海洋観測ガイドライン 第七巻 Underway
Contents
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64. 1999 p21 73 2004 p21 26 2006 JARE 50 3 304 316 Allison I R E Brandt and S G Warren 1993 East Antarctic sea ice albedo thickness distribution and snow cover Journal of Geophysical Research 98 C7 12 417 12 429 Brandt R E S G Warren A P Worby T C Grenfell 2005 Surface albedo of the Antarctic sea ice zone Journal of Climate 18 3606 3622 Buynitskiy V K 1967 Structure principal properties and strength of Antarctic sea ice Sov Antarct Exped Inform Bull 65 504 510 Dierking W 1995 Laser profiling of the ice surface topography during the Winter Weddell Gyre Study 1992 Journal of Geophysical Research 100 C3 4807 4820 Haas C 1998 Evaluation
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93. Vol 7Chap 2015 G705JP 001 037 G705JP 26 Grounded ice k Stranded ice EEKE Grounded hummock Drift ice Pack ice 7 10 Drift ice Pack ice Pancake ice 30 cm 3 m 10 cm
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104. 1 Ocean Suveyor ADCP Teledyne RD Instruments http www rdinstruments com surveyor aspx 2 Firing E and J M Hummon 2010 Shipboard ADCP measurements The GO SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual A Collection of expart reports and guidelines IOCP Report 14 ICPO Publication Series 134 WinADCP Teledyne RD Instruments UHDAS University of Hawaii http currents soest hawaii edu uhdas fromships html Joyce T M 1989 On in situ Calibration of Shipboard ADCPs J Atmos Oceanic Technol 6 169 172 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ocean Observer ADCP Teledyne RD Instruments http www rdinstruments com observer aspx TEOS 10 http www teos 10 org VMDAS Teledyne RD Instruments ee c Vol 7 Chap 2 ADCP OWARE 2015 G702JP 001 004 ART HEE SE HEA
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182. 5 1 10 E X Lm Z Cirrus Ci CH Cirrocumulus Cc 3 8 km 5 13 km 6 18 km Cirrostratus Cs Altocumulus Ac CM Altostratus As 2 4 km 2 7 km 2 8 km Nimbostratus Ns As Ns mS Stratocumulus Sc CL m S Stratus St z Cumulus Cu 2 km 2 km 2 km Cumulonimbus Cb ICu Cb WMO 10 CF
183. Copin Montegut 1988 1989 7 2 6 ZEE D BL ERIE xCOosea DHA P pH2Osea KU pCOosea DD GX 1 0 xCOosea Copin Montegut C 1988 A new formula for the effect of temperature on the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater Marine Chemistry 25 29 37 doi 10 1016 0304 4203 88 900 12 6 Copin Montegut C 1989 A new formula for the effect of temperature on the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater Corrigendum Marine Chemistry 27 143 144 Takahashi T Olafsson J Goddard J G Chipman D W amp Sutherland S C 1993 Seasonal variation of CO2 and nutrients in the high latitude surface oceans A comparative study Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7 4 843 878 doi 10 1029 93GB02263 Weiss R F amp Price B A 1980 Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater Marine Chemistry 8 4 347 359 doi 10 1016 0304 4203 80 90024 9 Vol 7 Chap 1 pCO OHEAK it 2015 G701JP 001 007 E DUMMY G702JP 1 ADCP Ont
184. EC Al i i Jm 100 JE amp 30 50m Im 5m LIL L XE BH Rik il f IX 20m 6 d 5 BC SE ya E E K 10 3 0000000 1 HHHH Level ice 2 Def orned ice Rafted ice T X BR Ridge Ds Ridged ice
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186. 1 a 0 5 1 VC WETS FE 2 3 1 121
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193. 8 SHE amp dv 58 7 EY X SEV 30 4 4 1 i 0 2 0 3 L BAFTA T 0 6 1 2 5 3 4 13 9
194. A N 102 10 3 m km PIG De 7 Crack cm 1m Tide crack a Flaw BNF fl 50m v B Very small fracture
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207. 2 3 10 49 5 50 7 1 17 1 26 1
208. 5 10 Vol 7 Chap 2 ADCP ORRA 2015 G702JP 001 004 G702JP 3 4 ADCP up ve GPS u v ADCP gt TURIS OD S BRE B Us f up cosa vy sina H v B upsina vp cosa
209. S Creal Lcorrected Laacp C adcp ar La 7 X Creal ze 3 ELS Crea 4 2 Vol 7 Chap 2 ADCP ORRA 2015 G702JP 001 004 G702JP 4 ADCP e GPS e AE U lt tt ADCP
210. Allison et al 1993 Brandt et al 2005 3 3 SON 9 11 DJF 12 2 Brandt et al 2005 Thin snow 3 cm Thick snow gt 3 cm T No snow Clear Cloudy Clear Cloudy Ice thickness Ice type cm Clear Cloudy SON DJF SON DJF SON DJF SON DJF Open water 0 0 07 0 07 Grease 1 0 09 0 09 Nilas lt 10 0 14 0 16 0 42 0 39 0 45 0 42 Young grey ice 10 15 0 25 0 27 0 55 0 51 0 59 0 56 0 72 0 67 0 76 0 72 Young grey white ice 15 30 0 32 0 34 0 64 0 59 0 68 0 64 0 76 0 70 0 81 0 76 First year ice lt 0 7 m 30 70 0 41 0 45 0 74 0 69 0 79 0 74 0 81 0 75 0 87 0 82 First year ice gt 0 7 m gt 70 0 49 0 54 0 81 0 75 0 87 0 82 0 81 0 75 0 87 0 82
211. 0 0 0 HHHHHHHH See ies Nea 1 GMDSS FAX
212. Frazi1 ice Grease ice 2 E Slush ud AA L YK Shuga cm 2 O00 Nias
213. 1 hPa 1 10 1 c c il gm c n zh E Rt
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232. 4 O5 2 3 4 6 4 5 5 7 E
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237. 0 10 0 10 1 0 10 10 1 A 39 5 ZOU 1 2
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239. 2 O0000 0 thaw holes 3 O O00 Dried ice 4 00000 Rotten i ce 5 0 0 0 Flooded i ce oF HHHHHH 1 000 Fast ice d OKT BEL OK REICHEL CUTS 98 v 100km 10 A KL o i 2m Young coastal ice T 2K Hil Icefoot
240. 9k E Hummock rng o R 0 Ho TURRE RIZ 7g o T OK Hummocked ice 3 0000 Bare ice Wd O AROK 4 0 0 0 Snow covered ice 00 0 0 HHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHH 0000 1 0 0 O Concentrati on bHOKHICML COPOKIK BON CWSMRAHO FO 549 Se 1L0DMERCHRLEBO 2 OKRA COK 2395 amp LC v SEAW ERT Total concentration Partial concentration Compact ice
241. Ci Ci 32K d 2S LO ll ae Ci EE E Ci 42 eb Cio f amp lX X
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248. 7 1 7 2 7 1 7 1 1
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251. 32 3 32 4 7 10 6 1 2 7 1 8 1 12 6 4 7 2 8
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258. TI 13 UO HHHHHHHHHHH UO 0 HHHHHH
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260. 2 3 3 A 10 20 Worby and Allison 1991 Worby et al 1996
261. 5 2 3 0 0 0 HHHHHH 1 WAE 10
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267. 45 5 EDRN ERTE BE Cy 8 Cu 9 ASR TR M 67 68 X TEX OH 6 6 6 1 pu
268. 2000 OP Worby and Eicken 2009 E 2008 FE World Climate Research Programme WCRP Climate and Cryosphere CliC ASPeCt
269. 3 9 3 10 3 9 21 3 2 2
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271. 25 4 5 0 95 50 27 o gt ow up 3 4 6 10 C C C 4 7
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273. 86 9 3 e ce eee ee eee eee eee eens 86 9 4 cca 90 10 ce ce eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eens 93H 10 1 i 93 10 2 97 11 ee 105 11 1 105 11 2 106 12 Xie RS NR NA RN RR A NR a a A ARE RA Kat 1098 12 1 a a Re a Sp M ee Rea 1 109 12 2 Paar ee te a CE e Rr IE S S e ae et a WRT RE ERR CR LE 111 13 Cl I ARM 115H 13 1 PC 6 4 0 e eie eles o6 9 a a lee 908 7 RE NR AAR cn 4 RA 409 909 9 RNR BCE 115 13 2 ee 115 13 3 ee 116 1 1
274. 4 3 2 2 ADCP 3 4 GPS 3 ADCP
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276. 2 3 4 17 1 26 1 6 1 2 7 1 5
277. 2 12 1 3 12 2 1 6 4 7 1 5 27 101 1 3 6 1
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286. ELEKE secondary ice type WMO 1970 1 2 2 2 1 EK BEE ENTE FB EE Ud dh C vb Z FRR YK CH DIVE TECH Db OLE CH 0 0 10 95 99 10 1 small cracks 0 no openings 3 3 3
287. I ES ES E D if WMO UO HHHHHHH 5 C fa 3 C UNS 1 AHA T mono ROMAE SEX OCA HI SELL EE R 2 3 n au BK 1 4 5 9 1 4
288. 5cm 5cm 3 WMO lt 3 1cm lem 5cm 6cm 12cm gt 12cm 107 11 108 12 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
289. 1 t 1 A 1 S 100 0 1 0 1 FA by HUE ONERE EO
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301. Cc Cc Ci Cs a BE Ci UV EZ 2 DR ZBRAL AFT Cc Ci Cs ZH HH 3 Cs in yi LOE AH ux Du 43 AcOEMBDLaS lt Rot CxkKVusTana Cc Ac a 4
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304. 1 1013 25hPa CX ARIE BE hPa e hPa tC t C P hPa 18 E A 0 50 0 44 1 E t 2 A 0 0 hPa
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311. Soft rime wv Rime 2C 10 Hard rime L Glaze 0 0 Clear ice 0 Ik BHI HSKDMR SHA Freezing I BEL 5d Spout
312. 3g KR 3 ffi Meteorological Organization 4 5 2 2 1 Beet 45 7 9 H 1970 gt c E WMO World
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315. ROHL OKE OKOK S RAER HEDA L JES ZR Worby and Allison 1999 9 2 2 2 3 E 2 3 3 2 3 4 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
316. Small fracture 50 200m Hl n O 2 47 A Medium fracture 200 500m gt Hl Large fracture 500m 2 HHH Fracture zone 3 0 0 Lead Wok EOC WNifr AT AE Ze El H X 38 PS Shore lead Flaw lead 4 0 0 Pol ynya Shore polynya T Flaw polynya 7 Fe BLK Recurring polynya HHIHHHHHHHHHHH 1 0 0 Water sky 2 00 Ice blink 103 10 3
317. X Uu E xx BUA JG BEZ MEKK BE wl A3 X Int Vol 1 Chap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Chap 6 Vol 2 Chap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Vol 3 C
318. ll O 0 LOK BE Ice front 3 000000000 Calved ice of land origin CX 3K lli Iceberg IU se qe T JK ITK Do Glacier berg 7 REIR 2 p 2 53R 0 tH LC v SK LU BE 0 X f amp 6 kk CA Ice island Tabular berg ceberg tongue 1 000m 500km H Bergy bi 3 100m 300m C 25 AK Growler Hr ok a J 1 5m H 2 0 X x TEKH 5m my ae
319. 120 13 A 1 EE
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326. multi year ice Fast ice m 100 km 2m Young coastal ice m 100 200 m Icefoot Anchor ice
327. 3 f X d 4C 3 C 8m s 6C
328. ICE TYPE T OTHER ICE TYPE THIN OT OTHER ICE TYPE THICK TH Beas ousvu news Young Grey ice 10 15cm Young Grey ice 15 30cm RIDGE HEIGHT RH First Year 70cm To nearest half meter 2 First Year 70 120cm First Year 120cm TOPO FEATURE OLD Second Year TOPO FEATURE CONSOLIDATED Multiyear TOPO FEATURE SNOW COVERED Brash Yes True No False Wohl 7 Chap 5 2015 G705JP 001 037 4 ASSIST 2 state of sky as a whole unchanged Clouds forming or developing 10 13 Mist and Shallow Fog UJ 010 Mist Visibility 1 2 nm or more 011 Shallow fog in patches 012 Shallow fog more or less continuous 14 16 Precipitation not at ship 014 Precipitation in sight not reaching surface 015 Precipitation beyond 3nm reaching surface 016 Precipitation within 3nm reaching surface 20 29 Past Hour but NOT at Ob Drizzle not freezing or snow grains 2 Rain not freezing or snow grains Snow not freezing or snow grains 2 Rain and snow or ice pellets Drizzle or rain freezing Showers of rain Showers of snow or of rain and snow Showers of hail or of rain and hail 2 Fog in past hour not at present Thunderstorm with or without precip 36 39 Unique Snow Conditions 036 Drifting snow below eye level slight moderate 037 Drifting snow below eye level heavy 038
329. ROWN P Cu Cc CiCs ssd PFS os A bil iab Db tt BU Cis HEM Ci 2 Gi Ci Cs x rive DU A cL bre CI gt 3 ers m Af es E lt Re i Ci Ci ig atl Cb 45 EL EIZIZIE 2 2 C 5 Cs 1x SN Ge gt i ee 5 3 Cu 57 58 5 EDRN p e gt J t et 4 AN gr 1 Cu 1 yh d Ci 2 Ci 3 59 5 EDRN Ci 4
330. Wf SER A A Bs e eS A E A amp 1km 0 5 km 0 5 km p 1 km mov fk K aie 0 zd 1 2 J 2 0 2 He z3 E a WE 0 2 0 2 T RE HRB LAL 1 77 7 7 2 7 2 1
331. 0 1 2 4 6 0 2 0 3 33 4 34 3 7 10 0 6 1 4 11 16 1 1 5 5 17 21 2 2 5 4 35 6 22 27 3 4 7 28 33 4 5 5 8 34 40 5 5 7 5 4 36 9 41 47 7 10 10 48 55 9 12 5 11 56 63 11 5 16 4 p 12 64
332. ee ee m 1 0 16 118 r 4 3 r 4 3 Lange and Eicken 1991 Wadhams et al 1987 Dierking 1995 4 Z r 1 0 5RS Z R S B4 sail height Zu Vol 7Chap 2015 G705JP 001 037 Zu 2 3 4 EE AED FILS FOHRB FYE M S2 Ww AM Sea ice rxs G705JP 13 seawater 4 GRE
333. 1 2 3 4 f amp T F Xl 4 XS pay Sk X 7 4 7 5 7 5 a m X TRA ee
334. 1 L r MEN H gL is R C 2n 2 9 2 H L g g 9 81m s2 3 14 C m s L m 2 C 1254L 2 ERAS EK O 1 T sec C 156T 3 L 0 64C 1 56T 4 T 0 80VL 0 64C 5 HHHHHHH
335. 2 1 2 4 rae 6 4 6 ET 7 6 OAI de 8 9 CD SC 9 14 9 2 0 0 1 E 2m 3 4 2m 4m 5 6 7 4m 8 9 2 1 100m 8 0 2 100m 200m 8 1 11 3 3 200m 11 4 RRM WIR MC LE 1H
336. Blowing snow above eye level slight moderate 039 Blowing snow above eye level heavy COMMENTS COMMENTS COMM Observer s comments Fog distance not at ship in past hour Vis may be gt 1 2nm Fog in patches Fog thinning in last hour sky discernable Fog thinning in last hour sky not dicernable gt Fog unchanged in last hour sky discernable z Fog unchanged in last hour sky not discernable Fog beginning thickening in last hour sky discernable 2 Fog beginning thickening in last hour sky not discernable Fog depositing rime sky discernable 2 Fog depositing rime sky not discernable 50 59 Drizzle Slight drizzle intermittent Slight drizzle continuous Moderate drizzle intermittent Moderate drizzle continuous Dense drizzle intermittent Dense drizzle continuous 2 Freezing drizzle slight 2 Freezing drizzle moderate or dense Drizzle and rain slight 2 Drizzle and rain moderate or dense 60 69 Rain NOT Falling as Showers 88328238821 Slight rain intermittent gt Slight rain continuous Moderate rain intermittent Moderate rain continuous gt Heavy rain intermittent Heavy rain continuous 2 Freezing rain slight Freezing rain moderate or heavy Rain or drizzle and snow slight Rain or drizzle and snow moderate heavy G705JP 16 70 79 Solid Precip Not as Showers 072 073 074 075 2 kce prisms with witho
337. e le 2 e lS 8 auIpeoy ON ede SLNAIWINOO gt Q OQ zi O gt ae Q O sz m z a gt lt m 9 T m O O gt m 8 lt Q og Cr m z m m a z e m o Q lt m zZ HHAHHSdO Vol 7Chap 5 2015 G70SJP 001 037 G705JP 10 J FR i 2 ASPeCt DL ICE TYPE ty Frazil Shuga Grease Nilas Pancakes Young grey ice 0 1 0 15 m Young grey white ice 0 15 0 3 m First year 0 3 0 7 m First year 0 7 1 2 m First year gt 1 2 m Multiyear floes Brash Fast ice ICE CONC c to be expressed in tenths SEA ICE z AND SNOW FLOE SIZE f 100 Pancakes 200 New sheet ice 300 Brash broken ice 400 Cake ice 20 m 500 2000 m 800 Vast floes gt 2000 m TOPOGRAPHY t 100 Level ice 200 Rafted pancakes 300 Cemented pancakes 400 Finger rafting 5xy New unconsolidated ridges no snow 6xy New ridges filled with Snow or a Snow cover 7xy Consolidated ridges no weathering 8xy Older weathered ridges x values 0 10 areal coverage 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 y values 0 5 m av sail height 1 0 m 1 5m 2 0 m 3 0 m 4 0 m 5 0 m SNOW TYPE s No snow observation No snow no ice or brash Cold new snow lt 1 day old Cold old snow
338. 0 0 0000000000 ci 35 pz BE OK BAL COK 9023 PRR LC A BEP zd EOC okstkizop UL KSD 5 5 5 mfi 10 1 11 4 4 10 4 6 10 1 0 5 93 10
339. 2008 NewNls P H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 B Ed 6 2001 2015 ASPeCt a F Frazil ice P Pancake ice N Nilas B Brash ice R1 2 20m R2 20 100m R3 100 500m R4 500m 2km RS gt 2km b New New ice Nls Nilas P Pancake ice B Brash ice H1 10 15 cm H2 15 30 cm H3 30 70 cm H4 70 120 cm H5 gt 120 cm Vol 7Chap 2015 G705JP 001 037 G705JP 19 3 2004 3 1 Et Br
340. 40 99 41 23 41 46 41 70 4194 42 18 30 42 43 42 67 42 92 43 16 43 4 43 66 43 91 44 16 44 42 44 67 31 44 92 45 18 45 44 45 70 45 96 46 22 46 48 46 75 47 01 47 28 32 47 55 47 82 48 09 48 36 48 63 48 91 49 19 49 46 49 74 50 02 33 50 30 50 59 50 87 5116 51 44 51 73 52 02 52 31 52 61 52 90 34 53 20 53 49 53 79 54 09 54 39 54 70 55 00 55 31 55 61 55 92 35 56 23 56 55 56 86 57 17 57 49 57 81 58 13 58 45 58 77 59 09 36 59 42 59 75 60 07 60 40 60 74 61 07 61 40 6174 62 08 62 42 37 62 76 63 10 63 45 63 79 64 14 64 49 64 84 65 19 65 55 65 90 38 66 26 66 62 66 98 67 34 67 71 68 07 68 44 6068 81 69 18 69 56 39 69 93 70 31 70 68 7106 71 45 71 83 72 22 72 60 72 99 73 38 40 73 77 74 17 74 56 74 96 75 36 75 76 76 17 76 57 76 98 77 39 41 77 80 78 21 78 63 79 04 79 46 79 88 80 30 80 73 81 15 81 58 42 82 01 82 44 82 88 83 31 83 75 84 19 84 63 85 08 85 52 85 97 43 86 42 86 87 87 32 87 78 88 24 88 70 89 16 89 62 90 09 90 56 44 91 03 91 50 91 98 92 45 92 93 93 41 93 90 94 38 94 87 95 36 45 95 85 96 34 96 84 97 34 97 84 98 34 98 85 99 35 99 86 100 38 46 100 89 101 41 101 92 102 45 102 97 103 49 104 02 104 55 105 08 105 62 47 106 15 106 69 107 24 107 78 108 33 108 87 109 43 109 98 110 54 111 09 48 111 65 112 22 112 78 113 35 113 2 114 49 115 07 115 65 116 23 116 81 49 117 40 117 98 118 57 119 17 119 76 120 36 120 96 121 57 122 17 122 78 50 123 39 124 00 124 62 125 24 125 86 126 48 127 11 127 74 128 37 129 01 hPa hPa
341. 94 9 18 32 2 6 21km Ci Cc X B D 36 38 ww 40 41 Cs 40 41 76 T8 m 7l N VV 38 De 047 06 9 Id WDC Zo js S 307 35 94 1 km 38 39 VV E 42 49 E 9 50 57 m e 58 67 80 82 91 92 qu x 68 69 83 84 93 94 Li e EA m x 70 75 77 78 85 86 a ee ww 93 94 Hx HEHE OE 79 87 88 93 94 A ZIRH BETS E A 89 90 93 94 K 17 95 99 GE ww 64 65 7 3 1 1 Iw 2 ww 80 84 ww 85 86 93 94 ww 3 2 49
342. Cold wind packed snow New melting snow wet new snow Old melting snow Glaze Melt slush Melt puddles Saturated snow waves Sastrugi OPEN WATER No openings Small cracks Very narrow breaks lt 50m Narrow breaks 50 200 m Wide breaks 200 500 m Very wide breaks gt 500 m Lead coastal lead Polynya coastal polynya Water broken only by small scattered floes Open sea 2015 G705JP 001 037 a Vol 7Chap 5 1 G705JP 11 2 3 F BAA ERE BT BIECK A Worby and Allison 1999 0 BEHA E bp 2 3 1 ET EF ER X 0 1 m 10 3
343. L 63 5 BOM Cu 7 2 Cu 8 HE Cu 9 64 5 EDRN Cy 1 Sg iy o Cu 2 mu Cu 3 o 65 5 BOB ae So Ch 4 Ci 5 45 Ci 6 66
344. km 500 km Bergy bit 1 5 m 100 m 300 m Vol 7Chap 2015 G705JP 001 037 G705JP 32 Growler 1 m 20 ms 4 7 EXIZ BI 3 COM OKA Brine
345. 015 G705JP 001 037 G705JP 3 Haas 1998 amp Uto et al 2006 EM instrument Freeboard_ X 1 F VPM Polarstern EM Haas 1998 k 0 2 2 D EXE HEKE Worby and Allison 799 z Z IXREHgQE EMERY CUBS gt RETE TE LL BU 77 9 km 3 3 primary ice type
346. 1 G305JP 001 010 G306JP 001 G307JP 001 G308JP 001 009 G309JP 001 018 y m 2 5 mi Fr BRAT AEB Chap 10 Vol 4 Chap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Chapter 5 1 Chapter 5 2 Chap 6 Chap 7 Chap 8 Chap 9 Vol 5 Chap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Chap 6 Vol 6 Chap 1 Chap 2 Vol 7 Chap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Chap 6 Vol 8 Chap 1 DOC DON DOP T POC ay PN PP
347. 3 1 4 3 T 060 0002 Hh ER Be Se 2 8 2 983 0842 HH ER Be Se 1 3 15 3 540 0008 HH ER Be Ge 4 1 76 4 810 0052 Hh ER Be GE RTE 1 2 36 900 8517 Hh BR Be e 1 15 15 HOO HHHHHHHHHHH OOO U HHHHHHH WAAR E PMO Port Meteorological Officer
348. 45 15 9 C 19 UO HHHHHH 0 0 0 HHHHHH UHHHHHH 1 0C 100Q 2 3 4 2 2 3 83 4 4 2
349. 60 866 5 872 878 884 890 896 903 909 915 9 22 9 28 6 935 941 948 954 9 61 967 974 981 988 9 94 7 10 01 10 08 10 15 1022 10 29 10 36 10 43 10 50 10 58 10 65 8 10 72 10 79 10 87 1094 1102 11 09 11 17 1124 11 32 11 40 9 11 47 11 55 11 68 1171 11 79 11 87 11 95 1203 1211 12 19 10 12 27 1235 12 44 1252 12 60 12 69 12 77 12 86 12 94 13 03 11 13 12 13 21 1229 13 38 13 47 13 56 13 65 13 74 13 8 13 92 12 14 02 1411 1420 1430 14 39 14 49 14 58 1468 14 77 14 87 13 14 97 15 07 15 16 15 26 15 36 15 46 15 57 15 67 15 77 15 87 14 15 98 16 08 16 18 1629 16 40 16 50 16 61 1672 1682 16 93 15 17 04 17 15 17 26 17 37 17 49 17 60 17 71 17 83 17 94 18 06 16 18 17 18 29 18 41 1852 18 64 18 76 18 88 19 00 19 12 19 24 17 19 37 19 49 19 61 19 74 19 86 19 99 20 11 20 24 20 37 20 50 18 20 63 20 76 20 89 2102 21 15 21 29 21 42 2155 21 69 2183 19 21 96 22 10 22 24 22 38 22 52 22 66 22 80 22 94 23 08 23 23 20 23 37 23 52 23 66 23 81 23 96 24 10 24 25 24 40 24 55 24 71 21 24 86 25 01 25 17 25 32 25 48 25 63 25 79 25 95 26 11 26 27 22 26 43 26 59 26 75 26 92 27 08 27 25 27 41 27 58 27 75 27 91 23 28 08 28 25 28 43 28 60 28 77 28 95 29 12 29 30 29 47 29 65 24 29 83 30 01 30 19 30 37 30 55 30 74 30 92 3111 3129 31 48 25 3167 3186 32 05 32 24 32 43 32 62 32 82 33 01 33 21 33 41 26 33 61 33 81 3401 3421 3441 34 601 3482 35 02 35 23 35 44 27 35 65 35 86 36 07 36 28 36 49 36 71 36 92 37 14 37 36 37 57 28 37 79 38 01 38 24 38 46 38 68 38 91 39 14 39 36 39 59 39 82 29 40 05 40 28 40 52 40 75
350. 90 4 5 6 4 1 3 m 3 a 0 0 0 OU 29 4 1 10 1 H 23398 lt 78 o C 6 i A OR
351. E LAW COOKER E Ice front Calvedicel and origin Iceberg 5m Glacier berg FARKI Tabularberg Iceberg tongue Ice island m IES 30 50 m
352. E RR RNR OW RR ON ERIE OR RR EE Rn yal S gH ss yal 3 gu ss ys SS S TER F aul i ul S Er ea c e o cm S gi zs ee ee PP Nuper hee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee e be ee ee ee ee ee ree 7 fH AH 71 7 1 eee ee eee eee ee eee eee hn 71 7 2 78 7 3 rere HII im hh 19 8 IIIA 83H 8 1 4 47 83 8 2 eM M 38 II III hh hh hh 83 8 3 x4 8 hh III mh hh hh htl 84 9 eee RI RII n 85 9 1 85 9 2
353. I ux ul Nu JB Ac Ac Ac ZE E Jg Oo c 8 23 10 23 IE x o 75 f amp X C56 URVY Ac Ac As Ac b Cu DA dE As Ns Cu Cb Ac Ac Cu Cb Ac Ns As
354. ISBN 978 4 908553 06 6 Underway 2015 9 This page left intentionally blank AVES ZEE CORE AREIS EINO R XE DS BOSE OO nu Co XV C330 TEL dS V CORDE To sea suo eI aui a uncertainty e WOCE 5 SI
355. JC004254 Vol 7Chap 2015 G705JP 001 037 DUMMY Vol 1 Vol 2 Vol 3 Vol 4 WIR BE BH Vol5 Vol 6 Vol 7 Vol 8 Vol 9 Vol 10 E SE This page left intentionally blank Underway 2015 9 1 ISBN 978 4 908553 06 6 ISBN 978 4 908553 06 6 ISBN 9784908553066 9 784908 553066
356. O HHHHH ER BE CP as FE S vv 5S n 2 HOU b XH 3 HHHHHHHHHLH BOM SLR DS Fi mR C 1 10 K K C 273 15 CF 0 0 HHHHHHHHH 3 3B FEE VY 4 x BO AR RIED
357. ce thickness distribution across the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Ocean in midwinter Journal of Geophysical Research 92 C13 14 535 14 552 World Meteorological Organization 1970 Sea ice nomenclature Terminology Codes and Illustrated Glossary WMO OMM BMO 259 TP 145 World Meteorological Organization Geneva Switzerland Worby A P and I Allison 1991 Ocean atmosphere energy exchange over thin variable concentration Antarctic pack ice Annals of Glaciology 15 184 190 Worby A P and H Eicken 2009 Ship based ice observation programs In Field techniques for sea ice research edited by H Eicken R Gradinger M Salganek K Shirasawa D Perovich and M Lepparanta 565 pp University of Alaska Press Fairbanks USA Worby A P M O Jeffries W F Weeks K Morris and R Jana 1996 The thickness distribution of sea ice and snow cover during late winter in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas Antarctica Journal of Geophysical Research 101 C12 28 441 28 455 Worby A P and I Allison 1999 A technique for making ship based observations of Antarctic sea ice thickness and characteristics Part I Observational technique and results Res Rep 14 pp 1 23 Antarct Coop Res Cent Univ of Tasmania Australia Worby A P C A Geiger M J Paget M L Van Woert S F Ackley and T L DeLiberty 2008 Thickness distribution of Antarctic sea ice Journal of Geophysical Research 113 C05892 doi 10 1029 2007
358. e cexpectively Unit of mesaucemert ove noted wher meansery No observation 3 recorded as Henk PRIMARY OBSERVER PO SHIP HEADING ShH degrees FAUNA NAME FN ADDITIONAL OBSERVER S AO Nearest degree Common or scientific name Full name Add your name to the menu on first observation SHIP POWER ShP FAUNA COUNT FC OBSERVATION DATE TIME Date Not Specified i Number of reported species YYYY MM DD HH MM SS UTC 9 Z Converts computer time to UTC automatically 1 4 e NOTES note0 note1 amp note2 LATITUDE LAT 12 Observer s notes LONGITUDE LON 3 4 Use these three fields for additional observables you create DDD DDD or DDD MM SS or DD MM MMM Full Converts to decimal degrees automatically TOTAL ICE CONCENTRATION TC Tenths SNOW TYPE sv PARTIAL ICE CONCENTRATION C 00 No snow observation 0 10 01 No snow ice or brash 02 Cold new snow 1 day old 03 Cold old snow 04 Cold wind packed snow New melting snow wet new 06 Old melting snow Glaze 08 Melt slush E i oon Ow Row MF 10 10 10 wo 9 Wo OO Ui b wn oO MELT POND PATTERN MPP 1 Linked 2 Discrete MELT POND SURFACE TYPE MPT 1 Frozen 2 Open 3 Bottom up MELT POND FREEBOARD MPF Water broken only by scattered floes Height of MP freeboard above MP surface Open sea 10 Strips and patches 0 2 ry ss 4 5 6 8 9 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 27 20 8 10 9 10 10 10
359. erstorm E Lightning 8 T 20 km Thunder 7 1 4 7 4 0 1 2 76 7 7 4 VERAT BE 0 0 mm h 3 0 mm h 15 0 mm h 3 0 mm h 5 0 mm h
360. gn RABRS FRAAS BILEG PAPAR ARAN RASIN 288s 888 r ri MANN N N OOGGG OOGGG OSSOS ARORA oo ONON A ntm NOM raro H CO 10 AI OOM N oO gt La Hd QRHRG8 SRSSS BASSO BRASS JEREB BAER BRAN R9939 QJ393885 S888 MANN NN O ANMTN oo ANMTN O oo NMSTN OND HAMN gt cd C m sr iun r o cp oS HANSI SNAAR AANRAK KARAR MAMAR NHRD JALIL 9u99mn I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I a hPa 273 16K log e 1079574 1 2 5028001084 1 50475 x10 10 0 42873 x 107 L T 0 78614 sae 4 76955 T 2 d
361. hPa hPa hPa 0 06 0 06 0 06 006 0 06 0 0 10 0 0 hPa hPa hPa hPa UUUODOOO0O0000000 hPa 0 06 0 06 0 00 0 06 0 06 85888 SSSSS 55888 SSSSS 55888 SSSSS 5858888 SSSSS gt cO ca m S88aa SSSSS m m S88 SSSSS ct S88aa SSSSS m S88aa SSSSS Q OH ode 0 11 0 17 0 21 0 32 0 47 0 11 0 21 0 26 0 26 0 32 0 35 0 35 0 39 0 39 0 43 0 42 0 47 0 22 0 27 012 0 12 0 22 013 013 013 013 013 0 27 015 014 014 014 0 14 016 016 016 016 016 018 018 018 O17 0 20 0 20 0 20 019 019 0 22 024 024 0 24 024 024 0 27 0 30 0 30 0 29 0 29 0 29 0 12 0 20 0 20 0 31 0 30 0 21 0 31 0 21 023 023 023 023 0 2 0 31 026 025 025 025 025 0 28 0 28 0 28 0 28 0 27 0 21 0 31 AACR ASBRR DSG RKR mM tQ Q GG f 6 SSSSS ww rnm co ROD S SSSSS 0 BBESY NOOnRN ODAC m c Q oo oo OO 8888 sag AOAN LO CO CY e e 0001 O r f BS amp SAAN OG dud p 10 st 005 0 OO nu BESAA OG dud nnn HOAN damos Nm m eb Nnor Ondsftoo No mi eb MaMo EETRS Nm nonnm ARLRS Nm f co CN
362. hap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Chap 4 Chap 5 Chap 6 Chap 7 Chap 8 Chap 9 Es F E Jg tos SI GOOS Essential Ocean Variables X 2010 TEOS 10 B H LU GATTE N P Si DIC pH pCO gt AMC 89C G101JP 001 007 G102JP 001 009 G103JP 001 006 G105JP 001 010 G201JP 001 019 G202JP 001 002 G203JP 001 015 G204JP 001 G205JP 001 002 G301JP 001 030 G302JP 001 017 G303JP 001 004 G304JP 00
363. le Snow Leos Snow shower 5 Snowflakes Xo Rain and snow mixed Shower of rain and snow mixed d 5 X Snow pellets GE X4 5m a IFEST RD NS
364. lt CBR HS AK 38 Ice fog Iti D T oh EROR GEL EM 2 30m 30 Mist 1 km 3 75 100 73 7 Drifting and Blowing snow Drifting snow Blowing snow
365. of ship based electromagnetic inductive thickness measurements ofsummer sea ice in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas Antarctica Cold Regions Science and Technology 27 1 16 Hibler W D IIL S J Mock and W B Tucker HI 1974 Classification and variation of sea ice ridging in the western Arctic Basin Journal of Geophysical Research 79 18 2735 2743 Lange M A and H Eicken 1991 The sea ice thickness distribution in the Northwestern Weddell Sea Journal of Geophysical Research 96 C3 4821 4837 Timmermann R A Beckmann and H H Hellmer 2002 Simulations of ice ocean dynamics in the Weddell Sea I Model configuration and validation Journal of Geophysical Research 107 C3 3024 DOI 10 1029 2000JC000741 Toyota T S Takatsuji K Tateyama K Naoki K I Ohshima 2007 Properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the southern Sea of Okhotsk Journal of Oceanography 63 393 411 Vol 7Chap 2015 G705JP 001 037 G705JP 37 Tucker W B III and J W Govoni 1981 Morphological investigations of first year sea ice pressure ridge sails Cold Regions Science and Technology 5 1 12 Uto S T Toyota H Shimoda K Tateyama and K Shirasawa 2006 Ship borne electromagnetic induction sounding of sea ice thickness in the southern Sea of Okhotsk Annals of Glaciology 44 253 260 Wadhams P M A Lange and S F Ackley 1987 The i
366. oo aNSRS No mm sf ARS mo ed e f ORAS mm ei e f NONN O m in O c mm e ei f oN co omms mm mi m f NN Co mm e e f 0 C 50 00 49 48 47 46 45 39 38 37 36 35 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 O 00 r on 4 58 4 93 5 31 4 28 4 25 4 61 4 97 5 35 5 76 5 72 hp ss HHHHHHLH NECANN ANON MEN WBONTDTN Qoo c EOD ANRMAN comm 00 tO 10 m e OO LA La D RSS8SR FNSCGS ASVSSEH muss BLRIR ABASSRR MANANA 3939009 S8955 8838 i ads MMNNN _QQN So cOOGGOGO ccccc CO N tO st in Oo in Ta Q AN mm On ono momamn Honm O0 tO i m ey OO nn NR R98R JAIL NIJSEN NO SRR RYFAA MAANA 89999 8983855 SSSSS i ans OO NNN ANNA CSOSSOSSO N or nit0Oon dor Nn MAMAN ARDOMdH INNAN FADwWMONR LA LO N m8 9 9 RSasy ANSSRA SHSSW SLRBA Te SAR ARAAAN a OOo 88 8 3 i ads SO MMNNN NN HH So o ced ced ced m ced e MANAD RNASE ASBRRK FRADE FBSR ES Z9ig 9 ARRAN ANANA 38885 S80585883 i ads xn NNN NN Addo
367. ut fog 077 078 kce pellets 076 x Slight fall of snow flakes intermittent 071 Moderate fall of snow flakes intermittent Slight fall of snow flakes continuous Moderate fall of snow flakes continuous Heavy fall of snow flakes intermittent Heavy fall of snow flakes continuous Snow grains with without fog isolated star like crystals 80 84 Rain Showers 080 Moderate or heavy rain showers Violent rain showers x Slight showers of rain and snow Val 7Chap 2015 Slight rain showers Slight showers of soft or small hail Moderate heavy showers of soft small hail Slight showers of hail Moderate or heavy showers of hail G705JP 001 037 G705JP 17 2 5 fF BAV EAR HI ASPeCt Worby et al 2008 1981 2005 81 21 10 ASPeCt 5
368. z X 5 2 vy n 123 133 2 3 4 5 2 9
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