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Sony DVP-NS9100ES User's Manual

1. While most DVD players have a single master clock the DVP NS9100ES has two The main clock used for video and system circuitry is located on the main circuit board However a second crystal oscillator clock just for the audio D A converter DAC is located directly on the audio circuit board This separate master clock located near the audio DAC improves the reproduction of music from CD and Super Audio CD The audio master clock only functions during CD and Super Audio CD playback when the audio does not need to be synchronized with video When the HDMI cable is connected or when you play DVDs audio video sync becomes essential Under these circumstances the audio master clock is switched off and the audio DAC gets its timing from the main clock Coaxial and optical digital output circuits To deliver a high quality digital signal these ES Series DVD players employ a wide bandwidth optical module It can achieve transmission speeds over 13 Megabits per second This offers plenty of headroom for the 4 6 Megabits per second required by 96 kHz 24 bit outputs The coaxial output delivers comparable quality thanks to a high performance pulse transformer Both digital outputs assure superb dynamics while holding noise and distortion to the bare minimum ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 36 Audiophile grade components NS9100ES Two capacitors with identical circuit values can have quite different sound quality For this reason
2. 5 1 channel and even digital audio outputs Separate speaker settings Unlike previous models the DVP NS9100ES and NS3100 also provide speaker size and location settings for Super Audio CD playback that are separate from the settings you make for DVD Video and other formats Super Audio D A Converter SA DAC If you re using the DVP NS9100ES with an amplifier that does not have an i LLINK interface of if you re enjoying the NS3100ES you won t be listening to Super Audio CDs via digital output In this case the player s on board D A converters will exert a pivotal influence on sound quality Multi channel Super Audio CDs present the player with six separate channels all recorded with exactly the same superb quality as two channel Super Audio CD That s why the Sony ES Series DVD players incorporate six channels of Sony s Super Audio D A Converter SA DAC The circuit delivers superlative performance for multi channel SA CD two channel SA CD and CD reproduction ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 30 ed 24 bit 8 fs 16 bit 1 fs 8x l 1 bit 64 fs Oversampling Noise digital filter shaper Multi level SACD D A converter 1 bit 64 fs DSD filter A 1 bit 64 fs Sony s Super Audio D A Converter SA DAC does an equally superb job on Compact Disc signals top and SA CD signals bottom The converter consists of a single integrated circuit that contains four significant circuits 1 8x oversampling digita
3. Multi level D A conversion N N 64 for spec 1 The SA DAC uses multi level D A conversion illustrated here Like multi bit conversion the multi level system uses many switches operating in parallel Unlike multi bit designs the value of all switches is identical a binary 1 Multi level D A conversion Output The output of the multi level D A converter varies from 0 to 64 depending on the number of switches set to On for each sample ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 34 Multi level D A conversion Multi Bit D A conversion Multi bit conversion left versus multi level conversion right To appreciate the difference between multi bit and multi level conversion take a look at the two of them side by side as shown in the diagram above For multi bit conversion left each switch for has its own unique value For multi level conversion right all switches have the same value 1 For multi bit each desired output corresponds to one and only one combination of switches For example there s only one way to generate an output of 3 In contrast multi level conversion has many ways to generate the same output value The illustration on the right shows four different switch combinations that create an output of 2 In fact Sony multi level converters can use thousands of switch combinations to create a given output level And the converters select the combinations at random so output errors tend to cancel
4. Sony engineers have taken the time to choose top quality audiophile grade components throughout the DVP NS9100ES The op amps resistors capacitors and more have been individually selected and matched for their sound quality For example carbon resistors with non magnetic leads have been chosen for their higher handling capacity We chose film capacitors for their superior audio characteristics We even considered the power plug Sony engineers chose a grounded 3 pin plug for superior mechanical and electrical characteristics Sony s choice of a grounded AC input assures a more stable electrical and mechanical connection Gold plated output jacks To maximize electrical conductivity and minimize the effects of oxidation over time the audio composite video S Video and component video output jacks are plated with gold Noise at the contact points is held to a bare minimum Lob BASLE warld whl mi bag US Pi thee US paj world wide paipai irademarka of Dista i g AE Mightn Praerend LISTED AV FROOUCT geog EN a TA Ye F Tia a l iawii pi vehar Hby Latoratorhen Dott Ap i ag r i h t 2 sill en Asaki i ua af Dalby Lasarniovien fi 1 ee Ft oe qme i W Bmp i _ merer i i 7 AHATA A gt Taaki g ti pcan Al S A VIDEO OUT S VIDE g oy WENI VIVE UUI Seay F Comer Laboraberiat AS rights reaarrad ATTENTION aa _ COM Cet CT ae Ad ee i Q ai A A LS W FRONT REAA SICH OUTPUT Yo
5. DVP NS9100ES i LINK output to a compatible digital audio input such as that on the STR DA 100ES receiver PeePSST DF Jose peeapanogonegerae eo The i LINK output circuit incorporates this Large Scale Integrated circuit from Texas Instruments ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 5 High quality digital Audio Transmission System HATS The design of the i LINK interface is exceptional because communicating six streams of 2 8224 MHz digital samples raises extreme challenges Conveying 1 bit signals at such high data rates and synchronizing the signals with the other component s master clock would normally expose the signal to the time base errors called jitter These errors translate directly into time based distortion of the audio waveform The connection from the DVP NS9100ES to the STR DA7100ES receiver overcomes this challenge with the High quality digital Audio Transmission system HATS HATS uses command based rate control of isochronous data flow to solve the problem The system incorporates three principal elements 1 Variable speed transmission from the player 2 Buffer memory in the receiver 3 Command signals from the receiver to the player controlling transmission speed The receiver continually monitors the amount of audio data in its buffer memory When the buffer memory reaches its lower limit the receiver commands the player to increase data transmission speed When the buffer memory reaches its upper l
6. S ASGIOOES fe Be ee i DVP NS3100ES S S Bpa iie kas Pe 7 ier ay ee eo Page 42 Po BV P NS9100ES DVP NS3100ES_ separate power supply High Speed video buffer amplifiers Yes f Output Capacitor Less coupling Yess dl gt Carefully selected parts Yes fe Wide pitch component output jacks A Video shield plate Audio S S y O Super Audio CD stereo and multi channel Yes playback Dolby Digital 5 1 channel decoding DTS 5 1 channel decoding 192 kHz 24 bit 2 ch 96 kHz 24 bit 5 1 Yes ch Super Audio DAC Yes Yes Speaker Time Alignment Yes Ves AN Sync Cds eS Dolby Digital and DTS pass through Yes Yes Twin R Core power transformers Yess f Separate circuit board for analog audio Yes f Separate power supply for analog audio Yes f lt High speed digital outputs Ves Ves Gold plated outputjacks Yes Ves _ Video Off and Display Off modes sf Yes Yes Construction O Sa Yes fe New Base and Pillar NBP chassis Off center insulator feet Convenience O Z OZO oO o Multi brand remote control for televisions Yes and A V receivers Jog shuttle dial OoOO Yes S de o SmoothScan and SmoothSlow modes 1 i LINK is a trademark of Sony used only to designate that product contains an IEEE 1394 connector All products with an IEEE 1394 connector may not communicate with each other Please refer to the document
7. are generally masked by the music when it is loud But when the music is soft this problem of low level nonlinearity can impart a grit or hardness to the music that university researchers found to be audible For this reason technologists developed 1 bit D A converters that bypassed the problem completely Significant among these 1 bit designs was Sony s own High Density Linear Converter circuit which made its debut on the ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 32 landmark CDP X77ES in 1990 and has since been followed by Sony s Current Pulse 1 bit converter Like other 1 bit converters these Sony designs overcame the problem of zero cross distortion achieving superb low level linearity for excellent sound even during quiet passages and the reverberant tails at the end of musical notes 1 bit D A conversion Current pulse On off PWM PULSE WIDTH MUDULATION The principle of 1 bit D A conversion In order to reproduce Super Audio CD Pulse Width Modulation must operate at a higher frequency than the SA CD sampling frequency of 64 fs equal to 2 8224 MHz These 1 bit converters performed beautifully and dominated CD player design throughout the 1990s However in order to avoid the influence of jitter to maintain linearity in the time axis 1 bit converters need to be driven by a highly precise clock And Super Audio CD makes this demand for precise timing even more stringent Super Audio CD uses an extremely high samp
8. before switching between film and video modes e Interlaced video Shooting on interlaced video means capturing a new field of 240 interlaced scanning lines every 1 60 second When subjects are moving there can be significant differences from each field to the next It s a far cry from film 24 frame progressive origination where the subjects move each 1 24 second Combining two video originated fields of 240 interlaced scanning lines into one frame of 480 progressive scanning lines is no simple task For this reason Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion applies special processing for video originated material In addition these Sony ES Series DVD players enable you to adjust the threshold of film and video detection So you can optimize the I P conversion for the specific DVD you re watching You get I P conversion that s not only amazingly smooth but also exquisitely tuned to the individual needs of each DVD When you re done watching the players can store the setting in memory for up to 400 discs So each time you play that title you ll automatically get just the right conversion PROGRESSIVE1 FILM l VIDEO ELLE gt ENTER Quit RETURN An on screen display enables you to adjust the threshold of film and video detection for each individual disc Sony players can even store your setting for use the next time you play that title ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 13 Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion and
9. five speakers You can even change the perceived distance of the subwoofer in relation to the other speakers With Speaker Time Alignment you ll experience multi channel sound as it was meant to be heard You ll get the effect of correct speaker placement even if your actual placement is far less than correct ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 29 Incidentally this adjustment is not duplicated on most A V receivers some receivers can adjust for speaker distance on the multi channel signals that are decoded in the receiver itself But most receivers offer no such adjustment for the 5 1 channel analog inputs you may be using to enjoy multi channel Super Audio CD AN Sync Today s advanced televisions and video projectors often incorporate sophisticated video signal processing to optimize the image quality Often these circuits require buffer memories that result in a slight delay of the video signal Unfortunately this can result in a mismatch where the television picture lags behind the sound from the speakers by some fraction of a second As you can imagine the effect can be unnatural and annoying That s why Sony offers another Digital Signal Processing function AV sync This enables you to correct time misalignments between the audio and video signals by up to 120 milliseconds in 10 millisecond increments Sony brings your television and your home theater speakers back into alignment A V sync achieves identical results on stereo
10. milder in slope and far more effective at optimizing both the picture detail and the picture clarity 27 MHz Sampling These diagrams show interlaced video and the need for oversampling At 27 MHz sampling top the design of the filter red curve must be extremely steep to avoid cutting into the video detail blue or passing some of the noise pink At 54 MHz second from top the filter is somewhat better And at 108 MHz third from top the filter becomes better still Oversampling at 216 MHz bottom leads to a far more effective analog low pass filter This enables the Sony ES Series DVD players to deliver all the picture detail without degrading the clarity of the image with noise Oversampling which is useful for interlaced video becomes indispensable for progressive scanning video Because progressive scanning outputs twice as many horizontal lines per second progressive playback effectively doubles channel bandwidth to 13 5 MHz and doubles sampling frequency to 27 MHz Players need a minimum of 27 MHz sampling in order to output a progressive signal ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 20 a See e Bandwidth Sampling Frequency Playback DVD Video Progressive 13 5 MHz effective 27 MHz effective Playback Progressive scanning effectively doubles both the video bandwidth and the sampling frequency While only the luminance Y channel is shown here this doubling also occurs for th
11. out And errors never get the opportunity to cause the regular predictable nonlinearities of multi bit designs In this way multi level conversion achieves high precision in the amplitude direction and high accuracy in the time domain for astonishing specifications and exceptional uniformity on all six channels But the benefit is far more than just technical You ll hear reproduction with of superb clarity transparency and musicality Separate analog audio circuit board The digital audio digital video analog video and servo control circuits inside a DVD player are potential sources of radiated noise Low level signals in the analog audio circuits are particularly susceptible to this noise That s why Sony isolates the analog audio circuits on their own board It s one more measure to help maintain the purity of both DVD Video sound tracks and Super Audio CD music In addition Sony uses six separate identical audio circuits to handle the 5 1 channels This ensures uniform frequency response and gain characteristics ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 35 at the output Sony s careful design not only maintains the sonic purity of multi channel Super Audio CD signals but also preserves the crucial left right and front rear symmetry of 5 1 DVD Video surround signals A separate printed circuit board for analog audio employs six separate identical circuits to handle the 5 1 channels of output Separate Audio Clock NS9100ES
12. than common practice the better to accommodate heavy gauge cables and plugs COMPONENT VIDEO OUT The spacing or pitch between the component video output jacks is wider than usual to accommodate heavy gauge cables and plugs ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 27 Audio Performance In addition to DVD Video and Compact Discs these ES Series DVD players also reproduce sumptuous high resolution audio both stereo and multi channel Super Audio CD music You ll hear the inner detail of choral ensembles The reverberation trailing from a guitar chord And the acoustic space surrounding the instruments With Super Audio CD you hear every nuance of sound reproduced with incredible ease and clarity Multi channel Super Audio CD playback The ES Series DVD players take full advantage of the latest generation of multi channel Super Audio CD music Multi channel Super Audio CD gives producers the ability to capture the precise ambience and reverberation that give any concert hall jazz club or recording studio its characteristic sound Multi channel Super Audio CD doesn t just bring the performer to your room it sounds as if you have entered the performer s space The result can be overwhelming By combining this fully dimensional soundstage with the uncanny clarity of DSD technology these players offer music reproduction that s nothing short of brilliant DSD decoder LSI The Super Audio CD s 1 bit signal is processed and deco
13. the purity of the analog signal to achieve consistently clean video images ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 24 To maintain the purity of the signal Sony places the analog video circuitry on a separate board driven by its own power supply Because digital noise can corrupt the DC voltage the power supply is another potential path of interference That s why early on Sony recognized the advantage of giving the analog circuit block its own series power supply This ensures power that s both abundant and clean Video Shield Plate NS9100ES DVD players process analog audio analog video and digital signals in close proximity opening up the possibility of signal radiation and interference even between circuit boards To prevent even slight traces of interference the DVP NS9100ES incorporates a shield underneath the analog video circuit board This protects the analog video from radiated interference from the digital video board It also limits the interference between analog video and the digital audio board which is located close by To minimize signal interference the DVP NS9100ES has a shield plate fitted to the underside of the analog video circuit board ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 25 High speed video buffer amplifiers NS9100ES If your television accepts an HDMI cable you can enjoy a fabulous all digital video connection If not you ll be happy to note that Sony engineers are passionate about ac
14. Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 8 The options for audio are equally rich The HDMI output of Sony ES Series players can support a full range of digital audio including 2 channel stereo PCM Dolby Digital and DTS 5 1 channel compressed audio and even uncompressed multi channel PCM audio The DVP NS9100ES incorporates the awesome capabilities of the Silicon Images Sil9030 Large Scale Integrated Circuit LSI Thanks to the Sil9030 the NS9100ES can output uncompressed digital images up to 1080i and uncompressed digital audio up to 192 kHz 2 channel or 96 kHz 8 channel With so many choices for video and audio output you may wonder whether users will be knowledgeable enough to get the best performance from their systems Is RGB preferable to Y Cb Cr Is 720p better suited to their television or 10801 While users will have their choice from a menu of options HDMI technology offers a simpler way Component to component communication A system called product unique key exchange enables connected equipment to automatically confirm the type of component connected through the HDMI cable In addition a destination component such as Sony s STR DA 100ES A V receiver can automatically request the appropriate audio and video by listing its input capabilities In this case the ES Series DVD player can automatically choose the highest performance audio and video formats that the DVD player and the destination component both have in commo
15. SONY ES DVD Players Technical Background Version 4 0 August 8 2005 Introduction sony ES engineers are superbly educated exceptionally well equipped and have ready access to world leading in house technologies But these alone do not explain the soul of Sony s ES Series You see the creators of these components are motivated by their passion for music and movies That s what drives them late into the night seeking to control visual artifacts that most viewers will never notice That s what takes them into the listening room seeking to identify subtle sonic differences among various converters capacitors and equipment interfaces The result is an Elevated Standard in DVD Super Audio CD CD players Presenting the DVP NS9100ES and DVP NS3100ES sony co developed the Compact Disc Super Audio CD and DVD Our knowledge of these formats is encyclopedic And Sony s expertise is clearly evident in these latest players They represent superb craftsmanship and state of the art electronic design But there s more The two models provide stunning upscaled High Definition images using the HDMI interface And the NS9100ES is Sony s first DVD player to incorporate an i LINK IEEE 1394 digital output for Super Audio CD signals i LINK and HDMI Digital Interfaces 0 0 Page 3 Video Performance ccceccseeeseeeceeeceeeeeeeeaeeeseess Page 11 Audio Performance ascsivarcevitettccid eae ani Page 28 Const
16. Sony s New Base and Pillar NBP chassis In Sony s previous Base and Pillar BP chassis pillars stand on a metal panel base to which side and top panels are installed This design bolsters the strength of the bottom panel the base achieving high rigidity in a simple structure The BP chassis also has the advantage of creating a large space in which the major subassemblies can be laid out with ease The New Base and Pillar NBP chassis of the DVP NS9100ES is a significant refinement of this classic Sony design New L shaped side walls further increase the rigidity of the chassis reduce resonance and free up internal area Front view left and side view right of Sony s Base and Pillar BP chassis It s supremely strong to Suppress resonance Off center insulator feet NS9100ES To prevent shelf borne vibration from entering the chassis Sony s insulator feet locate the screw hole off center Varying the radius from screw to perimeter tends to vary the resonant frequency within the foot In this way vibrations coming from the bottom of the insulator act to cancel each other when they reach the screw mount ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 40 Silver Cascade Design In addition to its remarkable technology the DVP NS9100ES continues the cascade faceplate design exclusive to the Sony ES Series The design sets all the primary controls at an angle so that you can identify each control and use the player without uncomf
17. able calibration disc the Graphical Gamma Adjustment can achieve ideal reproduction The system enables you to make adjustments to gamma much like a graphic equalizer adjusts audio frequency response As with an audio equalizer aggressive adjustment can yield unnatural results The controls are best used to make gamma curves that are smooth and subtle Sony s control offers eight points of correction each with 8 bit precision And you can always return the gamma controls to the industry standard flat state at the touch of a button ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 23 Graphical Gamma adjustment is like an eight band graphic equalizer for grayscale and black level Video Equalizer Sony s Video Equalizer enables you to fine tune the picture quality of each disc you watch You can adjust Picture Brightness Color Hue and Chroma Delay in addition to Graphical Gamma Adjustment And once you ve optimized the picture for a particular disc these ES Series DVD players can commit your settings to memory for up to 400 discs Separate analog video circuit board with separate power supply The digital and control circuits of any DVD player generate high frequency radiation that can affect other circuits in the chassis This noise can potentially impair low level analog signals To prevent any cross interference Sony carefully separates the digital circuits from the analog circuits mounting them on separate circuit boards This maintains
18. ation that comes with the device having an i LINK connector for information on compatibility operating conditions and proper connection Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes es ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 43 Specifications po BP NS9100ES DVP NS3100ES_ Audio Performance S o Frequency Response 3dB 3dB Audio Dynamic Range fF o Harmonic Distortion OSS o S o 0 0015 Wow and Flutter Beneath the Beneath the limit of limit of measurement measurement 0 001 W 0 001 W Peak Peak HDMI output LINK interface Component Video Output 1 Interlace or 1 Interlace or Progressive Progressive Gold Plated Gold Plated Wide Pitch Wide Pitch ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 44 P DV P NS9100ES DVP NS3100ES Infrared Input Control S Interface E nr RS 232C Control Interface RS 2826 Control interface A Power Genera mE 120 V 60 EE 120 V 60 Hz Hz Power Consumption Dimensions WxHxD 17 x 5x 15 3 8 17 x 4 1 2 x 14 430 x 125 x 3 4 430 x 115 390 mm x 375 mm 9 5 kg 5 5 kg Supplied Accessories RM ASP003 RM ASP002 Remote Remote Commander Commander unit AA unit AA Batteries x2 AV Batteries x2 Cable AV Cable Instruction Instruction Manual Manual SONY sony Electronics Inc 16530 Via Esprillo san Diego CA 92127 www sonystyle com 2005 Sony Electronics Inc All rights reserved Reproduction in whole or in part without written perm
19. ble approach still backgrounds are impressively sharp and detailed while moving objects in the same scene are free from motion artifacts You ll see more consistent more satisfying more seamless 480P output with a wider variety of discs The visibility of scanning lines is all but eliminated Connect a 480P compatible television monitor or projector and prepare to be amazed Just as you can adjust the threshold of film video detection you can optimize the still motion detection for the specific requirements of the DVD you re watching As before the players can memorize your Still Motion threshold for up to 400 discs So each time you play a title you ll automatically get just the right conversion PROGRESSIVE2 STILL MOVE HWS gt ern Quit RETURN You can adjust the Still Motion detection threshold with this on screen display As before your setting for each disc can be stored in memory Vertical Edge Compensation As we ve seen Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion of video sources suppresses the zipper like effect that can occur when moving areas of two interlaced fields are combined in the same progressive frame It s a major step forward in picture quality But there a second less obvious artifact that can ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 16 occur in part of the video image part of the time Most people would not notice the artifact without being told when and where to watch for it But Sony s prog
20. ded by Sony s DSD decoder LSI This integrated circuit makes intelligent decisions regarding processing of the incoming data to form the 1 bit audio signal The LSI first reads the Watermark a feature protecting Super Audio CDs from illegal copying and then decodes the incoming data The LSI uses internal memory to take data that s output intermittently from the disc rearrange it and order it into continuous 1 bit audio streams This LSI also reads sub code data such as the Table of Contents track number track time and text data Audio Technology for Analog Outputs While the provision of an i LINK digital interface for Super Audio CD signals is a technological tour de force compatible equipment is just beginning to become available Clearly many owners of the DVP NS9100ES will be enjoying Super Audio CD through analog outputs For this reason Sony has developed sophisticated technology to provide an analog output of superlative linearity with extraordinary freedom from noise interference and jitter induced distortion The result is unsurpassed music reproduction no matter which outputs you use ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 28 Speaker Time Alignment For optimum playback the mastering engineers who create CDs need to anticipate the speaker configuration over which the music will be reproduced In stereo that configuration is simple two identical speakers ideally set an equal distance from the listener In a multi channe
21. e DVP NS9100ES is Sony s first DVD Super Audio CD CD player to incorporate the i LINK digital audio output While both the NS9100ES and the NS3100ES incorporate a High Definition HDMI digital output that unifies both video and multi channel audio These are the most advanced digital interfaces Sony has ever built into a home A V source component LLINK Digital Audio Output NS9100ES From the initial launch of Super Audio CD the 1 bit DSD pulse train was always converted to analog prior to output This means that previous DVD players with Super Audio CD capability could only output the SA CD sound in analog not digital even if the player included coaxial and optical digital outputs 1 i LINK is a trademark of Sony used only to designate that product contains an IEEE 1394 connector All products with an IEEE 1394 connector may not communicate with each other Please refer to the documentation that comes with the device having an i LINK connector for information on compatibility operating conditions and proper connection ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 3 SA CD Player Amplifier Speakers Analog LPF Volume Power A D convert D A convert DSP Amp gt gt Digital Signal Analog Signal Typical SA CD reproduction involves numerous D A and A D conversions The i LINK digital connection can simplify the signal path However these analog connections can expose the Super Audio CD signal to repea
22. e two color difference channels Pg and Pp 27 MHz Sampling J Analog Filter Vide Noise Noise Noise Noise Sign i i I I I I I i 108 216 Vide Noise Signal i L I L L I i 27 54 108 216 At 27 MHz sampling top the design of the filter red curve is extremely challenging for progressive scanning The filter either cuts into the video detail blue or passes some of the noise pink Oversampling at the 216 MHz frequency of the Sony ES Series DVD players makes a huge difference Oversampling has been used successfully in CD players for decades And while the video equivalent is harder to achieve the effect is the same The D A converter of the DVP NS9100ES and NS3100ES shift the sampling frequency from the standard 13 5 MHz to 216 MHz For progressive scan playback that s 8x oversampling For interlaced playback it s a whopping 16x oversampling This oversampling is the most powerful that Sony has ever built into a DVD player You get superb clarity with the effective suppression of video noise while enjoying the full video bandwidth for breathtaking picture detail ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 21 Noise Shaped Video circuitry While 216 MHz sampling deals with noise outside the video frequency range another circuit reduces noise within the frequency range That s important because the perceived transparency and depth of the video image depends on controlling noise Sony s D A converter us
23. erter To understand how 216 MHz oversampling can have such a powerful effect on picture quality it helps to understand the concepts of digital sampling and aliasing noise Digital recording systems work by sampling the original source at a specific rate or frequency The frequency of sampling is determined by the Nyquist Theorem which dates back to 1928 Harry Nyquist calculated that the sampling frequency needed to be at least twice the highest frequency in the signal you need to record For Compact Disc which records audio frequencies up to 20 000 cycles per second 20 KHz the sampling frequency is 44 100 times per second 44 1 kHz Because the video signal is much more complex the frequencies are far higher To capture the exceptional fine picture detail of DVD the black and white or luminance channel records frequencies out to 6 750 000 Hz 6 75 MHz This means that DVD samples the video luminance channel at 13 500 000 Hz 13 5 MHz as part of the DVD Video format specification nc Channel Bandwidth Sampling Frequency CD Audio 20 000 Hz 44 100 Hz DVD Video 6 50 000 Hz 13 500 000 Hz Digital recording systems sample the analog input signal at a specific rate or frequency at least twice the highest frequency of the channel For DVD Video the sampling frequency is 13 500 000 times per second 13 5 MHz Nyquist sampling only works properly if the analog output is carefully filtered of the aliasing noise that the dig
24. es Noise Shaped Video circuitry to shift noise from inside the visible frequency range to outside Even though the overall noise level remains the same the perceived noise is dramatically reduced What s more once shifted the out of band noise is further suppressed by the analog filter The result is reproduction without flecks or specks of unwanted color You ll see a video picture that s vibrant deep transparent and clean Video Noise Floor without NSV frequency Video Notse Floor without NSV Video Noise Floor with NS after Analog Filter The use of Noise Shaped Video sigma delta modu lation shifts video notse to higher frequency regions OdB attenuation Analog filtterne after D A conversion cuts unwanted notse within the operation frequency spectrum to further improve the SNR over conventional designs OdB attenuation frequency Noise Shaped Video and the higher 216 MHz sampling frequency work together to cut video noise for improved transparency and clarity Super Sub Alias Filter circuitry for both luminance and color difference channels The benefit of the 216 MHz sampling rate is delivered by the Super Sub Alias Filter circuits In comparison to most previous designs these filters are now far more effective for two powerful reasons First the 216 MHz sampling rate is higher Second while some previous designs deployed Super Sub Alias Filter circuitry on the black a
25. ge the television picture with unwanted shading And these effects can t be corrected by your television s picture controls Sony s answer is a rigorous design that controls DC offset voltages from the start You get reliable operation without performance robbing output capacitors ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 26 Carefully selected parts NS9100ES More than a labor of technology the DVP NS9100ES represents the enthusiasm that Sony engineers share with high end videophiles That s why the player incorporates a variety of carefully selected resistors inductors semiconductors and capacitors Each plays a specific role in maximizing video performance Low Distortion Film Capacitors While electrolytic capacitors are suited to power supply filtering film Capacitors are especially proficient for sound and picture Many of these low distortion capacitors contribute to the outstanding performance of the DVP NS9100ES Oversized output resistors Output resistors determine the impedance of the analog output circuits Most designers avoid large resistors But Sony incorporates large resistors of uncommonly tight tolerances This contributes to the high slew rates required for wideband video Wide pitch component output jacks sony engineers even anticipated the high grade output cables that videophiles are likely to plug into the ES Series DVD players For this reason Sony deliberately spaced the Y Ps Pr output jacks further apart
26. he technologies behind Sony s Precision Cinema Progressive circuitry But while the technology is complex the benefit only takes a moment to appreciate Start with a high quality DVD that you know well Using HDMI or Y Pb Pr component video connect the Sony DVD player to a great High Definition or HD capable television monitor or projector Then watch The original frames retain their integrity even if they were originally shot on film or 24P progressive digital You ll see full performance for every part of the picture whether still or moving The vertical edges on objects in your picture retain all their clarity even when the objects are in motion The horizontal edges are clean and clear without the obvious stair steps or jaggedness You ll ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 17 approach the full glory of High Definition picture quality from today s standard DVDs 14 bit D A Conversion NS9100ES The binary word length used in video digital to analog D A conversion helps determine the gray scale performance of the picture This can be seen for example in the play of light across the face of an actress as the light of a candle falls off into shadow Longer word lengths contribute to smoother more realistic transitions from dark to light Starting with the DVP S7000 Sony led the way with 10 bit video digital to analog conversion The DVP NSQ9OOV raised the performance to 12 bit conversion producing four times the graysca
27. hieving exceptional performance from analog video connections For example the long analog cable runs found in many home theater installations can be highly capacitive This tends to degrade the video signal softening the picture and limiting the video bandwidth To counter this possibility the DVP NS9100ES incorporates high speed video buffer amplifiers High slew rate op amps handle large loads with very low overshoot You geta powerful driving force for the video signals even over long cable runs As a result the video signal delivered to the television has extremely low levels of noise differential gain and differential phase Analog Video Board Component Low pass filter MAIN Board RCA OUT 525i p AV Decoder IP Converter VIDEO Encoder STE5588CVB CXD9866R ADV7324 Low pass filter For Interlace CVBS S Video 16M SDRAM Op Amp AD8058 X 6 Power Supply D 5V For Analog Video Circuit 5V Block diagram of the DVP NS9100ES video circuit You can see the separate digital circuit board left and analog circuit board right At center you can see the nine channels of low pass filtering On the right are the video buffer op amps Output Capacitor Less OCL coupling In typical audio and video design an output capacitor prevents the accidental passing of DC offset voltage from one component to the next However the mere presence of the output capacitor can affect the video frequency response and literally tin
28. imit the receiver commands the player to decrease transmission speed And when the buffer memory is between the upper and lower limits the receiver commands the player to transmit at normal speed DVP NS9100ES STR DA7100ES va aN Audio data uay i Rate control command i LINK cable With Sony HATS audio data flows from the player to the receiver s buffer memory according to rate control commands from the receiver Reproduction in the receiver achieves the full time base accuracy of the receiver s quartz crystal master clock In this way HATS makes it unnecessary to synchronize a jitter prone signal with the receiver master clock Instead the buffer memory outputs a jitter ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 6 free signal at the full quartz crystal accuracy of the receiver s master clock You get all the benefits of digital transmission without exposing the signal to the potential for jitter induced distortion Dual 1 LINK interfaces The DVP NS9100ES actually has two i LINK interfaces in daisy chain configuration You can connect a second i LINK source component to the DVP NS9100ES while the NS9100ES itself connects to a single i LINK interface port on the STR DA 100ES A V receiver In this configuration all three i LINK components must be switched on for the second source component to transfer signals to the STR DA 100ES Performance is only guaranteed when the second source co
29. interlaced video origination Many of today s DVDs feature concert videos documentaries current events sports nature footage and other subjects originally captured on interlaced video For this reason any high end progressive scanning system must solve the problem of motion artifacts for footage shot on video Video based I P conversion creates new pixels from existing information For example to enable progressive scan output for a field of odd scanning lines the player must create the pixels that compose all the even scanning lines Unfortunately this can result in motion blur Horizontal lines in the scene can flicker on and off Other areas can suffer from an unnatural shimmer Scanning lines Sed N3 3 z Sed ado L SEd NS3AA Time sequence I P conversion of video originated material The red pixel on an even scanning line needs to be created for the current field of odd scanning lines If not done properly this can result in zipper like edges on moving objects line flicker and unnatural shimmering Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion overcomes these problems with built in motion detection and two distinct video conversion algorithms one for still objects another for moving objects As with film origination the algorithms are applied separately for each individual pixel So both can be applied to different parts of any given scene ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 14 Still Moving Proces
30. ission is prohibited Features and specifications are subject to change without notice Sony Direct Stream Digital DSD High Density Linear Converter Handycam Hi Scan 1080 i LINK Precision Cinema Progressive Remote Commander and SmoothScan are trademarks of Sony Dolby Digital is a registered trademark of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corp DTS is a registered trademark of Digital Theater Systems L P Noise Shaped Video NSV is a trademark of Analog Devices Inc Macrovision is a trademark of Macrovision Corporation HDMI the HDMI logo and High Definition Multimedia Interface are trademarks or registered trademarks of HDMI Licensing LLC 1 i LINK is a trademark of Sony used only to designate that product contains an IEEE 1394 connector All products with an IEEE 1394 connector may not communicate with each other Please refer to the documentation that comes with the device having an i LINK connector for information on compatibility operating conditions and proper connection 2 Multi brand remote may not be compatible with some brands or models ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 45
31. ital process incurs Fortunately the aliasing noise is consistently higher in frequency than the highest video frequencies we want to recover The noise appears in clusters at each multiple of the sampling frequency plus and minus the video bandwidth Unfortunately the noise is very close to the video frequencies The player must use a very steep analog filter which must be carefully constructed to pass all the video frequencies and block all the aliasing noise Normally even slight errors in the analog filter could cut the highest video frequencies degrading picture detail or allow some aliasing noise to pass through degrading picture clarity The solution to this problem is to run the A D converter at a higher frequency than the samples on the disc This oversampling design fills in the blanks between the DVD samples with additional calculated samples For example 2X oversampling calculates and inserts one additional sample between each original sample from the disc 4X oversampling inserts three additional ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 19 samples 8X oversampling inserts seven additional samples And 16X oversampling inserts fifteen additional samples The benefit is this in the process of generating additional samples oversampling shifts the aliasing noise up in frequency opening up substantial room between the video signal and the noise With more room we can relax the design of the analog filter which can be far
32. l filter for CD Ensures accurate phase linearity and low noise Noise shaper for CD to further suppress audible noise The noise shaper also puts out a 1 bit signal at 64 times the CD sampling frequency 1 bit 64 fs Sixty four times 44 1 kHz equals 2 8224 MHz the same sampling frequency as Super Audio CD In this way the SA DAC presents both CD and SA CD signals to the final converter stage in the identical 1 bit 64 fs form DSD filter for SA CD a digital filter that removes unwanted super high frequency noise by computing raw 1 bit digital data By reducing noise in the digital domain the DSD filter reduces the burden on analog filters and contributes to the uniformity among channels Multi level DAC for both SA CD and CD is a breakthrough design that combines the best attributes of 1 bit converters and multi bit converters for sound that is exceptionally transparent against a background that is phenomenally free from noise Sony s multi level digital to analog conversion is a significant step forward in audio technology To appreciate the advance it s important to understand three types of digital to analog converters multi bit 1 bit and multi level ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 31 Multi level D A conversion 2 4 oo n e ANIZ 32 768 ge Multi bit D A conversion in a typical early CD player employed 16 switches corresponding to the 16 bits of the CD sample Each switch produced a different leve
33. l of current according to the significance of the bit In the 1980s the overwhelming majority of CD players used multi bit Digital to Analog converters DACs Also called ladder type or resistor ladder converters these designs typically used one resistor switch for each digital bit in the sample The value of the resistor controlled the amount of current that flowed when the switch was On Each switch produced current proportionate to the value of the corresponding bit For example the current for the Least Significant Bit LSB was 1 the next bit was 2 the next 4 the next 16 and so on up to the 16th or Most Significant Bit MSB which had a value of 32 768 While these converters could offer superb dynamic range they were susceptible to a distortion called nonlinearity For any given output level the combination of switches set On and Off would always be the same In this way if a switch s current source had an error that error would always be reflected in the output level and the linearity would always be spoiled in exactly the same way This problem of errors and nonlinearity was especially important in the MSB because the MSB is so big in comparison to the other bits for example 32 68 times the current of the LSB So even slight errors in the MSB could overwhelm the value of the smaller bits distorting the musical signal at the zero cross where the binary digits flip from 1111111111111111 to 0000000000000000 These errors
34. l sound the ideal is slightly more complex Multi channel Super Audio CD is designed to conform to an international standard called ITU R This envisions that the listener sits in the exact center of a circle of five identical speakers with each speaker occupying a specified position in the circle For the Low Frequency Effects or LFE channel the subwoofer can be flexibly placed outside the circle The ITU R circle makes a great reference for studio engineers But few home environments can accommodate exactly this setup Even if you did have five identical speakers all the way around the rectangular shape of most rooms would make it difficult to place all five soeakers at equal distance from the listening position Center Left Reference Left surround Right surround Mastering for Super Audio CD multi channel sound assumes that speakers will be placed according to the international ITU R standard To resolve the problem Sony provides a special Digital Signal Processor DSP that adjusts the arrival time of each channel with delay in 900 microsecond increments Because most people can t make the mental leap from microseconds to speaker distance Sony calibrates the delay as distance in 30 cm 1 foot increments Each 900 microseconds of delay moves a speaker back 30 cm 1 foot In this way Speaker Time Alignment adjusts the virtual position of each speaker enabling you to synchronize the arrival time of sound for all
35. le levels The DVP NS999ES incorporated the Analog Devices ADV7 304A a 14 bit video D A converter Now the DVP NS9100ES incorporates the Analog Devices ADV 7 324 a refined 14 bit converter This produces four times the grayscale levels of common 12 bit designs and a total of 16 times as many as earlier 10 bit designs eae 4 Ran E TPT VAE EO S OFT Og LS sao Le A Z pss The 14 bit video D A converter also includes the video encoder and processing for Macrovision Copy Protection Sony applies the 14 bit process both to DVD s luminance Y black and white channel and to DVD s two color difference channels Pg and Pr So you get more accurate rendition of colors from the deepest black to the brightest highlights 216 MHz D A converter oversampling In DVD Video playback the ultimate in picture detail comes into direct conflict with the ultimate in picture clarity Detail is a function of the video bandwidth or frequency response The highest resolution details occupy the highest video frequencies Clarity is a function of video noise In the worst case noise appears as snow or flecks and specks of unwanted color In more ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 18 subtle examples noise appears as a texture or graininess not present in the original picture These Sony ES Series DVD players achieve a remarkable combination of superb fine picture detail and excellent clarity thanks to 216 MHz oversampling in the D A conv
36. ling rate of 2 822 400 samples per second 2 8224 MHz Many 1 bit converters employ Pulse Width Modulation in which the converter modulates the output by creating longer or shorter pulses Unfortunately this requires a D A converter clock frequency substantially higher than 2 8224 MHz Because it s extremely difficult to maintain clock precision at such high frequencies the signal is exposed to time axis errors jitter which pass directly into the analog audio waveform causing subtle distortion Such distortion was not acceptable for the design program of the ES series DVD players That s why Sony ES engineers endowed the SA DAC with Sony s multi level D A conversion Unlike the multi bit conversion used at the dawn of the digital age multi level conversion exhibits superb low level linearity And unlike the 1 bit conversion multi level conversion is remarkably free from jitter and jitter induced distortion You get the best of both worlds The multi level D A system has multiple switches controlling multiple current sources in effect a number of 1 bit digital to analog converters operating in parallel The analog output is created by summing all the current sources Unlike 1 bit DACs output is expressed not by the pulse width but the number of the current sources This reduces the clock frequency reducing the influence of clock jitter and reducing the radiation of noise into nearby circuits ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 33
37. mponent is a Sony SCD XA9O0O0ES or another DVP NS9100ES and the A V receiver is an STR DA7100ES SCD XA9000ES or f LINK PLAYER 1 Tee ere DVP NS9100ES DVP NS9100ES anh OUT a AUDIO OUT Tun l AUDIO OUT AUDIO OUT Thanks to the daisy chain architecture of the i LINK interface it is possible to connect components in different configurations However performance for the daisy chain on the right is only guaranteed when connecting the Sony equipment shown 1 i LINK is a trademark of Sony used only to designate that product contains an IEEE 1394 connector All products with an IEEE 1394 connector may not communicate with each other Please refer to the documentation that comes with the device having an i LINK connector for information on compatibility operating conditions and proper connection HD upscaling and the High Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI technology Today s home theater enthusiasts are increasingly likely to have HD Ready or HD Built in televisions And they re just as likely to be starving for High Definition content The DVP NS9100ES and NS3100ES go a step toward fulfilling that need with High Definition upscaling of the Standard Definition DVD signal ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 7 eS 2 ee v a An HDMI plug and its corresponding jack To begin with many DVDs originate on film or progressive scanning video These discs are encoded in 480p progressive scanning to deli
38. n Consider what happens when you connect a DVP NS9100ES or NS3100ES to an HDMI equipped television On first connection the two components exchange basic information they introduce themselves ha Television with HDMI DVP NS9100ES _ orNS3100ES C o Ci 3 Be a Hi I m a DVD player Hi Pma CUCD Next the components communicate their input output capabilities DVP NS9100ES or NS3100ES with HDMI input I can accept 720p video and 2 channel audio at 48 kHz and 16 bits ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 9 loo Ge What is your input capability m Television Finally the components agree on the highest available quality options for digital audio and video and then automatically transfer content at that quality DVP NS9100ES or NS3100ES _ Television TANN a with HDMI co a amp sail input OK can output those signals m We ve considered just a DVD player and a television But the dynamic changes when you insert the Sony STR DA 100ES A V receiver into the reproduction chain In this case the source component DVD player can only talk to the next component in the chain the receiver The receiver then communicates with the television and mediates the content exchange for the entire system Television DVP NS9100ES Receiver with with HDMI or NS3100ES HDMI input amp input Receiver what is your input capability Please note that some re
39. nd white luminance channel only the DVP NS9100ES uses these filters on all three video channels luminance Y blue ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 22 color difference Pg and red color difference Pr This results in a consistently clean clear vibrantly detailed color picture Passing bande like humpe are produced Usual filter Fd i Super Sub Alias Filter The typical filter leaves traces of the clusters of aliasing noise which look like lumps in the top diagram Super Sub Sampling Alias Filter circuits on the Y Pg and Pr channels control this aliasing noise more effectively Below Black reproduction with Graphical Gamma Adjustment The DVD format dictates specific quantization for specific brightness levels For example full black corresponds to a quantization of 16 while full white corresponds to 235 However direct view CRTs plasma panels CRT projectors and LCD projectors each have specific needs For example LCD projectors are subject to black float and can benefit from a calibration below black CRT direct view televisions tend to lose dark detail when viewed in brightly lit rooms Historically gamma adjustment has matched the grayscale of a video camera to the general transfer characteristics of CRTs Sony s Graphical Gamma Adjustment matches the grayscale performance of the DVP NS9100ES and NS3100ES to the specific transfer characteristics of your display Used with a commercially avail
40. nterlaced video That means movies even if they were originally shot on film are recorded as 30 frames per second interlaced not 24 frames per second progressive There are none of the usual First Field Repeat Flags FFRFs leaving many DVD players unable to guess at the original frame structure In this case conventional 3 2 reverse conversion will not work but Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion will Thanks to built in motion detection the Sony system does not depend on FFRFs So you get accurate reproduction on DVD R RW and DVD R RW discs Film material intercut with video material Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion applies appropriate processing for film elements and interlaced video elements even when they alternate in rapid fire sequence as they might during the making of documentary on a movie DVD The Sony system instantly recognizes the characteristics and film and video and automatically applies the correct processing for each ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 12 e Film and video material shown simultaneously The Sony system performs beautifully even when film and video appear on screen at the same time for example when video originated subtitles are superimposed over a film originated scene Because the Sony system analyzes each individual pixel it can switch processing modes anywhere even in the middle of a scanning line In contrast conventional systems need to wait until the end of the field
41. nverters Power transformer cores and windings can vibrate and degrade the sound radiating 60 Hz hum into nearby audio circuits That s why Sony chose an R Core design The R stands for round Not only is the core round it has a cylindrical cross section enabling the transformer windings to be wrapped without the voids or gaps that permit vibration This results in far less radiation far less hum These two transformers are mounted on a non magnetic copper plate which is quite effective in reducing vibration flux leakage and the consequent noise and distortion The audio power supply circuit also incorporates discrete components including electrolytic capacitors carefully selected for their sound quality 0 278 236 K4I35SK KITAMURA KIDEN KITAMURA KIDIN ci oe c E The two power transformers have round cores with cylindrical cross sections This enables far more consistent transformer windings for far less radiated hum ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 39 New Base and Pillar NBP chassis NS9100ES Where some see the chassis as an empty box ready to be filled with circuitry Sony ES engineers see a vital contributor to sound quality Our engineers understand that the chassis can become a pathway for vibration that can subtly modulate wiring paths resistance and capacitance values All of this adds up to unwanted distortion That s why the DVP NS9100ES is built upon the formidable foundations of
42. ortable bending The silver colored faceplate is made of brushed aluminum and fits in beautifully with conventional audio components But the design really comes into its own when the DVP NS9100ES is combined with other silver cascade components such as the STR DA 100ES or STR DA3100ES s t O p DIGITAL OFive ASS coe A Hirie Focu Ei 4 OO The STR DA7100ES shows how the Silver Cascade design extends to receivers The design is also featured on the STR DA3100ES ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 41 Features HDMI Output i LLINK interface HATS i LINK interface control DVD Video playback CD Audio playback Video CD playback DVD R RW Video Format playback DVD RW VR Format playback DVD RW VR CPRM playback DVD RW playback CD R RW playback CD MP3 playback CD JPEG playback Stereo Super Audio CD playback Multi channel Super Audio CD playback Disc text display for DVD Video Disc text display for CD Disc text display for Super Audio CD Precision Cinema Progressive output Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion Vertical Edge Compensation 14 bit 216 MHz video D A converter 12 bit 216 MHz video D A converter Noise Shaped Video circuitry Super Sub Alias Filter Video equalizer with Graphical Gamma Adjustment ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 DVP NS9100E Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
43. ot on interlaced video and vice versa ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 11 The mathematical algorithms of Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion have been committed to silicon in this Large Scale Integrated circuit LSI the Sony CXD9866R sony solves the problem with Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion that includes built in motion detection The system automatically recognizes each type of material and applies the appropriate processing This enables us to generate the ideal progressive scanning output for each type of DVD source Film originated material For footage originally shot on 24 frames per second film and 24 frame progressive digital cameras simplistic solutions like frame memory can end up creating motion artifacts that mar the final result These appear as zipper like patterns on the left and right edges of moving objects The Sony system automatically and flawlessly detects the 3 2 cadence and performs full 3 2 reverse conversion which maintains the integrity of the original film frames Mismatched film frames are never force fit into a single video frame The system adds no motion blurring You ll enjoy twice the vertical resolution of conventional interlace video for an experience that s less like watching television and more like watching film Film originated material on a DVD R RW or DVD R RW DVD recorders complicate the I P conversion processes because these recorders capture everything as i
44. ram for these ES components required us to address even subtle distortions The problem is jaggedness in the edges that separate areas of the scene especially when the edges are straight lines when they re diagonal and when there s a big difference in contrast between the areas they separate Rooflines car hoods venetian blinds and other lines in the scene can appear with unwanted stair steps not in the original program Sony s Vertical Edge Compensation controls this artifact Pixels on the line above SS Pixel being created Pixels on the line below ocg Sony s Vertical Edge Compensation uses a broad range of pixels on the lines immediately above and below to calculate a pixel on moving edges This controls the jaggedness that can sometimes distort edges in the video picture Vertical Edge Compensation uses the built in motion detection to judge motion at the pixel level and to detect edges When the circuit detects an edge it refers to other edges within the field The circuit then assembles data from a broad range of pixels on the lines immediately above and below to calculate the new pixel This smoothes out the stair steps and results in consistent natural looking lines throughout the picture It s just one more way that Sony raises the standard in DVD Video picture quality Precision Cinema Progressive circuitry in action We ve devoted seven pages to Pixel by Pixel I P Conversion and Vertical Edge Compensation t
45. re in DVD players However there continue to be important differences in how DVD players generate the 480P signal The DVP NS9100ES and NS3100ES have Sony s Precision Cinema Progressive system a comprehensive approach that incorporates two significant circuits to deliver a picture that comes closer than ever to the original movie theater experience Sony s Pixel by Pixel Active interlace to progressive I P conversion ensures maximum resolution while Sony s Vertical Edge Compensation reduces artifacts along the edges of objects in the scene Pixel by Pixel Active I P Conversion Interlace to Progressive I P conversion is a potentially tricky process The solutions range from inexpensive and simplistic to sophisticated Hollywood postproduction systems that require powerful computation Optimum I P conversion is challenging because there are so many different types of content 1 Material originated on film or on 24 frame progressive digital systems which in this context behave just like film Material originated on film and recorded onto DVD R RW or DVD R RW Material that quickly intercuts video and film originated footage Material that has film and video showing at the same time Material originated on interlaced video a Sy These different types of DVD material place different demands on the I P converter A conversion strategy optimized for material originally shot on film will not get the best results for material originally sh
46. ruction amp D SIQN cccccseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees Page 39 FOOTOE econ tesa aes anna Page 42 SPECICATION S aeea T aaa Page 44 1 i LINK is a trademark of Sony used only to designate that product contains an IEEE 1394 connector All products with an IEEE 1394 connector may not communicate with each other Please refer to the documentation that comes with the device having an i LINK connector for information on compatibility operating conditions and proper connection ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 2 i LINK and HDMI Digital Interfaces In 1985 the engineers of Sony ES surprised the world of high fidelity The Sony CDP 650ES was the world s first CD transport with a digital output enabling unheard of sound quality and unprecedented flexibility in audio system configuration Now such interfaces are taken for granted in high fidelity In 1997 Sony staged another coup with the DCR VX1000 Handycam camcorder the world s first video component to incorporate IEEE 1394 called the i LINK interface by Sony Now such interfaces are found on almost every digital camcorder and millions of personal computers In 2003 Sony took the i LINK interface in an entirely new direction with the SCD XA9000ES Super Audio CD CD player It was Sony s first to use the i LINK interface to carry an uncompressed digital output for the Super Audio CD s Direct Stream Digital signal Today Sony takes digital interfaces one step further Th
47. sing Processing Still Part Moving Part The typical interlaced video frame includes both still and moving pixels Sony Pixel by Pixel Active I P conversion applies separate processing for each e Pixels for still objects are the easiest to handle When objects are not moving the player can simply use the corresponding pixel from the previous field Because there is no motion these pixels will match perfectly with the current field creating a seamless progressive scan output Scanning lines uaino ado ainyny N33 Time sequence g STILL PIXEL PROCESSING Pixels for still objects are simply created from the corresponding pixel in the previous field e Pixels for moving objects are created by composing pixels from scanning lines immediately above and below within the same field Because all information comes from the same 1 60 second slice of time this suppresses motion artifacts While this process does not result in the full improvement in vertical resolution the human eye is less sensitive to detail in moving objects So the overall effect is a stunning improvement in image detail clarity and solidity ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 15 Scanning lines am S lt Em az Time sequence MOVING PIXEL PROCESSING Pixels for moving objects are created by composing pixels from the scanning lines immediately above and below in the same field This minimizes motion blur Thanks to Sony s flexi
48. strictions apply e AC Power All HDMI components must be switched on in order for the HDMI system to work You can t use HDMI connections through the receiver if the receiver is switched off e Anti piracy To prevent the piracy of very high quality digital signals HDMI technology also incorporates a security method called High bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP This encrypts the signal so that only authorized devices can decode the data into pictures and sound The HDMI connection is for playback only meaning that content distributed via HDMI cable cannot be recorded e Super Audio CD As of January 2005 standards for sending Super Audio CD sound over HDMI cables had not been established For this reason Super Audio CD sound is not available over the HDMI outputs of the DVP NS9100ES and NS3100ES ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 10 Video Performance Precision Cinema Progressive circuitry The purpose of today s high end home theater systems is to recreate the look and sound of the movie theater This includes the vivid detail and seamless coherence of the film frame A crucial technology for achieving this goal is DVD Video playback with progressive scanning 480P output This works with many of today s HD capable and HD monitor televisions which offer 480P inputs For example Sony markets this capability as a Hi Scan 1080i television In this context 480P outputs have been promoted as a must have featu
49. ted D A and A D conversions The i LINK interface of the DVP NS9100ES overcomes this limitation The i LINK interface maintains the signal in the digital domain protecting the music from repeated conversions This i LINK digital output is compatible with the i LINK digital input on Sony s own STR DA 100ES and the recent STR DA9000ES The i LINK interface also enables a single digital cable to take the place of six analog cables 5 1GH OUTPUT A portion of the DVP NS9100ES back panel shows the multi channel analog outputs lower right stereo analog outputs center optical and coaxial digital outputs for DVD and CD upper left and i LINK digital output for Super Audio CD lower left ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 4 Internal layout of the DVP NS9100ES as seen from the back You can see the edge of one of the R Core power transformers 1 the analog audio circuit 2 and the analog video circuits 3 The digital audio circuit board 4 which includes and the i LINK output is partially hidden behind the analog video circuit The 1 LINK digital audio interface uses Digital Transmission Content Protection DTCP a robust system that protects the music from piracy The application of the i LINK IEEE 1394 interface for Super Audio CD is clearly different from and not compatible with previous i LINK interface applications for DV camcorders PC peripherals and professional digital video systems You can only connect the
50. u might not notice that the output jacks are plated with gold But they protect the audio and video signal quality from oxidation which can degrade the output signal over time And that can make a noticeable difference ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 37 Video Off and Display Off modes One potential concern with so many types of circuitry in one chassis is mutual interference Sony minimizes the possibility of radiated interference with power off configurations that shut down potential sources of noise Video Off Shuts down the video circuitry and the HDMI output to eliminate even slight residual effects on the audio circuitry Display Off Disables the display for a further reduction in noise ES DVD Players 2005 Version 4 0 Page 38 Construction amp Design Twin R Core Transformers NS9100ES The digital processing and control circuits can introduce noise to the power supply voltage which can trigger subtle audio distortions To protect the audio circuitry the DVP NS9100ES uses two separate power transformers one for the servo and digital system and another just for the analog audio and video systems The analog power supply is further divided with independent transformer windings for analog audio and analog video This reduces interference between audio and video circuitry to a bare minimum In addition power supply regulation on the audio circuit board itself helps establish stable operation for the audio D A co
51. ver twice the vertical resolution as conventional 480i video Sony s HD upscaling outputs this signal as 480p 720p or 1080i High Definition via the High Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI jack You owe it to yourself to spend some time admiring the results Slip in a top quality DVD and the upscaled image is sumptuous rich and detailed Even though this source material is Standard Definition it comes amazingly close to the look of full High Definition While 480p video is also available at the analog component video outputs HD upscaling at 720p and 1080i is only available via the HDMI output Established in September 2003 HDMI is an extension of the DVI digital interface While DVI is limited to video only HDMI can transmit uncompressed High Definition digital video and digital audio via a single cable This greatly simplifies system set up replacing as many as ten analog and digital connections with just one cable In addition to providing 480p 720p or 1080i the HDMI output of Sony ES Series DVD players can support digital signals in both RGB component video and Y Cb Cr component video Left HDMI Right Center Surround Right Surround Left Subwoofer Before HDMI technology left you needed nine cables to get component video and 5 1 channel analog audio from your DVD player and into your receiver HDMI conveys both video and audio with full resolution and digital precision all on a single cable ES DVD

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