Sony SXRD 4K User's Manual
Contents
1. HD Panor B a 7 a A ee ee aya j Ss AA A A 0 73 SXRD e 7 1 26 2K HD panel i Competing e a A E oF gt AI lus Ls Eoo tt a o 8 A E 6 6 gt gt oF ry o 500K E 0 7 08 09 1 0 1 3 1 6 2 0 3 0 PANEL SIZE inches diagonal To achieve maximum resolution at minimum cost microdisplay panel suppliers are pushing toward higher pixel density Sony SXRD panels have the highest pixel density currently available High aperture ratio On all fixed pixel panels the pixels are separated by gaps that contain no picture information To generate the effect of a seamless continuous picture these gaps should be minimized In the SXRD panel design all the transistors Page 18 are hidden in the silicon backplane behind the reflective surface This arrangement enabled Sony to reduce inter pixel gaps by 90 compared to previous H LCD panels In the case of the 4K panel the distance from the center of one SXRD pixel to the center of the next is 8 5 micrometers while the inter pixel gap is just 0 35 micrometers According to Sony s review of currently available technology this is the world s smallest inter pixel spacing Photomicrograph of the SXRD panel surface showing the aperture ratio of over 92 and 0 35 micrometer inter pixel gap This tight spacing means that 92 of the 4K SXRD panel surface is devoted to live image2. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fa ERES E a ES 5 EE E E Yes Yes EA NS O NOS Yes Yes Yes Yes o poo presto PERIOD Ee a ee O 720P_ 1280x720 50P__ 178 YPbPr Cs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes _ Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes _ Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes es E yes ee ES a Ves Ves A ee gt 1I ee Yes Yes Yes Yes es Ves Ves Yes 1080P_ 1920x1080 24P_ 178 RGB Ves Yes Yes Yes 1080P_ 1920x1080 60P 178 RGB J Ves Ves Ves a Ves Ves Yes Yes Yes Yes ie Mo A ee Al A ARNES A TYsp Yes JJ Yes es Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DC 1080P 2048 x 1080 48P_ 185 RGB Ves Yes o E RSE E E EAS Page 38 SONY Sony Electronics Inc Broadcast and Production Systems Division 1 Sony Drive Park Ridge NJ 07656 www sony com sxrd DI OO99A Second Edition Version 3 11 January 2 2008 2007 Sony Electronics Inc All rights reserved Features and specifications are subject to change without no
3. Slow panel switching is the culprit Sony aimed for high switching speed High Contrast Ratio Resolution by itself does not guarantee picture quality Resolution and contrast work hand in hand to create the perception of image detail Low Dark Level Some liquid crystal designs tend to create milky blacks Sony sought to overcome this limitation Page 12 Long Operating Life Sony required materials and operating structures that could withstand thousands of hours in the high heat of a large venue projector without performance degradation e Minimum Artifacts Some projection systems tend to introduce artifacts not present in the original picture Sony sought to reduce artifacts e Practical Manufacturing Process Despite their performance advantages LCoS panels continue to frustrate companies that would mass produce them As a major consumer electronics manufacturer Sony absolutely required a microdisplay suitable for mass production e Scalability We wanted a system that could support both small affordable panels for mass produced consumer televisions and large panels for Large Venue and Digital Cinema projection Sony found the answers in an all new approach to reflective liquid crystal technology the SXRD panel The acronym is short for Silicon X tal Reflective Display where x tal is engineering shorthand for crystal peewee More than 8 megapixels on an inch and a half of silicon this is Son
4. Subframe A shown in green and Subframe B shown in red 10 pixels each Addressed pixels with optical actuator in position 1 Data Subframe A Addressed pixels with optical actuator in position 2 half pixel offset from position 1 Data Subframe B 20 pixels shown using a chip with half the resolution and half the frame duration given to each subframe An optical actuator works to double the native resolution of the panel itself The optical actuator system also uses a different orientation for the pixels Instead of an orthogonal array arranged in vertical columns and horizontal rows the optical actual system adopts a diamond or diagonal pixel array In the optical actuator system a diagonal array pixel left shares its area with four adjacent pixels An orthogonal array pixel right never shares its area Page 26 Thanks in part to the pitch of the SXRD pixels Sony projectors do not use an optical actuator Each pixel has its own unique space on the screen not shared with any other pixel And the SXRD system displays all the pixels all the time Spatial Dithering Some projection systems use electronic processing to conceal resolution limitations and deliver a subjectively pleasing picture on typical moving images But the action of these circuits can be glaringly obvious during motion picture credits and other fine text applications The Sony 4K projectors do not use this type of processing
5. The projectors offer a gamma curve of 2 6 recommended by DCI as well as gamma of 2 2 and 1 8 The LPD panel driver board operates with 12 bits of precision for extremely natural images LPD Board mN LKRI 001 002 003 004 Four DC SDI inputs can be combined to form a single 4096 x 2160 image Page 31 PC based control The projectors are designed to be operated by a PC running the Microsoft Windows XP Professional operating system You can attach the PC directly via RS 232C interface or use a single PC to manage a fleet of projectors via Ethernet The control system tracks lamp life and service intervals and can alert you to error conditions via automated emails A conventional handheld infrared remote control is also supplied for basic on off and input switching functions 2 S RX Controller Control Function Menu Ethernet File Back Password Help SCREEN CONTROL dl ON OFF A cc PICTURE CONTROL CUT OFF ON OFF nruTA COLOR FRAME INSTALLATION INPUT A INPUT B Input Source Signal Mode Input Source Signal Mode VP Mode VP Mode Signal Info Signal Info fH 27 00 KHz f 48 00 Hz YPBPR HDTV Signal Adjust Signal Adjust E En En Bl Contrast Contrast Brightness Brightness Color Color sharpness sharpness z ES Al ON OFF CUT OFF ON OFF inpuTA l E fH oO 00 KHz f y INPUT CH NOINPUT MUTING SERVICE amp SETTING amp I
6. incurred some sacrifice in real estate at the edges as well as distracting shifts in brightness and color 4K SXRD projection represents a major advance Compared to edge blending the 4K projection presents a giant canvas of 4096 x 2160 with no sacrifices Third party vendors and system integrators have been quick to use this pixel real estate to provide incredibly panoramic displays These can include multiple configured on the fly computer graphic windows each in its native resolution 4K content delivery and connection 4K content has originated from scanning 35mm or 65mm motion picture film from computer animation and from 4K digital cameras For Digital Cinema this content is typically played from a growing selection of servers that are compatible with the 4K signal The Sony 100 Series 4K projectors SRX S110 S105 R110 and R105 have four input card slots which can be configured to accept analog Y Pb Pr analog RGB SD SDI 4 2 2 HD SDI 4 2 2 DC SDI dual link HD SDI 4 4 4 dual link DC SDI and DVI inputs A single standard definition video high definition video computer RGB or 2K Digital Cinema source can be displayed across the entire screen Or four inputs can be displayed on four quadrants of the screen simultaneously a valuable feature for multi point videoconferencing and multi part Sports Book display Superior presentation of HD content sony 4K SXRD projection enhances the display of HD and 2K sources making these
7. 1 55 inches diagonal 4096 H X 2160 V Pixels 72 More than 4000 1 8 5 um 0 35 um 5 0 msec 2 5 msec tr 2 5 msec tf Vertical Aligned Mode Inorganic Thin Film 0 35 um MOS Process Less than 2 um 3 SXRD panel prism color integrated system SXRD panel 1 55 inch diagonal 4096 H x 2160 V pixels on each chip SRX S110 SRX R110 2 kW Xenon lamp x 2 SRX S105 SRX R105 1 kW Xenon lamp x 2 14 feet to 51 feet 4 5 to 15 5 m viewable area measured horizontally SRX S110 SRX R110 10 000 lumens 10 SRX S105 SRX R105 5 000 lumens 10 Since there are multiple methods of measuring brightness the way that brightness is specified will vary among manufacturers X 0 314 Y 0 351 Greater than 1800 1 600 TV lines SDI input SMPTE 259M 1920 x 1080 pixels HD SDI input SMPTE 292M 4096 x 2160 pixels RGB SRX S110 SRX S105 Video SD Component Y Cb Cr HD RGB Y Pb Pr Computer XGA SXGA UXGA DVI D XGA Quad VGA SXGA UXGA WUXGA 1920 x 1080 2048 x 1080 Page 34 Power requirements Operating temperature Storage temperature Operating humidity Storage humidity Dimensions W x H x D Mass INPUT OUTPUT Input A Input B Input C Input D Remote interface SRX R110 SRX R105 Video SD Component Y Cb Cr HD RGB Y Pb Pr Computer XGA SXGA UXGA SRX S110 SRX R110 AC 200 to 240 V 50 60 Hz 30 A SRX S105 SRX R105 AC 100 to 240 V 50 60 Hz 30 A 5 Cto 35 C 4
8. Assembly Layer Common Electrode Electrode Attachment LC fill amp Seal Packaging Sony assembles the IMITO glass and silicon backplane prior to cutting the wafer into individual panels singlation In this way Sony achieves three key features a narrow cell gap dust free process and no LC gap spacers in the image area Page 15 Sony produces the SXRD panel s silicon backplane at our Kokubu Technology Center The backplane uses a 0 35 micron process and an innovative drive circuit A special planarization technique yields an extremely flat silicon backplane important for cell gap uniformity The panels themselves are assembled at Sony s Kumamoto Technology Center There Sony affixes the Index Matching Indium Tin Oxide IMITO glass to the backplane before we cut the wafer into individual panels This process minimizes the Liquid Crystal cell gap minimizes dust and keeps LC gap spacers clear of the image area all important considerations in picture quality High Resolution Sony SXRD panels have been establishing resolution benchmarks from Day One The very first product to incorporate SXRD technology Sony s Qualia 004 custom installation front projector was also the world s first home microdisplay projector to deliver full 1920 x 1080 HD resolution Critics were dazzled not only by the resolution but also the stable color and vivid contrast Sony soon incorporated the same 0 78 inch diagonal SXRD panel into the Qualia 006 h
9. BOARD Inputs HD SDI SD SDI BNC x 2 Input x1 Loop through out x1 SMPTE 292M ITU R BT 709 BTA S004 SMPTE 259M ITU R BT601 OPTIONAL LKRI 003 DUAL LINK HD SDI 4 4 4 Single Link HD SDI 4 2 2 INPUT BOARD Inputs Single Link HD SDI Single Link DC SDI Dual Link HD SDI Dual Link DC SDI BNC x 4 Input x2 Loop through out x2 Y Pb Pr 4 2 2 SMPTE 292M Y Pb Pr 4 2 2 RGB 4 4 4 SMPTE 372M RGB 4 4 4 OPTIONAL LKRI 004 DUAL DVI INPUT BOARD SRX S110 S105 Supported Signals SRX R110 R105 Supported Signals OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Safety regulations Supplied accessories Optional accessories 1024 x 768 at 60 Hz XGA 1280 x 960 at 60 Hz SXGA 1280 x1024 at 60 Hz SXGA 1400 x 1050 at 60 Hz SXGA 1600 x 1200 at 60 Hz UXGA 2048 x 1080 at 60 Hz 1920 x 1080 at 24 Hz 2048 x 1080 at 24 Hz 1920 x 1200 at 59 95 Hz Reduced Blanking WUXGA 1920 x 1080 at 60 Hz 2048 x 1080 at 48 Hz 1024 x 768 at 60 Hz XGA 1280 x 960 at 60Hz SXGA 1280 x 1024 at 60 Hz SXGA 1400 x 1050 at 60 Hz SXGA 1600 x 1200 at 60 Hz UXGA 1920 x 1080 at 24 Hz 2048 x 1080 at 24 Hz UL60950 listed cUL60950 FCC Class A IC Class A VCCI Class A EN60950 CE Class A C tick GB4943 GB9254 K60950 CISPR22 CISPR24 Remote controller x 1 CD ROM x 1 Remote control application software for Windows XP Professional Edition AA Batteries x 2 Ethernet cross cable x 1 3 meter Operation instructions x 1 Insta
10. It also stands behind the Sony BRAVIA home theater projectors These are multi million dollar markets in which SXRD technology is proving to be a pivotal competitive advantage 4K resolution is established The 4096 x 2160 resolution is established in Visualization Simulation Auditoriums and Postproduction 4K is supported by media servers and external image processors And 4K is an accepted part of the Digital Cinema workflow from acquisition to postproduction to distribution and exhibition These are the world s first These Sony SXRD projectors are the world s first commercially available projectors to provide 4K resolution And these projectors also support 2K high definition video standard definition video and computer sources Of course no technical document however detailed can substitute for an eyes on demonstration No technical document should If you haven t already seen a demonstration you owe it to yourself to see Sony s 4K SXRD projection in action Page 33 SXRD DEVICE Display device Size Resolution Reflectivity Contrast device only Pixel pitch Spacing between pixels Response speed Liquid crystal mode Alignment layer Backplane process Liquid crystal cell gap OPTICAL Projection system Imaging device Lamp Screen Coverage Approx Light output GENERAL Xenon White Reference Contrast Resolution Signal specifications Specifications SXRD Silicon X tal Reflective Display panel
11. Red Green and Blue In this way SXRD projectors display all the colors all the time Thanks to this three panel Page 24 design you get stable consistent color under all viewing conditions in addition to high optical efficiency In addition the Sony 4K projectors mount the SXRD panels into optical engines that provide almost precisely equal length for the Red Green and Blue beams This feature also helps provide consistent natural color SXRD Panel R A Trimming Filter R i Condenser i Lens 2R Mirror R Collimator P S Converter Fly Eye 1 Fly Eye 2 Trimming Filter B SXRD Panel B This schematic view of the Sony 4K light engine shows the three SXRD panels and the nearly equal length optical paths for Red Green and Blue E This simplified rendering shows the SXRD panels Main PBS blocks and the final Cross Dichroic Prism where the three colors combine Page 25 Optical Actuators Most microdisplay projectors offer a one to one relationship between the pixels on the microdisplay and the pixels on the screen But in a move oddly reminiscent of interlace scanning recent projection systems divide each display frame into two subframes A pivoting mirror outside the display panel called an optical actuator toggles the screen image back and forth The system shows the pixels of the first subframe then toggles to show the pixels of the second Original data for 20 pixels gt Data split into
12. area with just 8 wasted on inter pixel gaps So the aperture ratio fill factor is 92 The silicon backplane also contributes to superb uniformity and low crosstalk Accurate motion rendering Liquid Crystal is viscous with consistency more like honey than water When the transistors command a pixel to change its state the liquid crystal takes a few milliseconds to respond In motion pictures milliseconds are important In the most demanding scenario 60 frames per second sources require the projector to display a new scene every 16 7 milliseconds Slow LCD response can blur fast motion for example a race car zooming past a trackside camera Both transmissive H LCDs and the SXRD panel use a liquid crystal layer But while light travels through the transmissive H LCD liquid only once light passes through the SXRD panel liquid twice first coming in to strike the mirrored backplane and then reflecting out toward the screen Because the light passes through twice the layer of liquid itself can be half as thick Having an LC layer that s half as thick is a huge advantage because thinner layers mean fewer LC molecules to twist And that means more power is available to twist each molecule for faster response Page 19 3 0 um 4 0 um A thinner Liquid Crystal layer right means fewer LC molecules to twist and more available power to twist each molecule The result Faster response In practice response time decreases dramaticall
13. operating at 100 This is appropriate for screens up to 25 feet 7 6 meters wide The SRX S110 and R110 each incorporate two 2 kilowatt Xenon lamps for a maximum output of 10 000 lumens good for screens up to 40 feet 12 meters wide Since there are multiple methods of measuring brightness the way that brightness is specified will vary among manufacturers Optional lenses Sony offers six optional projection lenses identified by the ratio of projection distance to screen width These include five zoom lenses and a 0 9x short throw lens for special applications distance to screen width Page 30 Circuitry To accommodate the full range of SD HD computer and Digital Cinema inputs the projectors have four input slots that accept optional input boards Optional Input Board LKRI 001 Analog Input Board LKRI 002 HD SDI SD SDI 4 2 2 Input Board LKRI 003 Dual Link HD SDI 4 4 4 Single Link HD SDI 4 2 2 Input Board LKRI 004 DVI Interface Input Board Internal signal transport is accomplished by Low Voltage Differential Signal LVDS The projectors can put a single SD HD computer or Digital Cinema image across the entire screen show a quad split of four simultaneous images or show two simultaneous images The switching and matrixing is handled by the MX board Primary signal processing is handled by the four PR boards which apply gamma contrast brightness color sharpness and color temperature adjustments
14. projectors a smart choice even if you don t plan to show 4K content in the immediate future For audience members sitting close to the screen conventional HD projectors can reveal jaggies unwanted pixel stair steps that are particularly visible on hard line picture edges such as text and graphics Depending on microdisplay technology conventional HD projectors can also make the gaps between pixels readily visible on the screen This unwanted artifact is often called screen door effect because the picture appears to be viewed through a screen door Sony SXRD 4K projectors minimize both artifacts First with SXRD the gaps between the pixels are unusually narrow in proportion to the live image area Roughly 92 of the image is live with only about 8 devoted to gaps Then SXRD 4K projection presses this advantage Page further still with pixels that are roughly 1 4 the area of HD pixels at a given screen size In this way the gaps are rendered all but invisible with SXRD 4K projection Here s an enlargement of a section of the screen where an HD projector shows four pixels left In this same area a 4K projector shows 16 pixels right This makes the gaps between the pixels far less visible Next every Sony 4K projector can use Intelligent Smoothing a Sony circuit that scales an incoming HD or 2K picture up to the resolution of the 4K screen In the process Intelligent Smoothing interpolates new display pixels in between t
15. 1 F to 90 F 20 C to 60 C 4 F to 140 F 35 to 85 without condensation 10 to 90 Approx 740 x 500 x 1330 mm 29 4 5 x 19 4 5 x 52 3 5 inches Approx 110 kg 242 Ibs 8 oz SRX S110 SRX S105 DVI D interface board SRX R110 SRX R105 Open for optional signal interface board Open for optional signal interface board Open for optional signal interface board Open for optional signal interface board D sub 9 pin RS 232C female x 1 Ethernet terminal 10Base T 100Base TX x 1 OPTIONAL LKRI 001 ANALOG INPUT BOARD Inputs Computer Signals RGB sync Standard Definition Video Y Cb Cr High Definition Video RGB High Definition Video Y Pb Pr BNC x 5 HD SD analog video signal RGB Y or Y Cb Cr selectable R 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q G 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q B 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q HD horizontal TTL level high impedance sync positive negative HD Vertical TTL level high impedance sync positive negative Y 1 0 Vp p 2dB sync negative 75 Q Cb 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q Cr 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q R 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q G with sync 1 0 Vp p 2dB 750 Tri level sync 0 3 Vp p Bi level sync 0 3 Vp p B 0 7 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q Y 1 0 Vp p 2dB 75Q Tri level sync 0 3 Vp p Bi level sync 0 3 Vp p Page 35 Pb 0 35 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q Pr 0 35 Vp p 2dB positive 75 Q OPTIONAL LKRI 002 HD SDI SD SDI 4 2 2 INPUT
16. In addition as a natural consequence of their lower resolution 2K projectors will also exhibit aliasing and black dither noise on images while SXRD 4K projectors do not With three separate microdisplay panels and no optical actuator Sony SXRD projectors display all the colors on all the pixels all the time And with a minimum of electronic tricks those pixels are extremely faithful to the original source Unwanted artifacts are kept to a minimum Page 27 The Projectors Sony now offers four SXRD 4K projectors designed for Visualization Simulation Auditoriums and Postproduction the 100 Series The four projectors are differentiated by light output input configuration how they accept 4K signals and maximum refresh rate Projector Model SRX SRX SRX SRX 110 105 R110 R105 Brightness Lumens 10 000 5 000 10 000 5 000 Pre Installed Input Boards DVI D in DVI D in None None ee A A 4K Signals Accepted s_ A OATES COMME o a e AnmalogRGB Yes es HD SDE gt Yes es WM Ves Ves fe E 60Hz NOTE Since there are multiple methods of measuring brightness the way that brightness is specified will vary among manufacturers For information on the SRX R210 and SRX R220 projectors for Digital Cinema please refer to sony com digitalcinema Physical layout Tipping the scales at over 200 pounds these projectors have an imposing physical presence Each projector includes two lamphouses arranged symmetri
17. NPUT Input Source Signal Mode I P Mode Signal Info fH O00 KHz f INPUT CH NOINPUT Signal Adjust Contrast Brightness Color sharpness Location REI Operation Timer 24H O Lamp A 0 Lamp B Warning Info 0 00 Hz POWER OFF UN USER CONT FUNCTION 1 2 3 INPUT D Input Source Signal Mode gt P Mode Signal Info fH 0 00 KHz f O00 y INPUT CH NOINPUT Signal Adjust RESET Contrast Brightness Color sharpness Supplied software left enables comprehensive PC control The supplied infrared remote control right operates basic inout switching functions Maintenance Sony paid special attention to periodic maintenance Lamp bulbs and lamp houses can be replaced without special jigs or tools Of course appropriate safety equipment should always be worn This minimizes downtime during the replacement cycle And there are no cumbersome adjustments after lamp replacement Page 32 A Final Word While our story has been long and detailed our conclusions are short and simple Sony is in projection for the long haul We ve been doing this for 35 years And our SXRD 4K projectors are already used in high profile applications in the commercial educational content creation and digital cinema sectors With the SXRD panel Sony is a leader in projection technology Our Silicon X tal Reflective Display SXRD panel is not simply a development for the 4K projectors
18. SD SON Y SXRD 4K Projection Technology for Visualization Simulation Auditoriums and Postproduction Introduction When the history of digital projection is written October 2005 will stand out as a milestone After numerous demonstrations impassioned industry discussions and mounting anticipation it was in October 2005 that the Sony SRX R110 and SRX R105 became the world s first commercially available 4K projectors with deliveries to Landmark Theaters the National Geographic Society and Sony Pictures Entertainment Since that time Sony 4K projection has become a fixture in auditoriums research universities flight simulators control rooms and trade shows as well as movie theaters In short Sony 4K is called on for any application that demands ultimate size resolution and picture quality And Sony has extended the product line adding two models with a pre installed DVI input SRX S110 and SRX S105 and two dedicated Digital Cinema models SRX R220 and SRX R210 As with any such dramatic departure Sony 4K projection raises many questions Why has Sony entered the high end digital projection market Why has such a large company so well known in other categories decided to pursue such a niche e What is the significance of 4K 4096 x 2160 resolution What source devices support 4K What signal transport delivers 4K What applications does 4K serve What is the technology behind the projectors microdisplay devic
19. ability This extends the operating life of the SXRD panel In addition H LCD panels are squarely in the light transmission path making them relatively difficult to cool Because light reflects off the SXRD panels their dark side is out of the light transmission path making them easier to cool This prolongs the panel life further still Minimum artifacts There s more to picture quality than just the microdisplay panels Electronic and electro mechanical systems associated with the microdisplays can add artifacts not present in the original picture These artifacts may be visible depending on picture content and viewing circumstances When comparing microdisplay projection systems three potential sources of artifacts stand out e Color wheels are used in consumer and affordable business class projectors to generate multiple colors from a single microdisplay panel e Optical actuators are used to double the native resolution of the microdisplay panel e Spatial dithering is used to conceal limitations in a microdisplay panel Page 23 Sony s design program for SXRD projection called for the closest possible fidelity to the original picture For this reason SXRD projection does not resort to color wheels optical actuators special dithering or sub pixel processing Color Wheels These are a throwback to the mechanical color television proposals of the 1950s Color is separated by a rotating color wheel that is timed to coincide w
20. aling Spacer Area Timing controller 4096 x 2160 8 8 million pixels Plan view not to scale of Sony s 4K SXRD microdisplay panel By locating the Sealing Spacer outside the active picture area the SXRD design maintains maximum contrast Page 22 Thanks to these features and additional refinements to the SXRD panel structure contrast is substantially improved over H LCD designs The contrast ratio of Sony s 4K SXRD panel alone is better than 4000 1 when measured with a conoscope a tool for analyzing the optical properties of bifringent materials Total contrast ratio of Sony 4K projectors when viewed on a screen with unity gain is greater than 1800 1 That s comparable to other digital projection technologies Long operating life CRTs have phosphors that are subject to burn in when an image stays on the screen too long Projection CRTs are particularly susceptible because they run at higher output to achieve high brightness Fixed pixel projector display panels are immune to burn in offering far longer life And the SXRD panel is particularly robust Two thin sheets of material hold the liquid crystal in alignment Typically this material is organic polyimide film This generally works well but has less than optimal operating life in the stressful high heat environment of a digital projector Sony s inorganic thin film alignment layer not only maintains vertical liquid crystal alignment but also exhibits exceptional thermal st
21. aneous feeds by driving the 4K projector from an external video processor RGB inputs of full 4096 x 2160 resolution enable these projectors to display data text and computer graphics with superb clarity Visualization By achieving 4096 x 2160 resolution on a single screen one projector can deliver more compelling more involving more realistic visualizations than ever before Compared to edge blending multiple Page 10 projectors this minimizes the loss of real estate at the edges and distracting shifts in brightness or color This also eliminates the effort and cost of running and maintaining multiple projectors to cover the same field as well as the cost of external processing Simulation Unprecedented resolution and a visually seamless picture combine to deliver the most immersive display available from a fixed pixel projector Now your trainees can react to subtle visual cues rather than distracting display artifacts Museums Sony 4K projection is making visitors more excited more impressed and more motivated for a return visit Rental and Staging Customers need to deliver a message loudly clearly and memorably in trade shows and conferences Nothing makes more of a statement than a 4K image Casino Sports Book With ever larger slices of the sports calendar going high definition SD projection will soon look boring and dated Sony 4K SXRD projection supports up to four simultaneous high definition feeds on a single
22. cally around the central axis which contains the optical engine and lens The projectors can be operated on one or both lamps In case of an outage the projectors automatically failover to the surviving lamp Ethernet Input Card Slots Status Panel RS232 Right side of the projector chassis showing input and control interfaces Page 28 Lamp House Lamp Lamp House Power Supplies Power Optical Input Block Signal processing Input Cards Lens This view of the projector internal layout shows the two symmetrical lamphouses Xenon lamp Microdisplay projection lamps are not simply responsible for screen brightness but also for color gamut Sony chose a Xenon lamp both because Xenon is recommended in the Digital Cinema Initiatives DCI specification and because it delivers a flat and wide spectral response Xenon is capable of an extended range of colors far beyond that used in television The projectors can display both ITU 709 and P3 DCDM color space and also decode the new XYZ modulation specification detailed by the DCI Page 29 XYZ Color Space P3 DCDM 709 DCI W P 6500K The P3 DCDM color gamut is substantially broader than the ITU 709 gamut for video Sony projectors support both ITU 709 and P3 color spaces The projectors differ in power supply lamps and projected brightness The SRX S105 and R105 each incorporate two 1 kilowatt Xenon lamps for a maximum output of 5 000 lumens with both lamps
23. e Sony s Silicon X tal Reflective Display SXRD panel How does it perform not simply in terms of resolution but also the vital parameters of contrast brightness response time aperture ratio and long term stability How do Sony 4K projectors work How are they connected and controlled To begin to answer these questions Sony has prepared this document Here we will take a close look at the Sony 4K projectors for Visualization Simulation Auditoriums and Postproduction These are the 100 Series projectors the SRX S110 S105 R110 and R105 For detailed information on the Sony 4K projectors for Digital Cinema the SRX R220 and R210 please refer to sony com digitalcinema Page 2 Table of Contents HOGOI ieee teen ese ieee eee ees ees eee A ae eens eens eee eee 2 Table oT COMON 22 css cnneieseneraterarenstesarenathnarenatirasercterensnedssonenstGsenexatesarenstesarenatins 3 SONY a a Digital PRO ECO reiser pa rr eon npari 4 AK BO OON eean aA NEREA AERE EAE RENE RE ee A ee S 6 TRG SA ROMCO GPI er EE 12 TG ROIS CIONG aore i on E AP A 28 PER AS A 33 SPECMICALON et ee ee ee 34 DATA PROJECTOR SAX S110 Page 3 Sony and Digital Projection To casual observers Sony s involvement in Large Venue and Digital Cinema projection may come as a surprise But industry insiders understand Sony s deep involvement in the technology of digital entertainment almost every step of the way from acquisition and production to postp
24. e the SXRD panel uses VAN liquid crystal which normally displays black This crystal material is proprietary to Sony SXRD devices e Ultra thin LC layer less than 2 micrometers The contrast ratio is defined in part by the dark level the blackest possible black that the panel can display Lower dark levels are better As with response time the dark level falls dramatically as the LC layer thickness is reduced For this reason Sony s ultra thin LC layer less than 2 micrometers contributes directly to a higher contrast ratio Page 21 at 50 C 1 0 o ee OS DE I D a 0 1 x a 0 01 0 001 0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 Cell thickness yu m Dark level left scale and contrast ratio right scale vary dramatically as the Liquid Crystal layer thickness varies This graphs shows contrast ratio of the SXRD panel alone when measured with a conoscope Spacer less design Many LCD panels require spacers in the image area to maintain a uniform cell gap Unfortunately these spacers interrupt the regularity of the nearby liquid crystal molecules degrading contrast The SXRD panel incorporates a spacer sealer around the periphery of the live display area As a result the image is entirely free from spacers to maintain maximum contrast In addition Sony s silicon backplane planarization helps establish an ultra flat surface Together with Sony s spacer sealer this maintains cell gap uniformity to a highly precise 3 Se
25. he source pixels In HD to 4K upscaling the projector circuitry creates three new pixel values for each pixel in the source signal These new pixel values do not represent additional picture information That can only come from the source But the interpolated pixels do enable a more seamless display for a visible reduction in stairstep jaggies Sony 4K projectors feature Intelligent Smoothing a circuit that performs HD to 4K upscaling For each pixel in the HD source dark circles the circuit creates three new pixel values light circles for a more seamless picture Page 8 With Sony s HD to 4K upscaling the stairstep jaggies of HD images are visibly reduced in 4K projection You don t get added resolution That can only come from the source But you do get a noticeably smoother picture 4 HD images Thanks to the four input slots Sony 4K SXRD projectors can also accept four HD inputs to display four simultaneous high definition images Each image appears complete in its own quadrant of the common screen And each retains full 1920 x 1080 resolution Here s a decisive advantage for Command amp Control applications that depend on multiple feeds for Museum Exhibits Casino Sports Book and for any application that tracks more than one video feed at a time The projectors also support side by side display of two HD feeds Sony s 4K SXRD projectors can display four simultaneous HD pictures Page 9 The project
26. image that s 4 x 1024 or 4096 pixels wide Sony 4K projectors achieve a resolution of 4096 pixels horizontal x 2160 pixels vertical This is slightly more than four times the pixels of the highest high definition TV specification 1920 x 1080 You can think of 4K as delivering four times the pixels per square inch For example if you held a credit card up to a screen 2 feet wide the card would be covered by over 1 000 pixels And each pixel would be the size of the letter E in the word LIBERTY on a US quarter Greater immersion Just as high definition is more involving than standard definition 4K is far more immersive than HD 4K projection enables you to sit close to the screen and still retain the illusion of a seamless continuous picture As you sit closer you become more immersed in the visual experience 4K Projection 4096 H x 2160 V 8 847 360 pixels 1080p Home SXGA HDTV 1280 H x 1024 V 1 310 720 pixels 1920 H x 1080 V 2 073 600 pixels Home SDTV 720 H x 480 V 345 600 pixels More pixels make for a far larger far more immersive viewing experience and provide space for more visual information Page 6 More visual information If your business depends on rapid decision making based on visual information it pays to make that information as clear and accessible as technology will allow That s why Command amp Control and Visualization customers have edge blended multiple projectors into a single image This
27. ith a subframe for each color segment on the wheel such as Red Green and Blue Contemporary color wheels now use as many as eight segments Regardless of the number of segments this system can only flash one color at a time In fact the colors remain completely separate until they are combined by the human visual system This single chip system generates adequate color under many viewing conditions However under certain high contrast conditions rainbow flashes of the individual colors may be seen This can occur when looking away from the screen or even blinking gt 5 C mom 3 di 4 Airs z ha ce ey i T FA Color separation One panel Screen Colors via rotating filter flashes Red combined by Color breakup wheel Green amp Blue human visual system E s SN a mn OF OTe y Three Chips j Color separation Three SXRD Colors combined Stable natural No color breakup via dichroic panels by prism color to viewers mirrors Projectors with a single microdisplay panel and color wheel are subject to color breakup which may be visible or concern certain viewers SXRD projectors use three separate panels for Red Green and Blue to display all the colors all the time So color breakup is never a problem Sample illustration of color breakup that may be visible to viewers with a high contrast image Even the least expensive consumer SXRD televisions use three independent microdisplay panels one each for
28. ization with a series of Polarized Beam Splitters external to the SXRD panels themselves Where H LCD panels include all three of these elements SXRD panels include only one the liquid crystal Polarization is handled by external Polarized Beam Splitters PBS s Before light reaches the SXRD panel it reflects off the corresponding pre PBS This pre polarized light passes through the SXRD liquid Page 14 crystal where it is aligned as the image requires and reflected back out If the SXRD pixel has rotated the light it then is not aligned with the post PBS polarization and is allowed to pass If the incoming light has not been rotated then it is blocked by the post PBS and reflected back into the source light path 4 Aluminum Process gt 3 Aluminum Process gt 2 Aluminum Process gt 1 Aluminum Process Polysilicon Process Silicon Substrate Photomicrograph of the SXRD panel silicon backplane in cross section SXRD panel production Unlike conventional LCoS panels which are notoriously difficult to manufacture the SXRD panel uses a production process that Sony has perfected in the company s own dedicated manufacturing facilities This has enabled Sony to bring SXRD technology smoothly into production while taking advantage of its many benefits IMITO glass Si backplane gt D gt D IMITO glass Si racer a 7 Inorganic Alignment Print Sealing amp Singlation
29. llation manual x 1 LKRL 90 0 9x fixed lens LKRL Z115 1 48 to 1 81x zoom lens LKRL 2117 1 72 to 2 39x zoom lens LKRL Z119 1 81 to 2 94x zoom lens LKRL 2122 2 33 to 3 96x zoom lens LKRL Z140 3 81 to 7 12x zoom lens LKRI 001 Analog input board LKRI 002 HD SDI SD SDI 4 2 2 input board LKRI 003 Dual Link HD SDI 4 4 4 Single Link HD SDI 4 2 2 input board LKRI 004 DVI input board Page 36 Required specifications for control PC LKRX 110 2kW Xenon lamp bulb for replacement for SRX S110 SRX R110 LKRX B110 2kW Xenon lamp house unit for replacement for SRX S110 SRX R110 LKRX 105 1kW Xenon lamp bulb for replacement for SRX S105 SRX R105 LKRX B105 1kW Xenon lamp house unit for replacement for SRX S105 SRX R105 LKRA 001 8 inch Exhaust Duct Adaptor PRSSRXRS Rigging amp Stacking Cage PRSSRXTS1 Projector Stand OS Microsoft Windows XP Professional Edition English and Japanese only with Service Pack 2 Required Memory 256MB or more HDD Capacity 8MB or more Equipped with 10Base 100Base T Ethernet Connector CD ROM drive with reading speed of 8x or faster Display with XGA or larger CPU Intel Celeron 1GHz or faster recommendation Page 3 COMPATIBLE FORMATS AND STANDARDS Signal Aspect Signal Standard SRX R110 R105 format ratio type a S105 y LKRI 004 004 te O Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes es Yes es Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
30. ome theater rear projection television N O Sony s Qualia 004 custom installation projector left was the first product to incorporate SXRD technology using the 0 78 inch 1920 x 1080 SXRD panel It was soon joined by the Qualia 006 right shown with optional stand The next landmarks in SXRD resolution were the world s first commercially available 4K projectors the SRX R110 and SRX R105 which take advantage of a substantially larger 1 55 inch microdisplay Sony s second generation SXRD panel Page 16 The BRAVIA VPL VW50 projector takes advantage of Sony s third generation SXRD panels At the time of its launch the 0 61 inches diagonal third generation SXRD panel was the world s smallest microdisplay to achieve full 1920 x 1080 resolution This device is featured in Sony s BRAVIA VPL VW100 and VPL VW50 home theater projectors With panel sizes from 0 61 to 1 55 inches and pixel counts from 2 0 to 8 8 megapixels SXRD technology is also highly scalable 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation Application Custom Digital Cinema Home Theater Installation Home Large Venues Theater Command amp Control Museums and Exhibits Qualia 004 front SRX S110 VPL VW100 projector SRX S105 VPL VW50 Qualia 006 rear SRX R110 projector SRX R105 SRX R210 SRX R220 0 78 inches 1 55 inches 0 61 inches diagonal diagonal diagonal Resolution HxV pixels 1920 x 1080 4096 x 2160 1920 x 1080 Reflectivity De
31. ors can also display two side by side full resolution HD video feeds Differentiation Until recently Large Venues Rental and Staging Trade Shows and Museums could count on high definition projection to deliver a reliable wow factor Unfortunately this impact is fast being eroded A growing share of home HDTVs is now capable of displaying the full resolution of a 1080 line high definition picture These so called 1080p home televisions include LCD flat panels microdisplay rear projection televisions and even a few plasma panels These TVs are offered not only by Sony but also by Hitachi JVC LG Mitsubishi Panasonic Samsung Sharp and Toshiba Computer displays are also migrating to ever higher resolutions As the home theater improves out of home venues need to offer a better viewing experience to maintain an advantage Sony 4K projection is a powerful way to set your audience experience apart from home theater 4K Applications Since the launch of Sony 4K projection end users integrators and third party vendors in various industries have embraced the technology Sony 4K is now featured in diverse applications where its higher resolution is making a meaningful difference o Command and Control With the ability to display one two or four simultaneous HD video feeds at full 1920 x 1080 resolution these Sony projectors enable a new generation of mission critical video monitoring Of course you can display even more simult
32. roduction and projection In addition modern microdisplay technologies are shared between large venue and home theater digital projectors As a company that also makes consumer products Sony has a multi million dollar incentive to excel in microdisplays e Sony and projection We announced our first video projection system when Richard Nixon was in the White House and the original Godfather was in first run theaters The year was 1972 We were also the first company to deliver a consumer video projector in the United States Since that time we ve been a leader in projection systems for commercial airliners lecture halls casino sports book command amp control rooms conference rooms and living rooms We launched our first universal PAL NTSC RGB projector the VPH 1020Q in 1982 In 1989 our HDIH 2000 high definition projector found such high profile applications as the World of Coke exhibit in Atlanta And we continued to develop and refine professional CRT projectors up to the much loved VPH G90U 1999 Today s 4K models represent the latest generation in Sony projection technology 1972 Feb e Announced a new color video projection system for project ing video and TV pictures on a large 50 inch screen Our first projection systems left and our legendary 9 inch CRT projector the VPH G90U right e Sony and display picture quality Sony professional monitors are used for critical picture evaluation Our BVM Series monitor
33. s are front and center when digital program content is scrutinized for exposure focus color contrast and detail Page 4 Sony digital production equipment includes such landmarks as the F23 CineAlta camera and BVM L230 master monitor e Sony digital production equipment We build the CineAlta digital cinema equipment used to shoot more high profile movies than all other digital systems combined We re also a leader in high definition broadcast cameras recorders and switchers Sony Pictures Entertainment Not only is Sony actively involved in digital production of movies and television shows but Sony Pictures Imageworks is also an innovator in photorealistic digital effects And Sony Pictures Studios offer world renowned production and postproduction facilities As you can see Sony s involvement in digital production is comprehensive Our commitment to display picture quality is legendary And our passion for projection is measured not in months or years but in decades Page 5 4K Resolution Sony launched the world s first commercially available 4K projectors That raises some obvious questions What is 4K What signal sources support it For what applications is 4K suited And how do you get a 4K signal into the projectors In the metric system K is short for kilo the prefix for 1000 But in the binary system of computers K equals 2 to the tenth power or 1024 In the jargon of digital cinema 4K refers to an
34. screen External processing can display even more windows of standard definition high definition or computer based content at full or scaled resolution on the 4K screen And for high profile events you can switch the entire screen to a single source Planetarium The smaller the pixel the more accurate the sky With Sony 4K SXRD projection the stars are bright and distinct Compared to multiple edge blended projectors you get superb detail in a much simpler system which lowers costs Digital Cinema Sony offered the world s first commercially available projectors to match the 4096 x 2160 resolution defined in the Digital Cinema Initiatives version 1 0 recommended specification As of September 2007 they remain the world s ONLY commercially available projectors to do so And Sony has introduced dedicated cinema models the SRX R220 and SRX R210 For more information visit sony com digitalcinema Page 11 The SXRD Microdisplay In the United States literally hundreds of fixed pixel projector models are available from dozens of companies These projectors serve every conceivable market from home television rear projection to custom installation front projectors portable business projectors fixed installation projectors large venue projectors and digital cinema projectors But behind the apparent diversity almost every one of these projectors depends on just three types of microdisplays High Temperature Polysilicon Liquid Crystal Di
35. splay H LCD is a transmissive technology in which the light shines through the panel Digital Light Processing DLP panels use a reflective micro mirror array Liquid Crystal on Silicon LCoS is a category of reflective panels that includes the Direct drive Image Light Amplifier D ILA display From the outset Sony was determined to create a fundamentally better microdisplay We set our sights on an ambitious development project targeting the full range of projector performance High Resolution We were committed to breaking through the conventional limits of projector performance delivering the first consumer microdisplay projectors with full 1920 x 1080 HD display and the first commercially available professional projectors with 4096 x 2160 resolution High Pixel Density Microdisplay panel size has an impact not only on the cost of the panels themselves but also on the cost of the associated optical engine and projection lens For this reason Sony sought to achieve maximum pixel count in minimum space High Aperture Ratio Aperture ratio also known as fill factor describes the percentage of screen area occupied by active pixels Larger gaps between the pixels such as those used in H LCD panels reduce the aperture ratio and heighten the visibility of the individual pixels Accurate Motion Rendering Some displays can render still pictures beautifully yet introduce unwanted blur during fast motion sequences
36. tice Non metric weights and measures are approximate Sony BRAVIA CineAlta Qualia and SXRD are trademarks of Sony Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Celeron is a trademark of Intel Corporation D ILA is a trademark of the Victor Company of Japan Limited Digital Light Processing and DLP are trademarks of Texas Instruments Page 39
37. vice Contrast Ratio gt 3000 1 gt 4000 1 gt 5000 1 Inter Pixel Spacing 0 35 um Page 1 High Pixel Density All other things being equal smaller microdisplay panels are better than larger Smaller panels not only mean lower manufacturing costs for the microdisplays themselves They also mean smaller size and lower cost for the optical engine and for the projection lens that focuses the picture onto the screen For this reason the pixel density of a microdisplay is of enormous practical importance Higher pixel density is the key to delivering high performance at reasonable prices While it is possible to measure the density as pixels per square inch or square millimeter the more common measure is pixel pitch This measures the center to center distance of adjacent pixels taking into account not only the size of the pixel itself but also the gap between the pixels Sony s 4K SXRD panel has a pixel pitch of just 8 5 micrometers In comparison a human hair is roughly 70 micrometers thick It is this 8 5 micrometer pitch that enables Sony to deliver 8 8 Megapixels on a device not much bigger than a competing panel that delivers just 2 2 Megapixels PIXELS 1 55 SXRD 4K Panel A oa a i ogg d oe dl SNE ar 8M POOUTTTOSITITELETT II III E A A A Reyes ETTET eS pennies ge PEPEPEPE EFE TTTS 9 um 11um 13 ce 15 um pitch pitch pitch wo pitch 4M sige leatdate E E O vt E MA PA oth aj a llaves am t 0 61 SXRD A ee ee
38. y as you reduce the LC layer thickness So reducing the panel thickness by 50 means cutting the response time by more than 75 50 C 2 5 Response rise fall msec _ 0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 Cell thickness u m Reduce the Liquid Crystal layer thickness and you reduce the response time dramatically A typical operating temperature of 50 C equals 122 F At less than 2 micrometers the SXRD panel s liquid crystal layer is not only thinner than in a transmissive H LCD it s also thinner than in the typical LCoS device As a result the SXRD panel responds much faster than transmissive H LCD panels So the picture remains crisp and clear even during the fastest action Page 20 Inrtialized reflectivit Measured response time of the SXRD panel is less than 2 5 milliseconds Specified response is 2 5 milliseconds for the rise time tr and also 2 5 milliseconds for fall time tf This soeed means incredibly clean motion rendering High contrast low dark level Contrast an essential requirement of any display system is measured as the ratio between the brightest possible bright and the blackest possible black Sony s SXRD panels achieve superb contrast ratio thanks to three distinct innovations e Sony designed Vertically Aligned Nematic VAN liquid crystal Most H LCD projectors use Twisted Nematic TN liquid crystal which normally displays white Sony achieves higher contrast becaus
39. y s 4K SXRD panel The four input ribbons correspond to the projector s four inout slots and the four 2K quadrants of the panel SXRD microdisplay basics All liquid crystal displays use three elements to modulate the passage of light a pre polarizer a rotation medium and a post polarizer In H LCD microdisplays these three elements form a sandwich At the entrance the pre polarizer aligns the light In the middle the liquid crystal rotates the required parts of the light path At the exit the post polarizer blocks the light not required to make the picture Page 13 Filtered Light Input e Pre Polarizer H LCD Liquid Crystal Layer Post Polarizer Valved Light Output ON Light passes through a high temperature polysilicon LCD H LCD panel which features pre and post polarizing filters Light from Lamp Light to Screen Index Matching Indium Tin Oxide IMITO Glass Substrate BERRE Vertically Aligned Nematic m Jo A i Liquid Crystal Inorganic Alignment Layers Nash Silicon Backplane In the SXRD panel light from the lamp enters through the glass substrate at the top passes through the Liquid Crystal layer reflects off the mirrored surface of the Silicon backplane then passes out through the Liquid Crystal toward the screen SXRD Panel Polarized Light Polarized Beam Splitter Filtered Light Input Valved Light Output Simplified view of Sony s optical engine It performs polar
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