SKF Belt Frequency Meter user manual
Contents
1. 2 501 4000 391 261 BV 1 1 275 500 1 740 1134 756 0 223 0 272 1 741 3 001 997 665 276 500 500 1 740 1369 912 1 741 3 001 29 860 8V 315 430 200 850 2933 1 955 0 504 0 654 851 1 500 2 386 1 590 431 570 200 850 3 520 2 346 851 1 500 3 129 2 086 Multiply the belt tension required for a single belt by the number of the belts in the banded belt unit to get total tension to apply Multiply the mass of one belt in a band by the number of the belts in the banded belt unit to get total mass to apply 22 Wrapped and narrow wedge belts Belt type Smallest Speed range Belt tension per Mass pulley diameter single belt New belt Run in Single belt Belt ina belt band from incl from incl mm rpm N N kg m SPZ XP 56 79 1 000 2 500 372 249 0 079 2 501 4 000 288 193 80 95 1 000 2 500 421 281 2 501 4 000 457 304 96 over 1 000 2 500 525 350 2 501 4 000 482 321 SPA XP 71 105 1 000 2 500 633 421 0 122 2 501 4 000 576 384 106 140 1 000 2 500 766 510 2 501 4 000 691 460 141 over 1 000 2 500 959 639 2 501 4 000 964 642 SPB XP 107 159 860 2 500 1076 TIV 0 202 2 501 4 000 1035 690 160 250 860 2 500 1381 GPL 2 501 4 000 1228 818 251 over 860 2 500 1646 1097 2 501 4 000 1403 935 SPC XP 200 355 500 1 740 2229 1485 0 350 1 741 3 000 224 1498 356 over 500 1 740 2536 1691 1741 3 000 2938 1959 3V XP 61 90 1 000 2 500 344 230 0 079 2 501 4 000 301 200 91 175 1 000 2 500 473 316 2 501 4 000 430 28 7 5V XP 171 275 500 1 740 12472. Tap or pluck belt I iE 3 Aim sensor at belt gap 5 to 25 mm N P 3 0 Functions 3 1 Keys ON OFF SPAN m MASS kg m m m m w nm nr oOo This key switches the meter on or off If the meter is on and sits idle for more than 3 minutes it automatically switches off to preserve battery life When the meter Is first switched on a battery check is made see Section 3 4 for a description of the visual and audible low battery signal This key is used to enter the belt span length The span key is held down while the UP or DOWN keys are used to set the belt span in metres Releasing the SPAN key results in an audible beep to indicate the setting has been accepted Pressing the SPAN key alone shows the current setting This key is used to enter the belt mass The mass key is held down while the UP or DOWN keys are used to set the belt mass in kg m Releasing the MASS key results in an audible beep to indicate the setting has been accepted Pressing the MASS key alone shows the current setting Important Note Belt span and belt mass are required entries if tension results in force units N or lbf are desired Entries must be in SI units m and kg m This key has two functions The first is to increase either the SPAN or MASS parameters when used in conjunction with these keys The second use is to toggle between the Hz and the newton measurement modes This key has two functions The first is to decrease e
3. n a 2 501 4 000 121 81 61 over 1 000 2 500 174 116 2 501 4 000 174 116 A 15 90 1 000 2 500 332 222 0 115 0 150 2 501 4 000 254 169 91 120 1 000 2 500 391 261 2 501 4 000 332 222 121 175 1 000 2 500 469 313 2 501 4 000 411 274 B 105 140 860 2 500 469 313 0 193 0 260 2 501 4 000 391 261 141 220 860 2 500 567 378 2 501 4 000 528 352 C 175 230 500 1 740 1017 678 0 320 0 417 1741 3 000 841 561 231 400 500 1 740 1251 834 1741 3 000 alles eS 743 D 305 400 200 850 2 210 1473 0 669 0 870 851 1 500 1 877 1251 401 510 200 850 2 698 1 799 851 1500 2 268 Al 512 SPZ 56 79 1 000 2 500 338 226 0 076 n a 2 501 4 000 262 175 80 95 1 000 2 500 383 255 2 501 4 000 415 2 6 96 over 1 000 2 500 477 318 2 501 4 000 438 292 SPA 71 105 1 000 2 500 575 383 0 134 0 155 2 501 4 000 524 349 106 140 1 000 2 500 696 464 2 501 4 000 628 418 141 over 1 000 2 500 872 581 2 501 4 000 876 584 SPB 107 159 860 2 500 978 652 0223 0 272 2 501 4 000 941 627 160 250 860 2 500 1255 837 2 501 4 000 1116 744 251 over 860 2 500 1496 997 2 501 4 000 1275 850 21 Wrapped V wedge and banded belts Belt Smallest pulley Speed range Belt tension per Mass type diameter single belt New belt Run in belt Single belt Belt ina from indl from incl band mm rpm N N kg m SPC 200 355 500 1 740 2 026 1350 0 354 0 394 1 741 3000 2 043 1 362 356 over 500 1 740 2 305 1537 iat 3 000 26 1 1781 3V 61 90 1 000 2 500 313 209 0 076 0 099 2 501 4 000 274 182 91 AS 1 000 2 500 430 287
4. to have the meter recalibrated and certified to NAMAS UKAS National Accreditation of Measurement and Sampling United Kingdom Accreditation Standards standards Please contact your local SKF representative for detailed costs and shipping procedures prior to any return 16 8 0 Technical specification Measurement range Frequency range cicsssseacscnesesssceassnseccies 10 to 400 Hz Measurement accuracy Below 100 HZ 1 significant digit Above 100 HZ ovcoraveaesdvsmnactseisssesesrs 1 Belt mass input range wu 0 001 to 9 990 kg m Belt span Input range ou eee 0 001 to 9 99 m Maximum belt tension display 9990 N 2 200 Ib Environmental conditions Operating temperature ou 10 to 50 C Shipment and storage temp 50 to 70 C Protection CLES S sai tleas sxcacine iliansatattonadeans IP54 Sensor TE atte Se er ERE Infrared optical IR wavelength 970 nm Visible aiming beam W Gu u u ssccceerrrrre Narrow angle orange LED Housing saseseci cats viacanecscais seastaatseutevacniaceans Machined aluminium Cable length ast vnctinisissinntaniiceecaatanen 1m Power supply Battery type u u uusesseesseee essere seere rese ites AA MN1500 Alkaline only NUMBER nrerin 4 Expected UN ccis nicoctiusetsiesanianiedatuaneniens 20 hrs Compartment location u u u u dcscecere Back of meter Optional rechargeable batteries Battery typ cscssscssscssessosssessosensess AA 1 300 mAh minimum Charge ao
5. 718 478 141 over 1 000 2 500 997 665 2 501 4 000 897 598 XPB 107 159 860 2 500 1116 744 0 223 0 279 2 501 4 000 1075 717 160 250 860 2 500 1 435 957 2 501 4 000 1330 886 251 over 860 2 500 1596 1 064 2 501 4 000 1 455 970 24 Cogged raw edge V wedge and banded belts Belt Smallest pulley Speed range Belt tension per Mass type diameter single belt New belt Run in belt Single belt Belt ina from indl from incl band mm rpm N N kg m XPC 200 355 500 1 740 2 313 1 542 0 354 0 548 1741 3 000 28955 1 555 356 over 500 1 740 2 632 155 1741 3 000 3 050 2 034 3VX 55 60 1 000 2 500 293 196 0 076 0 102 2 501 4 000 254 169 61 90 1 000 2 500 372 248 2 501 4 000 332 222 91 175 1 000 2 500 469 313 2 501 4 000 430 287 5VX 110 170 1 000 2 500 899 600 0 223 0 252 2 501 4 000 489 326 Al fea 275 500 1 740 1 310 873 IL 74a 3 001 eae 808 276 400 500 1 740 525 1 017 I 74A 3 001 1 486 991 belt unit to get total tension to apply Multiply the mass of one belt in a band by the number of the belts in the banded belt unit to get total mass to apply Multiply the belt tension required for a single belt by the number of the belts in the banded 25 Ribbed belts Belt Smallest pulley Speed range Belt tension per one rib Mass type diameter New belt Run in belt Single belt mm rpm N N kg m PJ lt 80 n a 67 45 0 010 gt 80 90 60 PK lt 95 n a 139 96 0 018 gt 95 178 119 PL lt 150 n a 216 144 0 057 gt 150 312 20
6. 8 PM lt 250 n a 672 448 0 120 gt 250 912 608 Multiply the belt tension required for one rib by the number of the ribs in the ribbed belt unit to get total tension to apply Multiply the mass of one rib by the number of the ribs in the ribbed belt to get total mass to 26 apply SKF GmbH Gunnar Wester Str 12 97421 Schweinfurt Germany SKF is a registered trademark of the SKF Group SKF Group 2010 The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may not be reproduced even extracts unless permission is granted Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication but no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage whether direct indirect or consequential arising out of the use of the information contained herein Publication PUB PSD I4 06749 3 EN January 2012 Printed in England on environmentally friendly paper
7. 832 0 202 1741 3 001 1097 732 216 500 500 1 740 1506 1003 1741 3 001 1420 946 8V XP 315 430 200 850 3226 2151 0 520 851 1500 2625 1749 431 570 200 850 3872 2581 851 1500 3442 2295 Multiply the belt tension required for a single belt by the number of the belts in the banded belt unit to get total tension to apply Multiply the mass of one belt in a band by the number of the belts in the banded belt unit to get total mass to apply 23 Cogged raw edge V wedge and banded belts Belt Smallest pulley Speed range Belt tension per Mass type diameter single belt New belt Run in belt Single belt Belt ina from incl from incl band mm rpm N N kg m ZX 40 60 1 000 2 500 119 80 0 051 n a 2 501 4 000 139 93 61 over 1 000 2 500 199 133 2 501 4 000 199 155 AX 15 90 1 000 2 500 372 248 0 115 O53 2 501 4 000 296 196 91 120 1 000 2 500 450 300 2 501 4 000 S 261 121 175 1 000 2 500 508 339 2 501 4 000 450 300 BX 85 105 860 2 500 430 287 0 193 0 225 2 501 4 000 372 248 106 140 860 2 500 626 417 2 501 4 000 547 365 141 220 860 2 500 763 508 2 501 4 000 645 430 CX 175 230 500 1 740 1310 873 0 320 0 398 1741 3 000 1 056 704 231 400 500 1740 1 408 939 1741 3 000 Za 860 XPZ 56 79 1 000 2 500 362 241 0 076 n a 2 501 4 000 299 199 80 95 1 000 2 500 438 292 2 501 4 000 418 279 96 over 1 000 2 500 499 332 2 501 4 000 469 2313 XPA 71 105 1 000 2 500 657 438 0 134 0 156 2 501 4 000 598 399 106 140 1 000 2 500 796 531 2 501 4 000
8. SKF Belt Frequency Meter user manual User manual box edition General safety tips Safety first read and understand this manual before operating the SKF Belt Frequency Meter Never use your SKF Belt Frequency Meter on moving belts Switch off and Isolate any belt drive system prior to taking tension measurements or attempting any other installation work Do not drop the meter or subject either the meter or the optical sensor to other sharp impact Do not put water solvents including cleaning solutions or any other liquid on the unit Clean meter and sensor with dry cotton cloth Do not pull on sensor cord Disconnect sensor from meter by grasping the connector grip only Do not leave the unit in places that are humid hot dust filled or in direct sunlight Hint When SKF Belt Frequency Meter is not used for a while remove batteries and store unit in the case provided Do not use your SKF Belt Frequency Meter in any potentially explosive environment Do not disassemble or attempt to modify either the meter or the sensing head Table of contents 1 0 2 0 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 7 1 7 2 8 0 9 0 Device description Quick start Functions Keys Audio visual display Optical sensor Battery condition Charging batteries Setup amp use Operating tips Meter range Calibration Spot check Annual certification Technical specification Useful formulae and con
9. ange to 000 0 result is out of range If the measured frequency is above 400 Hz A 0000 pound reading the meter will display 400 briefly and accompanied by four then change to 000 beeps indicates the result is out of range On multi shaft three or more shafts it may be possible to get valid measurements by selecting a different belt span for measurement If the measured frequency is below 10 Hz choose an available shorter span If the measured frequency is above 400 Hz choose a longer span if available Based upon the measured belt frequency the meter is capable of calculating belt tensions up to 9 990 N 2 200 Ib When these limits are exceeded the meter will react as previously described Belt tensions greater than these values are unusual It is therefore advisable to check that the span and mass parameters have been entered correctly If they are found to be correct then check the calculation of your target values If everything looks correct then this drive is simply beyond the capacity of the SKF Belt Frequency Meter The drive will have to be tensioned by traditional force and deflection techniques Special Note Tensioning a drive generally involves moving one component shaft with respect to another On some drives especially larger installations tensioning the drive will involve sufficient move ment that the span length is appreciably altered Frequency Hz values will remain accurate but if a p
10. ither the SPAN or MASS parameters when used in conjunction with those keys The second use is to toggle between the Hz and the pound measurement modes The memory keys allow up to 3 sets of belt parameters to be stored in the meter registry Pressing the MEM 1 key recalls the first set of belt parameters and likewise for MEM 2 and MEM 3 To store the belt parameters to a key the belt span and mass parameters must first be entered and then immediately after release of either the SPAN or MASS keys the appropriate MEM key should be pressed Two beeps indicate that the parameters have been successfully assigned to the key 3 2 Audio visual display The SKF Belt Frequency Meter is an interactive tool It provides both visual and audible communication with the operator Each signal or combination of signals has a meaning While all these signals are discussed in other sections of this manual a compilation of all the available signals will be presented here Generally visual signals alone give measurement results while audible signals either alone or in combination with a visual signal indicate some operational step Frequency mode results displayed as hertz Tension displayed in newton Tension displayed in pound force Audible signals Signal One Beep One Beep One Beep Two Beeps Four Beeps When Upon release of Span key Upon release of Mass key While sensor is aimed at vibrating belt Upon pushing Memo
11. ken e 12 to 15 V DC output Socket polarity ccccccccscscscsssssessssesesees 3 5 mm positive centre 17 9 0 Formulae and conversions Force conversion constants newton x 0 2248 Ib pound x 4 4482 N kilogram x 9 8067 N Length conversion constants inch x 0 0254 m metre x 39 3701 in mm x 0 001 m Span length calculation D a 4 S CD where S Span length mm CD Center distance mm D Large pulley diameter mm d Small pulley diameter mm Weight for mass calculation use ounce x 0 02835 kg pound x 0 45359 kg Reminder Belt span and mass inputs to the meter must be in SI units m for the belt span and kg m for the belt mass 18 Appendix 1 0 Theory of operation There is a direct relationship between belt tension and a belt s natural frequency of vibration As the tension is increased the vibration frequency also increases The relationship between tension and frequency has been determined to be T 4ml f Where T Belt tension N m mass per unit length kg m span length m f vibration frequency Hz The SKF Belt Frequency Meter is a dual function tool The optical sensing head uses an invisible infrared beam to detect vibration while the integral calculator determines the time base and performs the necessary calculations to support the results shown in the display window The meter may be used with all power transmission belts regardless of type or c
12. ly press mena en or pena depending upon where you stored the data for this specific drive Afterwards press span or mass key in order to display the appropriate saved value mass or span 4 Aim sensor at centre of selected belt span Tap or pluck the belt The meter will beep once to indicate that a measurement was taken 5 Display window will show frequency result RE I I Ibs 6 P to toggle to newt Press Hain o toggle to newton DOWN 7 Press Lbs to toggle to pounds Note Pressing the same key a second time will return display to the hertz value 8 Re adjust belt tension and repeat measurement until target tension results are attained 12 5 0 Operating tips Here are some procedures and best practices that may ease use or help increase the reliability of your belt tensioning efforts Take your tension reading as close to the centre of the selected span as practical Use the longest belt span that can be readily accessed Minimum useable span length is equal to 20 times the belt tooth pitch for synchronous belts and 30 times the belt top width for v configuration belts Using too short a span yields indicated tensions that may be much higher than actual belt tension due to effects of belt stiffness When possible orientate the sensor head with the long edge of the sensor parallel to the centre line of the belt This tends to eliminate any non reading conditions due to aiming error On new ins
13. me Is typically 12 to 14 hours for a full charge You may turn the unit on while charging The meter s software will then signal that the batteries are charging The display window will flash an array of zeros starting with only one and pro gressing to four There will be an audible signal of four beeps as the display charges Suitable rechargeable batteries and charger may be obtained directly from the manufacturer Integrated Display Systems Ltd UK www clavis co uk 10 4 0 Setup and use procedure 1 Plug sensor head into meter body This is a keyed plug Line it up do not use force 2 Turn unit on using ON OFF 3 Load span and mass data or recall previously loaded data To load span data simply hold down while using or DOWN to set the number Hz N Lbs When the correct number appears in the display window simply release the span key The unit will beep once to acknowledge acceptance of this setting MASS ka m while using To load mass data simply hold down Hz N Or tbs to set the number When the correct number appears in the display window simply release the mass key The unit will beep once to acknowledge acceptance of this setting To save individual entries into memory press appropriate key MEM 1 MEM2 Or MEM 3 As soon as the span or mass keys have been released the meter will beep twice to acknowledge the entry into memory 11 To recall stored span and mass data simp
14. onstruction 19 2 0 Weights and tension values The values listed in the tables on following pages provide a guideline for belt tensioning More accurate values for your specific belt drive can be obtained from belt drive calculations on skfptp com Timing belts Belt type Belt type Belt Tension Mass New belt Run in belt N N kg m HiTD 5M 9 99 71 0 037 5M 15 174 124 0 061 5M 25 311 222 0 102 8M 20 372 266 0 128 8M 30 593 424 0 192 8M 50 1 037 741 0 320 8M 85 2 044 1 460 0 545 14M 40 1 297 926 0 429 14M 55 11912 1366 0 590 14M 85 3 142 2 244 0 911 14M 115 4 480 3 200 1 233 14M 170 7 139 5 099 1 823 STPD S8M20 390 279 0 111 S8M30 620 443 0 167 S8M50 1110 793 0 278 S8M85 2 030 1450 0 473 S14M40 1340 957 0 462 S14M55 1925 1375 0 634 S14M85 3 165 2 261 0 981 S14M115 4 465 3 189 1 327 S14M170 6 975 4 982 1 962 Timing belts XL 025 13 1 0 014 XL 037 24 20 0 020 L050 51 41 0 043 LO75 87 70 0 065 L 100 122 98 0 087 HO75 220 176 0 084 H100 311 249 0 112 H150 485 388 0 168 H200 667 534 0 223 H300 1045 836 0 335 XH 200 907 726 0 572 XH 300 1 428 1142 0 858 XH 400 2 019 1615 1 144 XXH 200 1130 904 0 809 XXH 300 1748 1398 1 213 XXH 400 2478 1 982 1 61 7 XXH 500 3 198 2 558 2 022 20 Wrapped V wedge and banded belts Belt Smallest pulley Speed range Belt tension per Mass type diameter single belt New belt Run in belt Single belt Belt ina from indl from incl band mm rpm N N kg m Z 40 60 1 000 2 500 104 69 0 051
15. ormed A low battery condition is signalled both visually and audibly The display window will flash an array of zeros starting with four and progressing to only one There will be an audible signal of four beeps as the display changes zZ W m m U Hz Ibs N Hz BEEP lbs N Ma BEEP Qi Hz Ibs UJ m m U If these signals are seen and heard batteries should be replaced Batteries are accessed through the removable cover on the back of the meter New batteries should be inserted within 30 seconds of removal of old batteries Taking longer risks loss of any data stored by the memory keys Batteries are expected to provide approximately 20 hours of continuous operation before replacement is required 3 5 Charging batteries Do not charge batteries with the sensor head attached to the meter Do not attempt to use the meter while batteries are being charged Damage to the optical sensor could result The SKF Belt Frequency Meter is compatible with user supplied rechargeable batteries and charging unit A convenient 3 5 mm positive center charging socket is located on the bottom end of the meter body adjacent to the sensor cable plug in port Batteries 1 300 mAh minimum user supplied Charging unit 12 to 15 volt DC output user supplied Connection 3 5 mm positive tip mini plug socket The built in circuit of the meter controls the charging current Charging current is internally limited to 100 mA Charging ti
16. recise tension value Is to be calculated it may become necessary to update the span input to reflect the new shaft spacing 14 7 0 Calibration 7 1 Spot check The measurement system of the SKF Belt Frequency Meter is based upon a very stable quartz crystal that should never wander However a precision mechanical resonator tuning fork is included with the meter so that a calibration check at a spot frequency of 250 Hz may be performed at any time Tap the tip of the tuning fork on a hard surface and then hold STEADY in front of the optical sensor at a dis tance of 10 to 15 mm The meter will measure a frequency of 250 Hz thus demonstrating that it is in calibration Results within 1 are acceptable There is no adjustment possible If greater variance is experi enced the meter should be returned for calibration See section 7 2 for manufacturer s contact information 15 7 2 Annual certification Technical support relating to calibration certification and or operation of the SKF Belt Frequency Meter can be obtained from SKF The meter may be returned to SKF for repair or recalibration at any time A factory calibration certificate is included with each meter Although the very stable solid state quartz crystal based system is not likely to go out of calibration some operating procedures call for annual gauge certification For certification calibration purposes the meter may be returned to SKF at yearly intervals
17. ry key after releasing Span key Upon pushing Memory key after releasing Mass key Combined with OOOO N display Combined with 0000 Ib display After pushing On key combined with zero countdown Visual measurement results A line segment will appear to indicate the units assocaited with the number displayed Means Input accepted Input accepted Measurement taken Span data has been stored Mass data has been stored Newton result is out of range Pound result is out of range Low battery condition 3 3 Optical sensor The sensor uses an invisible infrared beam to detect vibrations of the belt A narrow angle orange LED generated beam is provided to guide the aiming of the sensor The very best signal from the belt is seen when the sensor is held perpendicular to the belt at the centre of the span at 9 5 mm 3 8 in distance When physical restrictions are present it is possible to get useable readings with the sensor up to 50 mm 2 in distance from the belt and or tipped up to 45 from perpendicular It is possible to take measurements from the edge of the belt The toothed side of a belt is equally acceptable as a target for the sensor The sensor LEDs should be kept clean by wiping with a soft cotton cloth Solvents are never to be used 3 4 Battery condition When the SKF Belt Frequency Meter is first switched on a battery condition check is automati cally perf
18. tallations rotate the system by hand at least one full revolution of the belt to seat and normalize the components If the top surface of the belt is not accessible try to beam the sensor against the edge of the belt The inside surface of the belt is equally acceptable The meter will not give a measurement for a belt under extremely low tension Simply increase the drive tensioning until the meter responds The meter will beep to indicate that a reading has been taken It is good practice to take three successive readings This will show the consistency of your methods If the readings vary by more than 10 re assess your measurement technique Taking multiple readings at different belt orientations may help you identify problems with other drive components Tension excursions are Indicative of component problems such as a bent shaft poorly mounted sprocket or pulley or an Irregular pulley groove When tensioning an array of multiple V belts use a single belt toward the centre of the array Please also check the tension of the belts on each side of the array in order to secure that there is no angular misalignment between the pulleys 13 6 0 Meter range The SKF Belt Frequency Meter is capable of measuring belt vibration frequencies between 10 Hz and 400 Hz A 0000 newton reading If the measured frequency is below 10 Hz accompanied by four the meter will display 10 00 briefly and then beeps indicates the ch
19. versions Appendix 1 0 2 0 Theory of operation Weights and tension values page A 5 Oo O N O 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0 Device description The SKF Belt Frequency Meter is a two component system consisting of a hand held meter attached to an optical sensor via an electronic cable The sensor uses an infrared beam to detect the vibration of a belt strand and sends a signal to the meter The sensor includes an LED that produces an orange light beam to help aim the invisible infrared ray Comparing this input to the vibration of a quartz crystal the meter computes the natural frequency of the belt The result is shown in the display window as hertz oscillations per second The internal program ming of the meter is also able to report the belt tension in units of force either newton or pounds force provided the operator has entered the belt mass and span length using the manually operated key pad The meter operates on four AA batteries Battery life is approximately 20 hours The battery compartment is accessible at the back of the meter This manual a tuning fork for checking calibration and a storage case are included with the complete kit Display window see section 3 2 Keypad see rr section 3 1 ST ee Plant Optical sensor see section 3 3 Plug in sensor cable 2 0 Quick start 2 Press to switch meter on 1 Plug in sensor Mm 5 Read belt frequency Hz 4
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