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1. Figure 30 Plant characteristics table Tier 2 Q transpiration rate e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties k growth rate e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties e default value from model concept L lipid content e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties f_ch carbohydrate content e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties e only used for potatoes t plant growth period e soil to plant transfer for organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties e deposition calculations for all chemical types p plant density e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties A surface area of aboveground e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using plant parts chemical and plant properties Y_v plant yield e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties 43 CHAPTER A Application II simulations e deposition calculations for all chemical types dm dry matter concent e used to convert calculated concentrations at dry matter to concentration at fresh weight for exposure calculations r_p radius of a potato e in case of organic chemicals a
2. Leaching to groundwater Enter groundwater concentration Calculate groundwater concentration E Groundwater dilution factor AANANASA Hydraulic conductivity of the phreatic groundwater m y 266 Hydraulic gradient m m 4 0E3 Length of source area m 50 Percentage unpaved 9 100 Infiltration rate in the vadose zone unpaved area m y 2 65E 1 Infiltration rate in the vadose zone paved area m y Thickness of the phreatic groundwater layer m 30 Permeation through supply water pipe Depth of supply water pipe below soil m 0 8 Internal radius of the supply water pipe m G T Thickness of supply water pipe wall m 2 7E 3 Total pipe length through contaminated area m ep Daily supply water use m day 5 0E 1 Supply water pipe Pe G Drinking water exposure factors Fraction of groundwater Fraction of drinking water intake coming from site Figure 21 Water tab at Tier 1 4 4 1 LEACHING TO GROUNDWATER When entering a new simulation the Calculate groundwater concentration is activated by default When a groundwater concentration is available for use in the calculations you should select the Enter groundwater concentration option You will be able to fill in the groundwater concentration in the Concentrations tab 27 CHAPTER A Ap
3. a table will open Figure 33 This table will allow you to enter site specific information with regard to summer and winter diet of cattle and sheep and of the diet of chicken Daily feed and water intake for animals Daily intake for cattle e e Beef cattle Milk cattle Sheep summer winter summer winter summer winter Daily intake of soil kg dm d 6 0E 1 nmn 0E1 Toun 175E1 4 75E 1 Daily intake of pasture grass kg dm d 0 0E0 8 00 aen 0 0E0 B E 4 8E0 E Daily intake of silage grass kg dm d 0 0E0 0 0E0 EI 7 537E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 Dialy intake of maize kg dmid A74eEn 3 811E0 2 217E0 4 358E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 Daily intake of concentrate kg dm d 2 61E0 3 314E0 2 57E 1 2 346E0 0 0E0 6 3E 1 Daily intake of water kg dm d GEZ GE 6 7E 2 A 6 0E 3 6 0E 3 m Daily intake for chicken Daily intake of grass kg dm d 7 0E 3 Daily intake of water kg dm d 2 0E 4 Daily intake of feed kg dm d 423E 1 Daily intake of soil kg dm d 3 0E 2 OK Cancel Figure 33 Feed intake table on Animal tab at Tier 2 daily intake of soil cattle e Recommended not to change the value except if well documented e Uses the concentration in topsoil from the soil profile or the separately entered soil animal concentration see Concentration tab daily intake of pasture grass e Uses a weighted average of local grass concentration cattle calculated or entered
4. 10 lt 15 gt 15 gt 15 gt 15 TDUTCA SFIUR pTDI pTCA oral 5 8E 1 oral oral inhalation 8 2E 1 inhalation inhalation dermal 5 8E 1 dermal dermal Units Units Units Oral TDI mg kg bw d Oral SF 1 mg kg Da Ou Oral pTDI mg kg bw d Inhalation TCA mg m Inhalation UR 1 mg m Inhalation pTCA mg m Dermal TDI mg kg bw d Dermal SF 1 mg kg bw d Dermal pTDI mg kg bw d Local effects Local effects Local effects 1 2 1 1 2 1 lt 3 1 lt 3 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 3 lt 6 E 3 lt 6 E 6 lt 10 6 lt 10 E 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 10 lt 15 9 10 lt 15 gt 15 gt 15 gt 15 TDUTCA SHUR pTDI pTCA oral oral oral inhalation inhalation inhalation Figure 42 The risk tab The tab distinguishes between three categories of effects for which the toxicological reference values can be filled in e Threshold effects health effects for which a threshold exists e Non threshold effects health effects for which no threshold exists as is the case for e g genotoxic carcinogens e Pseudo threshold effects health effects generally carcinogenic that cannot be classified under the two above examples are carcinogens for which no slope factor was derived but a pseudo threshold value compounds such as the genotoxic carcinogen benzo a pyrene that has a tolerable concentration in air in the database derived from the general background instead of using the slope factor For each of these three categ
5. and non local pasture grass concentration daily intake of silage grass e Uses a weighted average of local grass concentration cattle calculated or entered and non local silage grass concentration daily intake of maize cattle e Uses a weighted average of local maize concentration calculated or entered and non local maize concentration daily intake of concentrate e Is not related to the local site but uses an entered cattle background concentration Concentration tab CHAPTER A Application II simulations daily intake of water cattle e Uses a weighted concentration of groundwater calculated or entered supply water calculated or entered and other water entered concentration daily intake of grass chicken e Uses a weighted average of local grass concentration calculated or entered and non local pasture grass concentration daily intake of water chicken e Uses a weighted concentration of groundwater calculated or entered supply water calculated or entered and other water entered concentration daily intake of feed chicken e Is not related to the local site but uses an entered background concentration Concentration tab daily intake of soil chicken e Default value represents a worst case guidance for value choice as a function of available area and soil coverage is given in the technical guidance document e Uses the concentration in topsoil from the soil pro
6. they can be 0 The units of the BCF for inorganic chemicals is mg kg dm in the plant per mg kg dm in the soil 4 7 2 MODIFYING PLANT PROPERTIES TIER 2 Plant properties can be modified by clicking the plant characteristics button on the plant tab at Tier 2 You will get access to a menu with the list of plants and their properties 42 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Plant characteristics Q L d ry dm Potato 1 5E 3 1 02E3 t 2 0E1 Carrot 7 78E 4 2 5E 2 1 02E3 1 1E1 Scorzonera and parsnip 2 71E4 2 5E 2 1 02E3 SEI SOEO Other root vegetables as radish 1 292E 3 2 5E 2 8 2E2 d 5 0E0 Bulbous vegetables as onion 1 008E 3 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 E 1 1E1 Leek 1 563E 3 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 1 1 361 Tomato 6 58E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 5 0E0 Cucumber 6 58E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 E 4 0E0 Other fruit vegetables as paprika 6 58E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 9 0E0 Cabbage 6 58E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 8 0E0 Cauliflower and broccoli 1 0E 3 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 X 8 1E0 Brussels sprouts 5 12E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 1 7E1 Lettuce 1 225E 3 2 5E 2 6 1E2 5 0E0 El 4 0E0 Lambs lettuce 4 42E4 2 5E 2 6 5E2 5 0E0 3 4 0E0 Endive 9 25E 4 2 5E 2 7 35E2 5 0E0 s 6 2E0 Spinach 1 225E 3 2 5E 2 6 3E2 5 0E0 i 8 0E0 Chicory 5 63E 4 2 5E 2 7 0E2 5 0E0 SEI 6 0E0 Celery 3 92E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 8 0E0 Beans 3 92E 4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 S 1 1E1 Pess 5 33E4 2 5E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 1 851 Grass 1 563E 3 2 5E 2 8 2E2 5 0E0 t 3 5E1 Maize 1 2E 3 5 4E 2 8 0E2 5 0E0 2 5E1 d
7. 1 Trichloroetha 1 1 1 Light Trichloroetha industry kll kl Agricultural manual manual manual2 manual2 Agricultural Residential 1 1 1 with 2013 03 Trichloroetha vegetable 19 garden Residential soil profile soil profile 1 1 1 with 2 2 Trichloroetha vegetable garden Residential soil profile soil profile 1 1 1 with 2013 03 3 3 Trichloroetha vegetable 19 garden M 4 16016 gt nm soil profile soil profile Figure 7 Overview table for simulations The Name and Label columns of this list also provide search fields directly below the column header By typing a partial simulation label name in this search field and pressing lt Enter gt the simulations list will be filtered to only show the matching simulation names projects This way simulations can be found easily when the number of simulations grows larger Search results are presented in a page view once there are more than 10 results Simulations can be sorted by Name Label and Last modified by clicking the column heading On top of the simulation there is a toggle button named Show all This toggle button can be used to view either your own simulations or all the simulations within your company You will be able to view simulations of your colleagues but you will not be able to modify them Simulations have colour codings e Grey colour no modifications possible this is a simulation of a colleague e Red colour the
8. 10 Exposure tab 4 10 1 Background exposure via food 4 10 2 Oral exposure relative bioavailability 4 10 3 Adjust age specific weight factors 4 10 4 Dermal exposure parameters 4 10 5 Background concentrations 4 11 Risk tab 4 11 1 Threshold effects 4 11 2 Non threshold effects 4 11 3 Pseudo threshold effects 4 11 4 Default choice 4 12 Concentration limits tab 4 13 Results tab 28 29 30 32 33 38 38 40 42 44 44 48 48 49 50 51 55 55 56 57 57 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 63 64 Table of Contents CHAPTER5 Application III simulations 5 1 5 2 Concentration tab Results tab CHAPTER6 Application simulations 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 Scenario tab Chemicals tab Soil tab Plants Animals concentrations Exposure Risk and Concentration limits tab Results tab 66 66 68 69 69 69 69 69 69 List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The S Risk lOBIN Pagekit inea eaae ced bends aae eaaa TAE Eii Ke Krae KARAER aae 3 Figure 2 Error message in case of exceeding maximum number of simultaneous sessions 4 Figure 3 Error message in case of wrong username or password ssssssssssssissssrrssesrrssrnsissrnsnsrnssns 4 Figure 4 S Risk user Interface 5 Figure 5 Account settings MENU e 05 lt 2 s0scccesa0s cscs ssascneesaaseccesbavescesaascoce ssacede sogdeces sodsecderabscc
9. 34 If Tier 1 is chosen the Plants and Animals button will not be visible To enter concentrations for a chemical in the list click on the chemical and enter the corresponding concentrations as explained below Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoorair Plants Animals Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Switch to Tier 1 1 1 1 Trichloroethane2 D MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzene Soil concentrations Enable separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion depth mg kg Generic soil layer o Groundwater concentration Concentration in groundwater ug l Pathwaey specific soil concentrations Soil contact amp resuspension mg kg dm Soil drinking water mg kg dm Soil plants mg kg dm Soil animals mg kg dm m Concentrations in transfer media gas phase mg m PM10 mg m total mg m Outdoor air mg m EI Indoor air mg m E vapour intrusion mg m Soil air mg m Flat depth m Basement mg m Indoor settled dust mg kg dm Drinking water mg m Animal elated concentrations Background concentration in pasture grass ma kg dm 0 0E0 Background concentration in silage grass mg kg dm 0 0E0 Background concentration in maize mg kg dm DOE Concentrate concentration mg kg dm 0 0E0 Feed mixture concentration mg kg dm 0 0E0 Other water concentration mg m 10 0E0 Optimization ci
10. Guidance as a function of floor quality is given in the technical guidance document 35 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Relates to the basement floor concrete slab number of openings per floor area basement slab on grade Default recommended not to change Relates to the basement floor concrete slab air permeability of basement walls basement Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document air filled porosity of basement walls basement Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document Basement and slab on grade option intact floor pressure difference between indoor space and soil basement slab on grade Default value recommended not to change this value except if well documented basic air exchange rate for indoor space basement slab on grade Default value is land use specific Background information is provided in the technical guidance document air permeability of the intact floor basement slab on grade Default quality Guidance as a function of floor quality is given in the technical guidance document Relates to the basement floor concrete slag average floor air filled porosity of the intact floor basement slab on grade Default quality Guidance as a
11. I SIMULATIONS Application is a restricted version of application I and allows you to calculated generic soil remediation values or risk limit values 6 1 SCENARIO TAB Under application it is only possible to select a land use from the default land use list It is not possible to customize land uses You can view the default settings 6 2 CHEMICALS TAB You can select chemicals customize them or add a new chemical as explained under application II Chemicals tab 6 3 SOIL TAB You can remove the default generic soil type and add a soil type from the list of soil types You can only have one soil layer The groundwater table is at a fixed depth of 3 m You can change organic matter content clay content and oh KC at Tier 1 and customize the soil type at Tier 2 Soil tab 6 4 PLANTS ANIMALS CONCENTRATIONS EXPOSURE RISK AND CONCENTRATION LIMITS TAB These tabs only have editable fields in case of a customized or newly added chemical 6 5 RESULTS TAB After entering the data for you simulation calculations will be possible You can start calculations by clicking the Calculate soil remediation values amp report results button on the Results tab similar to what you do under Application II The report will now not generate risks or concentration indices but will for each specified reference value report the soil concentration at which the criterion is met The criterions are e Exposure and threshold effects
12. clicking the S Risk Application tab you will be redirected to the S Risk login page Figure 1 which provides an SSL secured connection S Risk S Risk Application Contact us Registration Login username password remember me for 24h login Figure 1 The S Risk login page From this page you can log in with the username and password you received after registration Logging in will activate a new session Your session expires automatically after an inactivity period of 30 minutes after which you will need to log in again except if you activated the check box for the remember me option In that case your login data are saved by the system for 24 h The system does not allow more than one simultaneous session with one login In that case you will receive an error message Figure 2 CHAPTER 2 Logging in to S Risk Your Login attempt was not successful try again Cause Maximum sessions of 1 for this principal exceeded username password remember me for 24h login Figure 2 Error message in case of exceeding maximum number of simultaneous sessions Logging in with the wrong username or password will generate a different error message Figure 3 In case you forget your password you can contact the S Risk administrators who will send you an e mail with a new password S Risk Application Your login attempt was not successful try again Cause Bad credentials username password remember me for
13. fv r Plant concentration limits 8 8 A ADIA Ad mg kg fw change on plant type level Potato Bulbous vegetables as onion 0g amp D Cabbage Cauliflower and broccoli DD ZS Brussels sprouts a Figure 43 Concentration limits tab at Tier 2 4 13 RESULTS TAB After entering the data for you simulation calculations will be possible You can start calculations by clicking the Calculate risks amp report results button on the Results tab Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Cslculste soil remedistion values amp report results Report Summary Last Calculation Time Figure 44 Results tab After clicking the button a message will appear saying that the calculation can take a while After clicking ok on the message you will see the colour of your simulation in the Available simulations panel turn yellow indicating that calculations are running Figure 45 65 CHAPTER A Application 1 simulations Calculate soil remediation values amp report results Report Summary Last Calculation Time mam Figure 45 Yellow colouring indicating the simulation is running When the simulation calculations are finished you will receive a message that the simulation calculations are completed successfully Simulation calculation
14. only needed for basement and slab on grade type buildings and relates to the concrete layer in contact with the soil You can choose between gaps and holes or intact floor Gaps and holes is the default setting Intact floor can be used for new floors in a perfect state In that case you preferably fill in the values for floor parameters to those corresponding to good or perfect floor quality Note Under default settings and in a situation where diffusion dominates the vapour intrusion process e g soils with low permeability contamination at higher depth it is possible that the option intact floor results in higher indoor air concentrations than the option gaps and holes This is a consequence of the modelling concepts behind the options In case of gaps and holes diffusion takes place through larger holes covering only a small area of the total floor area In case of intact floor diffusion takes place through small pores but covering a relatively larger floor area We therefore recommend to use intact floor only in combination with settings for good very good floor quality Of course this should only be done when the site specific situation allows for this choice Tier1 Basement and slab on grade volume of the indoor space basement e Site specific e Assumed to relate to slab on grade ground floor only depth of the basement concrete basement e Site specific slab floor below soi
15. or pseudo threshold effects the risk index equals 1 or the ratio of total exposure to tolerable intake equals 1 e Exposure and non threshold effects the excess cancer risk equals 1 10 e Concentrations in transfer media the concentration index equals 1 or the ratio between concentration and concentration limit equals 1 70 CHAPTER 6 Application simulations 71 CHAPTER 6 Application simulations
16. parameters as clay content are modified Guidance to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document p_s soil bulk density Guidance to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document CEC cation exchange capacity Parameter only important for inorganic chemicals if the Kd relation has a slope factor for CEC If so site specific information should be used _wcz water content in the capillary zone Most relevant for the layer above the groundwater table Guidance to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document L_cz thickness of the capillary zone Most relevant for the layer above the groundwater table Guidance to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document 4 4 WATER TAB The water tab Figure 21 allows you to a specify whether a concentration in groundwater should be calculated from the unsaturated soil profile or a measured concentration will be entered in the Concentrations tab b fill in parameter values for the calculation of the groundwater concentration c fill in the parameters with regard to permeation of substances through supply water pipes and 26 CHAPTER A Application II simulations d specify drinking water exposure parameters The permeation through supply water block is only relevant if the exposure pathway intake via groundwater or drinking water is active Switch to Tier 2
17. relative bioavailability gegen ej el EA M Inhalation exposure Adjust age specific weight factors 2 m Dermal exposure parameters EE teres el E o Use model ABSdermal soil dust VI FAQ EIS Q So Be 1 1962556148891617 tevent h event 3 52448770587773 t_sc d Mm Background concentrations Drinking water mg m Outdoor air mg m Indoor air mg m Beef mg kg Organ meat mg kg Milk mg kg Butter mg kg Eggs mg kg Ki Potatoes mg kg Root amp tuberous plants mg kg fu Bulbous plants mg kg fv Fruit vegetables mg kg fv Cabbages mg kg fu Leafy vegetables mg kg fw Leguminous vegetables mg kg fu L DE Figure 40 Exposure tab at Tier 2 4 10 1 BACKGROUND EXPOSURE VIA FOOD Background exposure via food requires age dependent values If you would have these available you can enter the values In many cases however there is only information available for adults or for a limited number of age categories In that case the age dependent background exposure from diet excluding drinking water for adults can be used to estimate background exposure at other ages by multiplying the adult intake mg kg d with following relative ratios 56 CHAPTER A Application II simulations ratio 1 72 1 85 1 56 1 21 1 06 0 99 1 00 4 10 2 ORAL EXPOSURE RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY The calculations allow t
18. the appropriate layer and clicking the Customize button at the bottom of the tab Figure 20 First you should rename the soil type for the layer by typing a name in the Name field Parameters at Tier 2 require site specific information that is not always available The values can be measured or estimated The appendix of the technical guidance document provides some information on how these parameters could be estimated from more readily available soil information Tee EE K_v soil air permeability e Default values for the soil type can be used e Technical guidance document provides information on how to calculate values e Important for vapour intrusion calculations Al content e Used for BCF plant uptake calculations of inorganic chemicals if a slope is filled in e f so then a site specific value should be used 25 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Fe content Used for BCF plant uptake calculations of inorganic chemicals if a slope is filled in arsenic in chemical database Refers to reactive Fe determined by oxalate extraction If relevant a site specific value should be used P_tot content Used for BCF plant uptake calculations of inorganic chemicals if a slope is filled in If so then a site specific value should be used 0_a volumetric air content _w volumetric water content 8_s soil porosity It is recommended to modify these values if soil type
19. 24h login Figure 3 Error message in case of wrong username or password Once you are logged in successfully the S Risk overview page will appear CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations CHAPTER 3 MANAGING SIMULATIONS 3 1 THE OVERVIEW SCREEN After logging in to the S Risk web application the S Risk overview page will appear Figure 4 The user interface distinguishes 4 main blocks 1 Menu bar 2 Overview table for simulations 3 Simulation summary 4 Simulation details f za ST Co https wwws risk be simulator Sriskjsp Xe m Chemical Soil Water Outdoor aj door air Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Comtsalgation limits Results Switch to Tier 2 Land Use Template Land use man mam man and milk soil profik soil 111 5 profil Trichl j Inhalation Exposure Route Intake via groun r drinking water Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water Clintake via outdoor ai Intal ia indoor air soil soil 201 114 1 with ES Trichi veget Intake via bathroom air soil aen MI 3 Trichi eric soil remediation c remediation Soil profile Figure 4 S Risk user interface The vertical border line between the left and right panels can be shifted horizontally to increase decrease the size of the panels Similarly you can shift the horizontal border between the simula
20. 3 ADDING A NEW CHEMICAL If you want to add a new chemical you can select the Blank chemical from the bottom of the drop down menu and add it to the simulation using the Add button This can be done under Tier 1 The chemical tab will show empty fields for the blank chemical To fill in the fields you need to enter Tier 2 and customize the chemical as specified under Modifying a chemical e CAS n optional field 18 CHAPTER A Application II simulations e Organic by default the blank chemical type is inorganic for organic chemicals you should select the organic check box e M molecular mass Parameters requirements differ by type of chemical inorganic organic Data requirements specific for inorganic chemicals S solubility in water at temperature T_s e required e for inorganic chemicals the solubility is generally set at a very high value e g 1 10 mg l The model automatically limits the calculated soil pore water concentration to solubility in case of low solubilities entered this would overrule the Kd concept for inorganic chemicals P vapour pressure at temperature T_p H Henry s law coefficient at T_h e required e This value will generally be 0 except for volatile inorganic chemicals K_d sorption coefficient soil water e Required e a soil sorption coefficient can be filled in as a single value or as a function relating Iog of the Kd to soil properties and the
21. Activity based weight factors 1 lt 3yrs 15 3 lt 6yrs 1 5 6 lt 10yrs 15 10 lt 15yrs 15 15 lt 21yrs 15 21 lt 31yrs 15 31 lt 41yrs 15 41 lt 51yrs 15 51 lt 61yrs 1 5 gt 61yrs 15 OK Cancel Figure 17 Activity based weight factors for inhalation 4 2 CHEMICALS TAB The Chemicals tab allows to a add one of the default built in chemicals from the drop down list to the simulation b customize a built in chemical or Tier 2 c add a new chemical Tier 2 4 2 1 ADDING DEFAULT CHEMICALS A database of built in chemicals is provided with S Risk This list contains the chemicals for which Flemish soil remediation values are available as well as a limited number of other chemicals that have been part of documents in preparation of soil remediation values e g chromium VI organic and elemental mercury and total petroleum hydrocarbon fractions Chemical substances can be added using the drop down menu and clicking the Add button Figure 18 More than one chemical can be selected by repeatedly selecting a chemical and clicking the Add button The full list of added chemicals will be shown in the list on top of the tab Chemicals can be removed from the simulation by selecting the chemical in the list and clicking the Delete button at the bottom of the tab 17 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk
22. B Detailing information in the indoor air tab is only relevant when a building is present or is simulated and indoor exposure can take place Bathroom air parameters are only relevant when the exposure pathway bathing or showering is active The indoor air tab allows you to specify the settings for a vapour intrusion into buildings b indoor settled dust c indoor DM and d bathroom air At Tier 1 a limited set of parameters related to vapour intrusion is accessible Figure 24 Switch to Tier 2 Building Building type basement v State of floor gaps and holes Volume of the indoor space m ul Thickness of the floor m 01 Surface area of the floor m7 50 Depth of the basement floor below soil surface m 2 Volume of the basement m 100 Thickness of the walls m 0 15 Surface area of the basement walls m7 60 l i i i i i i Figure 24 Indoor air tab at Tier 1 At tier 2 some more parameters related to vapour intrusion become editable In addition the parameter related to the prediction of the indoor settled dust concentration the concentration on indoor soil related PM1o and the bathroom air concentration due to evaporation during showering become editable Figure 25 In addition a button Time patterns bathing and showering will become visible 32 CHAPTER A Application II simulations m Building Building type basement _ State of floor gaps and holes Volu
23. Concentration limits Results Switch to Tier 2 1 1 1 Trichloroethane 1 1 1 Trichloroethane General Name CAS n Dissociating Type Acid pKa Properties M g mol Ts C S mo Tp CC P Pa Th C H Pa m mol Koc dm kg OR type Kd neet S OR A Kow Koa Dpe m d Dpve midi Dame Figure 18 Chemicals tab at tier 1 4 2 2 MODIFYING A CHEMICAL TIER 2 Added chemicals can be customized at Tier 2 by selecting them and clicking the Customize button at the bottom of the tab After providing a new name for the chemical the input fields for the chemical parameters will become active and can be modified Customizing a chemical in the chemical tab will also give access to chemical parameters in the Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk and Concentration limits tabs Attention The chemicals copper lead nickel mercury and zinc have special rules with regard to plant uptake relations and or animal transfer factors These rules can be found in the chemical specific documentation chemical information sheets To avoid confusion with regard to the models used these chemicals can NOT be modified or customized If you would like to work with modified versions of these chemicals you will need to configure them starting from the Blank chemical template Details with regard to each of the chemical fields are given under Adding a new chemical 4 2
24. Distribution General y vito vision on technology User manual S Risk C Cornelis A Standaert B Daniels 25 February 2014 VITO NV Boeretang 200 2400 MOL BELGIUM VAT BE 0244 195 916 RPR Turnhout Tel 32 14 33 55 11 Fax 32 14 33 55 99 Bank 435 4508191 02 KBC Brussel vito vito be www vito be BE32 4354 5081 9102 IBAN KREDBEBB BIC All rights amongst which the copyright on the materials described in this document rest with the Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV VITO Boeretang 200 BE 2400 Mol Register of Legal Entities VAT BE 0244 195 916 The information provided in this document is confidential information of VITO This document may not be reproduced or brought into circulation without the prior written consent of VITO Without prior permission in writing from VITO this document may not be used in whole or in part for the lodging of claims for conducting proceedings for publicity and or for the benefit or acquisition in a more general sense Revisions REVISIONS Date Modifications 25 02 2014 4 6 1 last paragraph before title Tier 1 explanation added on the difference between the options gaps and holes and intact floor 4 6 1 Tier 2 information added in parameter table on what is represented by the default values related to floor and wall quality Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Revisions Table of Conte
25. II to I After specifying the name label description and application type the simulation is created by clicking the Save button Save After this you can proceed to the Model inputs and outputs panel on the right to specify or adjust the detailed model parameters After creating the simulation the Scenario Chemical and Soil tabs will become available The remaining tabs will become active once you have specified at least one chemical and a valid soil profile 3 3 MANAGING YOUR SIMULATIONS The available simulations are visible in the Available simulations panel on the upper left You can select a simulation by simply clicking on it This will allow you to manage the simulation with the buttons in the Simulation summary bar Besides the Create new simulation button described above three other buttons are visible Copy selected simulation A This button allows you to copy or clone an existing simulation You will need to specify a new simulation name label and description in the Simulation summary panel after which a new simulation will be created with the same parameter values of the cloned simulation If the application type is changed parameter values can however be reset as explained above under the discussion of the application types ei Modify selected simulation You can modify the name label and description as well as the application type of the simulation that is currently sel
26. R 4 APPLICATION II SIMULATIONS Guidance with regard to the set up of a simulation follows the order of the tabs as they appear on the S Risk panel Model inputs amp outputs In case of a new simulation only the Scenario Chemical and Soil tab will be available for modification Once these are filled in the other tabs will become active In case of modification of an existing simulation all tabs will be available once the simulation is selected copied or edited 4 1 SCENARIO TAB 4 1 1 TIER 1 A drop down list is available to select the appropriate land use type for your simulation Figure 12 Once selected the land use box will show the associated exposure pathways grouped by exposure route The menu choices represent a number of default land use types with fixed parameter values Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoor air Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Switch to Tier 2 Land Use Template Light industry Land use Name Light industry m Oral Exposure Route oo m Dermal Exposure Route ntake via soil and dust Absorption from soil and dust ntake via locally prod ntake via locally produced vegetables Ke ice ntake via locally produced eggs ntake via groundwater or drinking water Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water Figure 12 Scenario tab at Tier 1 4 1 2 TIER 2 Under Tier 2 it is possible to modify the default land
27. Ss clay 10 S Delete Figure 19 Soil tab at Tier 1 22 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Switch to Tier 1 Type Generic soil layer Top of selected layer Generic soil layer m Groundwater table depth m 3 Name Generic soil layer Properties Organic matter 96 pH KCI clay Ky m7 A content mg kg Fe content mg kg Organic carbon 8a m7 m Da m m 8s mim ps kg m CEC meq 100g 6wez mim Lez m 2 5 0E0 o o 10 G 6 6E 13 1 12E1 gt 2 231 Ptot content mg kg 23 247 2 3E 1 2 0E 1 4 3E 1 1 48E3 _ 1 08E1 2 4E 1 5 0E 1 Customize Delete Figure 20 Soil tab at Tier 2 4 3 1 BUILDING THE SOIL PROFILE The soil profile is built up layer by layer by first selecting the appropriate soil type from the drop down list next to the Type label and clicking the Add button Attention When you generate a new soil profile you first need to delete the default generic soil layer by selecting it and clicking the delete button at the bottom of the tab Then you can select the appropriate soil type for the first soil layer from the drop down
28. arly averages For dietary exposure only yearly averages are calculated as the consumption figures are yearly averages Fields in the exposure tab are only accessible in case of a newly defined or customized chemical In case of a default chemical the values are visible but cannot be modified When you view the exposure tab at Tier 2 you will have an additional button called Adjust age specific weight factors Figure 40 S Risk takes into account background exposure in the risk characterization for threshold effects for which the risk is calculated using a TDI approach see Risk tab Backgound exposure via food and drinking water is added to local oral exposure background exposure via inhalation is added to local inhalation exposure In case of chemicals with only non threshold or pseudo threshold effects considered the background exposure is of less importance as it is not accounted for in the risk characterization 55 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Concentrations 1 3 Dichlorobenzene M Background exposure vis food 1 lt 3 y mog kg d 1 2E 4 3 lt 6 y mg kg d 1 3E 4 6 lt 10 y mg kg d 1 09E 4 10 lt 15 y mg kg d 8 47E 5 15 lt 21 y mg kg d 7 42E 5 21 lt 31 y mg kg d 8 92E 5 314 lt 41 y mg kg d 7 0E 5 41 lt 51 y mo kg d 7 0E 5 51 lt 61 y mg kg d 68 93E 5 gt 61 y mg kg d 8 93E 5 m Oral exposure
29. ays reported so that it will be possible to reproduce calculations based on the report it is not possible to download a separate file with the simulation set up 66 CHAPTER 5 Application III simulations CHAPTER 5 APPLICATION III SIMULATIONS When you choose application type III simulations remediation objectives will be calculated for the layer that you specify You can fill in the data for your simulation exactly the same way as you do for an application II simulation forward calculation The only difference is on the Concentrations tab and in the report 5 1 CONCENTRATION TAB In case of an application Ill you need to specify the layer for which you want the optimization calculation of remediation objective to be run This option is available at the bottom of the Concentrations tab Figure 47 This can be a soil layer or if you have chosen to have an entered groundwater concentration the groundwater layer If you have chosen to have the groundwater concentration being calculated you cannot optimize on groundwater concentration 67 CHAPTER 5 Application III simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Switch to Tier 1 1 1 1 Trichloroethane A Soil concentrations A Enable separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion depth mg kg Generic soil layer o Standard clay 4 Groundwater concentration Concentration in
30. concentrations in animal products Tier 2 54 Figure 40 Exposur tab at Tier 2 wiscac ccesceseediceceveesesnscancegevansencteaien SNE EENS ARENS ENEE des 56 Figure 41 FA as a function of B and Tevent ts equals the average turnover time of the stratum corneum and has a default value Of 14 days 58 FISUME AZ TMG WSK bale EE 59 Figure 43 Concentration limits tab at Tier 21 64 Figuire Adr Results tabirinin a a a a EEEEE AE aSk Ea da aaraa 64 Figure 45 Yellow colouring indicating the simulation is running ccssccccccecessessceeceeeeeeessesseaeees 65 Figure 46 Simulation results downloadable from Results Gab 65 Figure 47 Concentrations tab for an application Ill simulation Tier 21 67 VI List of Figures Vil CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This document describes the use of the S Risk web application version 1 0 Guidance with regard to the user interface and several model parameters is provided by means of screenshots and clarifying text Detailed information on model concepts and parameterization can be found in the Technical Guidance document CHAPTER 2 Logging in to S Risk CHAPTER 2 LOGGING IN TO S RISK S Risk is accessible through the internet You can login after starting up one of the internet browsers that is supported by the software Internet Explorere 9 FireFox 19 or Google Chrome and entering the URL hitp www s risk be The S Risk homepage will appear After
31. d be continuous within one age class In general no differentiation in slope factors unit risks will be made between age classes all age ranges assigned to age class 1 except if one wants to see the results by age category but if age differentiated reference values are available they can be used If more than one age class is defined the excess cancer risk will be shown for these age classes and for lifelong exposure It should be noted that the calculation of inhalation risk already considers age dependent factors weighting the concentrations based on dosimetry as can be accessed through the Exposure tab under the age specific weight factors Age dependent differences in the risk screen for all routes should therefore generally reflect potency and bioavailaibility differences and not intake differences It could therefore be advisable to evaluate the age dependent weighting factors and the toxicological reference values together for the inhalation route 62 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Local effects Excess lifelong cancer risks are calculated for the oral and inhalation route It is not possible to have a cancer risk calculated for local effects by the dermal route as dermal dose is calculated as an absorbed dose in the model If local dermal effects are critical the user should perform additional calculations outside S Risk by using intermediate results Toxicological reference values for local effects should be given in
32. e Value should be filled in if the fraction unpaved is less than 100 thickness of the phreatic groundwater layer e Site specific 4 4 2 PERMEATION THROUGH SUPPLY WATER PIPE Tier 1 If exposure to drinking water is an exposure pathway in the scenario the fields for permeation through supply water pipe will be active At Tier 1 three parameters should be specified depth of the supply water pipe below soil surface length of the supply water pipe through the contaminated area and suply water pipe material Permeation will be calculated if pipe material is polyethylene PE or PVC If the material is other permeation is considered to be zero and the choice of any of the other parameter values is irrelevant depth of supply water pipe e Site specific e Will link automatically to the concentration in the corresponding soil 28 CHAPTER A Application II simulations layer except if a specific soil concentration for permeation is filled in later on in the latter case only soil properties will be taken from the corresponding layer total pipe length through contaminated area e Site specific e If the representative concentration for supply water pipe deviates from the concentration in the soil profile a specific value can be filled in at the Concentration tab supply water pipe material e Site specific e Choice between PE PVC or other e f PE or PVC permeation will be calculated using the p
33. e concentrations tab Attention There is still a bug in the model that allows you to enter a concentration in basement air However as the model considers the basement and the ground floor of the building as one compartment it cannot deal with basement measurements If you would have a basement measurement you should change the building type into crawl space with appropriate settings for the quality of the floor between crawl space and indoor The quality of the floor should be set at bad quality taking into account that in reality there is often little dilution between basement and indoor air Information on the settings can be found in the technical guidance document You can then enter the basement concentration as a crawl space concentration Or you can enter the basement concentration as an indoor air concentration as a worst case assumption 52 CHAPTER A Application II simulations In case of a slab on grade building you will notice that there is a field for basement crawl space concentrations but this field is not accessible Indoor settled dust A measured concentration in indoor settled dust can be entered The relationship between the soil concentration and indoor settled dust which is used by the model then gets lost This is no problem if you make use of only one set of concentrations If you know that for your assessment there is a relation between the concentration in soil and in indoor settled du
34. e entered in two ways either as separately measured concentrations in gas phase and on PM p or as a total concentration in air You have to fill in a value for both type of concentrations if you select the option for gas phase and PM If you would have measured only the gas phase concentration or only the concentration on PMio and the chemical properties are such that the concentration on the other phase would be zero or negligible you can enter the measured concentration for the corresponding phase and fill in a zero value for the other phase If you enter the concentration as a total concentration you first have the activate the checkbox at the right of the gas phase and PM fields and subsequently the checkbox at the right of the total field This will make the total field accessible If you enter a total concentration the model will automatically distribute the concentration over gas phase and PMip according to the equation given below This is done as the model needs separate gas phase and PM concentrations for part of the transfer and exposure calculations Cgas phase 1 ES o x Ctotal air Cpm10 Y X Crotatair where 51 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Crotal air the total concentration in air mg m a phase the gas phase concentration in air mg m oun the particle concentration in air mg m d the fraction adsorbed on atmospheric aerosol particles The fraction adsorbed on atmospheric aerosol particl
35. ected in the Available simulations panel Delete selected simulation Ld This button will delete the currently selected simulation A confirmation screen will appear before the effective removal of the simulation NOTE the full configuration of the simulation will be removed from the application so be careful with this button 10 CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations 3 4 MODIFYING MODEL PARAMETERS Model parameters can be modified in the tabs on the Model inputs amp outputs panel If there is not enough space to show all tabs little arrows will appear at the left side of the tabs Figure 11 Figure 11 Scrolling tabs When you click the left arrow the tabs will move to the left When you click the right arrow the tabs will move to the right The default setting of S Risk is basic mode or Tier 1 Tier 1 provides access to a limited number of options and parameter values Tier 1 should be sufficient for initial risk assessment and more routine simulations Access to expert mode is available per tab via the Switch to Tier 2 toggle button Switch to Tier 2 _ Clicking this button will provide access to additional parameters or settings either by showing them directly on the screen or by the appearance of an additional button Switching back from expert mode to basic mode per tab is not possible because of reasons of consistency When you are in Tier 2 you can switch back to Tier 1 by clicking
36. elong pseudo risk index is calculated by averaging over all age classes It is possible to specify toxicological reference values for three age classes 1 2 and 3 This is done by selecting the appropriate age ranges for each age class in the age class age ranges table Age ranges should be continuous within one age class In general no differentiation will be made between age classes all age ranges assigned to age class 1 except if one wants to see the results by age category but if age differentiated reference values are available they can be used If more than one age class is defined the excess cancer risk will be shown for these age classes and for lifelong exposure It should be noted that the calculation of inhalation risk already considers age dependent factors weighting the concentrations based on dosimetry as can be accessed through the Exposure tab under the age specific weight factors Age dependent differences in the risk screen for all routes should therefore generally reflect potency and bioavailability differences and not intake differences It could therefore be advisable to evaluate the age dependent weighting factors and the toxicological reference values together for the inhalation route 63 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Local effects Lifelong pseudo risk indices are calculated for the oral and inhalation route It is not possible to have a risk index calculated for local effects by the dermal route as der
37. eneric soil layer o 1 0E0 1 2E1 Figure 35 Entering separate concentration profiles for outdoor transfer calculations and vapour intrusion calculations Groundwater concentration If you have chosen the option to fill in a groundwater concentration Migration to groundwater the field to enter a concentration in the Groundwater concentration block will be editable If you have chosen to have the groundwater concentration calculated by the model the field will be disabled 4 9 2 ENTERING PATHWAY SPECIFIC SOIL CONCENTRATIONS If you would have soil concentrations that are different from the overall soil profile data and that are linked to specific exposure pathways these concentrations can be entered in the block Pathway specific soil concentrations To do so activate the checkbox at the right of the corresponding soil concentration to enable the concentration field You can then enter the soil concentration Figure 36 M Pathway specific soil concentrations Soil contact amp resuspension mg kg dm Soil drinking water mg kg dm Soil plants mg kg dm Soil animals mg kg dm Figure 36 Entering pathway specific soil concentrations The pathway specific soil concentrations are used as follows e Soil contact and resuspension concentration to be used for soil ingestion dermal contact with soil and soil resuspension including subsequent transfer to the
38. er 2 some additional parameters become editable 30 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Indoor air Plants Animals Switch to Tier 2 Site characteristics Length of the site dominant wind direction m Terrain roughness length m 0 1 Wind velocity at 10m m h 12 000 PM10 concentration resulting from soil resuspension ug m 5 0E0 Enrichment factor soil gt soil derived PM10 2 Figure 23 Outdoor air tab at Tier 1 length of the site in the dominant wind e required direction e Site specific terrain roughness length Tier 2 e Default values may be modified e Values are land use specific e Values as a function of land use and land coverage can be found in the technical guidance document wind velocity at 10 m Tier 2 e Default value recommended not to modify depends upon geographical location e Equation to calculate wind velocity as a function of geographical coordinate can be found in the technical guidance document PM concentration resulting from soil Tier 2 e Default value recommended not to modify enrichment factor soil soil derived PM o Tier e Default recommended not to modify 2 except if site specific information is available e Ratio between concentration on soil derived PM and total soil concentration 31 CHAPTER A Application II simulations 4 6 INDOOR AIR TA
39. ermeation coefficient if other than permeation will be zero Tier 2 At Tier 2 three additional parameters become editable They should only be modified if site specific information is available internal radius of the supply water pipe e Default value may be modified thickness of he wall of the supply water pipe e Default value may be modified daily supply water use e Default may be modified e Default corresponds to average water use for a residence 4 4 3 DRINKING WATER EXPOSURE FACTORS The drinking water exposure factors can only be modified under Tier 2 fraction of groundwater used as drinking e Cannot be modified here can be modified water in the Scenario tab fraction of water consumption coming from e Land use specific default site e Can vary between 0 and 1 and relates to the fraction of total drinking water consumption of an individual that is from site water the fraction is set lt 1 if e g time spent on site is much less than in CHAPTER A Application II simulations residential situations cfr Industrial land use e May be modified for specific land uses Drinking water consumption can be modified at Tier 2 by clicking the Water consumption factors button Age specific values are shown Figure 22 It is recommended not to change these values without good justification values are based on high percentile water consumption in the Belgian p
40. es is given by the Junge Pankov model 8 EZ not c XO where c the Junge Pankov constant Pa m 0 17 6 the specific surface area of aerosol particles m m 1 1 x 10 urban areas Por T the subcooled liquid vapour pressure at ambient temperature T Pa For compounds that are liquids at ambient temperature the subcooled liquid vapour pressure is equal to the normal liquid vapour pressure at ambient temperature We therefore use the chemical specific vapour pressure Chemicals tab instead of the subcooled liquid vapour pressure to calculate the distribution over gas phase and particle phase The filled in concentrations will be used to overwrite model predictions gt Soil air You can overwrite the predicted concentrations in soil air by filling in a value in the soil air field If you have activated the option of a separate concentration profile for indoor vapour intrusion in the soil concentrations block you will be able here to fill in a separate soil air concentration for vapour intrusion as well You need to fill in the depth at which the soil air concentration was measured as well When you enter a measured soil air concentration this value will be the only value that is used in the volatilization calculations It will replace all of the layer dependent predicted concentrations Crawl space basement air If you have a measured concentration in crawl space or basement air you can fill the value in on th
41. esseadeeesonecces 6 Figure 6 Preferences MENU ccccccccssssssssnsececessesssssaesecececseseasaeseceeessesesaeausecesecsesssaeaaseceseeseassananseceeeess 6 Figure 7 Overview table for simulations cccceessssecececeseesesaeseceeecessesesaeaecececuseeseasaseceeecssseseaasaeeeeeens 7 Figure 8 SIMULATION overvlew dereie oorner iaioa aiir de ieaiaia aaee deitan i eka taia da Eaa Ea i Eie 8 Figure 9 Menu for managing the data during a simulation eee eeceessececeeeceseeseaeeeceeecessessaeeeeeeeens 9 Figure 10 Starting a NEW SIMULATION eegene erg A geess Ee EE EE aE Ee EAE Waeedees 9 Figure 11 Scrolling Gabes 11 Figure 12 Scenario tab at Tier 13 Figure 13 Scenario tab at Ter 2 ecccd cecsvceecetecegucdecVabededhis cd ecdssveassceda seduce EEN ace cddes EENS 14 Figure 14 Time pattern table cccssssssccececeesessseseceeecesseseaaeseceescssseeaaeseeeescsssesaaaeseeeesssssensaaeeeeess 15 Figure 15 Ingestion rates table for land uses with continuous exposutre sssssssesssssssesrrresssssseeens 16 Figure 16 Ingestion rates table for land uses with intermittent exposure ccccccccccssesssssreeeeees 16 Figure 17 Activity based weight factors for inhalation cccccccccessssssseceeececessessaeeeeeeseessesssaeeeeess 17 Figure 18 Chemicals tabiat ther gie eeben eege eege eege a aE eaaa ae 18 Figure 19 Soil tabat Tier I vx siete coeds covstecetadggedd ova bedeedls RSA d i DEENEN E e anaE 22 Figure 202Soil
42. file or the separately entered soil animal concentration see Concentration tab 4 8 2 MODIFICATION OF BIOTRANSFER FACTORS Concentrations in animal products are calculated with biotransfer factors BTF These express the ratio between the concentration in the animal product and the total intake For inorganic chemicals the BTF values are always required parameters For organic chemicals the BTF values can be filled in They can also be calculated using a BTF model for meat and dairy products The calculation is done using the log Kow of the chemical For chicken eggs a model is not implemented yet and BTF values should be filled in for all chemicals Attention For default chemicals the BTF values for chicken eggs are often set at O except for some metals This does not mean that no transfer to chicken eggs occurs but that values are not looked up So if consumption of chicken eggs is activated as an exposure pathway it is required that appropriate values are filled in even for default chemicals 4 9 CONCENTRATION TAB The Concentration tab allows you to a Enter the soil concentrations according to the specified soil profile b Enter the groundwater concentration if this option is chosen c Enter pathway specific soil concentrations d Enter concentrations in transfer media e Enter background concentrations 48 CHAPTER A Application II simulations The concentrations tab is shown in Figure
43. for the oral and or inhalation route depending on whether local effects occur by both or only one route Options for age classes and the type of toxicological reference values oral inhalation are the same as under non threshold systemic effects 4 11 3 PSEUDO THRESHOLD EFFECTS Systemic effects Pseudo risk indices are calculated by route and summed up to an overall pseudo risk index The pseudo risk index is the ratio of dose concentration to the toxicological reference value A pseudo risk index above 1 is considered unacceptable under the Flemish policy for contaminated sites As pseudo threshold effects mainly relate to carcinogens a lifelong risk index is calculated Toxicological reference value should be given for each exposure route e Oral route pTDI or pseudo Tolerable Daily Intake mg kg d e Inhalation route pTCA or pseudo Tolerable Concentration in Air mg m e Dermal route pTDU or pseudo Tolerable Daily Uptake mg kg d the reference value for the dermal route is an absorbed dose as exposure for the dermal route is calculated as an absorbed dose in many cases a separate value for systemic effects by the dermal route is not available a first step is to take the same value as the oral pTDI if the orally absorbed fraction is low then the dermal pTDU is calculated by multiplying the oral pTDI with the orally absorbed fraction more refined estimates can be required in case of route specific metabolism The lif
44. function of wall material is given in the technical guidance average floor 36 CHAPTER A Application II simulations document Relates to the basement floor concrete slab air permeability of basement walls basement Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document air filled porosity of basement basement Default good wall quality walls Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document Crawl space depth of the crawl space below soil surface Site specific pressure difference between crawl space and soil Default value recommended not to change this value except if well documented pressure difference between indoor space and crawl space Default value recommended not to change this value except if good arguments basic air exchange rate for crawl space Default may be modified basic air exchange rate for indoor space Default value is land use specific Background information is provided in the technical guidance document fraction of openings in floor Default average floor quality Guidance as a function of floor quality is given in the technical guidance document Relates to the floor between crawl space and indoor space number of openings per floor area Default recommended not to change Relates to the floor bet
45. groundwater ug l M Pathwey specific soil concentrations Soil contact amp resuspension mg kg dm Soil drinking water mg kg dm Soil plants mg kg dm Soil animals mg kg dm Concentrations in transfer media gas phase mg m PM10 mg m total mg m Outdoor air mg m Indoor air mg m vapour intrusion mg m Soil air mg m at depth m Indoor settled dust mg kg dm m Basement mg m E Plants T Animal products Drinking vater mg m M Animal related concentrations Background concentration in pasture grass mg kg dm 0 0E0 Background concentration in silage grass mg kg dm 10 0E0 Background concentration in maize mg kg dm DOE Concentrate concentration mg kg dm DOE Feed mixture concentration mg kg dm DOE Other water concentration mg m DOE Optimization citeria Optimiz Optimize on soil layer Generic soil layer Om Figure 47 Concentrations tab for an application III simulation Tier 2 Once you select the layer for which you want the optimization the field allowing you to enter soil concentrations Soil concentrations subscreen will be disabled for that layer You will still be able required to fill in concentrations for the other soil layers and if appropriate for the groundwater layer Filled in concentrations will be kept constant during optimization and only the expo
46. halation are the same as under threshold systemic effects 4 11 2 NON THRESHOLD EFFECTS Systemic effects Excess lifelong cancer risks are are calculated by route and summed up to an overall excess lifelong cancer risk The lifelong cancer risk is calculated by multiplying the dose concentration with the slope factor unit risk A lifelong cancer risk above 1 10 is considered unacceptable under the Flemish policy on contaminated sites Toxicological reference value should be given for each exposure route e Oral route SF or Slope Factor mg kg d e Inhalation route UR or Unit Risk mg m e Dermal route dermal SF or Slope Factor mg kg d the reference value for the dermal route is a slope factor related to absorbed doses as exposure for the dermal route is calculated as an absorbed dose in many cases a separate value for systemic effects by the dermal route is not available a first step is to take the same value as the oral SF if the orally absorbed fraction is low then the dermal SF is calculated by dividing the oral SF by the orally absorbed fraction more refined estimates can be required in case of route specific metabolism The lifelong cancer risk is calculated by averaging over all age classes It is possible to specify slope factors unit risks for three age classes 1 2 and 3 This is done by selecting the appropriate age ranges for each age class in the age class age ranges table Age ranges shoul
47. hemical and plant properties Potatoes Potato Root and tuberous Carrot Root and tuberous Scorzonera and parsnip Root and tuberous Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous plants Bulbous vegetables as onion Bulbous plants Leek Fruit vegetables Tomato Fruit vegetables Cucumber Fruit vegetables Other fruit vegetables as paprika Cabbages Cabbage Cabbages Cauliflower and broccoli Cabbages Brussels sprouts Leafy vegetables Lettuce Leafy vegetables Lambs lettuce Endive Leafy vegetables Spinach Leafy vegetables Chicory Leafy vegetables Celery Figure 27 Plant tab at Tier 2 with customized chemical selected indicating the BCF formula and Plant characteristics buttons 4 7 1 MODIFYING PLANT TRANSFER PROPERTIES TIER 2 Organic chemicals To modify the plant transfer properties for organic chemicals you first select the chemical for which you want to modify the data and then indicate for each plant plant type whether you want to fill in modify the data at plant type or plant level planttype plant box in the menu You can then specify the data in the Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and planttype plant menu Figure 28 40 CHAPTER A Application II simulations BCF Formulas Chemical Planttype Plant 1 1 1 Trichloroethane2 EN Display formula for planttype Potstoes Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and planttype plant O No BCF or concentration formula t
48. hen entering or modifying data during the creation of a simulation data entry can be managed from the menu at the top of the simulation details panel Figure 9 CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations Figure 9 Menu for managing the data during a simulation e Reset defaults button deh this button is relevant to the first three tabs and restores the selected land use selected chemical or soil type to the defaults it was derived from e Cancel button B data changes since the last save action are canceled e Save simulation button 2 data are saved e Help button In addition to pressing the Save simulation button data are also saved when you switch tabs 3 2 STARTING A NEW SIMULATION Figure 10 Starting a new simulation A new simulation can be started by clicking the Create new simulation button B in the Simulation summary header The Simulation summary fields will become active and the Name Label and Description of the simulation need to be filled in before proceeding It is up to the user to provide sensible names labels and descriptions for the various simulations The label field ca for instance be used as a uniform identifier of simulations within a company Also you need to indicate the application type for your simulation e Type generic soil remediation value the model will calculate soil remediation values with default settings You can cho
49. hich parameter values were used Once a simulation is created its parameter values will NOT be adjusted not even when the S Risk application itself is updated For instance when a simulation created in S Risk 1 0 3 is simulated in 11 CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations S Risk 1 0 10 the old default parameter values will be used as input for the 1 0 10 model calculations unless they were adjusted by the user him herself One important exception to this rule is the buffer space parameter This is the minimum distance between contamination and building floor that is considered when calculating volatilization of a compound from soil groundwater to the indoor environment This parameter is not available in the S Risk interface and hence can not be adjusted by the user but it is included in the report e In application the buffer space is 0 75m e In applications II amp III the buffer space is 0 10m IMPORTANT in S Risk versions before 1 0 10 the buffer space was set to 0 05m for applications II and III When the application type for such older pre 1 0 10 simulations is changed the buffer space parameter is adjusted too to the new value 0 10m for applications II and Ill If the application type is not changed for a pre 1 0 10 simulation the old buffer space value remains unchanged 0 05m for applications II and III just as described earlier for the other parameters 12 CHAPTER A Application II simulations CHAPTE
50. iate depth in the concentrations tab 4 3 2 MODIFYING SOIL PROPERTIES Modifying soil properties at Tier 1 At tier 1 three soil properties can be modified by selecting the field and modifying the value Figure 19 organic matter pH KCI and clay content Although these parameters have default values in the database they are considered required site specific information organic matter e Required site specific e The organic carbon content is 24 CHAPTER A Application II simulations automatically calculated from the organic matter concent e Used for calculation of distribution in soil pH_KCl e Required site specific e Soil pH should be filled in as a pH KCl measurement the model automatically converts the value to pH CaCl inorganic chemicals or pH H O dissociating organic chemicals e Parameter only important for inorganic chemicals if the Kd relation and or BCF relation has a slope for pH CaCl and for organic dissociating chemicals clay e Required site specific e Should be consistent with soil type chosen impact on choice of other soil properties e Used for Kd BCF calculations of inorganic chemicals if the relation has a slope factor for clay content When soil properties deviate significantly from the values in the default database it is recommended to switch to Tier 2 Modifying soil properties at Tier 2 Additional soil properties can be modified at Tier 2 by selecting
51. indoor environment 50 CHAPTER A Application II simulations e Soil drinking water concentration to be used to calculate the permeation through supply water pipes the properties of the layer corresponding to the depth of the supply water pipe as entered on the Water tab will be used e Soil plants concentration to be used for plant uptake calculations vegetables grass and maize replaces the default selection of the concentration of the top 30 cm of soil which is a weighted average concentration of layers in case of differentiation in soil profile within 30 cm of depth e Soil animals concentration to be used for soil ingestion by animals 4 9 3 ENTERING CONCENTRATIONS IN TRANSFER MEDIA Concentrations in transfer media can be entered at Tier 1 for air settled dust and drinking water At Tier 2 concentrations in plants and animal products can be entered as well Figure 37 You can enter the concentrations after activating the checkbox at the right of the corresponding field Concentrations in transfer media 3 gas phase mg m PM10 mg m total mg m Outdoor air mg m gt W Indoor air mg m vapour intrusion mg m at depth m Basement mg m Plants Soil air mg m Indoor settled dust mg kg dm gt Animal products Drinking water mg m Figure 37 Entering concentrations in transfer media Outdoor air and indoor air Outdoor and indoor air concentrations can b
52. is coming from the site the concentration for the local fraction is taken from the calculated or entered concentration in grass If the entered value for the local fraction is lt 1 the concentration for the non local fraction is taken from the Concentration tab background concentrations The animal exposure concentration is a weighted average of local and non local concentration local fraction of silage grass D Fraction between O and 1 of silage grass in diet that is coming from the site the concentration for the local fraction is taken from the calculated or entered concentration in grass If the entered value for the local fraction is lt 1 the concentration for the non local fraction is taken from the Concentration tab background concentrations The animal exposure concentration is a weighted average of local and non local concentration local fraction of maize e Fraction between 0 and 1 of maize in diet that is coming from the site the concentration for the local fraction is 46 CHAPTER A Application II simulations taken from the calculated or entered concentration in maize e f the entered value for the local fraction is lt 1 the concentration for the non local fraction is taken from the Concentration tab background concentrations e The animal exposure concentration is a weighted average of local and non local concentration When you click the Animal intake data
53. it vegetables Cucumber Fruit vegetables Other fruit vegetables as paprika Cabbages Cabbage Cabbages Cauliflower and broccoli Cabbages Brussels sprouts Lesty vegetables Lettuce Leafy vegetables Lambs lettuce Leafy vegetables Endive Leafy vegetables Spinach Lesty vegetables Chicory Lesty vegetables Celery Leguminous vegetables Beans Leguminous vegetables Peas Figure 26 Plant tab at Tier 1 with customized chemical selected The three parameters can be modified at Tier 1 under the condition of a new or customized chemical volumetric washout factor for particles e Generic default value of 500 000 e Factor used in the calculation of particle deposition on above ground plant parts a metabolism e Generic default value of 0 e Metabolization rate in the plant a photodegradation e Generic default value of O e Photodegradation rate in above ground plant parts The method for plant concentration calculation box gives a summary of how plant transfer is calculated for each of the vegetables plant and or vegetable groups plant type on the screen The table shows you the list of vegetables that is built in the model 2 column Each vegetable belongs to a vegetable group or plant type 1 column With regard to animal exposure grass and maize are provided Then four columns are available that indicate which option for plant transfer calculation is selected 39 CHAPTER A Application II simulation
54. l surface slab on grade thickness of the floor basement e Site specific e Floor in contact with the soil slab on grade surface area of the floor of the basement e Site specific basement slab slab on grade volume of the basement basement e Site specific 34 CHAPTER A Application II simulations thickness of basement walls basement e Site specific surface area of basement walls basement e Site specific Crawl space volume of the indoor space Site specific Assumed to relate to ground floor only depth of the crawl space below soil surface Site specific thickness of the floor Site specific Relates to floor between crawl space and indoor surface area of the floor of the crawl space e Site specific volume of the crawl space e Site specific surface area of basement walls e Site specific thickness of crawls space walls e Site specific Tier 2 Basement and slab on grade option gaps and holes pressure difference between basement indoor space and soil slab on grade Default value recommended not to change this value except if well documented basic air exchange rate forindoor basement space slab on grade Default value is land use specific Background information is provided in the technical guidance document fraction of openings in floor basement slab on grade Default normal floor quality
55. list There are two ways to build the soil profile 23 CHAPTER A Application II simulations 1 The first option is to start with adding all layers of the soil profile by selecting the appropriate soil type and clicking the Add button This is repeated for each layer in the soil profile All added layers will appear in the list of added layers The first layer added will appear with a depth of 0 m The subsequently added layers will have a depth that shows an increase of 0 1 m with regard to the previous one This way the layers appear in the order you entered them After addition of all layers you can modify the depth according to the real profile by selecting the layer and modifying the depth in the field Top of selected layer 2 The first option is to add each layer and immediately enter the depth according to your soil profile The layer that is added first will have a depth of O m assigned by the model Each subsequently added layer will have a depth of 0 1 m and is selected so that you can access the field Top of selected layer and enter the appropriate depth By following this option it is possible that the last added layer does not appear in the profile on correct depth as it will have a depth of 0 1 m Once you entered the correct depth the layer will be shifted to its correct place in the profile Attention The depth of the groundwater table should be below the depth of the building slab basemen
56. mag d Sheep meat BTF mg kg fw mg d Figure 31 Animal tab at Tier 1 Tier 2 Chicken soil to egg BTF ma kg fwy mag d Chicken feed to egg BTF ma kg fwy mg d Use model Use model Use model Use model Use model 0 0E0 S 0 0E0 3 At Tier 2 all feed fields will become editable and an additional button Animal intake data will appear on the Animal tab Figure 32 45 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Switch to Tier 1 Animal Intake Data Chicken Wi Free range chickens Fraction of groundwater 0 5 Fraction of supply water 0 Fraction of other water 0 5 Cattle Beef cattle Time fraction for winter diet Local fraction of pasture grass 4 Local fraction of silage grass 4 Local fraction of maize 4 0 54 summer Fraction of groundwater consumed LI Fraction of supply water consumed 0 Milk cattle Sheep 530 54 53 0 33 ECH 53 4 ECH SCH ECH ECH winter summer winter KA h h r Sdo 53 0 53 o 58 lo summer winter KN gt S l0 G Figure 32 Animal parameters on Animal tab at Tier 2 time fraction of winter diet e Time fraction between 0 and 1 that the animal is fed the winter diet time fraction for winter diet relates to the time in the stable during winter period local fraction of pasture grass e Fraction between 0 and 1 of pasture grass in diet that
57. mal dose is calculated as an absorbed dose in the model If local dermal effects are critical the user should perform additional calculations outside S Risk by using intermediate results Toxicological reference values for local effects should be given in for the oral and or inhalation route depending on whether local effects occur by both or only one route Options for age classes and the type of toxicological reference values oral inhalation are the same as under pseudo threshold systemic effects 4 11 4 DEFAULT CHOICE In the absence of more specific information the default choice is as follows similar to what was available in Vlier Humaan e Threshold effects systemic effects in case of non carcinogens or carcinogens with a threshold for effects o Age classes 1 1 lt 3 yr 3 lt 6 yr 2 6 lt 10 yr 10 lt 15 yr 3 gt 15 yr o TDI TCA values are the same for each age class attention TCA is in mg m o Dermal TDU is the same as the oral TDI e Non threshold effects systemic effects in case of carcinogens with no threshold for effects o Age classes 1 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 2 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 3 gt 15 o Oral SF inhalation UR values are the same for each age class attention to units for inhalation the unit should be mg m o Dermal SF is the same as the oral SF 4 12 CONCENTRATION LIMITS TAB The value in the concentration limits tab are only accessible in case of a newly defined o
58. me of the indoor space m7 150 Pressure difference between indoor space and soil Pa 1 Basic air exchange rate for indoor space 1 d 24 Thickness ofthe floor m GES Surface area of the floor m7 en Fractions of openings in floor mim Number of openings per floor area Um Depth of the basement floor below soil surface m Volume of the basement m Air permeability of the basement wall m 10 0E 12 Air filled porosity of the basement wall ESP Thickness of the walls m Di Surface area of the basement walls m ep Zi i i i i i Zi i i i i i i m Indoor settled dust Fraction of soil in indoor dust 0 5 Enrichment factor from soil to indoor dust 15 m Indoor PM10 Ratio between indoor outdoor PM10 11 m Bathroom air Volume of the bathroom m 15 Volume of the shower stall m ER Ventilation rate in the bathroom 1 h ba Time patterns bathing and showering Figure 25 Indoor air tab at Tier 2 4 6 1 VAPOUR INTRUSION The vapour intrusion module of S Risk calculates the concentration to indoor air of a building resulting from vapour intrusion Vapour intrusion from soil and or groundwater is calculated The processes diffusion and convection are modeled The concentration in indoor air is calculated for each soil layer and for the groundwater layer The highest concentrations is taken forward in the exposure calculation
59. most recent calculation failed only visible for your own simulations e Yellow colour calculations are running for your simulation e Blue colour selected simulation summary information visible in simulation summary panel 3 1 3 SIMULATION SUMMARY Summary information regarding the currently selected simulation will be displayed on the lower left Depending on your browser the summary information will show a graphical representation of CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations the soil profile as is the case in the above screenshot or will indicate that this feature is not supported this is the case for browsers that to nog support HTMLS canvas e g Internet Explorer 8 or lower The absence of this overview graphic does not impact the S Risk model calculations in any way soil profile soil profile soil profile beginnend bij generic P 1 1 1 Trichloroethane Generic soil remediation value II Site specific risk assessment lll Site specific remediation objectives Vlaanderen D Figure 8 Simulation overview Three actions can be performed on a selected simulation e copy O e edit el e delete E Evidently you can also start a new simulation Led Information with regard to the requirements for a new simulation are given in 3 2 Starting a new simulation Further details for managing existing simulations are given in 3 3 Managing your simulations 3 1 4 MANAGING THE DATA DURING A SIMULATION W
60. nd transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties 4 8 ANIMALS TAB The animals tab is only of importance if there is exposure of animals cattle sheep chicken on a farm or for local consumption The animals tab allows you to a Modify cattle and chicken exposure parameters time pattern feed pattern b Enter or modify transfer factors to animal products for new or customized chemicals At Tier 1 you will be able to change the contribution of water sources that are used as drinking water for cattle sheep and chicken the latter in case you included chicken eggs as an exposure pathway in a customized scenario In addition when dealing with a newly defined or customized chemical you will have access to the fields for specification of the biotransfer factors BTF Concentrations in cattle and in chicken eggs are taken forward to exposure calculations Concentrations in sheep meat are only used to compare with concentration limits Concentrations in chicken meat are not calculated by the model 4 8 1 MOFICATION OF CATTLE AND CHICKEN EXPOSURE PARAMETERS Tier 1 At Tier 1 Figure 31 it possible to modify e Drinking water sources for chicken if the local chicken egg consumption exposure pathway is active e Drinking water sources for cattle and sheep You can specify the fraction of groundwater and the fraction of supply water Depending upon your settings the groundwater concentration is either calculated
61. nt transfer calculations D_pe permeation coefficient through polyethylene D_pvc permeation coefficient through PVC required these values are used to calculate the permeation diffusion through supply water pipes D_a diffusion coefficient in air D_w diffusion coefficient in water optional these values are used to calculate diffusion parameters related to evaporation to ambient air and vapour intrusion into buildings if no value is filled in the values are calculated from molecular weight 4 3 SOILTAB The soil tab allows you to a define the soil profile and b specify the properties for the unsaturated soil layers When accessing the Soil tab for a new simulation a default soil profile consisting of a single unsaturated layer and a groundwater table at 3 m depth will be visible defaults of application as shown in Figure 19 for Tier 1 and in Figure 20 for Tier 2 When accessing the Soil tab under an existing simulation the soil profile entered will be visible Selecting a soil layer by clicking on it shows the parameters of that soil layer 21 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Water Outdoor air Indoorair Plants Animals Switch to Tier 2 Type Generic soil layer Top of selected layer m Generic soil layer Groundwater table depth m 3 Name Generic soil layer Properties Organic matter 2 S pH KCI 5 0E0
62. nts List of Figures CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 Logging in to S Risk CHAPTER3 Managing simulations 3 1 The overview screen 3 1 1 Menu bar 3 1 2 Overview table for simulations 3 1 3 Simulation summary 3 1 4 Managing the data during a simulation 3 2 Starting a new simulation 3 3 Managing your simulations 3 4 Modifying model parameters 3 5 About S Risk versions and simulations CHAPTER A Application II simulations 4 1 Scenario tab 4 1 1 Tier 1 4 1 2 Tier 2 A3 Chemicals tab 4 2 1 Adding default chemicals 4 2 2 Modifying a chemical Tier 2 4 2 3 Adding a new chemical 4 3 Soil tab 4 3 1 Building the soil profile 4 3 2 Modifying soil properties 4 4 Water tab 4 4 1 Leaching to groundwater 10 11 11 13 13 13 13 17 17 18 18 21 23 24 26 27 Table of Contents 4 4 2 Permeation through supply water pipe 4 4 3 Drinking water exposure factors 4 5 Outdoor air tab 4 6 Indoor air tab 4 6 1 Vapour intrusion 4 6 2 Other indoor parameters 4 7 Plants tab 4 7 1 Modifying plant transfer properties Tier 2 4 7 2 Modifying plant properties Tier 2 4 8 Animals tab 4 8 1 Mofication of cattle and chicken exposure parameters 4 8 2 Modification of biotransfer factors 4 9 Concentration tab 4 9 1 Entering soil and groundwater concentrations 4 9 2 Entering pathway specific soil concentrations 4 9 3 Entering concentrations in transfer media 4 9 4 Entering animal related concentrations 4
63. o be used BCF BCF unit for organic chemicals is equal to mg kg dm mg m EZE Figure 28 Menu for BCE formulas for organic chemicals There are two options for organic chemicals e No BCF or concentration formula to be used if you select this option the concentration in the plant for that plant or plant type will be calculated by the model using chemical and plant properties e BCF if you have a BCF value for the plant or plant type you can fill the value in note that the units are mg kg dm in the plant per mg m soil solution It is necessary that a selection is made for each plant or at least plant type Inorganic chemicals To modify the plant transfer properties for inorganic chemicals you first select the chemical for which you want to modify the data and then indicate for each plant plant type whether you want to fill in modify the data at plant type or plant level planttype plant box in the menu You can then specify the data in the Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and planttype plant menu Figure 29 41 CHAPTER A Application II simulations BCF Formulas Chemical Planttype Plant MyCadmium E Display formula for planttype Potatoes Display formula for plant Potato Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and planttype plant No BCF or concentration formula to be used BCF log BCF log Soil conc log Fe log Pt
64. o take into account differences in relative bioavailability of chemicals when present in soil indoor settled dust or water compared to the oral bioavailability corresponding with the toxicological threshold At present values are set at 1 by default meaning that differences in bioavailability are not accounted for It is recommended not to change the values for soil and dust at the generic level if this is not supported yet by policy You could change the values at a higher level assessment if you have site specific information that justifies values lower than 1 The relative bioavailability from water could be higher than 1 Changing this value is only appropriate if well documented from toxicity and toxicodynamic studies 4 10 3 ADJUST AGE SPECIFIC WEIGHT FACTORS Age specific weight factors for inhalation can only be modified at Tier 2 These factors represent corrections that take into account physiological differences in children such as the higher ventilation rate on a body weight basis compared to adults which could impact inhalation exposure of children They should only be modified if you have good scientific information based on the type of toxic action If you would have toxicological values for inhalation Risk tab that take into account children s sensitivity you should consider whether the age specific weight factors can be set at 1 for these age categories 4 10 4 DERMAL EXPOSURE PARAMETERS The subscreen related to de
65. oduced eggs because this could lead to inconsistent settings Some of the exposure pathways are linked such that when de activating activating one of them will automatically impact the de activation activation of the other If a certain exposure pathway is deactivated the associated parameters in the subsequent tabs become irrelevant This will be indicated when the tabs are discussed Modifying the scenario by modification of exposure factors Following exposure factors can be modified in the scenario tab for a customized land use Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water By default the fraction of groundwater used as drinking water for human consumption is set to 0 This can be modified by adding a fraction value between 0 and 1 in the Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water field The calculations will then use a fraction weighted concentration based on the groundwater and water supply concentrations 14 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Time patterns on site The time spent on the site can be modified by clicking the Time patterns on site button A table will appear Figure 14 Time patterns on site Sleep h d Awake inside h d Outside h d Total on site h d weekly exposure frequency d wk yearly exposure frequency wk y 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 1 lt 3yrs 3 lt 6yrs 6 lt 10yrs 10 lt 15yrs 21 lt 31yrs 31 lt 41yrs 41 lt 51yrs 51 lt 61yrs gt 61
66. once again the toggle button Switch to Tier 1 Switch to Tier 1 Data that have been modified under Tier 2 will keep their customized values Some fields are provided with a text balloon Sd Clicking this symbol allows you to fill in comments for this field For some fields it is required to fill in a comment when the parameter value or setting is changed In that case the comment field will open automatically when the value is changed If a field is provided with a comment the text balloon will appear with a small pencil f 3 5 ABOUT S RISK VERSIONS AND SIMULATIONS The S Risk web application is continuously being worked on and regularly new application updates are made available online Each of these updates is uniquely identified with a version number and can contain both changes to the model code calculations as to the default parameter values Consequently for each simulation there are 2 version numbers that are determining for the end result e the version in which the simulation was created determining the set of default parameter values used to initialize the simulation and e the version in which the simulation was last calculated determining the actual model version used for calculations To keep this transparent and clear every generated PDF report mentions both versions at the bottom of the page This makes it easier for third parties to evaluate the simulation results and get an immediate idea of w
67. opulation Water Consumption Water Consumption day lt 3yrs 3 0E 1 3 lt 6yrs 3 13E 1 6 lt 10yrs 3 81E 1 10 lt 15yrs 6 49E 1 15 lt 21yrs 9 99E 1 21 lt 31yrs 1 759E0 31 lt 41yrs 2 231E0 41 lt 51yrs 2 199E0 51 lt 61yrs 1 798E0 gt 61yrs 1 59E0 OK Cancel Figure 22 Water consumption table editable at Tier 2 4 5 OUTDOOR AIR TAB Detailed information with regard to outdoor air should be looked at if there is potential outdoor air exposure either due to volatilization or to soil resuspension Soil resuspension should also be looked in view of the indoor inhalation exposure pathway through suspended particles The Outdoor air tab Figure 23 allows to specify a number of parameters for a dilution in ambient air and b soil resuspension Concentrations in outdoor air due to volatilization are calculated for each specified soil layer and for the groundwater layer The soil concentration for each layer is assigned to the top of that layer to calculate the diffusion to the soil surface except for the top layer Dilution in ambient air is calculated using a box model In a final step the highest resulting outdoor air concentration is selected for further calculations The concentration as a result of soil resuspension is added to the concentration due to volatilization to calculate a final overall air concentration At Tier 1 only the length of the site in the dominant wind direction can be filled in At Ti
68. or entered the supply water concentration is calculated or can be overwritten in the Concentration tab If the sum of the fraction of groundwater and supply water does not equal 1 the remaining fraction is assigned to other water for which a concentration has to be entered in the Concentration tab The final water concentration is then a weighted average of the groundwater supply water and other water concentrations 44 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Switch to Tier 2 Chicken HM Free range chickens Fraction of groundwater Fraction of supply water 0 Fraction of other water 0 Cattle Beef cattle Milk cattle Sheep Time fraction for winter diet 0 54 0 54 0 33 Local fraction of pasture grass 4 4 1 Local fraction of silage grass 4 4 4 Local fraction of maize 4 4 4 summer winter summer winter summer winter Fraction of groundwater consumed 1 ECH 3h 3h Fraction of supply water consumed oo Sdo E 0 n S lo Kl S38 m BTF Factors 1 1 1 Trichloroethane2 Ka MyCadmium 1 4 Dichlorobenzene Cow meat BTF mg kg fw ma d Cow liver BTF mg kg fw mag d Cow kidney BTF ma kg fw mag d Cow milk BTF ma kg fw
69. ories two options related to the type of endpoints are available e Systemic effects the critical endpoint is a systemic effect meaning that the effects occurs at a site in the body distant from the site of entry exposure is combined across routes taking into account differences in potency or bioavailability by route the the risk index or 60 CHAPTER A Application II simulations excess lifelong cancer risk is calculated for each exposure route and the risk indices or excess lifelong cancer risks are summed to an overall risk index or excess lifelong cancer risk e Local effects the critical endpoint s is are route specific the effect occurs at the portal of entry exposure is not combined across routes a risk index excess lifelong cancer risk is calculated for the oral and for the inhalation route As chemicals sometimes have different types of health endpoints carcinogenic and non carcinogenic local and systemic it is possible to activate the options simultaneously This enables the risk indices or excess lifelong cancer risks corresponding to each selection to be calculated and reported in one run Each category and type of effect can be activated deactivated by clicking the corresponding checkbox Once activated default settings for age categories and averaging will appear and can be modified by the user 4 11 1 THRESHOLD EFFECTS Systemic effects Risk indices are calculated by route and summed up to an
70. ose land use type soil type and chemical You can only modify certain soil type parameters and chemical parameters all other parameter will be kept at their defaults CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations e Type ll site specific risk assessment the full flexibility of the model is provided under this option You can fill in site specific information for a human health risk assessment Human risks will be calculated starting from soil and or groundwater concentration measurements forward calculation e Type Ill site specific remediation objectives the full flexibility of the model is provided under this option and all site specific information can be entered The soil layer for which you want the remediation objective to be calculated should be specified in the Concentrations tab backward calculation we calculate soil concentrations corresponding to certain risk thresholds Simulations are created as application by default You can modify the application type by selecting application II or Ill NOTE When switching back from application type II or III to application type following changes will occur only 1 soil layer will be retained if no soil layer was created yet a generic layer will be created some settings are restored to their defaults such as buffer length calculation of leaching Chemicals and land uses even when customized will be retained It is therefore recommended not to switch back from application II or I
71. ot log Ah pH KCI log OM log conc plant log Soil conc log Fe log Ptot log Al pH KCI log OM BCF unit for inorganic chemicals is equal to kg soil dm kg plant dm orl Cancel Figure 29 Menu for BCF formulas for inorganic chemicals For inorganic chemicals it is required to fill in a BCF either at plant level or at plant type level The model has no equations to estimate the BCF value As an example from Figure 29 the plant type potatoes has no BCF as indicated by the marked radio button No BCF or concentration formula to be used In that case there will be a BCF value at the level of the plant potatoes Vice versa it is possible to have the radio button No BCF or concentration formula to be used marked for a plant but then there needs to be a BCF at plant type level There are three options to fill in a BCF at either plant or plant type level e BCF a single BCF value can be filled in e Log BCF a BCF relation can be filled in this relation expresses the log BCF as a function of the log of the soil concentration and a number of soil related parameters an intercept and slope factors are required they can be 0 e Log conc plant a plant relation can be filled in this relation expresses the log of the plant concentration as a function of the log of the soil concentration and a number of soil related parameters an intercept and slope factors are required
72. overall risk index The risk index is the ratio of dose concentration to the toxicological reference value A risk index above 1 is considered unacceptable under the Flemish policy for contaminated sites Toxicological reference value should be given for each exposure route e Oral route TDI or Tolerable Daily Intake mg kg d e Inhalation route TCA or Tolerable Concentration in Air mg m e Dermal route TDU or Tolerable Daily Uptake mg kg d the reference value for the dermal route is an absorbed dose as exposure for the dermal route is calculated as an absorbed dose in many cases a separate value for systemic effects by the dermal route is not available a first step is to take the same value as the oral TDI if the orally absorbed fraction is low then the dermal TDU is calculated by multiplying the oral TDI with the orally absorbed fraction more refined estimates can be required in case of route specific metabolism There are three age classes for which a risk index can be calculated By default the age classes are set as follows e Ageclass1 1 lt 3yr 3 lt 6yr e Ageclass 2 6 lt 10yr 10 lt 15 yr e Ageclass 3 gt 15 yr This can be modified if the risk index should be calculated for a different range of ages by clicking the check boxes in the age class age ranges table A condition is set that within an age class the ages selected should be continuous In addition to specifying the age range per age class it is possible
73. plication II simulations If you prefer to have the groundwater concentration calculated from the unsaturated soil profile by S Risk you should select the Calculate groundwater concentration option The fields in the dilution factors for groundwater box will be available then at Tier 1 and Tier 2 The groundwater concentration due to leaching from the unsaturated zone is calculated according to a steady state mass balance model similar to the F Leach Tier 1 approach Default values are consistent with the F Leach parameterization Guidance on choices for the site specific parameters except for length of the source area can be found in the documentation of the F Leach model on the OVAM website http www ovam be jahia Jahia pid 1652 The concentration in groundwater due to leaching will be calculated for each specified soil layer under the Soil tab Finally the maximum value will be taken forward to the exposure calculations hydraulic conductivity e Site specific hydraulic gradient e Site specific length of source area e Site specific percentage unpaved e By default this value is set at 100 e Could be lowered to represent site specific conditions e f percentage unpaved is less than 100 a value for the infiltration rate for the paved area should be specified infiltration rate in the vadose zone unpaved e Default value recommended not to area modify infiltration rate in the vadose zone paved area
74. r customized chemical In case of a default chemical the values are only visible Figure 43 To fill in values select the chemical for which you want to enter of modify values and go to the appropriate fields The concentration limits tab allows you to enter legal concentration limits with which predicted or measured concentrations in transfer media are compared It is not required to fill in limits for all fields fields can be left empty if there are no values For plant concentration limits it is possible to enter limits at the level of the plant or to group plants and enter a limit at group level The groups are marked by grey white colouring If you would like to enter a limit value at group level you can activate one of the checkboxes of that group The other checkboxes of that group will be activated after pressing lt Enter gt You can then fill in the limit for either field of that group and after pressing lt Enter gt the value will automatically be copied to the other fields of that group 64 CHAPTER A Application II simulations MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzene CC Environmental concentration limits Drinking water mg m 12 0E3 Outdoor air mg m 2E 1 Indoor air mg m 2E 1 m Animal product concentration limits Beef mg kg fv Sheep mg kg fv Liver mg kg fv Kidney mg kg fw Milk mg kg Butter mg kg fw Eggs mg kg fw m Feed concentration limits Grass mg kg fw Maize mg kg
75. rmal Units Oral SF 1 mg kg bw d Inhalation UR 1 mg m Dermal SF 1 mg kg bw d J Local effects 1 2 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 gt 15 SFIUR oral inhalation 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 gt 15 pTDI pTCA oral inhalation dermal Units Oral pTDI mg kg Da di Inhalation pTCA mg m Dermal pTDI mg kg bw d Local effects 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 gt 15 pTDI pTCA oral inhalation Figure 42allows you to modify or fill in the toxicological reference values for the substances selected This tab is only accessible when you have a modified chemical or a newly defined chemical Risk indices and excess cancer risks are calculated for long term exposure the toxicological reference values should therefore correspond to long term exposure If short term effects are critical the user can take intermediate outputs of the model daily averages and calculate short term risks manually 59 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Switch to Tier 2 1 1 1 Trichloroetharg MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzen m Threshold effects Non threshold effects Pseudo threshold effects Systemic effect Systemic effects Systemic effects 1 1 1 lt 3 1 lt 3 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 3 lt 6 3 lt 6 E 6 lt 10 6 lt 10 e 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 10 lt 15
76. rmal exposure parameters allows you to fill in the appropriate parameter values for dermal absorption from soil and dust and from water Dermal exposure is always calculated as an absorbed dose for which absorption values are needed Dermal absorption from water is calculated using a K dermal permeability coefficient value For inorganic chemicals this is a required value For organic chemicals this value can be calculated by the model In that case you should activate the checkbox at the right of the K field Kp e Dermal absorption from water e Required for inorganic chemicals e For organic chemicals a value can be filled in or can be estimated by S Risk estimation is not recommended for chlorinated chemicals FA e Used to calculated dermal absorption from water e FA 1 for inorganic chemicals e For organic chemicals the application domain should be 57 CHAPTER A Application II simulations checked S Risk calculates B and t event which can be used to check FA if the chemical falls within the application domain FA 1 otherwise FA should be read from Figure 41 ABSdermal soil dust e The dermally absorbed fraction from soil or dust e Required value 340 1 000 34 0 100 3 ki 0 010 T event 0 001 Tevent hr for Gees 14 d 0 01 O1 1 10 B Figure 41 FA as a function of B and Tevent ts equals the average turnover time of the stratum corneum and has a default
77. rns bathing and showering button on the bottom of the screen It is recommended not to change these values without good justification 4 7 PLANTS TAB The plants tab should only be looked at if there is either exposure of cattle or chicken or consumption of local vegetables by residents The plants tab allows you to specify a Chemical specific transfer factors for vegetables and animal feed plants and 38 CHAPTER A Application II simulations b Modify plant properties The chemical specific factors are only accessible in case of a customized or newly added chemical At Tier 1 the tab shows you three parameters values volumetric washout factor metabolization rate and photodegradation rate and a table giving the overview of the way the concentration in the plant is calculated for each plant or plant type Figure 26 Switch to Tier2 Choose chemical 4 4 1 Trichloroethane2 MyCadmium 1 4 Dichlorobenzene Volumetric washout factor for particles Deng 000 metabolism 1 4 b 0E0 a photodegradation 1 0 Hoen Method for plant concentration calculation 3 No calculation possible Calculation using plant BCF Calculation using plant type BCF Calculation using chemical and plant properties Potatoes Potato Root and tuberous Carot Root and tuberous Scorzonera and parsnip Root and tuberous Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous plants Bulbous vegetables as onion Bulbous plants Leek Fruit vegetables Tomato Fru
78. rs 0 0E0 0 0E0 15 lt 21yrs 2 6E1 2 0E 1 21 lt 31yrs 2 6E1 2 0E 1 31 lt 41yrs 2 6E1 2 0E 1 41 lt 51yrs 2 6E1 2 0E 1 51 lt 61yrs 2 6E1 2 0E 1 gt 61yrs 2 6E1 2 0E 1 Ok Cancel Figure 15 Ingestion rates table for land uses with continuous exposure Ingestion Rates IR soil hourly mg h IR dust hourly mg h 1 lt 3yrs 2 6E1 4 0E0 3 lt 6yrs 2 0E1 3 0E0 6 lt 10yrs 1 3E1 2 0E0 10 lt 15yrs 1 1E1 2 0E0 15 lt 21yrs 9 0E0 2 0E0 21 lt 31yrs 5 0E0 1 8E0 31 lt 41yrs 5 0E0 1 8E0 41 lt 51yrs 5 0E0 1 8E0 51 lt 61yrs 5 0E0 1 8E0 gt 61yrs 5 0E0 1 8E0 OK Cancel Figure 16 Ingestion rates table for land uses with intermittent exposure Inhalation weight factors Inhalation exposure and corresponding risk is calculated as a time weighted concentration To account for differences in inhalation rate by activity inhalation weight factors are used These can be modified by clicking the Inhalation weight factors button The weight factors express the ratio of the inhalation rate at the activity level compared to the inhalation rate at normal activity i e inhalation rates for residential scenarios These weight factors are expected to be independent of age so the same value should be used for all age classes Figure 17 16 CHAPTER A Application II simulations The influence of age on inhalation is taken into account in a different weight factor present under the Exposure tab Ingestion Rates
79. s e No calculation possible no selection available on BCF model to be used calculation of plant transfer will not be possible e Calculation using plant BCF a plant transfer factor bioconcentration factor or BCF is filled in at the level of the plant e Calculation using plant type BCF a plant transfer factor bioconcentration factor or BCF is filled in at the level of plant type the BCF will then automatically be assigned to the vegetables belonging to that plant type e Calculation using chemical and plant properties this option is only available for organic chemicals no BCF has to be filled in and plant transfer will be calculated by the model using chemical specific properties Kow Koa H and plant properties see plant characteristics The information behind this summary table can for a customized or newly added chemical be accessed under Tier 2 by clicking the BCF formulas button For a default chemical the information can only be viewed At Tier 2 also the button Plant characteristics becomes visible Figure 27 Switch to Tier 1 Choose chemical 1 1 4 Trichloroethane2 MyCadmium 4 4 Dichlorobenzene Volumetric washout factor for particles Geng 000 metabolism 1 6 aen a photodegradation 1 d 0 0E0 BCF Formulas Plant characteristics Method for plant concentration calculation 3 No calculation possible Calculation using plant BCF Calculation using plant type BCF Calculation using c
80. s The vapour intrusion tab allows the selection of a building type from the Building type drop down menu You can choose between e basement a basement with concrete floor the calculations assume that basement and building form one space there is no limitation on the exchange between basement and indoor air e slab on grade building without basement but with a concrete floor in contact with soil 33 CHAPTER A Application II simulations e crawl space a building with a crawl space the floor of the crawl space is formed by the soil layer below it the crawl space is considered as a separate compartment with a calculated flux from crawl space to indoor air The option of a crawl space with concrete floor is not provided in the model yet If you would like to perform calculations for a crawl space with concrete floor you can perform a two step approach by first selecting the basement option and then entering the dimensions of the crawl space as if the total building had crawl space dimensions and appropriate parameter values for ventilation of the crawl space In a second run a crawl space is selected and the indoor situation is parameterized as appropriate for the site The resulting indoor air concentration from the first run can then in the second run be filled in as if it was a measured crawl space concentration in the Concentrations tab A second choice to be made is the State of floor menu This choice is
81. s are run on the server so you can close your browser during calculations If you would loose internet connection during the calculations there is no problem You will be able to access your results after your internet connection has been restored If for any reason the calculation would be unsuccessfull the simulation will be marked red in the Available simulations panel After a successful run you will then be able to download the results of your most recent simulation from the Results tab Figure 46 Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Calculste soil remedistion values amp report results Report Summary Last Calculation Time 2013 06 19 11 16 V include result summary V include result details Download report in PDF format Dovnload report in Excel format Download report in CSV format Download report in HTML format Figure 46 Simulation results downloadable from Results tab The simulation report is available in pdf Excel CSV and HTML format and can be downloaded to store it for later use You can choose to include result summary and or result details in the report If you choose for result summary only the risk tables and a summary exposure table will be included in the report If you choose for result details detailed intermediary calculations and exposures will be reported as well Input data are alw
82. st you can also specify this relationship in the Indoor air tab by entering appropriate values for the fraction of soil in indoor settled dust and the enrichment factor from soil to soil in indoor settled dust Drinking water The entered concentration in drinking water will override the calculated concentration in drinking water as a result of permeation through supply water pipes Plants and animal products You can override predicted concentrations in plants and in animal products by clicking the Plants and the Animal products button respectively When the table for plants opens you need to click the chemical for which you enter data after which a table with vegetables grass and maize will appear Figure 38 You can then enter values in the corresponding fields for the selected chemical 53 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Concentrations in plants 1 1 1 Trichloroethane2 E MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzene Potato Carrot Scorzonera and parsnip Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous vegetables as onion Leek Tomato Cucumber Other fruit vegetables as paprika Cabbage Cauliflower and broccoli Brussels sprouts Lettuce Lambs lettuce Endive Spinach Chicory Celery Beans Peas Grass Maize OK Cancel Figure 38 Entering concentrations in plants Tier 2 When you click the button for Animal products a panel will be shown Figure 39 After selecting the chemical for
83. sures linked to the layer selected for optimization will vary until the optimization procedures is finalized The concentrations tab still allows you to fill in pathway specific soil concentrations and concentrations in transfer media We recommend to consider these vary carefully in case of application III simulations If concentrations are filled in here the pathway calculations will not change during optimization i e the concentrations or exposures will remain constant which could give undesirable results 68 CHAPTER 5 Application III simulations 5 2 RESULTS TAB After entering the data for you simulation calculations will be possible You can start calculations by clicking the Calculate remediation objectives amp report results button on the Results tab similar to what you do under Application II The report will now not generate risks or concentration indices but will for each specified criterion report the soil concentration at which the criterion is met The criterions are e Exposure and threshold effects or pseudo threshold effects the risk index equals 1 or the ratio of total exposure to tolerable intake equals 1 e Exposure and non threshold effects the excess cancer risk equals 1 10 e Concentrations in transfer media the concentration index equals 1 or the ratio between concentration and concentration limit equals 1 69 CHAPTER 6 Application simulations CHAPTER 6 APPLICATION
84. t or crawl space floor If conflicts occur you can first leave the default soil profile go to the indoor air tab and specify the building settings for vapour intrusion including the depth of the building slab basement or crawl space floor Switch then again to the soil tab and enter the soil profile as required The condition for groundwater depth in relation to building depth results from the indoor air equations These do not allow the calculation of vapour intrusion when the bottom of the basement is under groundwater level Once saved either by clicking the Save button or by switching tabs a graphical representation of the soil profile will appear in the Simulation summary panel on the left under the condition that your webbrowser supports HTMLS canvas A soil layer can be removed from the profile by selecting it and clicking the Delete button at the bottom of the tab In the Concentrations tab you will be asked to fill in a concentration for each layer specified in the soil profile The soil profile should therefore take into account changes in soil properties with depth and the depth at which the concentrations were measured As an example if a uniform soil profile with regard to soil properties exist but concentrations were measured at two depths within that soil profile two separate layers with the same properties should be created in the soil profile This wil enable to fill in the concentrations at appropr
85. tapat TIER 2 eege eegene NEE 23 Figure 212 Water tabsat VE 27 Figure 22 Water consumption table editable at Tier 3 30 Figure 23 Outdoor air tab at Terl tnt 31 Figure 24 Indoor air tab at Ter DrcseD E eE 32 Figure 25 Indoor air tab at Tier 2 33 Figure 26 Plant tab at Tier 1 with customized chemicalselected 39 Figure 27 Plant tab at Tier 2 with customized chemical selected indicating the BCF formula and Plant characteristics DUtCONS ciiscccivcsececstnccecsuess EK ENNEN Ed EES ENKE ESA Ed EES ed AEN A0 Figure 28 Menu for BCF formulas for organic chemicals c cccccccesssssssececceecessessaeeeceeseessestaeeeeess 41 List of Figures Figure 29 Menu for BCF formulas for inorganic chemicals cccccccssssssssececececessesssaeceeeeseessesenaeees 42 Figure 30 Plant characteristics table Tier 2 43 Figure 312 Animal tabat Tier Toii i e eene Ze degen ge 45 Figure 32 Animal parameters on Animal tab at Tier 3 46 Figure 33 Feed intake table on Animal tab at Tier 3 47 Figure 34 Concentrations tabiat Ter 2c cssececei cis casedeccsceveges Wassvaceeeviccsvadebuactacsieesuasebuacteesicsossdebuacenaeys 49 Figure 35 Entering separate concentration profiles for outdoor transfer calculations and vapour el ng UE e E 50 Figure 36 Entering pathway specific soil concentrations 50 Figure 37 Entering concentrations in transfer media 51 Figure 38 Entering concentrations in plants Tier 2 54 Figure 39 Entering
86. teria The Site specific Risk Assessment application doesn t need any optimization criteria Figure 34 Concentrations tab at Tier 2 4 9 1 ENTERING SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONCENTRATIONS Soil profile The soil concentrations corresponding to the layers defined in the Soil tab can be entered in the Soil concentrations block A table will be visible indicating the layers entered and their corresponding depth Clicking the fields under the mg kg heading will allow you to enter the concentrations if you switch between chemicals it is possible that the concentrations fields do not follow the switch This can be solved by switching over and back again This bug will be fixed in a next update The Soil concentrations block has a checkbox providing the possibility to Enable separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion This option can be used to enter different concentrations for the ambient transfer calculations and the vapour intrusion pathways The soil type profile is equal for outdoor and indoor but you will be able to enter a separate concentration profile for indoor vapour intrusion calculations Figure 35 49 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Switch to Tier 1 1 1 1 Trichloroethane2 a MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzene mM Soil concentrations VieEnsble separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion depth mg kg mag kg G
87. tions overview table and the simulation summary panel 3 1 1 MENU BAR When you select your username in the menu bar you can choose to change your password or to log out Figure 5 CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations IMPORTANT it is important to explicitly use the Logout command when you leave the web application before you close the browser If you forget this you will have to wait for half an hour before you will be able to log in again Preferences comelic Figure 5 Account settings menu When you choose the Preferences menu you can select you language and you region only one region is implemented in the current version of S Risk In the current version languages available are English and Dutch Figure 6 When you change the language settings the application will warn you that any unsaved data will be lost Be sure to save your data before switching languages Preferences comelic language gt ts region gt Dutch Figure 6 Preferences menu 3 1 2 OVERVIEW TABLE FOR SIMULATIONS If you already have created simulations in the past these will be visible in the list on the upper left side of the page Available simulations Figure 7 This list shows key identifying information of all simulations to quickly find the simulation you need If no simulations are present yet the Available simulations list on the left will be empty CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations Chemical 1 1
88. to specify the toxicological reference values for age class 1 2 or 3 by filling in the fields below each age class In general no differentiation will be made between age classes but if age differentiated reference values are available they can be used It should be noted that the calculation of inhalation risk already considers age dependent factors weighting the concentrations based on dosimetry as can be accessed through the Exposure tab under the age specific weight factors Age dependent differences in the risk screen for all routes should therefore generally reflect potency or bioavailability differences and not intake differences It could therefore be 61 CHAPTER A Application II simulations advisable to evaluate the age dependent weighting factors and the toxicological reference values together for the inhalation route Local effects Risk indices are calculated for the oral and inhalation route It is not possible to have a risk index calculated for local effects by the dermal route as dermal dose is calculated as an absorbed dose in the model If local dermal effects are critical the user should perform additional calculations outside S Risk by using intermediate results Toxicological reference values for local effects should be given in for the oral and or inhalation route depending on whether local effects occur by both or only one route Options for age classes and the type of toxicological reference values oral in
89. total concentration in soil In the latter case intercept and slopes with regard to clay concent CL in total soil concentration Conc in mg kg dm cation exchange capacity CEC in meq 100 g organic matter content OM in and pH measured in CaCl solution can be filled in D_pe permeation coefficient through e these values are used to calculate the polyethylene permeation diffusion through supply water pipes D_pvc permeation coefficient through PVC e for inorganic chemicals the values will generally be zero D_a diffusion coefficient in air e these values are used to calculate diffusion parameters related to evaporation to ambient air and vapour intrusion into buildings e incase of non volatile inorganic chemicals these parameters are irrelevant In case of volatile inorganic chemicals the parameters can be filled in or calculated D_w diffusion coefficient in water 19 CHAPTER A Application II simulations from molecular mass Data requirements specific for organic chemicals If an organic chemical is to be added the check box organic should be activated If the chemical has dissociating properties the check box dissociating should be activated In the latter case you have to chose between acid or base dissociation from the drop down list and fill in a pKa acid dissociation constant For dissociating chemicals the Kd is calculated by the model
90. uses Figure 13 13 CHAPTER A Application II simulations io Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoor ar Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Switch to Tier 1 Land Use Template Light industry Land use Name ight industry Oral Exposure Route Dermal Exposure Route Soil amp dust ingestion rates e TERG Inhalation Exposure Route take via groundwater or drinking water Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water Inhalation weight factors Customize l Time patterns on site Figure 13 Scenario tab at Tier 2 In order to specify your own land use type you can modify one of the default land use types by clicking the customize button After entering a new name for the land use type exposure pathways and parameter values will become available and editable Modification of the land use scenario can be done at two levels Modifying the scenario by selecting exposure pathways The land use tab shows the active exposure pathways as they were set for the default scenario Exposure pathways can be toggled active and inactive by clicking the corresponding checkboxes for a customized land use Attention Exposure pathways can now be toggled active and inactive without restriction This will change in future We now recommend not to add exposure pathways that were not active in the default scenario you started from except for intake via locally pr
91. using a built in algorithm No Koc is required then S solubility in water at temperature T_s e required e it is recommended to fill in solubility and vapour pressure values for the same temperature and as close as possible to soil or ambient temperature This is merely important if no value for the Henry coefficient is filled in P vapour pressure at temperature T_p H Henry s law coefficient at T_h e optional e ifa value for H is filled in the associated temperature should be filled in as well e if no value for H is filled in the model will calculate it from vapour pressure P and solubility S using the temperature of the vapour pressure e the model will recalculate the value for H for the temperatures required in the model soil temperature shower water temperature K_oc sorption coefficient organic e optional carbon water e if no Koc value is filled in you have to activate the check box for calculation of the Koc with a QSAR You have to select the QSAR from the drop down list K_ow distribution coefficient octanol water e required e Kow is used to calculate Koc with QSARs if applicable plant and animal transfer factors and the dermal permeability coefficient K_oa distribution coefficient octanol air e Optional e If no value is filled in Koa is calculated from Kow and the Henry s law coefficient 20 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Koa is used in pla
92. value of 14 days 4 10 5 BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS Background concentrations in drinking water outdoor air and indoor air are used to calculate background exposure The background concentrations in plants and animal products are only of significance in case of scenarios with consumption of local food In that case the concentrations are used to correct the overall dietary background exposure for the local fraction Using the background concentrations dietary intake is calculated for each food group and multiplied by the local fraction This is then subtracted from the overall dietary background exposure 58 CHAPTER A Application II simulations 4 11 RISK TAB The Risk tab Figure 42 Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Switch to Tier 2 1 1 1 Trichloroetharg MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzen m Threshold effects Systemic effects 1 Non threshold effects Pseudo threshold effects systemic effects Cl systemic effects 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 gt 15 TDUTCA 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 gt 15 SFIUR oral 5 8E 1 inhalation 8 2E 1 dermal 5 8E 1 Units Oral TDI mgi kg bw Inhalation TCA mg m Dermal TDI mg kg bw d _ Local effects 1 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 gt 15 TDUTCA oral inhalation 5 8E 1 8 2E 1 5 8E 1 oral inhalation de
93. ween crawl space and indoor space 37 CHAPTER A Application II simulations air permeability of crawl space walls e Default good wall quality e Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document air filled porosity of crawl space walls e Default good wall quality e Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document thickness of crawls space walls e Site specific 4 6 2 OTHER INDOOR PARAMETERS The indoor air parameters related to the prediction of the concentration in indoor settled dust the concentration on soil derived indoor PM and in bathroom air due to evaporation from water during showering are only editable under Tier 2 fraction of soil in indoor dust e Default recommended not to modify unless good justification e Land use specific enrichment factor from soil to indoor dust e Default recommended not to modify unless site specific information is available e Not independent from fraction of soil in indoor dust when site information is used ratio between indoor outdoor PM10 e Default recommended not to modify unless site specific information volume of the bathroom e Default volume of the shower stall e Default ventilation rate in the bathroom e Default e Based on ventilation recommendations The time patterns for bathing and showering can be modified by clicking the Time patte
94. which you want to enter concentration the fields corresponding to the animal products will become editable Cow meat concentration mg kg fw 1 3 Dichlorobenzene Cow liver concentration mg kg fw Cow kidney concentration mg kg fw Sheep meat concentration mg kg fw Cow milk concentration mg kg fw Chicken egg concentration mg kg fw Butter concentration mg kg fw Figure 39 Entering concentrations in animal products Tier 2 54 CHAPTER A Application II simulations 4 9 4 ENTERING ANIMAL RELATED CONCENTRATIONS The block called Animal related concentrations will have accessible fields when you have a newly defined or customized chemical The animal related concentrations are only relevant if you want to calculate exposure through animal products and or chicken eggs By default they are set at 0 meaning that only local exposure of cattle is accounted for The concentrations relate to background concentrations that are used for the fraction of the feed that is not from local origin The concentrate concentration cattle and feed concentration chicken is always used as concentrate and feed is never considered to be of local origin The concentration in other water is used if you have specified that not all water for cattle chicken is groundwater or supply water i e the sum of the fractions of groundwater and supply water is smaller than 4 10 EXPOSURE TAB Exposures calculated are daily except food and ye
95. yrs OK Cancel D 0 0 0 15 lt 21yrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 d 4 d doo oo seed ob O OCB e o o oo oo o o o o Figure 14 Time pattern table Following parameters can be modified e Time sleeping e Time awake inside e Time outside e Exposure frequency in days per week e Exposure frequency in weeks per year Soil and dust ingestion rates Soil and dust ingestion rates are age and activity dependent and can be modified by clicking the Soil amp dust ingestion rates button In case of scenarios with continuous exposures agricultural residential holiday resort industrial a table will appear showing daily ingestion rate of soil and dust and fraction of soil in ingestion Figure 15 The fraction of soil in ingestion distributes the total ingestion rate over outside soil and inside settled dust The distribution over soil and settled dust is therefore independent of time spent outside inside In case of scenarios with intermittent exposures day recreation sport a table will appear showing hourly soil ingestion rate and hourly dust ingestion rate Figure 16 The ingestion of outdoor soil and of indoor settled dust on a daily basis is therefore dependent upon the time spent outside inside We recommend not to change these values 15 CHAPTER A Application II simulations Ingestion Rates IR soil dust daily mg d Fraction soil lt 3yrs 0 0E0 0 0E0 3 lt 6yrs 0 0E0 0 0E0 6 lt 10yrs 0 0E0 0 0E0 10 lt 15y

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