6A2 2100rpm 7 5 GS6A2 x mm x mm rpm kgf cm m s 420PS 200PS 50Hz 240PS 60Hz ec 7 19 12 10 10 7 20 27 32 45 50 72 82 CN T 400F 200 mmHg 200 400 650 600 CC 500 2 600 2 000
100. 450kW cyl BMEP 2 24MPa 46 12V32 40PGI 2005 11 3 V32 40PGI 2009 21 51 60G x 510mm x 600mm 0 8 VTA 975kW 500rpm 50Hz 1000kW 514rpm 60Hz BMEP19 0bar 49 8 Ga5 Admission Valv Startinq Device Prechamber 11 2 MAN _ PGI Vol 17 2012 August 11 3 V32 40PGI Wartsila MAN
101. 3HG19D 100kW 1200rpm Ne 6 3 1963 38 Cooper Bessemer LSV Tri Fuel Engine TF 111 112
102. NOx 2000 3000ppm 0 0 NOx 3 46 1 4 6
103. NOx SOx C0 GHG 2013 25 1 1 NOx NOx 1997 9 IMO 2005 17 MARPOL V 1 2000 12 2005 VM 101 2011 2 2016 3 3 ECA Emission Control Area 1 80 ECA
104. LNG DF DF DF LNG Boil Off Gas LNG DF DF 10 4 6 3 DF 410 DF
105. Vol 17 2012 August 60 NOx
106. 914 10 12 BMEP 2MPa Pmax 915 Pmax NOx 1000 a S 80 B00 Fa 4oo oo G 200 0 _ 45 4o o 35 x 25 F LL 1 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 BMEP MPa PF ma MP a COV Pnasx 96 9 Ra tw nm gm we Mic 3 me 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 BMEP MPail spark plugignition npilot fuel ignition 9 14
107. BMEP12 5kgf cm BMEP13 05kgf cm 7 2 DF 7 2 DF 7 9 3 5 15 2 DF 75 PA5L DF 6L13AHS SG PA5 DF PC2 5 DF
108. 191 MD20G 2 3 A B C 3 12 BMEP 1 47MPa 3 912 BMEP NOx 0 Pmax Pmax COV Pmax 200 Pmax Bosch1 Fuel Injection rk plu Wal TO Pre comibustion chambmr Pilot fuel iniection valve TK t re combustion chamber Plug Type A Diesel Engine Type B Center PCC with Spark TypeC Center PCC with Pilot Fuel
109. 4 3 j 49 b 46 Dual Fuel DF 4 6 1 DF DF 2 5 10
110. 1 1760 5 1792 1823 10 1860 4 1876 4 14
111. DF DF 3 DF 160bar 21 103 4 DF ACCOLADE TH Gas compartment Gas compartrment 10 3 4 DF ACCOLADE TI
112. NOx NOx NOx 1500min 12 BTDC11 SE 0 98MPa 10 kgiycm mn EE 1 Oa E 11 Fa HC We 3 E E r 200 N a iC 1 100 750 730 UE 1 9 2 1 7 25 1500 mn 1 05 Mna Pa 6cy hpal amp 1 st oo NOx ET O100 a 4 5 m FE cs A S50 730 Ph wr Tax pr 710 dB MMiil 36 a 34 l 1 4 12 10 j BTDC degj 726
113. 32DF 50DF LNG 32DF FPSO Floating Production Storage and Oiloading 2002 LNG 4 50DF LNG 2005 17 11 12 13 1 32DF 34DF 10 2 10 2 Wartsila 34DF 50DF TT 4 mm
114. 80 PF 5 2 Vol 17 2012 August 1915 4 400PS 3 1919 8 500PS 1 1919 125 12 Me 1934 9 1942 17 5 1 5
115. 2003 10 P4 13 MAN Low NOx gas engines from MAN B amp W CIMAC 1998 MAN New Gas Engine from MAN Diesel SE CIMAC 2007 Paper No 167 MAN Diesel amp Turbo Wartsila Status and potentials of the gas engines CIMAC 2004 Paper No 163 Wartsila Methane slip reduction in Wartsila lean burn gas engines CIMAC 2010 Paper No 106 173 174 7 72 7 1882 15 1910 1 1918 12 1
116. 2 1860 1712 1804 1823 1872 1881 1893 2 1816 4 J 1807 1867 1776 1824 1876 1883 1862 1860 1902 1838 1855 1876 1887 4 1905 2 2 1 1 BMEP
117. fa 1785 James Watt 2 1 Vol 17 2012 August 2 1 1800 1792 W Murdock
118. 1878 J Emerson Dorson 1893 Bunier 10 MP 399 3 10 3 9
119. 29 5 2 5 P64 68 2 22 11 58 9 P29 37 3 PA5L DF 4 9 3 7 P325 330 5 NOx 110 9 P27 37 6 70 58 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 P5 6 LPG 6 9 42 9 P11 16 423 3 4 P13 23 NHLG 31
120. 919 YE EST AS TR lt 9 19 9 6 3 G8AG 22AG 2006 18 28HLX
121. SN el em 2 3 C62 Vol 17 2012 August 1 2 3 44 12 P12 70 1998 10 P9 93 4 5 2010 P154 43 7 P35 GP 2006 12 P49 6 90 3 7 1
122. Vol 17 2012 August Glow Plug Unil Gas Injection Valve Lf 1 4 3 4 3 3 1 5000 10000 4 4 2
123. 43 5 4 5 1
124. 2003 15 AYG20L 93 1 Main Chamber 9 3 5 Vol 17 2012 August 94
125. 930 NOx 5 N UN Mi NN OU NN Ni 360 360 a cm MPa b 9 30 9 1 GK28G 2005 17 MD20G 800 1100kW MD36G 2800 8100kW MD36G 1500 2000kW DK 28
126. 62 2 000 422 40 3 Eu 1 id CA a ae 40 8 1 34 1 b THC 9 6 9 2 GSR 6 min MPa kgf cm x m sec kW 9 2000 H12 2002 H14
127. 1859 E L Drake 3 5 3 1 5 1850 1867 Nikolaus A Otto
128. Me Vol 17 2012 August 2001 H13 50Hz BODHz 18V22AG 18V28AG 295 x 400 750Z720 18 18 5800 5500 3200 2880 2003 H15 2006 HI18 9 7 1 MD 0G 2004 16 NEDO MD20G DK 20
129. 4 7 2 DF 411 2 13A 5 4 11 LNG LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LNG
130. NOx 3 94 22AG 28AG 1 O 1978 53 2 4 8 2000
131. 1000 800 GO 400 rpm deg gz00 9 23 6MD20G 5 40 924 TCS 6MD20G 9 24 6MD20G TCS Vol 17 2012 August 9 7 2 MD36G 2007 19 3 8MW MD36G DK 36 1 MD36G
132. SOGAV SOGAV 4 SOGAV2 2 SOGAV43 SOGAV105 SOGAV250 1 2 SOGAV2 2 SOGAV Pmax 1990 24
133. 2 1990 2 8L26HX G 1991 3 33CX G 18V33CXG NOx 1 NOx NOx
134. DF 196 c 4 9 DF DF 10 10
135. Ce 4 7 4 1 DF 7 2 1984 59 S E M T Pielstick MAN Diesel amp Turbo France PA5 DF PC2 5V DF 500kW 1982 57 6L13AHS 6 130mmm 160mm 350PS 1900rpm BMEP13 0kgf cm 6L13AHS SG 250PS 1800rpm BMEP9 82kgf cm 1 ODA 115 110
136. 1 MDO Marine Diesel Oil 99 MDO HFO Heavy Fuel Oil 1 THC Total Hydro Carbon 10 9 Combustion chamber 1 2 Combustion chamber 1 Combustion chamber 2 SNSNS 10 9 9 100 2 lrpm
137. 1 DF 1907 4 Pm kgf cm SI Spark gnition DF DualFuel TF Tri Fuel TCS Turbo Compound System ARES Advanced Reciprocating Engine System PGI Performance Gas Injection HCCI Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition 7860 797 1948 7920 793203 180
138. 1878 11 1917 6 2 4 2 1939 1944 1941 1945 3 3 1 30 1955
139. 2000 12 37 GS R x 170 x 180mm 2008 H20 15 11 Re
140. GIDE GI GIDE 1 40MW 817 12K80MC GI S 40680kW 103 4rpm x 21 2m x 12 1m 1370 48 13A A 1992 4 1994 6 7 8 17 40MW BMEP kgf cm Cm m s
141. 20 000 6 6 5MW 8L42MB G x 8 x 420mm x 500mm 6500kW 600rpm 43 13A NOx 1618ppm 0 0 40ppm 0 0 1994 6 7 1 14 2006 18 3 47 500 0 GI GI 5000kW
142. KU30GSI 2 000 2 000 911 KU30GSI a 2012 24 I KU30G lt 9 3 bd 9 11 KU30GSI 9 3 KU30G
143. 10 7 th I A ais A NNW WNW 40 30 9 40 2 1 2 4 9 2 1
144. 0 5 0 7 7 24 gt 2 fn Fh 1 RE Lot a 1 1 KN 1 al 7 23
145. 8 3 18 6 P31 36 LNG Fueled Ferries Use Rolls Royce Power Maritime journal 2007 6 Rolls Royce Rolls Royce LNG 40 3 17 P16 24 Wartsila A REVIEW OF GAS ENGINE DEVELOPMENT AT WARTSILA CIMAC2001 Wartsila Wartsila 50DF Technical review 2006 Wartsila Wartsila MAN Operational experience of the 51 60DF from MAN Diesel SE CIMAC2010 Paper No 37 MAN 51 60DEF Engine The New Prime Mover for LNG Carriers 2007 MAN MAN DF CO 21 5 169 170 7 7 10 Rolls Royce Marine I Bergen MAN Diesel amp Turbo MAN Wartsila DF MAN Wartsila
146. 85 8 5 86 2 87 2 8 1 4 Vol 17 2012 August SS 1 16 Cnnirnl gi a Cas spidles Eu
147. 1983 58 BMEP 13 5kgf cm 2 6 1 12VMG27 5X 58 35 58 mm x mm 2 PS rpm kgf cm 7 DF 4 1974 49 S E M T Pielstick MAN Diesel amp Turbo France 10PC2 3DF 400mm 460mm 500rpm 500PS BMEP15 6kgf cm 1978 53 6LG32X 1600PS 600rpm BMEP 13 1kgf cm 2
148. C B 1960 6 1 Vol 17 2012 August
149. 4 7 4 2 LPG 4 2 26 kcal Nm 885 46 54 98 99 039 CO LP TTR CR Ekg 60 20 925 59 10 Me 0 50 a Ta a D a a Fm
150. ee OE ee m8 7 24 12 3 7 25 2 NOx 7 26 NOx 1 NOx Pmax 7 27
151. 170 x 220 113 9 380 ae HH 77 6 2004 H16 GSR2 3 45 BS GSR 8 GSR 2 SH W 40 1995 NE 00B 2010 9 8 GSR 7 9 5 3 KU30G 1 KU3OGA MACH 30G MACH Mitsubishi Advanced Engine Clean amp High Efficiency 2002 14 KU30G KU30GA
152. 1896 29 1 5 1 2 1891 24 30 40 200 1929 4 MAN 2 5 1 3 1895 28
153. 1939 2 Ti SRR EO os la CE NE A ei es gt CE i 3 12 CO CO H CH CO CO H CH4 P132 135
154. 2007 19 18 NR UN 939 2 485 159 160 NOx 8 NOx 0 0 9 ppm 9 39 9 9 2 2010 22 KG VTA Variable Turbine Area 49 KG V 97 12 18 KG KG V 940 KG 12 V 9 40 KG 12 V
155. Brake Mean Effective Pressure BMEP 4 4 Indicated MEP IMEP IMEP BMEP BMEP BMEP Vol 17 2012 August 360 44 4 5
156. W34SG 11 4 Inpuk pm 0 tust es 11 4 W34SG Skip firing BMEP 45 7 2003 8MW 9MW BMEP19 9bar CO W34DF W18V3
157. 1910 3000 1918 1930 1883 1893 1897 1882 15 1950 1960 DF
158. 3 1980 350bar 5 1990 2000 W34SG x 340mm x 400mm 18V34SG 1995 W34SG BMEP 14 16bar 36 40 W34SG WECS Wartsila Electronic Control System BMEP 17 7bar 45 5 50SG x 500mm x 580mm 2010 UNIC Unified Control
159. NOx NOx 3 NOx NOx NOx NOx 4 NOx 5 9
160. Vol 17 2012 August 1 2 2009 6 P20 24 38 4 13 7 P206 209 415 42 3 17 10 P142 145 KU30GA 38 4 13 7 P202 205 40 4 15 7 P246 249 17 19 NEDO 20 3 P5 100 66 MACHI SI
161. Rudolf Diesel 1893 1897 1905 Alfred Buchi
162. 4000 44 4 Fi i re SN i fh i EE i Ne Mp i a 4 4 4 3 4 45 4 5 44
163. 1860 Lenoir 2 4 0 5 3hp 300 400 35 1862 Beau de Rochas
164. 8 15 8 14 8 15 2 43 4 3 2 1 2 195 3 84 2 8 4 8L42MB G x mm mm 8 x 420 x 500 bar 219 2133 kgf em x m s 182 RM kW 50Hz 60Hz
165. 713 1 8 NOx 7 15 S s 10 NOx NOx NOx 7 16 MJ kwh 7 13 150mm 165mm 150071800rpm NN Roc
166. 8 9 lt 10 11 13 6O 60 2 7
167. 1 15 LEMA477 16 10 P55 56 2 16 LEMA483 18 4 P93 94 3 30 54 6 4 100 4 2 P507 509 5 100 8 3 P54 55 P82 83 6 30 8 12 P4 6 P9 10 P27 7 70 58 6 P3 8 P13 16 8 32 7 5 7 P73 80 9 100 20 3 P334 10 75 5 3 P5 8 D 8 7 10 31 7
168. gt 1 2 3 4 5 6 CO 23 7 200 22 6 P35 40 30 8 12 P5 6 9 22 11 58 9 P29 37 Sulzer Brothers Ltd 1 11 10 47 10 P46 99 First Sulzer RNMD type duel fuel diesel engine service in LNG ship Venator Motor 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Ship 1973 12 P423 428 LNG 856 12 10 P68 71 LNG
169. 1 22 11 58 9 P29 37 2 aN 1 6 8 42 8 P47 56 3 UN IT 0 II 2 6 9 42 9 P47 53 980 55 7 30 40 1968 43 1988 63 1991 3 7 1 7 1
170. 1 44 12 P3 47 2 P52 55 3 P194 198 4 P64 65 P70 5 1998 10 P9 12 6 P24 36 7 P94 105 8 P130 135 9 P82 90 10 43 3 P2 11 4 4 12 7 7
171. 2 SOx SOx IMO 10 2 3 CO 2011 7 IMO 2013 1 CO Vol 17 2012 August NOx SOx CO 2 4
172. 1928 1920 T9 1930 S5 1940 S15 2 2 CAT 1948 1940 S15 1950 1960 1970 1980 S25 S35 S45 S55 1985 LNG 1986 1960 NOx 1988 A 1980 1984 1985 MAN DF 1983 6L35MCE Gi F 5 1985 1960 145 ME 1985 4950PS DF N 1982 F lt gt M 1987 G D 1983 RTA84 GF GD M 1989 6LG32X DF F 1982 7 24 13 5 9 8 10 6 38 X
173. 149 150 BMEP 1 47MPa Pb 0 19MPa Hole of PCC 8 5 1 E rs Pmax NOx Thermal sfficiency bf Le 1 2 3 4 Thermal input of pllot fuel oll to whole Input 9 15 8 6 2 GOAG 2001 H13 22HLX L V 22AG 1 Govermor Driver Enqine Contraller EExhaust Solenoid Vave Valve ep each cyL a a A A EE a a
174. 1986 61 16NSAK SG 16 133mm 100mm 462PS 1500rpm BMEP7 81kgf cm 3 4000 7000kcal m NOx SiO
175. DF 77 7 GE 8 GE Jenbacher 50 2003 General Electric GE enbacher 3 Type3 x 135mm x 170mm V 12 16 20 550 1000kW Type4 x 145mm x 185mm V 12 16 20 850 1490kW Type6 x 190mm x 220mm V 12 16 20 24 1980 4030kW BMEP 1 8MPa 43
176. 1 2 3 4 5 22AG 43 6 2003 11 P216 219 52 6 2000 5 P43 MACH 30G 41 1 16 1 P22 23 56 4 16 P36 38 YANMAR 350kW 9 7 KG KG V mm x VTA em me IT EE DC wm gm mw EDT bar m s a me we wm kgm x meo 258 20 NOx ppm 0 50Hz 60Hz
177. 2 195 20 10 P35 40 199 22 2 P18 4 Development of New DAIHATSU 2MW Class Gas Engine CIMAC 2007 Paper No 248 167 20 5 P6 11 8MW 19 11 P45 48 162 7 70 7 1990 2 International Maritime Organization IMO
178. Vol 17 2012 August 1 20 1 38 9 5 5 TGSR GSR GSR GSR 2002 14 2004 16 180mm 220mm GSR2 41 5 92 GS6R2 9 7 98 2000 9 7 GS6R2
179. Vol 17 2012 August LEMA468 469 3 10 3 1 7 4 2 1 2 Dugald Clerk 1878 1890 1 4 4 2 2 23 132rpm 3 16 4 The Gas Petrol and Oil Engine 1860
180. Me 119 120 4 2 2 JO 7 7 9 16V26HX G LMO 1 Tk a NN 1 WiNe 7 9 16V26HX G Woodward Inc SOGAV Solenoid Operated Gas Admission Valve SOGAV SOGAV 1990 1990 1990
181. 7 7 Pmax Pmax 1 0 Vol 17 2012 August st r Pt Yum Rnkio OL 0 F g lgmitinm Timimge SO Hh dog FTC hmrgnm Air Tomp GO mF a Fea ll COV Pinar PCC VWolume Ratio D159 0 4 09 0
182. 1901 34 1903 36 2 15 1905 38 1 5 25 10 2 107 108
183. 15 1 1 3 1990 1960 35 1982 57 DF 6LG32X 1650PS 600rpm 2
184. 74 100 37 38 400C 1 a a RS a Ps x a 3 Fel i 1 0 10 5 Le a 057 FF E 20 Jn FR e 0 35 lt ek Se E MM J 2 se 9133 lt 15 4 E16 G0 800 1200 1607 7 4 6LG32X DF 1982 57 10 1960 35 1985 60
185. A 04 54kW 1500min Excess air ratio 2 0 Ignition timing 10 BTDC Suction air temperature 321K 500 nozzle orifice eh 1 450 diameter mm knocking A AN number 3 400 A 0 4 N 4 350 A 0 8 V 9 300 W 6 3 R O H R
186. Vol 17 2012 August rpm kW cyl on ann 50Hz 60Hz Eb kj kWh GU 1650 700 1960 KS8UMIC G 5 1Z QUU 23UU 1364 1385 7430 115 4 116 7390 100 100 7390 100100 7390 1720 1740 2350 2360 3120 3120 3940 3940 813 SHUT DO VALVE 8 1 5 4 1992 4 4 8L42MB
187. 1780 1794 32 1807 1804 1825 1800 1870
188. 2010 J624 Type6 24 2 BMEP 2MPa 465 10 BMEP 2 4MPa 47 50 J920 95MW 48 7 Vol 17 2012 August 77 2 unt 1871 Mechanische Werkstatte Mannheim 2011 Caterpillar 132mm 170mm 260mm TCG2020 x 170mm x 195mm 1988 BMEP7bar 35 2009 18bar 44 5
189. 7 6 4 Pmax COV Pmax 200 20 3 7 3 26HX G 33CX G 26HX G 26HX G 33CXG 33CX G ET a x mm 260x275 x 275 PS cyl kgf cm_ 40 18 42 40 18 SOGAYV 1990 H2 1993 H5 1990 H2 1993 H5 SOGAV Solenoid Operated Gas Adrmission Valve
190. 1884 17 1906 39 1909 42 1394 838 2232 5 1914 3 1132 2062 3194 1 4 3 10 5 100 15 250 1911 44 10 1
191. 99 A 900J 9 9 KU30GA KU30G KU30GA
192. 1910 43 MAN DTZ 3000PS 100rpm 2 3 2 1 40 1919 8 1 1945 20 30 40
193. KU30GA KU30GA MACH 30G i i KU30GS1 MLACH 30G MACH I SI mm x mm mw om ma m m mm NOx ppm 0 0 1990 1990 H2 2002 2002 HI4 2002 HI4 2004 H16 2008 H20 H20 147 148 TCS
194. MD20G 800 6 1100kW 8 BMEP 20MPa 176 41 TCS 42 5 153 154 9 MD820G MD20G 2005 17 2 10C 923 6MD20G 40 27
195. 2003 H15 LNG CO 20 SOx NOx Vol 17 2012 August 6
196. EE Me OT SE ON RDN LNG 1959 34 6 2 1949 1956 1990 1960 35 12VMG27 5E V 12 BMEP 7 24kgf cm 10kgf cm 955 amns0 5
197. BMEP13 20bar 39 3 440 9 10 KU30GA NN 9 10 KU30GA 2 MACH 30G KU30GA MACH 30GC 2004 16 MACH 30G GSR 455 3 KU30GSI MACH I SI 2008 20 KU30GSI MACH I SI SI Spark Ignition MACH 30G NEDO 17 3
198. Vol 17 2012 August 600 BOOC 800n 1200C 1200 1300C 60 70 2 1950 1960
199. KU30G 19 0 1 8000 NOx 100ppm 0 0
200. 4 3 4 45 2 EFI EFI Electric Fuel Injection 9 16 3 22AG 9 17
201. Historical Development of Gas Engine for Industry and Marine Use Fumio lIwafuchi 1820 1910 1712
202. 167 168 SaCoSone Safety amp Control System on engine VTA Variable Turbine Area VTA 0 5 10 10 V51 60DF 10 3 32 40DF 51 60DF 7 10 10 MAN 51 6ODF 10 3 MAN 32 40DF 51 60DF 32 40DF 5L GODF 4 4 ee kW cyl ne mn ban m sec kgft cm x m sec 2007 50Hz 60Hz 10 5 2 LNG LNG LNG 2008
203. 46 2 21 P25 29 MACHIT SI University of Central Florida 48 1 23 P11 15 LEMA 492 20 7 P51 58 14 22AG IHI 49 4 21 P200 203 28AG 46 1 18 3 Pl 5 184 17 2 Pl 8 MD20G 191 19 6 P10 18 191 19 6 P19
204. 7 5 7 18 100 250mmAq Vol 17 2012 August 11 1 11 0 397 3 1500 1800 12 10 7 7 18 GS6A2 PTK 3 NOx EGR NOx NOx 1
205. 1833 W L Wright 1 1838 William Barnett 3 4 90 H F A G D 90 G E
206. 2 LNG 100 LNG 0 1 0 3 Boil Off Gas BOG LNG 30 2 45 BOG 4 DF 1 5000 15
207. 2 126 1500 min E 1 04 Mpa NOx 200 3 8 x Oo 100 2 4 r A 2 2 38 oo 11 10 9 36 F nmi 3 I 3 4 5 6 Vp 7 27 4 1 GSA GSR 200 1000kW GSA GSR 7 6 GS6A3 7 6 GS6A3 GS6A3 4 xx am FR Cam a a EE 0 se NOx ppm 0 0
208. 800 1200kgf cm 1 Vol 17 2012 August KU30GSI KU30GSI Me 1 000 1 500
209. LNG NOx CO CO 21 4 CO 30 2MW DF
210. Eugen Langen 3 6 1872 7 8 10 4
211. 1926 bE 5 3 11 1887 Robert Bosch 1897 1900
212. 47 4 488 CFD 1300 1600kgf cm common rail 500 800kgf cm ON OFF
213. 7 100 500kW 1999 11 300kW i RO 1947 Ralph H Miller 141
214. 20 3 B35 40 VTG mm x mm kW eyL min bar m sec kgf cm Xx m sec 2011 2010 260 x 330 350 x 400 1 70 5 LNG i 10 5 1 4 MAN Diesel amp Turbo MAN Wartsila 2000 12 4 LNG 165 166 LNG BOG BOG NBO
215. GK28G 6GK28G 9 6 9 6 6GK28G x mm x mm kWe 0 RW MPg mA Gx 280 x 390 lt TA ls00 4 46 2007 H19 5QHz 60Hz 6 GK28G MD20G MD36G GK28G
216. 140mm 200mm 15PS 850rpm BMEP5 15kgf cm LPG 121 1 LPG 85 7 5 1985 60 8 20kW GHP 50 660kW NOx 1982 57
217. 1959 LNG DF 1986 NOx 2000
218. 2000 2002 14 2005 CO BMEP 1000 5000kW BMEP20 22 kgf cm 196 2 16MPa 40 48 NOx
219. 2 3 NOx HCCI Homogeneous Charge Compression 171 Ignition CCC _ 77 5 MAN Diesel amp Turbo 1998 10 28 32SI x 280mm x 320mm 200kW cyl BMEP 1 63MPa PGI Performance Gas Injection 32 40PGI x 320mm x 400mm PGI 11 2 230bar
220. 300 3000kW 3 5 2 3 10 8 2 1989 2 1 8 5 818 8 5 ND
221. 9 20 4 9 ECP
222. NOx LNG DF LNG 2 1980 55 Abstract AIthough gas engines are Drime movers of one SOrt their exiStence IS rarely reCOgnized in COmDariSon with widely known gaSQaline engines diesel engines Steam engines and gas turbines However gas engines are the oldest Drirme movers as Internal combDustion engines if steam engineS which are external combustion engines are excluded and it is not well known by the public that its practical application started gro
223. 0C 1 1m 1 162C 0 0017m 1 600 LNG 2009 1 63 50 CNG CNG Compressed Natural Gas 20 25MPa
224. 2 UEC RTA 3 3 7 6 1 4 1 4 1987 62 NOx 13A S6A2 GS6A2
225. 8 4 1 1 2 url Gas Pilat Oil 8 3 Fuel img Pilat 0 LIN 2 8 4 4 2 2
226. 2 GI DF 1996 8 32DF 350kW cyl 1998 10 46 DF 50DF 950kW cyl 50DF 108 W18V32DF 1997 1999 6L50DF BMEP 20bar 486 10 8
227. 250kgf cm 89 1 Protectign Pime iranch Pipe 1 WL ri ss Fs ae Pi ns i 5 1 et Fi Fur Mlain Gas Buppiyr Pine 6 SSH NN hr 1 H Ps 2 2 NN NE Dahie Wall Pipe Tl TT Fr EH 8 9
228. NOx 2005 2000 SOx 2008 CO 2013 1 DF LNG 1995 13 CIMAC Conseil International des Machines a Combustion 3 1998 8 2 2001 9 4 2004 11 4
229. Vol 17 2012 August 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 S45 S55 H2 H12 H22 1985 X NOx 1991 2008 CO2 2013 1986 GHG 2005 NOx NOx 2005 1988 SOx 2008 DE 7 1 DF 2 3 SI SD DP ARES es i Gip Pl HCC 1 JI 2 DF PGi DF A
230. 11 1 G16CM34 BMEP 16bar 445 5 46 7 O 11 1 CAT G16CM34 9 2001 ARES ARES Advanced Reciprocating Engine System 50 NOx 32ppm 0O 0 2003 ARES 1 6G3520C x 170mm x 190mm 20 2000kW 1500rpm BMEP 18 5bar 412
231. LNG NOx 2 2 KDF IL40 45 1
232. DF 1980 2 MC GI 8 MAN ME GI MC GI BOG LNG ME GI CO 30 LNG Double Eco MAX 2007 9
233. LNG FBO DF 4 1 2 LNG 3 4 4 DF 2 DF LNG 4 DF 2 BOG LNG
234. NOx NOx MAN B amp W MAN Diesel amp Turbo MAN B amp W 2 8 1 4 MC GI GIDE Gas Injection Diesel Engine MAN B amp W 2 MC GI 1 83 MC GI 2 811
235. 1912 45 1920 9 1925 1933 8 4 7 5 1 6
236. 117 ZHX GtlLean urn1 1 Stoichiometric rgl tr nk GT mlrm Borestroke 13 1 EOrmm Knockngl 00 MEP 1 23MPa 1000rpm BMEP 0 85MPa 1535rpm PCG Open Chamber A Open Chamber Three way catalytic conwverter 118 Pa Inlgt utlgt 1 PET WV FRimax 20 FH IT BTDC 30degCA 10 11 t 45 IT BTDC 30 40dggCA tL 60 70 nh E 1600 1 1 en 1 1 1 C PC Volume 1 095 se IT BTODC a B00 Fr W H 400 _ LH WV Ras bY 1 0 1 1 Excess Air Ratio 7 6 NOx Pmax COV Coeficient of Variation 0 1 1 0 5 x 10 1 x 10
237. 121 59 2 P46 55 2 128 61 6 P25 35 3 26 11 62 10 P44 46 4 B amp W 23 12 63 12 P11 19 5 167 11 6 P13 18 6 40MW 155 7 6 P34 43 7 26 4 7 P326 330 8 100 20 3 P356 140 weiwsmm 9 7
238. 8 1 8 1 4 tmm x mm kW rpm kgf cm MPa 20 4 20 1 X 420 x 350 630C 8 3 1 2
239. SOGAV SOGAV 5kgf cm 3 RPM hatanatlan In Pulse iut to Cer Alr ay Actuaktor OGAV SOGAV 7 1 SOGAV DC ON OFF SOGAV In Pulse In Pulse ON OFF In Pulse In Pulse
240. 22AG 10 20 30 Iq nition Dewvice a ET CE Ta eh a gt A EE EE EE 9 16 22AG 9 Vol 17 2012 August lt 35 8L22AG 918 22AGn 0 9 1 0 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 9 17 9 18 8L22AG 4 22AG CO CO
241. 28AG IHI IHI CFD 47 6 78 1 2 28AG 22AG
242. 2006 10 6 10 77 DF Figure Steam turhine propulsion 10 6 Vol 17 2012 August DF 13 3 40 S0 ww amp Figure 7 Dual fuel electric machinery 10 7 4 1 Wartsila 32 46 4 GT DF 1987 62 32GD 410kW cyl 1991 3 46GD 975kW cyl GI 350bar
243. 1 Wi esp Tex AH 5 KE Tex 3 UU reyes RT 189 NR 300 Fmax 140 ur es Eh 120 Nx al es IO a a x gD EE EE TE i 2000 N Fa Mt 16 EE 2 14 IL_ _1 12 a i 1 19 B 100 2050 5 ES 1950 190D EE 8 3 4 5 B 7 MW 8 16 8 16 A NOx 8 1 6 GI 1994 6 7 2
244. 1 1 0 03CC 45 4 3 4 9 3
245. 30 12 1 2 1986 61 NOx Vol 17 2012 August 300 5000kW 7 2 2 NOx
246. B NOx NOx C NOx D NOx E NOx NOx 7 4 3
247. 2000 LNG KVGS 12G4 2650kW KVGS 16G4 3535kW 2002 KVGS G4 221kW cyl 44 7 45 0 LNG 3 4 2007 1 5 2006 2010 2011 KVGS G4 C26 33 270kW cylL B35 40 440kW cylL 48 49 10 1 10 1 Bergen C26 33 B35 40
248. 6 150mm 175mm 2 NOx 1 8 7 23 7 24 7 23 3 5
249. ECP ECP 925 MD20G 36G TODS _ Dd a 6 A 9 6 1 YU 9 25 9 CFD 1MD36GX
250. 1 200 1 250 32 1 5 1 106 1 2 3 4 5 22ACG 26HXG 167 11 6 P13 18 LEMA 492 20 7 P51 58 KU30GA 38 4 13 7 Vol 17 2012 August 6 7 8 9 10 11 P203 L22AG 191 19 6 P22 4
251. 12VMG27 5E HG19 145PS 580PS MG23C 975PS 1300PS PA4V 1000PS 2250PS G32X 1650PS 4950PS 1983 58 5 18 145PS 4950PS MM ee 3
252. 3 1 1 Huyghens 1680 Deni Papin 1690
253. 3 2 2 3 1 3 _ 1794 Robert Street 1816 Stirling Regenerator CH 1820 Cecil
254. 35 6 29 PC2 5DF 1988 63 1996 H8 8 6 1960 35 DF 113 114 7 1 PS rpm 6HG19 1200 x mm kgf cm 190 x 225 11 4 iePAVIR5 250 185 x 210 mt Wo mm mw my megsx so mm mw w a em we e mxmml m pm wet eu w mm mm DF SG 1960
255. DNV Det Norske Veritas 10 5 LNG GLUTRA LNG LNG 2003 15 12 GS16R 900kW 1500rpm x 2 LNG BOG x 2 7 a i ES 10 5 LNG GLUTRA 3 Rolls Royce Bergen Bergen 1999 Rolls Royce
256. kgf cm2 2 979 6 596 F N Y D M ME K 1908 CAT Caterpillar Jenb Jenbacher MAN MAN Diesel amp Turbo War Wartsila R R BB Rolls Royce Bergen HHI BMEP kgf cm 96 _ 1700 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 M3 1880 M13 1890 M23 1900 M33 DF Dual Fuel TF Tri Fuel A LB GI Mi 178 Vol 17 2012 August 1910 M43 1 2 1910 M43 1920 T9 1930 S5
257. P Gea al 4 Lr rH er a F Il TTP h 8 7 2 2 6L35MCE GI GI 6 1 GIT 0 5 GI 88 2 140 i 129 To 60 8 GE 100 0 10 7 90 1 g fiomg FO Gas FO Gas lt Om 130 125 120 50 G0 70 80 90 100 Load 8 8
258. kecai PS h EE EE I I 50 100 150 200 250 PS 7 19 GS6A2 PTK GS6A2 PTK 4 6x 150 x 160 1000 50Hz CS eT EE EE 5 5 1 125 150 kW a 5 75 100 7Z20 FF 5 103kW 103kW 1988 63 1 2 7 21
259. Samuel Brown 10 2 3 3 9 92 3 3
260. kW cyl 450435 950 750 720 500 514 rpm bar 20 195 kgfcm x m sec 202 196 198 197 50Hz 60Hz 6 MAN Diesel amp Turbo 1840 MAN 1979 2 B amp W Burmeister amp Wain MAN B amp W Diesel 2010 MAN Diesel amp Turbo 2007 48 60B 51 60DF L 2009 LNG V 2008 DF 3 NOx 2
261. 20 2 180 LNG 2011 23 10 Vol 17 2012 August 55 2020 100 LNG BOG 4 DF 2 BOG DF LNG Wartsila 50DF LNG 20 500mm 4
262. oniasdeisa etude 13 178 7 1820 1860 1920 1930 1960 1990 LNG
263. 6 6MD36G 2800kW 2006 18 11 2009 21 2 2006 18 11 2008 6 3 000 DSS Daily Start and Stop
264. 200ppm 1 5 1 10 50 CFD 1980 LNG IMO
265. 4 RND76 2 32GD 1987 DF DF 46GD 1991 Jenb 1958 War SEMT Sulzer 197 0 TF G3400 G3500 CAT 1985 17 7 11 6 20 4 RO 44 646 6 1950 S25 1960 S35 1970 S45 1980 S55 1990 2000 2010 H2 H12 H22 2008 NOx 1991 GHG 2005 NOx 2005 CO SOx 2008 2013 HCCI E E TCS 2 PGI 26HX G 22AG 2001 KG V Mi 33CX G 28AG Mi 2006 VTA N 1990 N K 2010 NHLG ST AYG20L Mi Y 1992 Y 2003 GSA GSR GSR 2000 M 1993 GSR KU30G 2002 GSR2 M 1990 2004 M 8L42MB G KU30GA 2002 GI ME KU30GA Mi 2004 1992 K
266. i a a es 714 EN EE a A ne MI lA Tilm ERE EE 7 9 000 7 16 1 Ll 2000 a 8 1800m 7 5 3 NHLG 1992 4 NHLG NOx 200ppm 0 0 mae 1 37 3 717 NHLG ST 6 8 12 16 6 16 74 tex q MJ kwh
267. i 44 3 0 NN MS 44 4 6 i M 0 0 3 6 7 10 55 DSR ER RE RE ues 13 10 5 8 12 4 30 y 15 2 NR 9 18 7 10 nN 140 i 10 1 T gt mn a 0 oe 74
268. 1918 1920 vw _ 9 5 4 A vo TN RC RE RR ec SE RE _ 4 La hb q ts _ a 4 ec 7 lt RR a gt SN Mo 1 0 9 A nC DS 1930 1930 O 3 2 3
269. I E e 250 8 200 ea 2 1 150 1 NN 8 100 a 1 50 i ss 0 i 0 20 10 30 0 10 20 crank angle deg 0 TDC 9 4 BMEP 1 1MPa 1 5MPa 36 38 43 13 155mm 1500rpm 9 1 6NHLM ST AYG 95 AYG20L ST 9 1 6 NHLM ST AYG GNHLM ST AAYG20L ST AYG40L SE 2 min 50Hz 1500 kW 9 5 AYG20L ST 9 5 9 5 1 GS R GSR
270. 1 1 0 0 65 043 0 44 1896 29 3 1900 5 1 1 1889 22 1
271. 2 I Pa 3 FF 1 HP 4 10 PA5L DF 10 DF 70 80 DF 2
272. 2007 15 4 2010 20 6 72 2 1990 2
273. deg 8 20 819 2 821 2 Vol 17 2012 August rt 8 21 822
274. m LNG 40000 50000 Sulzer 163 164 1968 43 2 DF 760mm 1550mm 119rpm 104 3 kg cm BMEP 8 5kg cm 2 8 5kg cm 4 2 17kg cm 6 RND76 DF 9000 119rpm BMEP 8kg cm 1972 47 900mm 1550mm 7RNMD90 DF 2
275. BMEP 0 92MPa Ilgmition Timing 20 26BTDC Charge Air Temp 60 5C 7 7 COV Pmax Pcom 6 NOx NOx 7 78 Increase POC Valume Excess Air Ratio gt Inmerease 7 8 A NOx
276. 1 4 1 P87 93 160kW 26 4 7 P306 310 103kW 26 4 7 P301 305 34 4 9 7 P276 279 KU30G 28 1 3 1 P77 NOx 30 5 5 9 P471 30 8 12 P130 131 P180 182 12Y 130 9
277. O 0 42
278. 1 2 DE 1960 DF NOx NOx 2000ppm BMEP 8 10kgf cm
279. 1993 5 5 2 KU30G 2300 3400kW 1990 2 4 KU30 KU30G Vol 17 2012 August ce Hf EP ba j B Pp _ ee ae 7 28 KU30G 1 7 28 KU30G KU30G NOx 200ppm 40 5
280. 30 40 50 5 1 42 50 1 LF a Ti Im A i TT ml rT Ey ee LT 1 3 rn En 1 1 T L 1 1 TT 2 F _ 1 i F EE EE dd i 1 1 1 J _ FPW a SE Ca Co a i 1 WE 7 EN ps 52 41 1908 41 2 1 1 3
281. 6 MAN B amp W GI GI LNG LNG GT LNG
282. 7 14 lr i esa 2 8 a SE 8 _ MK Fu mr DA 35 20 2 2 Amain Ao 7 15 9 7 17 123 124 7 4 NHLG ST 165 x 185 mm x mm I6NHLG ST 440Z520 1180 1350 rpm kgf cm 50Hz 60Hz 7 6 4 4
283. Injector 9 12 9 3 913 20 0 3 Er _ 5 Eo2 O 10 F EE 0 0 0 50 8 NOx Thermal fficiency mmdN O02 596 EMEF MiPa 1 1 a 1 Combuston meathod Carmbustion melhod 9 13 9 C COV Pmax B 4 5000 10000 BMEP
284. 0 1994 10 P143 199 22 2 P19 PA5L DF 11 5 7 1868 1867 4 1876 1882 15
285. 0300bhp 122rpm 14000bhp 122rpm 1973 LNG VENATOR BOG DF LNG 1997 9 Wartsila Wartsila NSD NSD New Sulzer Diesel 2000 Wartsila 10 4 Sulzer 2 DF 8 1978 53 2 GI 2 250kgf cm Vol 17 2012 August GI 1984 59 1994
286. 2 S E M T Pielstick 4 SE M T Pielstick MAN Diesel amp Turbo France 1960 PC2 400mm 460mm 1974 49 COLT Fairbanks Morse 12PC2 3DE 15 1989 61 930 4130 IHI JEE JFE 1973 SE MT PA5 DF 1984 59 2003 15
287. 395 7 7 KU30G 18 7 7 18KU30G 18RKU30G 34 18 x 300 x 380 mm x mm a 1990 2 NOx tp ui 1983 58 160mm 220mm 150PS 1900PS G ES 7 9 5kgf cm 65 84 32 1 F
288. 4SG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 enbacher New high efficiency high speed gas engine in the 3MW class CIMAC 1998 enbacher Miller Cycle Efficiency Potentials for Gas Engines CIMAC 2004 Paper No 197 enbacher The gas engine of the future innovative combustion and high compress1on ratios for highest efficiencies CIMAC 2010 Paper No 312 MWM Thermodynamic Optimization of three Gas Engine Families for Higher Efficiency CIMAC 2010 Paper No 126 Hyundai Heavy Industries The frst new gas engine to come from Korea CIMAC 2007 Paper No 278 Hyundai Heavy Industries Development of High Efficient Gas Engine H35 40G CIMAC 2010 Paper No 241 DENSO Development of Pre chamber Spark Plug for Gas Engine CIMAC 2010 Paper No 182 Caterpillar
289. EC I Reni 7 5 1 LPG 1967 42 A LPG DF 1964 39 LPG LPG A LPG DF LPG RA
290. G 6 1 4 L V42M 1978 53 4 450mm 500mm Pmax 130bar 160bar 20bar 23bar 625kW 800kW 28 8 14 8 1 3 2
291. RES 181 17 G4 2015 8 20 110 8718 7 20 TEL 03 3822 0111
292. T19 30C RI 2 a i tmm x mm 1 ON ef 0S HGmm Oa 4 a Te ws pg ls ri gt 1 i i TT 1 fl 1 2 WF PE 8 18 UEC 2 2 MAN B amp W MC 2 2 8 18
293. U30GSI Mi 2008 6NHLM ST M M Y 6MD20G Mi 1999 ME 2005 6MD36G Mi ME D 2008 6GK28G Mi D 2007 KG Mi K 2007 GSR LB M 2000 2003 10 9 10 7 18 6 gt 21 4 15 21 lt 23 12 4 15 34 2 37 6 41 49 42 O45 43 40 41 8 32 40DF 51 60DF 2007 J624 2010 1997 32 40PGI 2006 J920 2011 28 32Si 51 60G 2009 GE Jenb 1998 MAN B35 40 2010 MAN 34SG 2000 50SG C26 33 2011 32DF 1997 2001 Wa R R B 50DF 1999 r War KVGS R R B 2002 G3600 TCG2020 H35 40G CAT 1991 MWM 2009 HHI 2010 G16CM34 2000 G3520C 2003 CAT H17 24G HHI 2007 19 4 15 5 20 3 16 6 22g 204 18 7 21 2 47 5 43 2 42 7 47 407 458 48 7 1990 H2 2000 H12 2010 H22 179 13 2 S15 S25 S35 2 LNG 1960 QA
294. curred when large oilfields were discovered in the Middle East in the 1950s and when dual fuel DF engines capable of burning both liquid fuel and gas fuel were invented in the 1960s for effective utilization of natural gas emitted from the oilfields In 1959 an LNG tanker was constructed for trial purposes Subsequently natural gas became available throughout the world gas engine and DF engines became common again In 1986 deregulation of electric power began in earnest Corporations which placed importance on cost reduction employed various prime movers as key equipment for cogeneration combined heat and power However adoption of gas engines which are inferior to diesel engines in terms of thermal efficiency was limited to large cities and peripheral areas where NOx regulations are Stringent When environmental protection measures Were Strengthened environmentally friendly gas engines attracted attention From around 2000 engine manufacturers Continued their technical development energetically advancing the Drogression Of this movement The proposition of technical develoDpment is pursuit of environmental protection and economic efficiency engendered many new technologies including the practical application of lean combDustion in the development stage realization of a micro pilot ignition method adoption of the Miller cycle development of knock suppression technology and pplication of electronic control technology As gn indication of this p
295. e Its efficiency was Only about 49 due to the non compreSsion system However this engine was accepted with good reputation Decause Of its very smooth ODeration and SO It was used in VarIOUS sectors In 1876 Nicholas Otto Germany invented a four cycle gas engine jointly with Daimler and others and succeeded in IitS practical application The thermal efficiency of this engine was improved to about 1496 Gas engines then established a definite DreSence and Decame widely used throughout the world As described earlier gas engines entered their heyday gas engines as DOwerful as 3000 horsepower Were DrOduced in the 1910s When World Warl ended 1918 gas engines position as the Drincipal prime mover was supplanted by gasaline engines and diesel engines which are easily handled as portable Dower and which use liquid fuel Gas engines almost disappeared in the 1930s Incidentally gasoline engines Were Dut into practical use by Daimler in 1883 and the diesel engine was invented by Rudolf Diesel Germany in 1893 It was put into practical use in 1897 by him In Japan gas engines Were imported for the first time in 1882 Meiji 15 After suction gas generatorS became popular gas engines Were used extensively in local factories where no electricity was available and were used for DrODulsion Of small vessels Many small sized gas Imovers and gas engines played active roles nationwide until the outDbreak of war in the Pacific Revival of the gas engine oc
296. rogress gas engines thermal efficliency and output re Improved to a level compatible with those of diesel engines NOx reduction is also accomplished Gas engines have undergone remarkaDble growth as key equipment for use in cogeneration In recent yearS gas engines gnd DF engines Durning LNG and natural gas have Deen developed even In the marine engine field They have been employed as the main engines of northern European ferries and LNG tankers BecauSse of changes in social circumstances gas engineS Were Once forgotten by the world They later made a Comeback after World War Il and are currently attracting the attention of people who are actively concerned with the global environmental protection movement All domestic and foreign manufacturers have COntinued to concentrate on the development of high performance gas engines ThiS paper summarizes the results of systematic survey of gas engin e related technical developments promoted by Japanese engine manufacturers Since 1980 Showa 55 Profile Contents Ll a a 0 ee SE ee 85 86 3 ww w 9d0 5 4 98
297. und 1820 In fact it was the prime mover which provided the most remarkable service throughout the world during the 19108 However armid calls for global environmental protection such as air DOllution prevention and global warming prevention gaS engines have been highlighted again recently as environmentally friendly prime movers that use natural gas a clean energy SOUTCG The Drime mover Dut into practical use for the first time was a steam engine invented in the UK in 171 It was greatly appreciated for use for pumps that pumped water from the coal mines and it is said that horses that had Deen used up to then were set free Nevertheless cylinder walls needed to be cooled when steam was Condensed by water the eventual thermal efficiency of the steam engines rermained as low as 196 Although steam engines Were used widely after the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the 1760s improvement of efficiency was SOught subsequently and James Watt UK apDeared on the scene to invent a condenser which improved efficiency up to 5 In 1 79 a coal gas production method was invented in UK and then gas engines Were devised The gas engine produced in 1823 was gn exDlosion Vacuum engine similar to steam engines gt an early stage Its thermal efficiency was about 10 Dut this gas engine was unable to overtake steam engines from the perspective of reliaDility In 1860 Renoir France invented a double acting and electric ignition type gas engin
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