Network Computing Devices WUSB11 User's Manual
Contents
1. Figure 2 2 Instant Wreless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter Chapter 3 Getting to Know the Chapter 4 Software Installation Wireless USB Network Adapter and Configuration for Vindows O8S Mb and 2000 The Wireless USB Network Adapter Setup Wizard will guide you through the installation procedure for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 The Setup Wizard will install the WLAN Monitor and driver as well as configure the Adapter Figure 3 1 Note for Windows XP users Do NOT run the Wireless USB Port Network Adapter Setup Wizard Proceed directly to Chapter 5 Hardware Installation USB The Adapter s USB port is located on the side of the Adapter You will attach the included USB cable to this port The other end of the cable will connect to your PC s USB port Insert the Setup Wizard CD ROM into your CD ROM drive The Setup Wizard should run automatically and the Welcome screen should appear If it does not click the Start button and choose Run In the field that appears enter D setup exe if D is the letter of your CD ROM drive Instant Wireless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter LED Indicators Setup Wizard version 1 2 a iliz B 2 11h Power Green The Power LED lights up when the Adapter is pow ered on Welcome Welcome to the Setup Wizard for the Wireless USB Adapter Link Green The Link LED lights up when the Adapter has an donem properly this installation should ba run befora physically i2. e Upto 11Mbps High Speed Data Transfer Rate Integrated Equalizer Recovers Weak Signals and Enhances Sensitivity Movable External Antenna Improves Signal Quality e USB Port Powers Your Adapter No Power Supply Needed Compatible with Windows 98SE Me 2000 and XP e User Friendly Setup Software Provides Hassle Free Configuration e Plug and Play Operation Provides Easy Setup Works with All Standard Internet Applications Interoperable with 802 11b DSSS 2 4GHz Compliant Equipment e Capable of up to 128 bit WEP Encryption Free Software Driver Upgrades Free Technical Support 24 Hours a Day 7 Days a Week Toll Free US Calls e 1 Year Limited Warranty Instant Wreless Series Chapter 2 Planning Your Wireless Network A wireless local area network WLAN is exactly like a regular local area net work LAN except that each computer in the WLAN uses a wireless device to connect to the network Computers in a WLAN share the same frequency channel and SSID which is an identification name for wireless devices Ad Hoc versus Infrastructure Mode Unlike wired networks wireless networks have two different modes in which they may be set up infrastructure and ad hoc An infrastructure configura tion is a WLAN and wired LAN communicating to each other through an access point An ad hoc configuration is wireless equipped computers com municating directly with each other Choosing between these two modes depends on wh
3. Instant Wreless Series Appendix C Specifications Standards IEEE 802 11b USB 1 1 Channels 11 Channels USA Canada 13 Channels Europe 14 Channels J apan Port Cne USB Type B Transnit Power 19 dBm typical Receive Sensitivity 35 dBm typical Modulation CCK DOPSK DBPSK Network Protocols TCP IP IPX SPX NetBEU LEDs Power Link Wreless USB Network Adapter Certifications Operating Temp Storage Temp Operating Humidity Storage Humidity 3 58 x 2 8 x 0 9 91 mmx 71 rrm x 23 nm 2 12 oz 0 06 kg 260 mA typical FCC Class B W Fi CE 329F to 1319F OC to 55 139F to 1409F 259C to 60 C O to 70 Non Condensing 10 to 90 Non Condensing 41 42 Instant Wreless Series Appendix D Warranty Information BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODE FROM THE PRODUCT S PACKAGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDEN TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCU MENTATION LINKSYS DOES NOT OFFER REFUNDS FOR ANY PROD UCT LINKSYS OFFERS CROSS SHIPMENTS A FASTER PROCESS FOR PRO CESSING AND RECEIVING YOUR REPLACEMENT LINKSYS PAYS FOR UPS GROUND ONLY ALL CUSTOMERS LOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CANADA SHALL BE HELD RESPONSIBL
4. Figure 4 3 Instant Wreless Series 4 If you chose Infrastructure Mode go to Step 5 now If you chose Ad Hoc Mode select the correct operating channel for your network The channel you choose should match the channel set on the other devices in your wire less network Then click the Next button R LA LINKSYS i j Imataut Wireless Sanes Wireless USB Network Adapter Setup Wizard version 1 2 7 AM hannels 24 ah T 4 Wireless r Figure 4 4 5 The Setup Wizard will ask you to review your settings before it starts to copy files Click the Next button to save these settings or click the Back button to change any settings R LA LINKSYS imatant Wireless Sanes Wireless USB Network Adapter Setup Wizard venion 1 2 a AGI lz Finalize Settings T gp2 tib SAG Network Made infrastructure SSID linksys Wireless USB Network Adapter 6 After the software has been successfully installed the screen in Figure 4 6 will appear Click the Exit button L3 LINKSYS Inataunt Wireless Sanes Wireless USB Network Adapter Setup Wizard venion 1 2 24 Glz HET Congratulations The installation of the Wireless USB Adapter is complete Figure 4 6 Proceed to Chapter 5 Hardware Installation Instant Wreless Series Chapter 5 Hardware Installation Important for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 users You must run the Setup Wizard to install the software before installing the hardware Im
5. a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which is found by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment or devices Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver s Consult a dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for assistance FCC Caution Any changes or modifications nor expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate this equipment This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement This device and its antenna s must operate with a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter End users must be provided with specific operations for satisfying RF exposure compliance INDUSTRY CANADA CANADA This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian IC 03 Cet appareil num rique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB 003 du Canada The use of this device
6. are unsure about the Default Gateway and DNS address then leave these fields alone Click the Next button to continue or click the Cancel button to return to the Profiles screen CER E m Wireless USB Network Adapter Wl Ay Boni LI Network Settings m Eum gm TP arpa DF 7 Bon Ae Fer fees ae dec mire T Pen Fm uem Figure 7 12 IP Address This IP Address must be unique to your network Subnet Mask The Adapter s Subnet Mask must be the same as your wired network s Subnet Mask Default Gateway Enter the IP address of your network s Gateway here DNS 1 and DNS 2 Enter the DNS address of your Ethernet wired net work here Wireless USB Network Adapter 4 The Network Mode screen shows a choice of two network modes Click the Infrastructure Mode radio button if you want your wireless computers to communicate with computers on your wired network via a wireless access point Click the Ad Hoc Mode radio button if you want multiple wireless computers to communicate directly with each other Then complete the SSID field Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen i ba Wireless USB Network Adapter LONE TB T iR iz N EN 1 14 5 Network Mode 4 branche Hos E Goce node dama bee Se uh amc pae ee i a el aah mu n obs poa r en nma Ug eyes bee ie ere Ges ww gg ce ee bs uu of i cee po PX Seer Bei Dp n ud m vr du F x Lor on L L mal Ima d
7. iden direktiivien muiden ehtojen mukainen e Linksys Group d clare que l adaptateur r seau USB sans fil Instant Wireless est conforme aux conditions essentieles et aux dispositions relatives la directive 1999 5 EC la directive 89 336 EEC et la directive 73 23 EEC e Belgique B L utilisation en ext rieur est autoris sur le canal 11 2462 MHz 12 2467 MHz et 13 2472 MHZ Dans le cas d une utilisation priv e l ext rieur d un b timent au dessus d un espace public aucun enregistrement n est n cessaire pour une distance de moins de 300m Pour une distance sup rieure 300m un enregistrement aupr s de l IBPT est requise Pour une util isation publique l ext rieur de b timents une licence de l IBPT est requise Pour les enreg istrements et licences veuillez contacter l IBPT e France F Bande de fr quence restreinte seuls les canaux 10 11 12 13 2457 2462 2467 et 2472 MHz respectivement doivent tre utiis s en France Toute utilisation qu elle soit int rieure ou ext rieure est soumise autorisation Vous pouvez contacter l Autorit de R gulation des T l communiations http www art telecom fr pour la proc dure suivre e France F Restricted frequency band only channels 10 11 12 13 2457 2462 2467 and 2472 MHz respectively may be used in France License required for every indoor and outdoor installations Please contact ART for procedure to follow e Deutschland D Anmeldung im OutdoorBe
8. laud keed armes orraco mab bo yor Virga USE dame To FEES Pos H OR Pet Ae Delon To canned do one O du Doneecbon en Fa ini select Pun eee conracban fen cix Connie sufien ib cnm bri vh Eo elie m sig Meteo Noe a Figure 7 5 For all networks detected the following are listed SSID The SSID unique name of the wireless network Signal The qualitative strength of the wireless signal Site Information For each network selected the following settings are listed Network Mode The wireless mode currently in use Channel The channel to which the wireless network devices are set WEP The status of the WEP encryption security feature MAC The MAC address of the wireless network s access point Surveyed at The time at which the wireless network was scanned Refresh Click the Refresh button to perform a new search for wireless devices 21 Instant Wreless Series Connect To connect to one of the networks on the list select the wireless net Work and click the Connect button If the wireless network has WEP encryp tion enabled you will see the screen shown in Figure 7 6 WEP Key Needed for Connection This wireless network has WEP encryption enabled To connect to this network select the level of WEP encryption Enter the required passphrase or WEP key in the appropriate field below Then press the OK button eye 64 bit 10 hex characters The Passphrase is case sensitive and should b
9. useful at a corporation scale or when it is necessary to connect the wired and wireless networks IP Address In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol IP today an IP address is a 32 binary digit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packet across the Internet When you request an HTML page or send e mail the Internet Protocol part of TCP IP includes your IP address in the message actually in each of the packets if more than one is required and sends it to the IP address that is obtained by looking up the domain name in the Uniform Resource Locator you requested or in the e mail address you re sending a note to At the other end the recipient can see the IP address of the Web page requester or the e mail sender and can respond by sending another message using the IP address it received IPCONFIG A utility that provides for querying defining and managing IP addresses within a network A commonly used utility under Windows NT and 2000 for configuring networks with static IP addresses ISP An ISP Internet service provider is a company that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting LAN A local area network LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geograp
10. 2 A GHz oF mar i Network Mode Inastrachire Transtar Rate Juin Fes of toe ETEF Cancel Channel E WEP Maha Figure 7 8 Export Select the profile you want to save in a different location and click the Export button Direct Windows to the appropriate folder and click the OK button Figure 7 10 2 Enter a name for the new profile and click the OK button Click the ix Cancel button to return to the Profiles screen Pa Piper 8 Create connection profile x der Enter a name for the new profile compart Dii E nd TENE ces m fo rige 7 11 Gares an pp Che Met cil Care oi Figure 7 9 Note If you want to export more than one profile you have to export them one at a time Delete Click the Delete button to delete a profile Click the X Close button in the upper right corner to exit the WLAN Monitor 24 25 26 Instant Wreless Series 3 The Network Setting screen will appear next If your network has a DHCP server click the radio button next to Obtain an IP address automatically DHCP Click the Next button to continue or click the Cancel button to return to the Profiles screen If your network does not have a DHCP server click the radio button next to Specify the IP Address Enter an IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway and DNS appropriate for your network You must specify the IP Address and Subnet Mask on this screen If you
11. E FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING CHARGES PLEASE CALL LINKSYS FOR MORE DETAILS Wireless USB Network Adapter Appendix E Contact Information For help with the installation or operation of the Wireless USB Network Adapter contact Linksys Technical Support at one of the phone numbers or Internet addresses below 800 546 5797 1 800 LINKS YS 800 326 7114 Sales Information Technical Support RMA Return Merchandise Authorization Issues www linksys com or call 949 271 5461 Fax 949 265 6655 E mail support linksys com Web site http www linksys com FTP site ftp ftp linksys com 43 WLIiniKksys http Wwww linksys com Copyright 2003 Linksys All Rights Reserved
12. Instant Wireless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter Use this guide to install WUSB11 ver 2 6 ED WLINKSYS COPYRIGHT amp TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice Copyright 2003 Linksys All Rights Reserved Instant Wireless Linksys and the Linksys logo are registered trademarks of Linksys Group Inc Microsoft Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks and brand names are the property of their respective pro prietors LIMITED WARRANTY Linksys guarantees that every Wireless USB Network Adapter will be free from physical defects in material and workmanship under normal use for one year from the date of purchase when used within the limits set forth in the Specifications chapter of this User Guide This Warranty is valid and may be processed only in the country of purchase If the product proves defective during this warranty period go to the Linksys website at www linksys com for complete RMA Return Merchandise Authorization assistance You can also call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a RMA Number BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODE FROM THE PRODUCT S PACK AGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE When returning a product mark the RMA Number clearly on the outside of the package and include a copy of your original proof of pur chase All customers lo
13. S Extended Service Set A set of more than two or more BSSs multiple access points forming a single network Firmware Code that is written onto read only memory ROM or program mable read only memory PROM Once firmware has been written onto the ROM or PROM it is retained even when the device is turned off IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The IEEE describes itself as the world s largest technical professional society promot ing the development and application of electrotechnology and allied sciences for the benefit of humanity the advancement of the profession and the well being of our members The IEEE fosters the development of standards that often become national and international standards The organization publishes a number of journals has many local chapters and several large societies in special areas such as the IEEE Computer Society Infrastructure Network An infrastructure network is a group of computers or other devices each with a wireless adapter connected as an 802 11 wireless Wireless USB Network Adapter LAN In infrastructure mode the wireless devices communicate with each other and to a wired network by first going through an access point An infra structure wireless network connected to a wired network is referred to as a Basic Service Set BSS A set of two or more BSS in a single network is referred to as an Extended Service Set ESS Infrastructure mode is
14. a bare ril amu Eum caasa m i ua ay eai ard ated A Ute dob im SE Liri E pah bo nrm Bu ums El Figure 6 3 You have now completed the driver installation for the Wireless USB Network Adapter To configure the Adapter proceed to the next section Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration 15 Instant Wreless Series Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration Note for Windows XP users Windows XP has a built in configura tion tool Use Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration in the sys tem tray at the bottom of your screen to configure the Adapter 1 After installing the Adapter the Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration icon will appear in your comput ers system tray see Figure 6 4 Double click the icon o Wireless herbmork Connection Cre Of Dee wares Debora orale To seg a lect of yenisi networks click hers Note Steps 2 and 3 are the instructions and screenshots for Windows XP with Service Pack 1 installed If you have not installed Service Pack 1 select the network you want and click the Connect button If the network has WEP encryption enabled enter the WEP key in the Network key field and then click the Connect button 2 The screen that appears will show any available wireless network Select the network you want If this network has WEP Minien Patwa ark C La necT tien LIT encryption enabled go to Thelskeweng canter reteesk z am enable To accent a step 3 vasibrii ruth bae A H
15. ak E Fd LII Figure 7 13 Infrastructure Mode This mode allows wireless and wired networks to communicate through an access point Ad Hoc Mode This mode allows wireless equipped computers to com municate directly with each other No access point is used SSID The SSID is the unique name shared by all devices in a wireless net work The SSID must be identical for all devices in the wireless network It is case sensitive and must not exceed 32 characters use any of the charac ters on the keyboard Make sure this setting is the same for all devices in your wireless network 27 28 Instant Wreless Series 5 If you chose Infrastructure Mode then proceed to step 6 If you chose Ad Hoc Mode then the Wireless Channels screen will now appear Select the channel at which the network broadcasts its wireless signal Then click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen i 1 5 LA LINKSYS Wireless USB Network Adapter wer Lz Wireless Channels Select the Channel you plan to use for your wiralass network Any channel will allow t the compulers Ip communicale in Ad Hoc Mode as long as all fhe compulers arc on 802 11b tha same channel Chck Next to continue J 46 Hz Figure 7 14 Channel From the drop down box select the appropriate channel that cor responds with your network settings All devices in your wireless network must use the same channel in order to c
16. atures two fold protection in security On the hardware side as with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum technology it has the inherent security fea ture of scrambling On the software side WLAN offers the encryption function WEP to enhance security and access control Can Instant Wireless products support printer sharing Instant Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products Therefore Instant Wireless products can work with NetWare Windows NT 2000 or other network operating systems to support printer or file sharing What is WEP WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy a data privacy mechanism based on a 40 64 bit shared key algorithm as described in the IEEE 802 11 standard Wireless USB Network Adapter Appendix B Gossary 802 11b One of the IEEE standards for wireless networking hardware Products that adhere to a specific IEEE standard will work with each other even if they are manufactured by different companies The 802 11b standard specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 1 IMbps an operating frequency of 2 4GHz and WEP encryption for security 802 11b networks are also referred to as Wi Fi networks Ad hoc Network An ad hoc network is a group of computers each with a wireless adapter connected as an independent 802 11 wireless LAN Ad hoc wireless computers operate on a peer to peer basis communicating directly with each other without the use of an access point Ad hoc mode is also referred to as an Independ
17. cated outside of the United States of America and Canada shall be held responsible for shipping and handling charges IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION LINKSYS DOES NOT OFFER REFUNDS FOR ANY PRODUCT Linksys makes no warranty or representation expressed implied or statutory with respect to its prod ucts or the contents or use of this documentation and all accompanying software and specif ically disclaims its quality performance merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose Linksys reserves the right to revise or update its products software or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity Please direct all inquiries to Linksys P O Box 18558 Irvine CA 92623 FCC STATEMENT This Instant Wireless Wireless USB Network Adapter has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installa tion This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used according to the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in
18. e 16 characters or fewer Passphrase You may manually enter your WEP key in hexadecimal format below Valid hexadecimal characters are 9 and A F Figure 7 6 In the WEP drop down box select the type of WEP encryption used by the wireless network 64 bit 10 hex characters or 128 bit 26 hex characters If the wireless network uses a passphrase enter the passphrase in the Passphrase field If the wireless network uses a WEP key enter the WEP key in the Key 1 field Click the OK button to complete the network connection and return to the Site Survey screen or click the Cancel button to cancel the network connection and return to the Site Survey screen On the Site Survey screen click the X Close button in the upper right corner to exit the WLAN Monitor 22 Wireless USB Network Adapter The Profiles screen lets you save different configuration profiles for different network setups You can also import or export profiles The default profile holds the initial configuration saved when you ran the Setup Wizard C linksys Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor ver 13 Click the Profile name above and the Connect bution below io use pre configured wireless network settings Use the menu below to manage your wireless network s Profiles and Advanced settings 2 4G Hz 802 11 perau linksys Network Made Inastruchure Transfer Rate Figure 7 7 For all profiles the following are li
19. e SSID Even if they are set to the same channel they cannot communicate unless the SSID is the same Static IP Address A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in a TCP IP network Subnet Mask The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of sub groups or subnets The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IP address to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets TCP Transmission Control Protocol A method protocol used along with the IP Internet Protocol to send data in the form of message units datagram between network devices over a LAN or WAN While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data routing TCP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data called packets that a message is divided into for effi cient delivery over the network TCP is known as a connection oriented pro tocol due to requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment of receipt to the sender of the packet resulting in transmission control TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The basic com munication language or set of protocols for communications over a network developed specifically for the Internet TCP IP defines a suite or group of protocols and not only TCP and IP UDP User Datagram Protocol A method protocol used along with the IP Internet Protocol to send data in the form of message units datagram between net
20. ee the bot andi an cheek Connect vagis asia l rehna If this network does not have WEP encryption enabled then Figure 6 5 Thur ie rah npud mcims Hacaure acabe will appear Make sure the kna Md hr race sii Ton PRE box next to Allow me to ur dd read accu connect to the selected AA rue ip oana no Bue placed iade is restent wireless network even aven hough s nor pecu though it is not secure 1s checked Then click the Connect button and go to asses NT Cm step 4 A rs Il jui det hare lp coneeclig o neon click Advanced Figure 6 5 Wireless USB Network Adapter 3 If WEP is enabled the screen in Figure 6 6 will LA dele m s Mahan fe Coa iit Cid z appear Enter the WEP key Thee rubei maet To ec a of your wireless network in the Network key field and re enter it in the Confirm network key field Then click the Connect button and go Tha wralazr rates vecu he La of a naeh ur Ta to step 4 dire um r ipi h bip thet ct Donar dpa vens rudera E i migi Mesh ome TETTETETT Lpnienne scdk bey sesssssmadl Enable IEEE ECC fn authentication ber eum retro Il piu det Furor Sicul Cor e 0 a neo chk dite Ace Gewe Cone CZN L_feerect J Canoe Figure 6 6 Note Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration does not support the use of a passphrase Enter the exact WEP key used by your access point 4 The screen in Figure 6 7 will a
21. ent Basic Service Set IBSS or as peer to peer mode and is useful at a departmental scale or SOHO operation CTS Clear To Send An RS 232 signal sent from the receiving station to the transmitting station that indicates it is ready to accept data Default Gateway The router used to forward all traffic that is not addressed to a station within the local subnet DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A protocol that lets network administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of Internet Protocol IP addresses in an organization s network Using the Internet s set of protocol TCP IP each machine that can connect to the Internet needs a unique IP address When an organization sets up its computer users with a con nection to the Internet an IP address must be assigned to each machine Without DHCP the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and if computers move to another location in another part of the network a new IP address must be entered DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and dis tribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IP address when a computer is plugged into a different place in the network DHCP uses the concept of a lease or amount of time that a given IP address will be valid for a computer The lease time can vary depending on how long a user is likely to require the Internet connection at a particular location It s espe cially useful in educatio
22. ether or not the wireless network needs to share data or periph erals with a wired network or not If the computers on the wireless network need to be accessed by a wired network or need to share a peripheral such as a print er with the wired network computers the wireless network should be set up in infrastructure mode See Figure 2 1 The basis of infrastructure mode centers around an access point which serves Figure 2 1 as the main point of communications in a wireless network Access points transmit data to PCs equipped with wireless network cards which can roam within a certain radial range of the access point Multiple access points can be arranged to work in succession to extend the roaming range and can be set up to communicate with your Ethernet wired hardware as well Wireless USB Network Adapter If the wireless network is relatively small and needs to share resources only with the other computers on the wireless network then the ad hoc mode can be used See Figure 2 2 Ad hoc mode allows computers equipped with wire less transmitters and receivers to communicate directly with each other elimi nating the need for an access point The drawback of this mode is that in Ad Hoc mode wireless equipped computers are not able to communicate with computers on a wired network And of course communication between the wireless equipped computers is limited by the distance and interference direct ly between them
23. f narrowband transmission but the trade off produces a signal that is in effect louder and thus easier to detect provided that the receiver knows the parameters of the spread spectrum signal being broadcast If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency a spread spectrum signal looks like background noise There are two main alternatives Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS What is DSSS What is FHSS And what are their differences Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver Properly synchronized the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel To an unintended receiver FHSS appears to be short duration impulse noise Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted This bit pattern is called a chip or chipping code The longer the chip the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during trans 33 34 Instant Wreless Series mission statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original data without the need for retransmission To an unintended receiver DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected ignored by most nar rowband receivers Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air WLAN fe
24. hic area for example within an office building MAC Address The MAC Media Access Control address is your computer s unique hardware number mIRC mIRC runs under Windows and provides a graphical interface for log ging onto IRC servers and listing joining and leaving channels Network Mask also known as the Subnet Mask Plug and Play The ability of a computer system to configure expansion boards and other devices automatically without requiring the user to turn off the system during installation 37 38 Instant Wreless Series Roaming In an infrastructure mode wireless network this refers to the abili ty to move out of one access point s range and into another and transparently reassociate and reauthenticate to the new access point This reassociation and reauthentication should occur without user intervention and ideally without interruption to network connectivity A typical scenario would be a location with multiple access points where users can physically relocate from one area to another and easily maintain connectivity SSID Service Set Identifier An identification name that wireless devices use to make connections In order for wireless devices to communicate they must all be set to the same channel and they all must use the same SSID For instance if you are using an access point to connect two computers using wire less devices the access point and each of the wireless devices must use the sam
25. igure the Adapter Important for Windows XP users Do NOT run the Wireless USB Network Adapter Setup Wizard If the Setup Wizard runs automatical ly after the Setup CD ROM has been inserted click the Exit button Driver Installation for Windows XP 1 Windows XP will automatically detect the Adapter Insert the Setup CD ROM into your CD ROM drive Click the radio button next to Install from a list or specific location Advanced Then click the Next button Foumi Hee Hardware Wirard Welcome to the Found Mew Hardware Wizard Ton vee Face vou ml rof Teeara bc LAG ewes HM pour badware come wilh an installation CD mm at lp deh Frie Ho ari What do you wani the wead ta de natal cnn e or puce location france Lick Nest bo connue m Em Figure 6 1 Wireless USB Network Adapter 2 Click the radio button next to Search for the best driver in these locations Select Include this location in the search and enter D Drivers in the location field if D is the letter of your CD ROM drive Then click the Next button Found es Ha deant Mars ee ee or em mots m babes mn iacta aa suce ee rade Ta bar din oe ere Lagu eee eis Pepe CU FT d mihale Hen kg irai e snm zm d kai See ee Chee chen a LB EID I LIT E E Figure 6 2 3 When Windows has finished installing the driver click the Finish button Forni Hres Flee dane Weed Complketins tha Found Now Hardware wizard eun ema rl ce
26. in a system operating either partially or completely outdoors may require the user to obtain a license for the system according to the Canadian regulations EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY EUROPE Linksys Group declares that the Instant Wireless Series products included in the Instant Wireless Series conform to the specifications listed below following the provisions of the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC and Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC ETS 301489 17 301 489 1 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment EN 609 50 Safety ETS 300 328 2 Technical requirements for Radio equipment Note This equipment is intended to be used in all EU and EFTA countries Outdoor use may be restricted to certain frequencies and or may require a license for operation For more details contact Linksys Corporate Compliance Note Combinations of power levels and antennas resulting in a radiated power level of above 100 mW are considered as not compliant with the above mentioned directive and are not allowed for use within the European community and countries that have adopted the European R amp TTE directive 1999 5 EC and or the CEPT recommendation Rec 70 03 For more details on legal combinations of power levels and antennas contact Linksys Corporate Compliance e Linksys Group vakuuttaa t ten ett Instant Wireless USB Network Adapter tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999 5 EY direktiivin 89 336 EEC ja direktiivin 73 23 EEC oleellisten vaatimusten ja Sita koskevien n
27. n and other environments where users change fre quently Using very short leases DHCP can dynamically reconfigure networks in which there are more computers than there are available IP addresses 35 36 Instant Wreless Series DHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers that need a permanent IP address DNS The domain name system DNS is the way that Internet domain name are located and translated into Internet Protocol IP addresses A domain name is a meaningful and easy to remember handle for an Internet address DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for all transmitted data This bit pattern is called a chip or chipping code Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission statistical techniques embedded in the receiver can recover the original data without the need for retransmission To an unintended receiver DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected ignored by most narrowband receivers However to an intended receiver 1 e another wireless LAN end point the DSSS signal is recognized as the only valid signal and interference is inherently rejected ignored Dynamic IP Address An IP address that is automatically assigned to a client station in a TCP IP network typically by a DHCP server Network devices that serve multiple users such as servers and printers are usually assigned static IP addresses ES
28. ng e Automatic Rate Selection e RTS CTS feature e Fragmentation Power Management What is ad hoc mode When a wireless network is set to ad hoc mode the wireless equipped com puters are configured to communicate directly with each other The ad hoc wireless network will not communicate with any wired network What is infrastructure mode When a wireless network is set to infrastructure mode the wireless network is configured to communicate with a wired network through a wireless access point What is roaming Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continu ously while moving freely throughout an area greater than that covered by a sin gle access point Before using the roaming function the workstation must make sure that it is the same channel number with the access point of dedicated cov erage area To achieve true seamless connectivity the wireless LAN must incorporate a number of different functions Each node and access point for example must always acknowledge receipt of each message Each node must maintain contact with the wireless network even when not actually transmitting data Achieving these functions simultaneously requires a dynamic RF networking technology Wireless USB Network Adapter that links access points and nodes In such a system the user s end node under takes a search for the best possible access to the system First it evaluates such factors as signal strength and
29. nstaling active connection lhe Adapter 7 Te continue press the install button 27 Figure 4 1 Instant Wreless Series Wreless USB Network Adapter On the Welcome screen you have the following choices 3 The Setup Wizard will ask you to choose a network mode Click the Infrastructure Mode radio button if you want your wireless computers to Install Click the Install button to begin the software installation process network with computers on your wired network using a wireless access User Guide Click the User Guide button to open the PDF file of this User point Click the Ad Hoc Mode radio button if you want multiple wireless Guide computers to network directly with each other Exit Click the Exit button to exit the Setup Wizard In the SSID field enter the SSID of your wireless network The SSID must Instructions for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 be identical for all devices in the network The default setting is linksys all lowercase Click the Next button 1 To install the Adapter click the Install button on the Welcome screen 2 After reading the License Agreement click the Next button if you agree or s click the Cancel button to end the installation LENS 4 i4 A H Wireless USB Network Adapter E Suebup Wir venion 12 LT L Ir Me ESTY iuis iman HE Wireless USB Network Adapter wep YERDE ii Network Mode 24 r in J gd GHz License Agreement 24 al iz Peer LE RDEEEMIMU
30. ommunicate The Security Settings screen will appear see Figure 7 15 Choose the Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP encryption settings for your wireless net work If you enable WEP enter a passphrase or WEP key Then click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen WEP If you do not want to use WEP encryption keep the default setting Disable To use WEP encryption recommended to increase wireless net Work security select 64 bit 10 hex characters or 128 bit 26 hex char acters from the drop down menu and enter a passphrase or WEP key Wireless USB Network Adapter CA LINKSYS F instant Wireless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor ve 12 Security Settings If your network requires WEP Encryption enter the WEP setting below PES MT To simply WEP key Setup you may ernier a Passphrase below It wil automatically generale 64 of 128 b d WEP keys Tha Passphrage amp Chasse and should bu 16 Characters or fewer Use the Same Parssphrase for all your ofer Linksys products Passphrise You may manually enter your WEP key in hexadecimal format below WEP Key Key Key Index l Figure 7 15 Passphrase Instead of manually entering a WEP key you can enter a passphrase in the Passphrase field so a WEP key is automatically generat ed It is case sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric char acters This passphrase must match the passphrase of your
31. other wireless network devices and is compatible with Linksys wireless products only If you have any non Linksys wireless products enter the WEP key manually on those products WEP Key The WEP key you enter must match the WEP key of your wire less network If you are using 64 bit WEP encryption then the key must consist of exactly 10 hexadecimal characters If you are using 128 bit WEP encryption then the key must consist of exactly 26 hexadecimal characters Valid hexadecimal characters are 0 to 9 and A to F Key Index The default transmit key number is 1 If your network s access point or wireless router uses transmit key number 2 3 or 4 then select the appropriate number in the Key Index drop down box 29 Instant Wreless Series 7 The Confirm New Settings screen will appear next shown the new settings To save the new settings click the Yes button To edit the new settings click the Back button a pe SSE Linksys hist LG m Bener Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor i2 Confirm New Settings 24GHz En2 11h Figure 7 16 8 The Congratulations screen will appear next Click Activate new settings now to implement the new settings immediately and return to the Link Information screen Click Activate new settings later to keep the current settings active and return to the Profiles screen R m E 1 EA i LA LINKSYS 8S 1I M Wireless USB Network Ada
32. portant for Windows XP users You must install the Adapter s A hardware before installing the software Connecting the Adapter 1 The Adapter comes with the USB cable you will use to connect the Adapter to your PC See Figure 5 1 Wireless USE Network Adapter CAUSE 11 Ver 261 Figure 5 1 Connect one end of the USB cable to the USB port of the 2 Adapter see Figure 5 2 Connect the other end of the USB cable to one of the USB ports on your computer see Figure 5 3 Wireless USB Network Adapter A GHz d B2 1ibh MERDA Wiramay Serios W iralrrs UEE Hetwork ebapirr 2 The Power LED should light up ete 2 when the Adapter is plugged in Make sure your PC is powered on 3 Raise the antenna Make sure the antenna is positioned straight up into the air at a 90 angle from the Adapter see Figure 5 5 This will ensure optimum wireless operating range and performance Figure 5 5 Note If you want to attach the Adapter onto your wall go to the next section Using the Adapter s Wall Mount before proceeding to the appropriate chapter for your PC s operating system If your PC is running Windows XP proceed to Chapter 6 Driver Installation and Configuration for Windows XP If your PC is running Windows 98SE Me or 2000 the installation of the Wireless USB Network Adapter is complete If you want to check the link information search for available wireless ne
33. ppear if your connection is active Figure 6 7 For more information about wireless networking on a Windows XP computer click Start and then Help and Support Enter the keyword wireless in the field provided and press the Enter key Congratulations The installation of the Wireless USB Network Adapter is complete 17 Instant Wreless Series Chapter 7 Using the WLAN Monitor for Windows 98SE ME and 2000 Use the WLAN Monitor to check the link information search for available wireless networks or create profiles that hold different configuration settings Important for Windows XP users Windows XP has a built in configuration tool Use the Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration Gn the system tray at the bottom of your screen to configure the Adapter See Chapter 6 Driver Installation and Configuration for Windows XP Accessing the WLAN Monitor After installing the Adapter the Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor icon will appear in your system tray Double A click the icon see Figure 7 1 Figure 7 1 The Link Information screen will appear From this screen you can find out how strong the current wireless signal is and how good the connection s quali ty is You can also click the More Information button to view additional sta tus information about the current wireless connection To search for available wireless networks click the Site Survey tab To perform configuration changes click
34. pter WLAN Monitor s13 Congratulations Your Wireless AR Adepter has successfully bean ponfiguradi dA GHz UE re C setting inter Figure 7 17 You have successfully created a connection profile Click the X Close button in the upper right corner to exit the WLAN Monitor 30 Wireless USB Network Adapter Appendix A Troubleshooting This chapter provides solutions to problems usually occurring during the instal lation and operation of the Wireless USB Network Adapter Read the descrip tion below to solve your problems If you can t find an answer here check the Linksys website at www linksys com 1 My computer does not recognize the Wreless USB Network Adapter Make sure that the Wireless USB Network Adapter is properly inserted into the USB port e Also make sure that the USB Controller is enabled in the BIOS Check with your motherboard s user guide for more information 2 The Wreless USB Network Adapter does not work properly Reinsert the Wireless USB Network Adapter into the notebook or desktop s USB port For Windows 98SE or Me right click on My Computer and select Properties Select the Device Manager tab and click on the Network Adapter You will find the Wireless USB Network Adapter if it is installed successfully If you see a yellow exclamation mark the resources may be conflicting and you must follow the steps below Uninstall the driver software from your PC Restart your PC and repea
35. pter 7 Using the WLAN Monitor for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 Overview Starting the WLAN Monitor Link Information Site Survey Profiles Creating a New Profile Un 10 10 11 14 14 14 16 17 17 17 18 20 22 24 Appendix A Troubleshooting Common Problems and Solutions Frequently Asked Questions Appendix B Glossary Appendix C Specifications Environmental Appendix D Warranty Information Appendix E Contact Information Instant Wreless Series 30 30 30 34 39 39 41 42 Wireless USB Network Adapter Chapter 1 Introduction The Wireless USB Network Adapter Put the mobile back into mobile computing with the Linksys Instant Wireless USB Network Adapter The Linksys Instant Wireless USB Network Adapter operates in the ISM band using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS transmission to implement the 802 11b standard Users can now move easily between Access Points without the hassle of reconfiguring their connection The Instant Wireless USB Network Adapter also gives you the freedom to work your way from where you want letting you take full advantage of your PC and providing you with access to all your networked resources from beyond your desktop and a high powered built in antenna with LEDs that indicate power and linkage Compatible with Windows 98SE 2000 Me and XP the Instant Wireless USB Network Adapter from Linksys is a true necessity for all your wireless PC applications
36. quality as well as the message load currently being carried by each access point and the distance of each access point to the wired backbone Based on that information the node next selects the right access point and registers its address Communications between end node and host computer can then be transmitted up and down the backbone As the user moves on the end node s RF transmitter regularly checks the sys tem to determine whether it 1s in touch with the original access point or whether it should seek a new one When a node no longer receives acknowledgment from its original access point it undertakes a new search Upon finding a new access point it then re registers and the communication process continues What is ISM band The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U S have set aside bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band Spectrum in the vicinity of 2 4 GHz in particular is being made available worldwide This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenient high speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe What is Spread Spectrum Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique devel oped by the military for use in reliable secure mission critical communica tions systems It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability integrity and security In other words more bandwidth is consumed than in the case o
37. reich notwending aber nicht genehmi gungspflichtig Bitte mit Handler die Vorgehensweise abstimmen e Germany D License required for outdoor installations Check with reseller for procedure to fol low e Italia I E necessaria la concessione ministeriale anche per l uso interno Verificare con i riven ditori la procedura da seguire L uso per installazione in esterni non e permessa e ltaly I License required for indoor use Use with outdoor installations not allowed e the Netherlands NL License required for outdoor installations Check with reseller for proce dure to follow e Nederlands NL Licentie verplicht voor gebruik met buitenantennes Neem contact op met verkoper voor juiste procedure UG WUSB11ver 2 6 012203B J L Wireless USB Network Adapter Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction The Wireless USB Network Adapter Features Chapter 2 Planning Your Wireless Network Network Topology Ad Hoc versus Infrastructure Mode Chapter 3 Getting to Know the Wireless USB Network Adapter The Wireless USB Network Adapter s Port and LEDs Chapter 4 Software Installation and Configuration for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 Overview Instructions for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 Chapter 5 Hardware Installation Connecting the Adapter Using the Adapter s Wall Mount Chapter 6 Driver Installation and Configuration for Windows XP Overview Driver Installation for Windows XP Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration Cha
38. s Metwork Status TCP IP Setting status Connie bec i Z SSi inksys AGE 265 755 0 Network Mida iniasinsctura Transfer Rate 1i Mbre B2 168 0 ur WLSB11 is Active Figure 7 4 Wireless Network Status Status The status of the wireless network connection SSID The SSID of the wireless network Network Mode The wireless mode currently in use Transfer Rate The data transfer rate of the current connection Channel The channel to which the wireless network devices are set WEP The status of the WEP encryption security feature MAC The MAC address of the wireless network s access point TCP IP Setting IP Address The IP Address of the Adapter Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask of the Adapter Default Gateway The Default Gateway address of the Adapter DNS The DNS address of the Adapter DHCP The status of the DHCP client Save to Profile Click the Save to Profile button to save the current settings in a configuration profile Then the Create connection profile screen will appear Enter a name for the new profile and click the OK button Click the Back button to return to the initial Link Information screen Click the X Close button in the upper right corner to exit the WLAN Monitor Wireless USB Network Adapter The Site Survey screen displays a list of infrastructure and ad hoc networks available for connection A Luinexsys E Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor ET Paka m Fw dni cd
39. sted Profile Name of the connection profile SSID The wireless network s SSID as set in the connection profile Profile Information For each profile selected the following are listed Network Mode The mode of the wireless network currently in use Transfer Rate The Adapter is set to Auto mode so it will dynamically shift to the fastest data transfer rate possible at any given time Channel The channel to which the wireless network devices are set WEP The status of the WEP encryption security feature Connect To connect to a wireless network using a specific profile select the profile and click the Connect button Edit Select a profile and click the Edit button to change an existing profile New Click the New button to create a new profile See the next section Creating a New Profile for detailed instructions 23 Instant Wreless Series Wreless USB Network Adapter Import Click the Import button to import a profile that has been saved in Creating a New Profile another location Select the appropriate file and click the Open button On the Profiles screen click the New button to create a new profile R Ln LINKSYS i india Wireless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor ver 13 Click the Profile name above and the Connect bution below io use pre confiqured wireless network settings Use the menu below to manage your wireless networks Profiles and Advanced settings FE
40. t the hardware and software installation as specified in this User Guide 3 L cannot communicate with the other computers linked via Ethernet in the Infrastructure configuration e Make sure that the notebook or desktop is powered on e Make sure that the Wireless USB Network Adapter is configured with the same SSID and WEP settings as the other computers in the Infrastructure configuration Frequently Asked Questions Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over a network Consult the application s user guide to determine 1f it supports oper ation over a network 31 32 Instant Wreless Series Can play computer games with other members of the wireless network Yes as long as the game supports multiple players over a LAN local area net work Refer to the game s user guide for more information What is the IEEE 802 11b standard It is one of the IEEE standards for wireless networks The 802 11b standard allows wireless networking hardware from different manufacturers to commu nicate provided that the hardware complies with the 802 11b standard The 802 11b standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 11 Mbps and an oper ating frequency of 2 4GHz What IEEE 802 11b features are supported The product supports the following IEEE 802 11b functions e CSMA CA plus Acknowledge protocol e Multi Channel Roami
41. the Profiles tab amp LA Li rJ EN ES esimi Hrzkezn Gris Wireless USB Network Adapter y KLAN Monitor sa iz 7 AGHz LM i diu Ka d T j BSE E Aire Wireless USB Network Adapter Link Information The Link Information screen displays network mode signal strength and link quality information about the current connection It also provides a button to click for additional status information La LINKSYS gt Iran Wireless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor ver 12 Link Information You have successfully connected to the access point and Internet e Fa i zi GHz 4 802 11b WUSB11 is Active Figure 7 3 Ad Hoc Mode or Infrastructure Mode The screen indicates whether the Adapter is currently working in ad hoc or infrastructure mode Signal Strength The Signal Strength bar indicates signal strength from O to 100 Link Quality The Link Quality bar indicates the quality of the wireless net work connection from 0 to 100 Click the More Information button to view additional information about the wireless network connection Click the X Close button in the upper right corner to exit the WLAN Monitor 19 Instant Wreless Series LA LINKSYS Iran Wireless Series Wireless USB Network Adapter WLAN Monitor ver 1 2 Provided hara is information about tha currant link between the Wireless USB Adapter and its wiralass network connection Wireles
42. tworks or make additional configuration changes proceed to Chapter 7 Using the WLAN Monitor for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 Using the Adapters Wall Mount The Adapter s Wall Mount see Figure 5 6 allows you to easily attach the Adapter onto your wall for better reception and more convenient placement 11 Instant Wreless Series 1 Attach the separate adhesive strip of vel cro to the wall that you will be mounting the Adapter 2 To attach the Wall Mount to the Adapter slide the Wall Mount into the grooves on the back panel of the Adapter as shown in Steps A B and C gano Figure 5 7 STEP A STEP B Figure 5 8 Wrreless USB Network Adapter STEP C Figure 5 9 3 Using the velcro strip on the Adapter s Wall Mount attach the Adapter to the velcro strip on your wall If your PC is running Windows XP proceed to Chapter 6 Driver Installation and Configuration for Windows XP If your PC is running Windows 98SE Me or 2000 the installation of the Wireless USB Network Adapter is complete If you want to check the link information search for available wireless networks or make additional configuration changes proceed to Chapter 7 Using the WLAN Monitor for Windows 98SE Me and 2000 13 Instant Wreless Series Chapter 6 Driver Installation and Configuration for VMndows XP Overview E After connecting the Adapter to your computer you will install the driver and conf
43. work devices over a LAN or WAN While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data routing UDP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data called packets that a message is divided into for effi Wireless USB Network Adapter cient delivery over the network UDP is known as a connection less protocol due to NOT requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment of receipt to the sender of the packet as opposed to TCP USB Universal Serial Bus A plug and play interface between a comput er and peripherals such as digital cameras scanners game controllers speak ers keyboards portable data storage or printers With USB you can add a new peripheral to your computer without having to add an adapter card or powering down the computer USB also supports hot swapping the addition or removal of devices while the computer is running USB 1 1 compliant devices support data rates of 1 5Mbps low speed and up to 12Mbps full speed WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy A data privacy mechanism based on a 64 bit shared key algorithm as described in the IEEE 802 11b standard WINIPCFG Configuration utility based on the Win32 API for querying defining and managing IP addresses within a network A commonly used util ity under Windows 95 98 and Me WLAN Wireless Local Area Network A group of computers and associat ed devices that communicate with each other wirelessly 39 40
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