SPARK User Manual
Contents
1. Wave File MP3 Playlist Description Audio which is sampled in realtime from the device specified in the Line in device box The selected soundcard must support 16 bit 2 chan nels and a samplerate of 48 kHz If Buffer con trolling is enabled the audio input data is pro cessed by a resampler which synchronizes the input device sample clock to the output device sample clock to prevent the audio input buffer from overflowing or underrunning Reads sampled audio from a wav file The wave file sample format is required to be 16 bit and 48 kHz If the Repeat button is enabled the wave file is played in a loop The user can add files and directories to an MP3 playlist The files are played in the order in which they appear in the list When pressing the Add files or the Add folder button the file chooser dialog appears If Scan subdirectories is enabled the subdirectories of the folder selected via the Add folder option are scanned for files with mp3 suffix and the respective files are added to the playlist If the Repeat button is enabled the MP3 playlist is played in a loop Table 3 8 Audio input devices for the AAC stream Stream Datarate 25 The Stream bandwidth input field enables to adjust the number of bytes reserved for this stream Spark allows to exceed the number of free MSC bytes in the configuration However it is recommended to adjust the number of bytes to be less or equal to the number of free MSC by2. Additionally the MSC uses a convolutional QAM cell interleaver which makes the main service channel less vulnerable to multi path fading In the DRM standard the available code rates for the higher and lower protected parts are subdivided into four different protection levels 4 2 Introduction to Spark 2 Introduction to Spark 2 1 Functionality Spark is a realtime software modulator for DRM DRM and AM It combines DRM content server and modulator capabilities in one software defined radio SDR application Additionally Spark supports the multiplex distribution in terface MDI which allows to broadcast the multiplex content over ethernet Along with the software a graphical user interface is provided for setting up the DRM signal parameters e g audio bit rate transmission mode spectrum occupancy the stream sources and destinations e g sound card or file and the service information e g Station Label 2 1 1 Audio Streams Spark is able to acquire audio signals from the line input of a PC soundcard from a wave file of the format RIFF 16 bit 48 kHz Stereo or from MP3 files For testing purposes the LGPL open source AAC library FAAC can be used which does not support stereo or SBR transmissions For full AAC audio coding a DRM Audio Encoder Library Module for MPEG AAC SBR cod ing available from Dolby Deutschherrnstr 15 19 D 90429 Nuernberg Germany http www dolby com can be licensed The softwa
3. Section 3 4 The settings of the panels in the different tabs can be saved and loaded by the oval open and save buttons in the control panel on the top right hand side of the main window The oval button with the green arrow in the control panel can be used to start or stop the transmitter i e the DRM AM modulation or the MDI broadcast Additionally the control panel contains a text button for text message reconfiguration This button becomes active after the transmission has been started and is inactive as long as the modulator is idle Detailed information on the control panel functionalities can be found in Section 3 5 MSC datarate 32 54 kBit s 4 06 kByte s Stream ID Type Name Bitrate High protected Lowv protected 0 Audio PR Dolby AAC 17 38kBit s 194 bytes 675 bytes 1 Data Packet datastream 15 15kBit s O bytes 758 bytes f 1627 available MSC bytes Figure 3 2 The multiplex information panel with a content manager example configuration On the bottom the main window contains the multiplexer panel which gives an overview of the available multiplexer bandwidth for the current content manager configuration and which furthermore indicates the bandwidth consump tion of the streams that have been added to the content manager An example configuration of the multiplex bandwidth information panel is shown in Fig ure 3 2 In the following sections the available configuration options and the different configuration parts a
4. are three different channels serving different purposes each of them is briefly explained in the following subsections 1 6 1 Fast Access Channel FAC The FAC cells are included in every transmission frame and carry information about the OFDM configuration and other system settings The fixed code rate and the position of the QPSK symbols close to the reference cells make the FAC very robust Reliable access to the data of the FAC is necessary to provide the receiver with the information needed to decode the SDC and MSC 1 6 2 Service Description Channel SDC The SDC contains information on the streams and services included in the MSC multiplex In DRM mode the SDC can be configured to use either 4 QAM or 16 QAM modulation and a fixed code rate of r 0 5 In DRM mode the SDC can be configured to use the code rates r 0 5 or r 0 25 but the modulation is fixed to 4 QAM In both modes the encoded cells are mapped onto the first couple OFDM symbols within a TSF 1 6 3 Main Service Channel MSC The MSC carries the precoded and multiplexed digital media content In DRM mode the constellation mapping can be chosen to be either 4 or 16 QAM together with different code rates In DRM mode the MSC modulation is restricted to 16 QAM or 64 QAM The MSC allows for the use of unequal error protection UEP where the multiplex frame is split into higher and lower protected parts by using separate code rates for each respective part
5. been selected the service parameter window appears as shown in Figure 3 23 In the following sections the different service parameters are briefly explained Service Parameters Service ID x3EC Language German service label Service 1 Description Science Local Information Country Mot specified Language of audience Mot specified Figure 3 23 The service parameters Service ID The service identifier is a 24 bit number which uniquely identifies a service Typ ically the number is shown and entered in hexadecimal notation Language The Language input field defines the language of the stream where this service is pointing to The language information is transmitted in the SDC service param 3 4 The Time Reference Settings 39 eters over the FAC Service label The service label describes the name of the service with up to 16 characters e g Classic Radio The service label is transmitted over the SDC in the Label data entity Description There exist 32 different service descriptions which describe the content of the stream the service is pointing to The service description is transmitted in the SDC service parameters over the FAC Local Information Country The user can choose the country from which this broadcast is transmitted The country information is transmitted over the SDC in the Language and country data entity Local Information Language of audience The user can cho
6. ber of bytes per packet packet datastream config dialog increasing the packet datastream bandwidth packet datastream config dialog or decreasing the num ber of packets that have been assigned to other substreams substream config dialog of sharing the same packet datastream Carousel configuration Single images can be added to the MOT carousel by pressing the Add file button The Add folder button enables to add multiple of images from a folder to the carousel When enabling the Scan subdirectories button the software scans the subdirectories of the folder that has been selected in the Add folder file chooser dialog After the transmission has been started the images are sequentially trans mitted as they appear in the carousel list Pressing the Clear button deletes all entries in the MOT carousel The MOT carousel contains filename and filesize of the images The combo boxes S and G define the repetition rate on the segment layer S and on the group layer G respectively The repetition behavior on the different layers will be explained by the following example 30 3 Spark User Manual Given the assumption that the input file is split into three segments A B and C whereas all segments of the file are referred to as a group Then the segment transmission pattern with a single segment layer repetition would be A A B B C C The transmission pattern with a single group layer repetition would be A 5 C A B C Hence the t
7. delay between the analogue audio input and the DRM signal output will be in the order of 3 to 5 seconds 2 1 6 Reliability The software is stable and has been tested in a permanent setup without any indications of instability or other problems The stability of the Java virtual machine running on the host PC cannot be guaranteed 2 1 7 Restrictions The following restrictions on the functionality and the operation of the software apply 6 2 Introduction to Spark e Up to four audio streams can be used can be used for generation of the DRM signal The DRM Multiplex is static reconfiguration during operation is not supported reconfiguration index 0 e Only data entities of the types 0 1 5 8 9 10 12 are generated e For audio coding only AAC is possible e The decodability of the DRM signal output of Spark was successfully veri fied with the Morphy Richards DRM receiver the Fraunhofer Softwareradio v4 0 4 the DIORAMA software receiver and the DREAM software receiver version 1 1 4 The MDI interface and MDI transmitter application was tested with the Fraunhofer FhG Softwareradio However the full compli ance according to 1 can not be guarantueed e The jitter and frequency accuracy of the analogue output signal is limited by the output hardware This may lead to a situation where the RF frequency accuracy required by frequency managing authorities may not be met 2 2 Requirements 2 2 1 Hardware requiremen
8. disabled the MDI communication carried out on the AF layer only Use PFT transport layer The PFT layer includes a transport layer where the packet source transmitter can be identified by a 16 bit source ID and a packet destination receiver can be identified by a 16 bit destination ID In a network with multiple MDI transmitters 16 3 Spark User Manual and receivers this enables to specifically address one particular MDI packet desti nation and to identify one particular MDI packet source Disabling the transport layer button disables this addressing feature Use multicasting If the Use multicasting button is enabled the MDI packets can be send to a group of MDI receivers Note that in case of multicast transmissions the Dest IP address input field must contain a multicast IP address within the address range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 IPv4 Timestamp delay The timestamp delay defines the number of seconds added to each timestamp that is generated and transmitted in the MDI output stream The timestamp is generated by the time reference e g NTP which is specified in the time configuration tab of the configuration tab panel For a detailed overview of the MDI timestamp functionality please refer to 5 PFT source ID The PFT layer source ID of the MDI packet source transmitter must be in the range of 0 to 65535 see Use PFT transport layer PET destination ID The PFT layer destination ID of the MDI packet si
9. for this stream can be defined separately PRES Options ewncronized Lo ce Stream bandwidth Low protected na 931 High protected mii O Ok Cancel Figure 3 14 The configuration dialog of a PRBS data stream 3 3 4 Packet Datastream A packet datastream carries the data for a MOT Slideshow or a MOT Website substream DRM allows up to four different substreams per datastream whereas each substream is uniquely identified by a packet ID 6 The configuration of a packet datastream is shown in Figure 3 15 The num ber of low protected bytes of the packet datastream can be adjusted in the Low protected input field and the number of high protected bytes can be set in the High protected input field In the Packetsize input field the number of bytes per data packet can be defined One data packet must not exceed the size of 256 bytes and should not set to be less than 64 bytes for efficiency reasons After the number of bytes per packet has been changed the number of available packets in the substream 28 3 Spark User Manual changes as well It is recommended to adjust the number of bytes per packet such that it becomes an integer fraction of the number of bytes of the packet stream which is the sum of the number of lower and higher protected bytes Bandwidth configuration Low protected talar 931 High protected mii O Packetsize talar 258 i Cancel Figure 3 15 The packet datastream con
10. reconfiguration button bibliography 39 Bibliography 1 European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI ES 201 980 Dig ital Radio Mondiale DRM System Specification ETSI Standard 2008 2 TS 102 349 Digital Radio Mondiale DRM Receiver Status and Control Interface ETSI Standard 2005 3 TS 102 386 Digital Radio Mondiale DRM AM signalling system AMSS ETSI Standard 2006 4 TS 102 821 Digital Radio Mondiale DRM Distribution and Com munications Protocol DCP ETSI Standard 2005 TS 102 820 Digital Radio Mondiale DRM Multiplex Distribution Interface MDI ETSI Standard 2008 6 TS 101 968 Digital Radio Mondiale DRM Data applications direc tory ETSI Standard 2004 7 EN 301 234 Digital Audio Broadcasting DAB Multimedia Object Transfer MOT protocol ETSI Standard 1999 8 TS 101 498 1 Digital Audio Broadcasting DAB Broadcast website Part 1 User application specification ETSI Standard 2000
11. 3 9 Content Manager Configuration 23 m Choose a bitrate Figure 3 10 The bitrate suggestion dialog appears before a new stream is created After the bitrate has been chosen the configuration panel of a stream appears The stream settings can be changed anytime by clicking on the stream in the content manager panel and selecting Edit from the popup menu as shown in Figure 3 11 service ID Ox3EB Language German Assigned 0 D Edit Create new service Delete Figure 3 11 Opening the configuration dialog of a stream 33 2 AAC Stream Clicking on the Edit button in the popup menu lets the AAC stream configura tion dialog appear as shown in Figure 3 12 AAC stream configuration dialog is subdivided into three menus e Audio Input Device 24 3 Spark User Manual e Stream Datarate e lext Messages In the following the functionality and options of each submenu are explained A Dolby AAC Audio Input Device Audio source Line Input Soundcard Line in device Primary Sound Capture Driver Y Line in buffersize ma 1500 ms Buffer controlling stream Datarate Stream bandwidth bytes High protected 181 bytes Text Messages Pos Headline Message ce Figure 3 12 AAC stream configuration dialog Audio Input Device Table 3 8 shows the available audio input devices for an AAC stream in Spark 3 9 Content Manager Configuration Device Line Input Soundcard
12. 4 48 kBit s Figure 3 19 Four services pointing to the same stream In DRM multiple services can point to the same stream rule 1 as shown in Figure 3 19 whereas it is permitted to have multiple streams pointing to the same service rule 2 However there is one exception to the second rule If there exist two streams of which one is an audio stream and the other one is a data stream a service is allowed to be assigned to both of the streams as depicted in Figure 3 20 In this case although the service carries audio and data the receiver refers to the service as an audio service with additional data In DRM the maximum number of services that can be created and assigned is limited to four services Each service is uniquely identified by a short ID from 0 to 3 In order to add a new service the content manager must contain at least one stream to which the new service can be assigned and there must be less than four existing services i e the maximum number of services must not be exceeded A new service can be created by right clicking on an existing stream green box and choosing Create new service from the dialog as shown in Figure 3 18 3 9 Content Manager Configuration 33 d Service 1 Service ID Ox3EC Language German Assigned 0 1 PAD 0 Dolby AAC Packet datastream Stream ID O Stream ID 1 Framesize 600 bytes Framesize 205 bytes Bitrate 45 0 kBit s Bitrate 16 4 kBrt s MO
13. General Public License Lower Protected Part Multiplex Distribution Interface Multi Level Coding Multimedia Object Transfer Motion Experts Picture Group Main Service Channel Network Time Protocol Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Pulse Code Modulation Programmable Function Interface Protection Fragmentation and Transportation vi PRBS QAM QPSK RF SBR SDC SDR SM TF TSF UDP UEP UTF VHF VSPP XOR Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Radio Frequency Spectral Bandwidth Replication Service Description Channel Software Defined Radio Standard Mapping Transmission Frame lransmission Super Frame User Datagram Protocol Unequal Error Protection Unicode Transformation Format Very High Frequency Very Strongly Protected Part Exclusive Or vil 1 Introduction to DRM In 1998 the Digital Radio Mondiale DRM consortium started to develop a Euro pean standard for digital sound broadcasting in the long medium and short wave bands 1 The first version of the standard was published in 2003 by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI The DRM system was designed for worldwide audio and data broadcasting in frequency domains below 30 MHz and for channel bandwidths from 4 5 kHz to 20 kHz In 2004 the consortium members proposed to extend the standard by introducing a new transmission mode which allows for broadcasting in the very
14. SPARK Software Modulator for Digital Radio Mondiale DRM User Manual Version 1 0 Autor Michael Feilen Br ckenstra e 22 04347 Neumagen Dhron mailQdrm sender de Last changed 16th August 2009 First published 07th July 2009 Contents 1 Introduction to DRM 1 1 The DRM Transmission Chain nen 1 2 Energy Dispersal 2c lll L3 Channel Coding lt uou uio beresi omw dex mw m Wow om gm oon 1 4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM lo QL O wee EE ee Ew Be we HS 1 6 The DRM Data Channels 4 1 6 1 Fast Access Channel FAC o 1 6 2 Service Description Channel SDC 1 6 3 Main Service Channel MSC 2 Introduction to Spark 24 MM as eRe ee RE ow eee qx 2 1 1 Audio Streams usu koe air da o RA EY as dd 2 12 Data Stress 1 6446 oom 0 40 casos e mom ommo 2 1 3 Time Synchronisation ccn Sade AE 2 1 5 Realtime Operation e 2050 AUD ss he heehee ass re ALT Meike s gt ce od Ge meh ee RA HR ROS 2 2 Requirements sn EC ee wR RE de 2 2 1 Hardware requirements 0 00004 2 2 2 Software requirements 2 2 2 2 CO Wo wo wo N N N N e e Q OO O a 0t aa a a MA B om 3 Spark User Manual 8 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 0 The Application Window 0 0 00008 The Transmitter Settings 2 2 2 CC EEE 10 3 2 1 DRM Settings 3 3 4 5 2 4 LER A EEE K
15. T slideshow Packet ID Packets 1 1 Bitrate 16 4kBit s Figure 3 20 A service pointing to an audio and a data stream at the same time The new service is automatically assigned to the stream from which it has been created To change the assignment the user must click on the service and select Assign to stream from the popup menu Figure 3 21 shows a reassignment of a service which originally pointed to a stream with stream ID 0 and which is being readjusted to point to a stream with stream ID 1 Service 1 m Service ID Ox3EC i Edit hh O O O O OOS O Language German Assigned 1 Assign to stream Delete Dolby AAC Dolby AAC Dolby AAC 1 Dolby AAC Stream ID 1 Framesize 205 bytes Bitrate 16 4 kBit s Stream ID 1 Stream ID O Framesize 205 bytes Framesize 600 bytes Bitrate 16 4 kBit s Bitrate 48 0 kBit s Stream ID O Framesize 600 bytes Bitrate 48 0 kBit s Figure 3 21 Change the service to stream assignment After the service has been created the user can change the service parameters by right clicking on the new service blue box and selecting Edit from the input dialog as depicted in Figure 3 22 34 3 Spark User Manual f Edit Assign to stream Delete Dolby AAC stream ID 0 Framesize 1466 bytes Bitrate 29 32 kBit s Figure 3 22 Edit the service parameters After the Edit option has
16. a 10 3 22 AM Settings 22 2 2 2 a 13 00 WED Sees as bee eRe ew ERR ew 6 X Row xo 15 3 2 4 Output Settings 2 2 2 oa non 17 3 2 5 Output Settings Modulation 17 3 2 6 Output Settings OFDM Postprocessing 18 3 2 7 Output Settings PCM Output Devices 20 Content Manager Configuration 2 2 22 2 2 nme nn 20 3 3 1 Introduction to streams and substreams 21 3 3 2 AAC Stream 2 2 2 2 224242422752755 23 Oe PROP EEE 21 33 4 Packet Datastream lt lt lt 4 ra ar Bas eres X ws 27 3 3 5 Packet Datastream MOT Slideshow Substream 28 3 3 6 Packet Datastream MOT Website Substream 30 Ou Services 2 gw baw ee wee Rock A 31 The Time Reference Settings 0 0 0 0 02 00 0000 0 39 Courol Panel a a Arara A des 37 3 5 1 Starting and Stopping the Transmission 37 3 5 2 Open and Save the Application Settings DI 3 5 3 Text Message Reconfiguration 38 List of Figures 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 0 3 6 3 1 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 16 alr 3 18 319 3 20 3 21 3 22 Signal flow graph of a DRM transmission chain l 1 The Spark application window 8 The multiplex information panel with a content manager example COD DADO ed AA 9 DRM settings input box 2 KLEE nn 10 AM settings input box CL Em nr 14 MDI settings input box x nun om doe ee bee X EE de 4 15 Outp
17. ay duration of the text message at the receiver However the display duration of the current text message depends on the length of the subsequent text message in the queue i e if the subsequent text message in the queue is short in terms of number of bytes the current text message is shown for a shorter time Headline This is a headline This is a body message Message Repeat 4 Overall 57125 bytes left Headline 14 32 chars left Figure 3 13 The text message input dialog in the AAC configuration panel Additional to text messages it is possible add clear display commands by selecting Clear display command after pressing the NEW button in the text message submenu This command advises the receiver to clear the last message from the display before the new message will be shown 3 9 Content Manager Configuration ar 3 3 3 PRBS Stream The PRBS stream configuration comprises the stream bandwidth settings and the PRBS settings as depicted in Figure 3 14 In the PRBS settings it can be specified whether the transmitted sequence shall be synchronized or not Synchronized means that the sequence generator is reset into its initial state OxFFFFFFFFgrx at the beginning of every transmission super frame If the PRBS is not synchronized the binary sequence will repeat after approximately 22 bits see 2 In the Stream bandwidth submenu the number of high protected bytes and the number of low protected bytes
18. bustness of the transmission but the lower the available MSC datarate In DRM there exist five different robustness modes whereas each mode is compatible to a different set of OFDM bandwidths Therefore a reconfiguration of the robustness mode may force a reconfiguration of the OFDM bandwidth pa rameter Changing the robustness mode may also induce DRM mode change as the robustness modes A B C and D are specified for DRM up to 30 MHz and robustness mode E defines DRM transmission in the VHF region A detailed overview of the different robustness modes and OFDM bandwidth configurations is given in Table 3 1 OFDM bandwidth Hz Robustness mode DRM mode 4 500 A B DRM 5 000 A B DRM 9 000 A B DRM 10 000 A B C D DRM 18 000 A B DRM 20 000 A B C D DRM 100 000 E DRM Table 3 1 OFDM bandwidth and the supported DRM robustness modes SDC and MSC mapping The parameters for MSC mapping and SDC mapping define the mapping of the multi level channel coder MLC output bits onto a QAM cell for each respective channel The acronym QAM stands for quadrature amplitude modu lation where the phase and the amplitude of the transmitted carrier are shaped by a certain mapping function as stated in Section 1 4 In DRM it is distinguished between standard mapping SM and hierarchical mapping where the hierarchical mapping is subpartitioned into mixed hierarchi cal mapping HmMix and symmetrical hierarchical mapping HmSym When HmSym is
19. by a green flashing back ground of the open button 2 2 Km En nn 38 The text message reconfiguration button 38 List of Tables 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 0 3 6 3 7 3 8 OFDM bandwidth and the supported DRM robustness modes 11 MSC mapping schemes 12 SDC mapping schemes 2 2 2 CE nn nn 000002 ee ee 12 Interleaver configuration a oaoa eoa e a e e a 13 Spark output transmission modes 22 2 2 mn nn nn 17 Available PCM output devices cen 20 Available audio and data streams in Spark 22 Audio input devices for the AAC stream 25 Abbreviations AAC AGC AM AMSS BIOS DAQ DCP DRM EEP ETSI FAC FEC FFT FIR GMT HmMix HmSym HPP IF ISI JRE JVM LGPL LPP MDI MLC MOT MPEG MSC NTP OFDM PCM PFI PFT Advanced Audio Coding Automatic Gain Control Correction Amplitude Modulation Amplitude Modulation Signalling System Basic Input and Output System Data Acquisition Distribution and Communication Protocol Digital Radio Mondiale Equal Error Protection European Telecommunications Standards Institute Fast Access Channel Forward Error Correction Fast Fourier Transform Finite Impulse Response Greenwich Mean Time Mixed Hierarchical Mapping oymmetrical Hierarchical Mapping Higher Protected Part Intermediate Frequency Inter Symbol Interference Java Runtime Environment Java Virtual Machine Lesser
20. cted in Figure Figure 3 26 Button to stop the transmission 3 5 2 Open and Save the Application Settings The changes that have been made in the configuration window can be loaded and saved by pressing the respective open and save buttons Figure 3 27 A successful parameter reading and writing is indicated by a short green flashing of the background of the open or save buttons Figure 3 28 shows the mentioned behavior for the open button 38 3 Spark User Manual OPEN SAVE Figure 3 27 Buttons to open and save the application settings UE SAVE Figure 3 28 A successful read operation is indicated by a green flashing back ground of the open button 3 5 3 Text Message Reconfiguration lext messages can be entered in the AAC audio stream configuration dialog as explained in Section 3 3 2 After the transmission has been started it is possible to reconfigure the text messages during the broadcast by pressing the text mes sage reconfiguration button which is shown in Figure 3 29 After the text message reconfiguration has been finished successfully the reconfiguration button flashes green NOTE A text message reconfiguration requires the stream configuration in the content manager to remain unchanged during the transmission Furthermore text message reconfiguration will not function if the text message queue of an audio stream had been empty at the time the transmission had been started Figure 3 29 The text message
21. e time by polling the respective NT P servers During the transmission the application continuously synchronizes the system clock in periods of the poll interval The poll interval can be defined in the Poll interval input field The synchronization procedure works as follows 1 Poll the 1st NTP server 2 If a timestamp from the 1st NTP server has been received Synchronize with the received timestamp and exit 3 Otherwise poll the 2nd NTP server 4 If a timestamp from the 2nd NTP server has been received Synchronize with the received timestamp and exit 5 Otherwise Exit NOTE Unsynchronized means that Spark uses the CMOS time of the PC BIOS as time reference 3 5 Control Panel 37 3 5 Control Panel The control panel is positioned on the right hand side of the Spark application window as depicted in Figure 3 1 The panel contains several buttons to manage the operation of the application In the next sections the functionality of the different buttons will be explained 3 5 1 Starting and Stopping the Transmission After the application configuration has been finished the transmission can be started by pressing the start button as shown in 3 26 b Figure 3 25 Button to start the transmission If there are no configuration errors the output status window appears and the start button changes its appearance and becomes a stop button with flashing green backlight as depi
22. figuration dialog 3 3 5 Packet Datastream MOT Slideshow Substream The MOT 7 slideshow substream allows to transmit pictures in a sequential fashion using an image carousel A new substream can be created by either clicking on the Slideshow button on the left hand side of the content manager panel or by selecting the Create new substream option from the packet datastream popup menu and choosing MOT slideshow from the application type input box Figure 3 16 shows the MOT slideshow configuration dialog which is subpar titioned into the Packet configuration and Carousel configuration input panels Packet configuration In the packet configuration panel the number of packets used for this stream can be specified The maximum number of packets depends on the following items e The packet datastream bandwidth high and low protected parts e The number of bytes per packet e The number of packets assigned to other substreams of the same packet datastream 3 9 Content Manager Configuration 29 mo ole Packet configuration Mum Packets packets Carousel configuration Mum Files in Carousel 4 Filename Size hamster pa 23 59 kb a n spark top gif 27 57 kb to_index gif ss bytes 0 n weather_europe git 23 21 kb D Add files gt Add folder Scan subdirectories Figure 3 16 MOT slideshow substream configuration dialog Hence the maximum number of packets can be increased by decreasing the num
23. high frequency VHF regions The name of the new standard was chosen to be Digital Radio Mondiale Plus DRM 1 1 The DRM Transmission Chain A schematic overview of the DRM transmission chain is shown in Figure 1 1 SDC Bitstream Energy Dispersal Channel Coder Precoded E Pilot Cell Data E a Generator ER z E Encoded Q A Energy Channel MSC Cell Audio Dispersal Coder Interleaver T Qu FAC Energy Channel A OFDM Baseband Bitstream Dispersal Coder 3 E Modulator Signal O Figure 1 1 Signal flow graph of a DRM transmission chain 1 The DRM transmission chain consists of three data channels The fast ac cess channel FAC the service description channel SDC and the main service channel MSC In the following the most important parts of the transmission chain are explained Since the knowledge of the channel coding and modulation 2 1 Introduction to DRM schemes is required in order to depict the properties of the DRM data channels the explanation begins with the description of the energy dispersal stage 1 2 Energy Dispersal Before channel coding each bitstream is processed by a scrambler stage The XOR pattern for the scrambler is derived from a pseudo random binary sequence PRBS generator with generator polynomial x x 1 1 3 Channel Coding The scrambled bits are forwarded to a convolutional encoder with a mother code rate of 1 6 and 6 bit constraint length where the generated code is
24. lation Lower sideband means the output spectrum is located at the left hand side of the carrier Upper sideband indicates that the position of the output spectrum is at the right hand side of the modulation frequency In case of double sideband modulation the spectrum is symmetrical around both sides of the carrier frequency Carrier suppression To achieve a better output power efficiency carrier suppression can be enabled When carrier suppression is enabled the power of the carrier is reduced by ap proximately 12 dB 3 2 The Transmitter Settings 15 Enable AMSS When the amplitude modulation signalling system AMSS is enabled the service information such as the service label the service identifier and other information is send by phase modulation of the AM carrier For more information on AMSS please refer to 3 3 2 3 MDI settings The MDI settings panel contains the configuration options for the distribution and communication protocol DCP 4 and other protocol specific settings Lise PFT layer Lise PFT transport layer Lise multicasting ra Timestamp delay 0 SEL PFT source ID 1001 Hex PFT destination ID 1002 Hex Dest IP address localhost Dest UDF port 6001 Figure 3 5 MDI settings input box Use PFT layer The protection fragmentation and transportation PF T layer is used for data framing data encoding as well as source and destination addressing If the use PFT layer button is
25. lenames are shown in the configuration panel The Packet config uration and the file repetition options for the MOT website substream are equal 3 9 Content Manager Configuration 31 to the MOT slideshow configuration and are explained in Section 3 3 5 The transmission priority of a file can be defined by adjusting the Priority parameter A higher transmission priority means a more frequent repetition of the file NOTE For a fast carousel acquisition at the receiver it is recommended to keep the number of files and their respective file sizes as small as possible Directory profile The user can choose between the Basic profile and the Unrestricted PC profile In the basic profile the hardware limitations of the receiver such as screen resolution and color depth should be considered It is recommended to design the website for a screen resolution of not more than 320x200 pixels For more information on the different directory profiles refer to 3 Directory interleaving In addition to the website files directory information e g the filenames the root directory etc is transmitted in the file carousel during a broadcast This directory information is transmitted in segments in parallel to the website file segments The Directory interleaving parameter defines the number of directory information segments per website file segment Smaller numbers guarantee a higher directory information repetition and hence a faste
26. nd suppression the more filter coefficients are required for adequate image rejection and the 3 2 The Transmitter Settings 19 higher the computational complexity Recommendation for DRM and DRM 50 dB Transition bandwidth The transition bandwidth parameter modifies the steepness of the filter transition region and is given in Hz A small transition bandwidth requires a higher filter order but gives a steeper sideband rolloff Recommendation for DRM 500 Hz Recommendation for DRM 2500 Hz FIR coefficient file In the FIR coefficient file input field an ASCII file can be specified which must contain the FIR filter coefficients for the OFDM output signal filtering If no file is specified Spark designs an adequate OFDM signal filter The coefficients in the file must be separated by a newline character An Comments in the file must start with two forwardslashes and must not be placed before coefficients Example of an FIR coefficient file This is a comment 0 000000228647259 0 000000925740866 0 000001940961649 0 000002204589717 0 000001358034607 0 000000228647259 Enable output AGC The automatic gain correction AGC algorithm scales the output signal with respect to the Gan value specified in the output device input panel in order to reach the maximum PCM output device resolution When the output AGC is disabled the OFDM signal power per carrier is equal to power given in the DRM specification i e
27. ne service with the label Spark is shown in Figure 3 9 The panel gives an overview of the service blue stream green and substream yellow config uration and allows the user to change the respective parameters Transmitter Content Manager Time a FAAC a AAC Service ID 0x3E9 Language German Assi qd O a Slideshow Massi s Es Website Dolby AAC 10101 FRBS Stream ID O Framesize 1738 bytes Bitrate 34 76 kBit s Figure 3 9 Content manager tab showing an example AAC configuration and the buttons to create new audio or data streams 3 3 1 Introduction to streams and substreams In DRM a logical stream is the low layer representation of data or audio infor mation The number of usable streams and substreams is limited to a maximum number of four streams The streams are embedded in the DRM multiplex and are uniquely identified by a stream ID which is an integer number in the range of 0 to 3 DRM distinguishes between audio and data streams As far as datas treams are concerned it is distinguished between asynchronous and synchronous datastreams 6 To create a new stream the user must pick one stream from the list on the left hand side of the content manager panel as shown in Figure 3 9 Table 3 7 lists the streams available in Spark and explains their functionality and service type classification 22 3 Spark User Manual otream type Description Service type FAAC Monaural AAC audio
28. ngs only affect the OFDM and AM transmission modes 18 3 Spark User Manual Interm frequency Fo 12000 00 Hz Output frequency 5000 kHz Invert baseband spec Figure 3 7 The modulation panel in the output settings tree Intermediate frequency IF The intermediate frequency defines the frequency in Hz to which the complex baseband signal is shifted after modulation Output frequency The output frequency defines the frequency in Hz to which the real PCM output IF signal is shifted by an external hardware device This box is disabled if no external device e g a DiRaGen modulator was found Invert baseband spectrum If the nvert baseband spec button is enabled the baseband spectrum will be inverted before modulation Hence the new complex baseband signal is the complex conjugate of the original complex baseband signal 3 2 6 Output Settings OFDM Postprocessing FIR filtering If the FTR filtering button is enabled the FIR output filter will be used to shape the OFDM signal in order to reduce the sideband emissions The FIR filter parameters are calculated using the Kaiser windowed sinc design method NOTE Using the FIR filter causes inter symbol interference ISI However the influence of ISI is negligible in most cases Sideband suppression The sideband suppression defines the attenuation of the output signal from the beginning to the end of the transition region The higher the sideba
29. nk receiver must be in the range of 0 to 65535 see Use PFT transport layer Destination IP address The IP address of the MDI packet sink receiver must be entered in the Dest IP address input field Destination UDP port The UDP port number for the DCP MDI packet communication default 6001 must be entered in the Dest UDP port input field 3 2 The Transmitter Settings 17 3 2 4 Output Settings The output settings dialog contains the settings for the PCM output devices the transmission mode the settings for the OFDM signal generation and the modulation settings as shown in Figure 3 6 Transmission mode lle AM and AMSS N DRM over OFDM Modulation 2 DRM over MDI OFDM Spectrum AM and AMSS PCM Output Devices Figure 3 6 Output settings input box Transmission mode The transmission mode defines the output operation of Spark The user can choose between the following output modes Output mode Description DRM over OFDM Modulated DRM OFDM signal output over a PCM output device e g a soundcard DRM over MDI DRM data packets transmitted over ethernet by using the MDI interface AM and AMSS Amplitude modulated audio signal output over a PCM output device e g soundcard Table 3 5 Spark output transmission modes 3 2 5 Output Settings Modulation The modulation panel contains the output settings for the output modulator as depicted in Figure 3 7 The modulation setti
30. ose the audience language more specifically This language information is transmitted over the SDC in the Language and country data entity 3 4 The Time Reference Settings In the Time tab two network time protocol NTP servers as well as the local Greenwich mean time GMT offset can be specified as a time reference for the broadcast In addition to the NTP server and the GMT input fields the NTP poll interval in milliseconds can be specified A screenshot of the time tab is shown in Figure 3 24 36 Transmitter dl al q I WI 12 32 27 WE 15 07 2009 GMT 1 00 Unsynchronized Synchronize i Content Manager Local time offset Primary MTP server Primary NTE port secondary MHTP server secondary MTF port Poll interval 3 Spark User Manual Time GMT 1 00 z d pool ntp arg 123 de pool ntp arg 123 10000 Is Figure 3 24 The time reference tab On the left hand side the panel shows the internal system time and date and the NTP synchronization status Spark can be configured to automatically synchronize the system time with the NTP server specified in the input fields on startup A successful synchronization is indicated by a green synchronized la bel in the synchronization status panel In case the NTP synchronization failed the label shows the word unsynchronized in red letters By pressing the Syn chronize button in the same panel the user can retry to synchronize th
31. park displays the protection level as a number from zero to four as defined in the DRM specification 1 followed by one of the following robustness indicators highest high medium and weak 3 2 2 AM Settings The AM settings panel contains the configuration for the amplitude modulation functionality of Spark The available input options in the AM settings panel are shown in Figure 3 4 The user can specify the audio bandwidth as well as the modulation mode and modulation degree 14 3 Spark User Manual Audio bandwidth tat 4266 Hz Mad degree AM mode ba Double sideband gt e 4 OFF Carrier suppression Enable AMSS III B Figure 3 4 AM settings input box Audio bandwidth The audio bandwidth can be adjusted according to the AM channel bandwidth which is typically 4 5 or 5 kHz Modulation degree The modulation degree indicates the ratio of the peak modulation signal ampli tude i e the maximum audio signal amplitude to the peak amplitude of the car rier If the peak amplitude of the modulation signal is half the carrier amplitude the modulation degree is 0 5 If the peak amplitudes are equal the modulation degree is 1 In Spark the modulation degree can be adjusted between 0 1 and 1 0 AM mode The AM mode describes the position of the output spectrum relative to the carrier frequency In Spark the user can choose between lower sideband upper sideband and double sideband modu
32. r and more robust data acquisition at the receiver Setting the directory index The directory index file is defined to be shown at the receiver after the MOT directory content has been received The directory index file is similar to the file commonly in HTML that is shown in your browser after entering a certain web address A common name for such an index file is index htm A file from the MOT carousel can be defined as directory index file by double clicking on it in the carousel list of the configuration dialog 3 3 7 Services Only the service information carried by the services is visible to the user of a DRM receiver The service information is transmitted over the SDC see Fig ure 1 1 Each service is associated with one particular stream in the DRM mul tiplex By selecting a service at the receiver the receiver is advised to decode the stream information that is associated with this service Hence a DRM service 32 3 Spark User Manual can be interpreted as a pointer to a stream with additional side information w Edit Create new service Delete Figure 3 18 Create a new service pointing to an existing Dolby AAC audio stream ec i e tom Service ID Ox3EC Service ID Ox3ED Service ID Ox3EE Service ID Ox3EF Language German Language German Language German Language German Assigned 0 Assigned 0 Assigned 0 Assigned 0 Dolby AAC Stream ID O Framesize 931 bytes Bitrate 7
33. ransmission patter with a single segment layer and a single group layer repetition would be A A B B C C A A B B C C 3 3 6 Packet Datastream MOT Website Substream The MOT website substream allows for the transmission of static web content in cluding pictures stylesheets and other files A new MOT website substream can be created by either clicking on the Website button on the left hand side of the content manager panel or by selecting the Create new substream option from the packet datastream popup menu and choosing MOT website from the application type input box The MOT website configuration dialog is depicted in Figure 3 17 Packet configuration Mum Packets packets Carousel configuration Num Files in Carousel 8 Filename Size Ces tod Priority imagestspark top gif 2757Tkh O 0 ll imagesto index gif 88 bytes Ill images wveather europe gif 23 21 kh ill index htm 446 bytes lifestyle html 1 31 kh metal tula ras Z Hhvtez rl A NOTE Double clicking on a file will define it as entry page Directory profile Basic Recommended z Directory interleaving segments Figure 3 17 MOT website substream configuration dialog All files of the website must share the same root directory The root directory can be defined by selecting a physical directory from the file chooser dialog after pressing the Set directory button After the directory has been loaded to the carousel the fi
34. re explained 10 3 Spark User Manual 3 2 The Transmitter Settings The transmitter settings tab contains the configuration parameters for the mod ulation and the output devices It comprises of the four different submenus e DRM Settings The DRM settings submenu contains the configuration options for the DRM OFDM configuration and the DRM channel coding configuration for the channels MSC and SDC e AM Settings The AM settings submenu contains the configuration op tions for the AM transmission e MDI Settings The MDI settings submenu contains the options for the DRM MDI transmission over IP e Output Settings In the output settings submenu the transmission mode can be configured as well as the PCM output devices for OFDM transmis sion 3 2 1 DRM Settings Figure 3 3 shows the available parameters in the DRM settings input box In the following each parameter is briefly explained Robustness mode Mode 4 DRM 30 OFDM bandwidth MSC cell interleaving MSC LPP protection MSC HPP protection MSC VSPP protection O highest abc protection D high Figure 3 3 DRM settings input box 3 2 The Transmitter Settings 11 Robustness Mode and OFDM bandwidth The robustness mode defines the OFDM subcarrier spacing and the OFDM pilot configuration 1 The spectrum occupancy of the OFDM signal is defined as OFDM bandwidth The higher the OFDM subcarrier spacing and the higher the number of pilot cells the higher the ro
35. re library can be licensed to the client through the developer which has an according contract with Dolby DRM text messages can be entered directly using the PC keyboard in the input dialogue of the audio stream A number of text messages can be sent cyclically text carousel with an adjustable repetition for each message Text message reconfiguration during transmission is supported 2 1 Functionality 5 2 1 2 Data Streams The software supports the multimedia object transfer MOT data protocol The supported applications are MOT Broadcast Website and MOT Slideshow Ad ditionally Spark supports the transmission of pseudo random binary sequences PRBS as specified in 2 The files for MOT operation can be read from the drives of the operating system 2 1 3 Time Synchronisation The software automatically acquires the time by one of the network time protocol N TP servers specified in the time input dialog during modulation If there is no NTP server available the BIOS clock of the PC on which the software is running can be used 2 1 4 Output The DRM multiplex can either be modulated or send over an IP network using the MDI The MDI protocol specification version 1 1 1 is fully implemented However the distribution and communications protocol DCP does not support Reed Solomon forward error correction FEC 2 1 5 Realtime Operation Realtime operation of the software is possible Due to internal buffering the overall
36. stream without spectral Audio bandwidth replication SBR and without para metric stereo P AAC Licensed DRM Dolby AAC audio stream Audio supporting SBR and PS Slideshow The slideshow substream allows the cyclic Data transmission of pictures in various formats e g JPEG GIF BMP etc and is carried by a packet data stream Website The files that are required to render website Data on the receiver must be placed in a certain direc tory The contents of this directory can then be transmitted using the MOT website substream which is carried by a packet data stream The user must define an entry page which indicates the first page the receiver is advised to display e g an index page of a website PRBS The pseudo random binary sequence can be Data transmitted in synchronous or asynchronous mode The PRBS generator polynomial is de fined in 2 Since the PRBS constitutes a pre dictable bit sequence the PRBS stream can be used to evaluate the bit error rate of a DRM re celver Table 3 7 Available audio and data streams in Spark After one of the stream buttons on the left hand side of the content manager has been pressed the user is prompted to define a bitrate for the new stream in the bitrate suggestion dialog as shown in Figure 3 10 Although it is required to choose a bitrate from the bitrate suggestion dialog the selected bitrate can be freely adjusted later in the stream configuration panel
37. terminated by an all zero input sequence Different puncturing patterns can be applied in order to select the desired output code rate Additionally tail bit puncturing is used For audio or data content DRM supports four different code rates which can be chosen from a protection level table in order to meet the coding gain requirements After channel coding the bits are interleaved over one frame by a convolutional interleaver and forwarded to the modulation stage 1 4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex ing OFDM DRM uses OFDM a multicarrier modulation scheme that is widely used in mod ern digital broadcasting applications The idea of multicarrier transmission is to first split the multiplex bitstream into different substreams and then to encode these streams in parallel e g by using multilevel coding MLC Subsequently the bits of each individual substream are mapped onto one of the Nc subcarriers by shaping the carrier s amplitude and phase according to a predefined map ping function Different mapping functions and different constellation types are available 15 OFDM Framing The OFDM framing in DRM is strictly hierarchical The top level framing unit is the transmission super frame TSF which contains a sequence of transmission frames TF Each transmission frame wraps Nsym OFDM symbols 1 6 The DRM Data Channels 3 16 The DRM Data Channels The internal data structure of DRM is depicted in Figure 1 1 There
38. tes The High protected input field lets the user choose the percentage of high protected bytes with respect to the bandwidth of the stream For this high protected part HPP a separate protection level can be chosen in the the DRM Settings options of the Transmitter tab between 0 and 50 percent for the higher protected part It is recommended to choose values 26 3 Spark User Manual Text Messages DRM allows for text message transmission in parallel to an audio broadcast In the text message submenu a list of text messages can be defined which are trans mitted in the order in which they occur in the list A text message is divided into headline and body The maximum length of a text message headline and body is 128 bytes whereas the number of usable characters varies with respect to the characters used due to the unicode transfor mation format UTF coding To create a new text message the user needs to click on the NEW button in the text message submenu and select the Text Message option until the text message input dialog appears as shown in Figure 3 13 The new text message is inserted after the selected row in the list Besides the header and body input fields the user can choose a repetition count from the Repeat combo box If the repetition count is four the text message is transmitted four times before the next message from the text message queue will be transmitted This allows the user to coarsely define the displ
39. the gain value of the output device is ignored 20 3 Spark User Manual 3 2 7 Output Settings PCM Output Devices In this subsection the different PCM output devices can be configured Fur thermore the user can choose the current output device as well as the output buffersize For each output device the output gain the number of channels the sample resolution in bits per sample and the sample rate can be specified PCM output device The user can choose one output device from a list of output devices as listed in Table 3 6 PCM output device Line Out Soundcard Wave File NiDAQmx IQ via UDP Native Device Clock reference Soundcard crystal CMOS Timer External PFIO or DAQ card crystal CMOS Timer User defined Table 3 6 Available PCM output devices PCM output device Output buffersize Line Gut Soundcard Wave File c Line Out Soundcard ll intr BOO ms MiDAGmx at installed y livia UDF Mative Device not installed Figure 3 8 Analog output device input box 3 3 Content Manager Configuration The content manager multiplexes the data provided by the different MSC streams and manages the services which are assigned to the streams and their particular 3 9 Content Manager Configuration 21 substreams The content manager configuration is shown in the Content Manager tab An example configuration of the content manager panel showing one AAC stream and o
40. third party libraries e g Dolby AAC can not be guarantueed 8 3 Spark User Manual 3 Spark User Manual 3 1 The Application Window After Spark has been started and preconfigured the main window is shown as depicted in Figure 3 1 Ps Spark Modulator Transmitter Content Manager ur DRM Settings OPEN SAVE ar AM Settings ar MDI Setting ar Output Settings stream ID Type Mame High protected Low protected MSC datarate 34 77 kbit s 4 34 kByte s Multiplexframe occupies O af 1738 available MSc bytes Spak DEI modulator E1 11 0 c 2009 Michael Feilen License Test 03 07 2010 Figure 3 1 The Spark application window The configuration window in the center of the screen comprises of three tabs the transmitter tab the content manager tab and the time tab The functionality of each tab will be explained in the following 3 1 The Application Window 9 e lransmitter tab In the transmitter configuration panel the transmission mode and the output devices can be configured Details on the transmitter settings can be found in Section 3 2 e Content Manager tab The content manager contains the stream and service information together with the input device configuration The con tent manager settings are explained in Section 3 3 e Time tab The time configuration window contains the NTP time ref erence configuration and other time reference related settings The time reference related parameters are discussed in
41. tipath fading The higher the interleaver depth the longer the delay between signal acquisition and the audio playback at the receiver lable 3 4 summarizes the available MSC cell interleaver parameters subject to the different DRM modes 3 2 The Transmitter Settings 13 Interleaver depth Duration ms DRM mode 1 short 400 DRM 5 long 2000 DRM 6 600 DRM Table 3 4 Interleaver configuration MSC and SDC protection The protection level reflects the code rate for the respective part of the MSC or the SDC bitstream The lower the code rate the more redundancy information is added in the process of channel coding Although a smaller code rate increases the robustness of the transmitted information it decreases the number of usable information bits Concerning the MSC DRM distinguishes between the lower protected part LPP the higher protected part HPP and the very strongly protected part VSPP If the protection levels for LPP and HPP are equal the MSC is said to use equal error protection EEP If the protection levels are different the MSC is said to use unequal error protection UEP The VSPP pro tection level defines the coderate for the hierarchical data part Since the VSPP is only present when hierarchical modulation is used the field is disabled when using standard mapping for the MSC NOTE Different protection levels for the SDC are only available in DRM mode i e when using robustness mode E S
42. ts The hardware requirements for Spark strongly depend on the configuration of the software The minimum hardware requirements for Spark are fulfilled by a PC with an 800 MHz CPU and with 128 MB of RAM dedicated to the applicaten Given these constraints Spark will run stable in DRM mode at output sample rates of not more than 48 kHz and not more than 2 AAC streams However the user might observe signal dropouts as well as insufficient input delays In order to run Spark stable at sample rates above 48 kHz a PC with a 2 0 GHz dual core CPU togther with a minimum of 512 MB RAM reserved for the application is recommended 2 2 2 Software requirements The Spark user interface as well as the baseband algorithms are written in Java and require the Java Virtual Machine JVM which is included in the Java Run time Environment JRE Spark has been developed to work with the JRE version 6 0 or above Note that it is not recommended to use JRE versions prior to JRE 1 6 update 13 together with the software 2 2 Requirements 7 Since the main components of Spark are written in Java the application is in general platform independent However due to the native library support which is used for the FFT the AAC encoder and the native input and output devices the range of operating systems to run Spark on is limited to Microsoft Windows and Linux platforms Although it is possible to provide native support for other operating systems the support for
43. used hierarchical modulation is performed on both the inphasal I 12 3 Spark User Manual and the quadrature Q component respectively whereas in case of HmMix only the inphasal component is modulated hierarchically MSC hierarchical mapping is available only in 64 QAM mode The available MSC and SDC mapping schemes are listed in Table 3 2 and Table 3 3 respectively NOTE When hierarchical mapping is used the data of the first stream in the multiplexer stream ID equal to zero is transmitted in the so called hierarchical data part Therefore it is important that the number of bits for the multiplex stream with ID 0 is less or equal to the number of bits available for the hierarchical part Furthermore the hierarchical data part must not have a higher protected part i e the use of UEP in the stream with ID 0 is permitted Mapping scheme Resolution DRM mode Standard Mapping 4 QAM DRM Standard Mapping 16 QAM DRM DRM Standard Mapping 64 QAM DRM Symmetrical Hierarchical Mapping I and Q 64 QAM DRM Mixed Hierarchical Mapping I only 64 QAM DRM Table 3 2 MSC mapping schemes Mapping scheme Resolution DRM mode Standard Mapping 4 QAM DRM DRM Standard Mapping 16 QAM DRM Table 3 3 SDC mapping schemes MSC cellinterleaving The MSC QAM cells are interleaved over a certain number of transmission frames in order to increase the signal robustness in case of burst errors e g in a channel environment with flat mul
44. ut settings input box 2 2 e 17 The modulation panel in the output settings tree 18 Analog output device input box 20 Content manager tab showing an example AAC configuration and the buttons to create new audio or data streams 21 The bitrate suggestion dialog appears before a new stream is created 23 Opening the configuration dialog of a stream 23 AAC stream configuration dialog 24 The text message input dialog in the AAC configuration panel 26 The configuration dialog of PRBS data stream 27 The packet datastream configuration dialog 28 MOT slideshow substream configuration dialog 29 MOT website substream configuration dialog 30 Create a new service pointing to an existing Dolby AAC audio ume s ACC 32 Four services pointing to the same stream 32 A service pointing to an audio and a data stream at the same time 33 Change the service to stream assignment 222 2 2220 33 Edit the service parameters 2 2 34 111 3 29 3 24 3 29 3 26 S 3 28 3 29 The Service parameters 34 The time reference tab EL En nn 36 Button to start the transmission 37 Button to stop the transmission e 37 Buttons to open and save the application settings 38 A successful read operation is indicated
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