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HP 20b User's Manual

1. 86 DOW Q 87 14 Error Messag s 89 Error Messages and Calculator Status us oue ette o EA RP 89 15 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information eese 91 Replacing the 9 HP Limited Hardware Warranty and Customer 9 Conlact informa Oe N E Aa O Ei 95 Basic Features Welcome to your new HP Financial Calculator This manual is designed to familiarize you with the many features available on your new HP Business and Financial calculators It includes menu maps cash tlow diagrams and example problems and solutions with key presses and screen shots Also included are sections which list the error messages a chapter about programming and an explanation of how Reverse Polish Notation RPN works Refer to the Table of Contents tor quick access to various topics It you need more information about your calculator or calculator operation please refer to the training materials available at www hp com calculators This manual describes in detail the features available on both the HP 20b and the HP 30b calculators In addition to all of the features found on the HP 20b the HP 30b includes the Black Sc
2. C C 1 ES l and are valid mathematical operations for memories INPUT To view the stored values in memories 1 9 and O press mm Laur followed by or repeatedly to scroll through each memory starting with memory 1 Mem 1 Note that in the Memory menu you can change the value of any memory by selecting the memory INP and typing a number followed by the key Recall Arithmetic In RPN typing adds the value of memory 2 to the first level of the stack but it will not modify the stored value of memory 2 This is useful as it saves one stack level x RCL You can also use and atter e Storing and Recalling with Time Value of Money TVM Keys To store the current number in the Time Value of Money variables press followed by the desired TVM key To recall the stored value of a TVM variable press followed by the key of the desired TVM variable Note pressing does not calculate the variable it recalls the current value 24 Mathematical Calculations Recalling a Menu ltem Value in a Menu In a menu you can recall the current value of a menu item For example open the Interest Conversion menu IConv by pressing mmu With Nom displayed pressing RC ER calculates 2 times the nominal rate This feature is useful when you need to insert the contents of a menu item into an algebraic operation Recalling and Storing Values in the Data and Cash Flow Men
3. Du to return a result of 50 To add or subtract a percentage of a number key in the first number followed by or NEET and the percentage followed by Ex Finish your calculation with 5 Jf oC JE IER MA ER to add 10 to 50 press to return a result of 55 Mathematical Calculations 25 In RPN mode the key calculates x 96 of the number on Level 2 of the stack when x is the number on Level 1 of the stack It does not modify the number on Level 2 of the stack and thus allows you to perform addition or subtraction after pressing to add or subtract x from the number INPUT uu For example returns 50 but 200 is still on Level 2 of the stack and pressing returns 150 or 200 2576 26 Mathematical Calculations 3 Time Value of Money The examples in the following sections are calculated with the Mode menu preferences in their default settings unless otherwise noted For more information about basic features and setting preferences see Chapter 1 Basic Features Time Value of Money TVM Keys Cash flow diagrams are useful tools for analyzing financial situations as they help you identity the TVM functions needed to resolve your problem A cash flow diagram is a drawing with a set of vertical arrows arranged on a horizontal line The horizontal line represents the period of time from the beginning of the financing to the end The vertical arrows represent the money or cash flows at
4. 52 8 Dale CANCUN NO bc RE 57 The Dale Calculation Merl e derat pov MOM tuus 57 9 Break DT ETT DO DEDE 59 The Break even eese Hist Etat tete Me PR QUAS ud totus usb emerged wees 59 TO Business Problems eoe i E QVE Re oe R ER Teu oto vue LoCo ode NN 61 Ine Percent Calculation MU seti navette COH p eeu ATTE 6 TI IDOEDFECIQNON e 65 Tine Deprecidhon HU eq pou Ld opi RII RA CE ea tent 66 T2 Statistical 69 Ine Stols Mens mente dna 70 L3 Programming et 75 Programming Hie OD dome ex I EO GM Itb A 75 Key Presses Tor Prodram lnsibUEllOFS soit sta meson ioo es eu Ehe eite 75 Programming Examples Ti Pogram rS 78 REGSSIGHING Menu serie naen ded o east 9 The Program Menu and tomis IER 80 Tesk and Jump PUNCH ONS ses ctae testis ute itae OE am a utet 8 Long Programs and Baltery Life eise m dte to RO E RAE SET Sed eR NN dto e S dun 82 SUD UNG IE 82 Oiner Programming FUNCOMS ceno 83 omen deed nes 84 Depugging a oiim ERR E EM 85 Saving Restoring and Modifying Mode Settings
5. Table 2 3 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in RPN Mode Keys Display Description RPN Stack kd RND Inputs the numbers and the operation in the first set of parentheses Intermediate Previous results are displayed Note Value the and RPN Previous annunciators Value Previous Value Inputs the numbers and the operation in the second set of parentheses Intermediate results are Value displayed Note the Previous annunciator Value 5 weur RND Finishes the operation and displays the results PS Previous Value Previous Value Previous Value Pressing Or when you are not entering a number duplicates the number on Level 1 That is the number on Level 1 is pushed on the stack making Levels 1 and 2 equal INPUT In the example above pressing after duplicates 77 on the stack making Levels 1 and 2 equal See Figure 5 16 Mathematical Calculations Previous Value Previous Value Figure 5 Duplicating a Number on the Stack In RPN the parentheses keys manipulate the stack Pressing performs a roll down of the stack A roll down causes the stack to roll towards the bottom of the stack during which the number in Level 2 to moves down to Level 1 the number in Level 3 to moves down to Level 2 the number in Level 4 to moves down to Level 3 and the number of Level 1 to moves up to Level 4 The key has a small down arrow on it to indicate the roll down feature
6. With the numbers entered into the stack shown in the left column in Figure 6 pressing performs the roll down of the stack shown in the right column Figure 6 The RPN Stack and the Roll Down Operation Mathematical Calculations 17 Pressing performs a swap A swap operation exchanges the numbers on Levels 1 and 2 of the stack The key has a small symbol to the right of the parenthesis symbol to indicate the swap feature With the numbers entered into the stack shown in the left column in Figure 7 pressing performs a swap to the stack as shown in the right column Figure 7 The RPN Stack and the Swap Operation NOTE when no menu is selected the key performs the same function as the key The key performs the inverse operation called roll up One Number Functions and the Math Menu The key presses for the one number mathematical functions listed in Table 2 4 below apply to all modes Chain Algebraic and RPN To execute one number functions with a number displayed press the key or key combination corresponding to the operation you wish to execute The result is displayed on the bottom line For example to calculate 6 press Ea The result of 2 45 is calculated immediately and displayed on the bottom line Note the square root symbol appears on the top line NOTE before doing any trigonometric calculations in the Math menu check whether the angle mode is set for degrees Degree or radians Radian You will need to
7. Percent Calculation Examples See the tables below for examples of calculations in the calc menu l Find the markup on an item if the cost price is 15 00 and the selling price is 22 00 Table 10 1 Markup Example Keys Display Description Opens the Calc menu Opens the Mkup C sub menu Inputs 15 for Cost L0 JC 1 JU J Inputs 22 for Price INPUT 3 Wi Calculates the value of Mkup C for the HMEuP given data wee 11111 1 62 Business Problems 2 Find the percent change between 20 and 35 with no compounding Table 10 2 Percent Change Example Keys Display Description Opens the Calc menu HMhuP 0 Scrolls to Change zChsnas pP Opens the 6Change sub menv 2 o INPUT _ LL Ge Loren 7 INPUT Inputs 20 for Old Inputs 35 for New Calculates the current value of Change for the given data NOTE although the example in Table 10 2 calls for no compounding you may specify the number of compounding periods used in calculations with the Nb Period item in the Change sub menu Nb Period is the number of compounding periods used in calculations between the old value and new value The default is 1 but to change the setting key in a number with Nb Period displayed followed by mu After calculating the example above with no compounding say for example you wish to calculate the percent change over six compounding periods Busi
8. Table 13 3 below illustrates how to reassign a menu function to the keyboard Table 13 3 Reassigning Menu Functions Keys Display Description Opens Program menu Scrolls to step 1 of 4 INPUT INPUT Press the keys to enter the steps of the L Math c program Note to enter the scroll down D command as an instruction you must m press and hold and the ANS key as shown STOP Scroll to step O CALL The ASIN function is now assigned to the SIN key EE 5 Exits the program menu keys in 5 es Em ER E the program and returns results Or CALL mm HOLD Programming 79 The Program Menu and Program Editing Now that we have been through some short examples let us look at some of the programming details The Program menu displays a list of the ten programs that are in the calculator Use the and keys to scroll through the program menu For each program the number displayed at the bottom is the memory space used occupied by the program and a checksum value of that program For example program O for the sphere uses 13 bytes and has a checksum of 104 see Figure 2 Figure 2 There are 290 bytes of program space available To erase all the programs open the Reset menu press from oufside of program mode In the reset menu select Prgm The number at the bottom of the display represents the INPUT amount of programming step
9. mode and sets mode to TURF Cans T a TVM Canada OFF emri f 2 Leve J INPUT v 2 memory J CJ LLL 3 C939 EH SE E PMT Calculates the monthly payment as required by the example Returns to default calculator screen Opens P YR menu Inputs 12 for P YR and 2 for C YR Exits menu and inputs values for N I YR and PV To reset the menu press Ej With TVM displayed press mg At the TVM Reset ON CE INPUT prompt press to reset or to cancel To exit the menu press once again With the menu in its default settings P YR and C YR are both set to 12 payments compounding periods per year 36 Canadian Mortgages TVM Canada 5 Cash Flows CF 1 CF 5 5 000 00 5 000 00 CF 2 CF 4 CF 6 4 500 00 4 000 00 115 000 00 0 CF 0 80 000 00 In the calculator a cash flow list is a set of numbered pairs CF n and CF n where n is the index of the cash flow list Each pair represents one or more cash flows in a cash flow diagram As with TVM problems it helps to sketch a cash flow diagram as a first step in solving cash flow problems For some examples of cash flow diagrams see Figure 3 at the end of this chapter Figure 1 Cash Flow Diagram CF n represents the monetary value of the cash flow CF n is the number of consecutive occurrences of that cash flow By default CF n is equal to 1 as most cash flows occur only once However in cases where
10. Menu Nb Period Start Balance Principal Interest Description Opens the Amortization menu Amort Number of periods to group together in the amortization calculation The PMT default value is the number of payments per year defined by the key Period on which to start amortization Default is 1 If you want to amortize for the second year with 12 payments per year enter 13 the second year starts at the 13 payment with 12 payments per year The loan balance at the end of the assigned amortized period Amount of the loan payment applied to the principal at the end of the amortized period Amount of the loan payment applied to the interest at the end of the amortized period Enter the values for the TVM keys for the example below Press followed by or to view the amortization schedule 30 Time Value of Money Creating an Amortization Schedule You borrow 140 000 00 for 360 months at 1095 interest Create an amortization schedule for the loan How much interest did you pay for the first year What is the balance of your loan after the first year See Table 3 4 The example below is calculated with Chain set as the operating mode but it can be performed in RPN Chain or Algebraic Table 3 4 Amortization Example Keys Display Description Inputs 12 as the number of payments per year SE VERRE PE This value is 12 by default but it maintains its inn current entered value when TVM
11. through the menu items of the Break even menu The downward arrows in the map indicate INPUT you press to scroll to the next item If a press of the key is required to open a sub menu the word INPUT appears in the arrow s For examples of menu maps with sub menus see chapters 10 12 The return arrows direct you to the next item displayed after the last item in a menu For example in Figure 7 pressing on the last item in the menu returns you to the FIXED item Basic Features 9 H z lt Quantity Figure 7 Menu Map of the Breakeven menu There are four types of menu items 1 Read write Read write menu items such as Fixed in the Break even menu shown above are easily recognizable because when they are selected both the INPUT and small annunciators are lit When lit these annunciators indicate that keying in a INPUT number and pressing will store the entered number in the displayed menu item Pressing outside of a mathematical operation calculates the value for that item based on available data 2 Read only Read only items such as Internal Rate of Return IRR in the IRR menu are display only they are values computed internally by the calculator 3 Write only Write only items such as investment interest rate Inv 196 in the Net Present Value NPV menu are similar to read write items in that the INPUT annunciator is lit when these items are selected indicating that keying in a number and pre
12. 1 With the calculator turned off slide the back cover off 2 Remove one of the old batteries and replace it with a new battery with the positive polarity symbol facing outward 3 Remove the second battery and replace it with a new battery with the positive polarity symbol facing outward 4 Replace the back cover Warning There is danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended the manufacturer Dispose dud batteries according to the manufacturer s instructions Do not mutilate puncture or dispose of batteries in fire The batteries can burst or explode releasing hazardous chemicals HP Limited Hardware Warranty and Customer Care This HP Limited Warranty gives you the end user customer express limited warranty rights trom HP the manufacturer Please refer to HP s Web site for an extensive description of your limited warranty entitlements In addition you may also have other legal rights under applicable local law or special written agreement with HP Limited Hardware Warranty Period Duration 12 months total may vary by region please visit www hp com support for latest information General Terms HP warrants to you the end user customer that HP hardware accessories and supplies will be free from defects in materials and workmanship after the date of purchase for the period specified above If HP receives notice of such defects during the warranty
13. 2 3 Since Prgrm 2 was the last program selected in the program menu you can use the SOIVE feature directly Press SOLVE s HOLD to solve for variable 1 such that the result of the program is O The result this time is 2 506184 since you stored 10 into variable 2 P fee 4 fret 3 1 You can verify this is correct by pressing and see that 10 is returned Programming 87 88 Programming 14 Error Messages Error Messages and Calculator Status Table 14 1 Error Messages Error Message Status ER Underflow The calculation generated an underflow result of O ER x O Division by zero ER 0 0 Zero divided by zero ER O Infinite multiplied by zero ER Infinite divided by infinite x O Square root of a negative number ER LN 0 LN of O ER LN x O LN of a negative number ER ATrig x 1 ASIN or ACOS of a number for which the absolute value is gt 1 ER 1 Attempted calculation of 1 Infinite ER x 0 Attempted calculation of the infinite power of a negative number ER 240 Attempted calculation of e O ER ee Frac Attempted calculation of non integer y ER x O Frac Attempted calculation of x non integer y ER Out of Bounds Input out of bounds ER Invalid P YR Returned by functions if payments per year are invalid 0 or non integer ER Invalid Input Returned if arguments are invalid fo
14. O To insert a message at step 1 and push everything else down simply begin editing at step 1 If you want to delete the current step press MSG 2 Press HOLD 84 Programming INPUT 3 Press until the letter R appears and then press HE Press and the screen should display a ON CE 4 Press con exit R S 5 Press HOLD Then press to exit 6 Now enter program mode again by pressing mj The display will show R in video inverse Since program O has a message as the first command it is now named R The video inverse signifies that it is assigned to a key in this case Press to exit 7 Now press a Notice R appears and the program pauses to wait for input R S Type ER and press HOLD to resume The program continues and calculates the volume Debugging a Program At times programs do not work as expected You can debug your programs by pressing the HOLD or HOLD keys as follows Open the Program menu and select the program you want to debug To execute the first instruction press HOLD Press this key combination repeatedly to execute your program one instruction at a time The current instruction is displayed as long as the key is pressed If you want to see the next instruction without executing it press mm HOLD in the same manner R S If you want to let the program continue by itself press HOLD IF you want to start debugging a
15. Programs start at step 1 however if you edit a program by pressing with the program displayed and press the up key 4 you will find there is a step Press any key with step O displayed and that key becomes a shortcut for the program You may also assign any mm HOLD key combination as well For example with the sphere example shown in Table 13 2 after your program has calculated the solution press to open the program menu once again Prgm 0 is displayed Figure the program used for the sphere example Figure 1 Press Le followed by to select step O Press carer you are not interested in using the key Exit the program by pressing za key in a number 5 and then press and you will see your program was executed with the same results as shown in the table 8 Programming If you assign a program to a shift key and there is no function on that key the standard function will be executed by pressing the HOLD option of that key This way you still have the option of using the standard shifted function of the key should you need it to clear your screen before next section Reassigning Menu Functions Often the best use for a program is to bring a function you use frequently out onto the keyboard For example if you use SIN frequently you may want to have ASIN available directly on the keyboard as well Having the ability to assign keys permits you to do this easily
16. TVM Example Keys Display Description JE pans Inputs 12 as the number of payments per year or compounding periods per year Inputs 360 as number of payments over 30 years HOW Inputs 6 5 as the nominal interest rate percentage per year oone Inputs the present value of the loan at the time of the first payment This value is positive it is money you receive RAND FV Inputs O as the future value of the loan the remaining balance PMT Returns the monthly payment This result is negative it is money you pay out To reset the TVM variables to their default values press Ex or ON CE INPUT repeatedly until TVM displays Press to reset the TVM values or press to cancel Note the value for P YR is not reset it maintains its current entered value when TVM Reset is used Amortization Refer to Figure 2 for a menu map of the Amortization menu Amort Table 3 3 lists the keys Amort and variables of the Amortization menu To open the menu press The Amortization N menu calculations are based on values stored in following TVM registers E es a and To enter values for the TVM variables enter a number followed by the corresponding key For an amortization example see Table 3 4 Time Value of Money 29 Table 3 3 Amortization Menu Items Figure 2 The Menu Map for the Amortization Menu
17. buy or sell the underlying asset at maturity Time remaining until expiration of the option in years Current risk free interest rate for example the current US Treasury Bond rate Degree of unpredictable change of the stock price This is usually approximated by the standard deviation of the variation of the stock price Estimation of the average dividend yield of the stock as a percentage of its price Estimated fair market value for a call option at expiration a call option is the right to purchase the asset at a given price Estimated fair market value for a put option at expiration a put option is the right to sell the asset at a given price Note that if you enter a history of the underlying asset price and its yield in the data menu pressing the key on the Volatility menu item automatically calculates the standard deviation of the variation of the asset price based on the given data Pressing in the Dividend menu item automatically calculates the average dividend as a percent of the asset price Black Scholes Calculation Menu 53 Black Scholes Example The historic prices for an asset and their dividends are listed in Table 7 2 below Given this data calculate the call and put prices for the asset The example is calculated with RPN set as the operating mode First enter the historical asset prices and the dividend as ordered pairs in the Data menv Enter the historical prices for the x values and the
18. item of the Date menu displayed press INPUT With Date displayed press to reset the menu or to cancel Press l l again to exit the menu 58 Date Calculation 9 Brealkeven H z lt Quantity Figure 1 The Menu Mop for the Breakeven Menu The Break even Menu To open the Break even menu press mm To change the value of the displayed item INPUT key in a number and press Lm Once you have entered all known data press or repeatedly to scroll to the unknown item and press to calculate it The break even function allows you to study problems involving a profit when a quantity of items with a cost to manufacture and a fixed price to develop and market is sold at a given price see Figure 1 Brealeeven Example The sale price of an item is 300 00 the cost is 250 00 and the fixed cost is 150 000 00 How many units would have to be sold to make a profit of 10 000 00 Break even 59 Table 9 1 Break even Example Keys Display Description Opens the Break even menu starting with cs Fixed the current value for fixed costs VII LLLI Inputs 150 000 00 for fixed cost Fixed icninnnnn 1 LLLI LI LULILI Inputs 250 00 for variable cost per unit Lost 3c nnn L Inputs 300 00 for price Price 2nnnn A LOLS Inputs 10 000 00 for profit EJL JEJE Calculates the current value for the i pn M unknown item 3200 units would have to be
19. n r Perform calculations with these tunctions in the same way you would pertorm calculations with ea but press to access the secondary function key For example to calculate 15 1 Press a EA z Press 3 LH The result is shown in Figure 9 Figure 9 In RPN mode key in the numbers first followed by then press the function key For example for the power function example above in RPN press 31 5 eur 3 zJ Mathematical Calculations 23 Storing and Recalling Numbers The calculator has ten memories available for use during calculations These memories are RCL numbered from 1 9 and O To store a number in a memory press 9 followed b y the key representing the memory number To recall a number stored in a memory press followed by the key representing the memory number You can use the store and recall functions for these memories any time a number is displayed or when you wish to enter a number 5 cL 4 For example to store 15 in memory 1 press a RCL 4 To recall the number in memory 1 press You can also perform operations to numbers stored memories For example press m3 RCL f 2 to store 5 in memory 2 add 12 to the value of memory 2 press ERIE RACA RCL 2 Ex Later on during a calculation you can press to recall memory 2 Note how the current value now stored in memory 2 is 17 5 12
20. period HP will at its option either repair or replace products which prove to be defective Replacement products may be either new or like new HP warrants to you that HP software will not fail to execute its programming instructions after the date of purchase for the period specified above due to defects in material and workmanship when properly installed and used If HP receives notice of such defects during the warranty period HP will replace software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects HP does not warrant that the operation of HP products will be uninterrupted or error free If HP is unable within a reasonable time to repair or replace any product to a condition as warranted you will be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon prompt return of the product with proof of purchase Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information 91 HP products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from the following improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration software interfacing parts or supplies not supplied by HP unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the published environmental specifications for the product improper site preparation or maintenance oon FT oa HP MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTY OR CONDITION WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL TO THE EXTENT ALL
21. program in the middle place a run stop R S instruction where you want to start debugging the program run the program and start debugging using HOLD En Or a when the program stops due to the R S Programming 85 Saving Restoring and Modifying Mode Settings Often programs are designed to run in a specitic mode for example FIX 4 or RPN You can Use to recall the current mode save it modity the settings either by going in ROL the menu or using function and then restoring it For example 1 mm recalls and stores the current mode settings in Memory 1 2 selects FIX 4 3 Your program mm restores the mode settings to what they were at the beginning of the program 4 returns 12 digit number CactdmrvAOff See Table 13 4 for a description of each digit Table 13 4 Digit Description A is 1 for radian mode 2 for degree mode a is 1 in Semi annual mode 2 in Annual mode C is 1 in Standard TVM mode 2 in Canadian TVM mode C is 1 in Actual day count mode 2 in 360 day count mode d is 1 if the decimal separator is 2 for ff is OO to 11 or 13 and indicates the FIX setting 13 is for FIX 1 m is 1 for mm ddyyyy mode 2 for dd mmyyyy mode is 1 for Chain mode 2 for Algebraic mode and 3 for RPN mode r defines the regression line type 1 for a x b 2 for a In x b 3 for bela 4
22. sold to return a profit of 10 000 00 TC LILILILI To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the Brealeeven menu displayed Ez INPUT ONICE press With BrkEven displayed press to reset the menu or to cancel Press again to exit the menu 60 Break even 10 Business Problems DWN Mkup C DWN DWN Es DWN Change INPUT INPUT INPUT DWN Mkup C Mkup P Change DWN Nb Period Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Percent Calculation calc Menu The Percent Calculation Menu E TY Press to open the menu There are four items in this menu Markup as a percentage of cost Mkup C Markup as a percentage of price Mkup Part as a percentage of total Part Tot Percent change Change oS These items allow you to access sub menus Press or repeatedly to scroll to the INPUT desired sub menu then press to open it see Figure 1 INPUT To change the value of a displayed item key in a number and press Once you have entered all known data press or repeatedly to scroll to the unknown item and press to calculate it Business Problems 6 To return to the percent calculation menu from anywhere within the menu or sub menus press To exit the menu press NOTE for business problems margin is based on price markup is based on cost The examples below are calculated with RPN as the active operating mode
23. the cash flow followed by This rate must be entered in both the NPV and IRR menus NetPV Net Present Value Shows the value of the cash flows at the time of the initial cash flow discounting the future cash flows by the value set for Inv 1 NetFV Net Future Value Shows the value of the cash flows at the time of the last cash flow discounting the earlier cash flows by the value set for Inv 1 NetUS Net Uniform Series Shows the per period payment of a regular periodic cash flow of equivalent present value to the cash flow list Payback Payback Shows the number of periods for the investment to return value Discounted Payback Discounted Payback Shows the number of periods required for the investment to return value if the cash flows are discounted using the value set in Inv 1 Total The sum of all the cash flows equivalent to NPV if Inv 1 is O CF Yr The number of cash flows per year The default is 1 IRR Internal Rate of Return This is the discount rate that returns a Net Present Value for the entered cash flows Safe 1 INPUT Safe Interest Rate Enter the safe investment rate followed by MIRR Modified Internal Rate of Return Used primarily when there is more than one sign change in a series of cash flows to evaluate the overall profitability of an investment FMRR Financial Management Rate of Return Used primarily when there is more than one sign change in a series of cash flows to evaluate the overa
24. the menu by pressing or repeatedly In most menus when you arrive at the last item in a menu pressing returns you to the first item Similarly pressing once on the first menu item scrolls to the last item in the menu Most items consist of two parts a name and an associated number For example the Fixed item in the Break even menu Figure 7 is displayed in Figure 5 Fixed Disiou m LULILIEULI LI Figure 5 The large annunciator shows that the value assigned to Fixed is 120 000 For example if you perform a calculation with the operating mode set to RPN with this item displayed by f2 pressing Fixed is still selected as the current item but the large annunciator is now turned off indicating that the 3 is not the value assigned to Fixed see Figure 6 Fixed up AVI AL LI Figure 6 At this point to return to the display of the Fixed menu item shown in Figure 5 press wer Some menus have sub menus If an item represents a sub menu pressing with that menu item displayed opens the sub menu Once the menu sub menu is open use and navigate through the items of the sub menu unless otherwise directed In this manual diagrams called Menu Maps are included at the beginning of each section to assist you with navigating through the menus described in that section For an example of a menu map see Figure 7 below Once opened use the and keys to navigate
25. 0 stop 83 Store numbers 24 T Thousands separator 3 Time Value of Money see IVM 27 TVM begin mode 28 Canadian Mortgage example 35 end mode 28 example 28 tuture value 28 keys 28 nominal interest rate 28 number of payments 28 number of payments per year 28 periodic payment value 28 present value 28 setting for TVM Standard or TVM Canada 4 storing and recalling with TVM keys 24 storing values in TVM variables 28 TVM Canada Canadian mortgages 35
26. 0 00 1000 00 or 1 000 00 Chain Algebraic or RPN English Francais Deutch or Espa ol Description Display precision number of digits displayed to the right of the decimal point Default is 2 m INPUT EN ee Key in the number of digits you want and press Or press until the number of digits you want is displayed The display precision can be any number from 0 11 If you specify 1 the calculator displays numbers with the most appropriate number of digits after the decimal point If you find you need to change the FIX setting often use the following shortcut l Press and release it Check that the secondary function indicator is displayed 2 Press again and without releasing it press a key through that corresponds to the desired FIX setting FIX settings for 10 and 11 are not available using this shortcut If you press instead of a numbered key FIX 1 is selected Angular mode in degrees or radians for trigonometric functions Default is Degree INPUT Pressing toggles between these options Format for dates December 3 2010 is entered as 12 032010 in mm ddyyyy format or 3 122010 in dd mmyyyy format Note the in both formats separating the first and second groups The valid range of dates is October 15 1582 to December 31 9999 Default is mm ddyyyy format INPUT Pressing toggles between these options Note that when a date is displayed a number between 1 and 7 also displays at the
27. 1 2884 Japan 00531 86 0011 Kazakhstan www hp com support Latvia www hp com support Lebanon www hp com support Lithuania www hp com support Luxembourg 2730 2146 Malaysia 1800 88 8588 Martinica 0 800 990 011 877 219 8671 Mauritius www hp com support Mexico 01 800 474 68368 800 HP INVENT M xico Montenegro www hp com support Montserrat 1 800 711 2884 Morocco www hp com support Namibia www hp com support Netherlands 020 654 5301 Netherland Antilles 001 800 8722881 800 711 2884 New Zealand 0800 551 664 Nicaragua 1 800 0164 800 711 2884 Norway 23500027 Norwegen Panama 001 800 711 2884 Panam Paraguay 009 800 541 0006 Peru 0 800 10111 Peru Philippines 2 867 3351 Poland www hp com support Polska Portugal 021 318 0093 Puerto Rico 1 877 232 0589 Romania www hp com support Russia 495 228 3050 Saudi Arabia www hp com support Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information 97 Table 15 1 Contact Information Country Region Serbia Singapore Slovakia South Africa South Korea 5 0 Spain Espana St Kitts amp Nevis St Lucia St Marteen St Vincent Suriname Swaziland Sweden Sverige Switzerland Switzerland Suisse Francais Switzerland Schweiz Deutsch Switzerland Svizzeera Italiano Taiwan Thailand Ine Trinidad amp Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkiye Turks amp Caicos UAE United Kingdom Uruguay US Virgin Islands United States Venezuela 98 Warranty
28. 41 Net US 41 Number entry 11 last number function 14 rounding 25 storing and recalling 24 Number format setting preferences 2 on HP 30b 75 P Parentheses prioritizing operations 12 Payback 41 Percent Calculation compounding periods 63 examples 62 markup and margin 61 Percent Calculation menu 61 percentage of total 61 resetting menu items to defaults 64 sub menus 61 Percentages 25 Permutations 23 PI location of entering for calculations See also Math menu 21 Probability Sub menu see also Math menu 21 program step O 78 Programming 75 76 78 79 83 84 85 86 Decrement skip 83 display 83 editing programs 80 erasing 80 example 77 executing 80 Program menu 75 R S pause and return 83 solve 87 sub function call 82 test and jump 81 R reassigning menu functions 79 Recall number 24 Reverse Polish Notation see RPN 13 RPN description of 13 example 15 manipulating the stack 15 roll down 17 stack 13 swap 18 S Safe interest rate 41 saving storing modifying 86 Scientific notation 11 Statistics a slope for linear model 71 b y intercept for linear model 71 covariance 71 data entry sub menus 70 example 72 maximum and minimum 71 median 71 number of items 70 one variable 70 population standard deviation for X and Y 71 predictions for X and Y 71 quartile 71 resetting items to defaults 74 sample error for X and Y 71 standard deviation X and Y 70 Statistics menu 69 two variable 70 X mean 70 Y mean 7
29. Display Description Enters program mode The first program is Fram GH selected INPUT Starts editing program O Note the counter shows your current position in the program We have entered a program that takes 8 the currently displayed number raises it to the 3rd power and multiplies it by 4 3 of L4 PI EN Math J INPUT Math INPUT Memory ANS STOP The STOP instruction tells the calculator RCL that the program is ending Note that to HOLD E enter that special instruction you need to press and hold the shift key then press the CL key STOP before releasing both keys Programming 77 Keys Display Description Quits program editing mode Note that program O uses 13 bytes and has a checksum of 104 Checksum is a number that verifies the program data is correct You must be set in FIX 3 or higher to see the full checksum If your number does not match that shown verify your FIX setting is set for 3 or higher If three digits are showing and the number differs from that shown the program has been keyed in incorrectly Enters the number 5 the sphere radius and executes program O The result the volume of the sphere is 523 6 We press twice the first press completes the entry of the 5 after all we could have been in the process of entering an equation such as 5 2 The second press runs the program Program Step O INPUT
30. EL DEL DEL Display TSF TEDE ULLA le Pr pav Description Year for which to calculate the depreciation Year 1 is the default value To calculate for a year other than 1 type a number and press l Depreciation of the asset in year one Remaining book value after year one Remaining depreciable value after year one The next year for which to calculate the depreciation To calculate for a year other than 2 type a number and press Depreciation of the asset in year two Remaining book value after year two Remaining depreciable value after year two To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the Depreciation menu TO INPUT displayed press With Depreciation displayed press to reset the menu ON CE ONCE or to cancel Press to exit the menu 68 Depreciation 12 Statistical Operations 28 DWN y items 2 Vars DWN Only Sums Quartiles y items 2 y items 2 Vars Only Vars Only Descriptive Predictions 2 Vars Only INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT Press Leur to select a x b a Ln x b b e a x Min x Mean b x4 a x b ax2 bx c y Mean x Median x Q3 x Population P e y Min x Max DWN y Population C S E Samp x ax2 bx c only y Median Correlation SEU Not ax bx c Covariance Not ax bx c y Max y Q1 i i i o Figure 1 T
31. HP 20b Business Consultant HP 30b Business Professional Financial Calculator User s Guide HP Part Number NW238 90001 Edition 1 December 2009 Legal Notice This manual and any examples contained herein are provided as is and are subject to change without notice Hewlett Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability non infringement and fitness for a particular purpose In this regard HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained in the manual Hewlett Packard Company shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this manual or the examples contained herein Copyright 2009 Hewlett Packard Development Company L P Reproduction adaptation or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett Packard Company except as allowed under the copyright laws Hewlett Packard Company 16399 West Bernardo Drive MS 66M 785 San Diego CA 92127 1899 USA HP 20b Business Consultant HP 20b Business Consultant D 16 a 14 E ao 13 12 2 N VYR PMT HP 30b Business Professional Keyboard Map Legend Number Feature Number Feature 2 line alphanumeric scrolling 9 Common Mathematical display screen functions a
32. If an expression has more than 12 digits or if an operation returns a result with more than 12 digits the calculator automatically displays scientific notation Figure 1 Scientific Notation in FIX 2 Mode Mathematical Calculations 11 Chain Mode Calculations in Chain mode are interpreted in the order in which they are entered For example entering the following numbers and operations as written from left to right 1 IL 2 ETT returns 9 See Figure 2 Figure 2 Calculation in Chain Mode NOTE if you press an operator key after E the calculation is continued using the currently displayed value In Chain mode if you wish to override the left to right order of entry use parentheses DEC to prioritize operations For example to calculate 1 2 x 3 you may enter the problem as written from left to right with parentheses to prioritize the multiplication operation See Table 2 1 below Table 2 1 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in Chain Mode Keys Display Description Sets operational priority inputs numbers too o Vi cba Lew unu Bc Adds 1 to 6 and returns 7 00 on the bottom E Algebraic Mode To set the calculator in Algebraic mode refer to the section titled The Mode Menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 1 In Algebraic mode multiplication and division have a higher priority than addition and subtraction For example in Algebraic mode pressing re
33. OWED BY LOCAL LAW ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF MERCHANTABILITY SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE EXPRESS WARRANTY SET FORTH ABOVE Some countries states or provinces do not allow limitations on the duration of an implied warranty so the above limitation or exclusion might not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you might also have other rights that vary from country to country state to state or province to province TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE IN NO EVENT WILL HP OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR DATA OR OTHER DAMAGE WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE Some countries States or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND THE WARRANTY TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS STATEMENT EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED DO NOT EXCLUDE RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND ARE IN ADDITION
34. Regulatory and Contact Information Contact www hp com support 6272 5300 www hp com support 0800980410 00798 862 0305 913753382 1 800 711 2884 1 800 478 4602 1 800 711 2884 01 800 711 2884 156 800 711 2884 www hp com support 08 5199 2065 022 827 8780 022 827 8780 01 439 5358 022 56 5308 00801 86 1047 2 353 9000 1 800 711 2884 www hp com support www hp com support 01 800 711 2884 www hp com support 0207 458 0161 0004 054 177 1 800 711 2884 800 HP INVENT 0 800 474 68368 0 800 HP INVENT Table 15 1 Contact Information Country Region Contact Vietnam 65 6272 5300 Vi t Nam Zambia www hp com support Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information 99 Pg DHESEHEWEELEISGSPESR BEHA RBIEBIESSOPERS ames Ho Cd AWE SRR SAIM Cr VI PBB PBDE PCA x 0 0 Amp Bs EM EGEEPEBISES 11363 2006 FRATHREBRAT X amp T RRS SMRS ERS FAS SRVAPHS BAY SIT11363 2006 ZoneX BHBETEHSSEBROHSZ TALS ARB 2003 RF SFSSESTRAS RSH SSM 52002 95 Sit 100 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information Symbols A Algebraic mode 12 Amortization 29 Amortization menu 29 creating a schedule 31 menu and menu items 30 resetting menu to defaults 32 Angular mode degrees or radians 3 Annunciators 6 Battery low battery symbol 1 replacing the b
35. Reset is used Inputs 360 30 times 12 payments per year as the number of payments for the 30 year loan Inputs 10 as the interest rate percentage per year SEE Inputs the value of the loan at the time of the first payment RAND o FV Inputs O as the future value of the loan zero balance Calculates the monthly payment Amort Displays the number of periods to group together mld ui in the amortization schedule Default is the current value of P YR wj Displays the first period of the group of periods to amortize Displays the current balance remaining after the Balance first year r7 C ALL 1 wj Displays the current amount of the principal applied towards loan for first year aW 3 pa Time Value of Money 31 Table 3 4 Amortization Example Keys Display Description Displays the amount of interest paid on the loan Lnbkerezk for the first year The amount of your payments applied towards interest for the first year is about 14 000 00 DEL Displays the first payment in the next period to amortize the second year Note that the 3i calculator automatically updates Start to the next group of periods to amortize To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the Amortization menu displayed press With TVM displayed press At the TVM Reset prompt INPU press t
36. Sy Me e cM busto A C ATP NTAN 6 Equals CY o 6 Using ihe Inputand Equals Keys obese iui ias Tape T e 6 Editing and Clearing Ker oh pube nix 7 C Ete MEN T Tem 7 Reser MENU soren E I S LLL 7 Notes about Special Menus ion vss ober Eat e ie es 8 Memory and the Memory ne hhenen inh n eene nnne rne 8 Accessing Menus and Meng fe Ap deem api te 8 2 Mathematical Calculations 22 2 11 Micihemalcdl oe aeneus mc td eetest ates ed esae ain adv qur li buc ed uer tE UAE 11 Number Entry and 5 ase 11 SCE MOTO 12 Algerie DOGS Ste ne tuat tne eee ne testem dois 12 Reverse Polish Notation RPN Mode 13 Mae RPN etui A RU d MIU RI itt DEED A DII MD ME 13 Fok WR UTE EE ENTE TEE TIN TET A E E E TT 14 One Number Functions and the Math Menu ssssssssee ee 18 Random D tefie 19 Ehe Maint ssa ec n Daa tate a Reuben uito cto qa PIE bte td Dd ot 19 T
37. TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU Regulatory Information Federal Communications Commission Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmtul interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interterence will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment 92 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio or television technician for help Modifications The FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications made to this device that are not expressly approved by Hewlett Packard Company may vo
38. a cash flow in the same manner with CF n displayed Pressing with a cash flow displayed erases the displayed cash flow Pressing mm inserts a cash flow into the list before the displayed cash flow Note that the values for the number of cash flows occurring for a given year CF Yr Investment interest rate Inv 1 and safe interest rate Safe 1 can be entered in both the NPV and IRR menus Key in the desired number or rate followed by with the item displayed The other items are then calculated internally Modified Internal Rate of Return MIRR and Financial Management Rate of Return FMRR For the cash flow example you entered in Table 5 2 edit the cash flows using the cash flow amounts and number of occurrences shown in Table 5 5 below For the initial cash flow CF 0 enter 1 250 000 In the IRR menu enter 8 for investment interest rate and 5 as a safe rate Verity the number of cash flows per year CF Yr is set to 1 The results for MIRR and FMRR are shown in Table 5 6 This example was calculated in Algebraic mode Table 5 5 Cash Flow Cash Flow Amount Occurrences Number 300 000 00 200 000 00 450 000 00 200 000 00 00 000 00 300 000 00 500 000 00 NICIO BR OJIN Does not apply to the HP 20b 44 Cash Flows Keys Display Description Opens the IRR menv Displays the IRR for the cash flow Optional Verifies one cash flow list per year as per exam
39. a cash flow is repeated multiple times using ZCF n instead of entering the cash flow value multiple times saves calculation time and memory space in the calculator CshFl hFl To enter a cash flow list press to open the cash flow menu INPUT For each cash flow item first enter the monetary value followed by then enter the number of occurrences followed by input INPUT If a cash flow occurs once you do not need to type Simply press Or as 1 is the default Cash Flows 37 To erase a cash flow list with any cash flow displayed press mm The number of cash flows in the list is displayed on the bottom line along with Cash Flow At this prompt press INPUT INPUT You will be asked to confirm your choice Either press to confirm the reset or to cancel Table 5 1 lists the keys used for cash flow problems For a cash flow example see Table 5 2 Table 5 1 Cash Flow Keys Key Description Opens the cash flow list INPUT Inputs new values for variables in the cash flow list the Net Present Value NPV menu and the Internal Rate of Return IRR menu Scrolls up and down Inserts cash flows into a cash flow list INS E Removes cash flows from a cash flow list DEL IRR Opens the Internal Rate of Return IRR and Net Present Value NPV menus Cash Flow Example After an initial investment of 80 000 00 CF 0 you expect returns over the next five years as follows C
40. able value 67 resetting items to defaults 68 salvage 67 start 67 Straight line 66 Sum ofthe years digits 66 values required 66 year 67 Discounted payback 41 Display contrast 2 degree or radian 3 precision and number format 3 two line 1 Error messages 89 FMRR 41 example 44 Insert and delete keys 38 Interest Conversion Interest Conversion menu 33 resetting the menu to defaults 34 using P YR and C YR 33 Internal rate of return 41 Investment Rate 41 Key ANS last operation last number 19 change sign 11 cosine 19 equals 6 factorial 19 input key 6 insert and delete 38 LN natural log 19 natural exponent 19 On CE 7 parentheses 12 presses 4 random function 19 recall 24 reciprocal 19 round 19 scientific notation 11 secondary functions 4 shift key 4 sine 19 square 19 square root 19 store 24 tangent 19 up and down scroll keys 2 key instructions 76 key presses 75 Keyboard map and legend v Language selecting a 1 Margin See Percent Calculation menu 61 Markup See Percent Calculation menu 61 Math Math menu 18 Menu Black Scholes menu 51 Bond menu 47 Breal even menu 59 Data menu 70 Date Calculation menu 57 Depreciation menu 65 Math menu 19 Mode menu setting preferences and number format 2 NPV and IRR menus 41 Percent Calculation menu 61 Reset menu 7 Statistics menu 70 Time Value of Money keys 27 messages 84 MIRR 41 example 44 mode settings 86 Net Future Value 41 Net Present Value
41. arting with memory 1 Mem 1 When a memory item is displayed you can key in a new number and modify the value of the memory by pressing FEX For more information about storing and recalling numbers refer to the section titled Storing and Recalling Numbers in Chapter 2 The Cash Flow and Statistics data share the same memory and are limited to a combined total of 50 memory slots The number displayed with Memory refers to the number of remaining memory slots When the cash flow or statistics items are displayed a number also appears on the bottom line This number indicates the number of memory slots used by the cash flow or statistical data 290 bytes are available for programs The Prgm menu item displays the number of bytes used INPUT Press on the Cash Flow Statistic or Prgm menu item to erase the associated data Since entering data in these menus can represent a significant amount of work you will be asked to confirm your choice At the Del Data Del Prgm or Del CF prompts press INPUT lo confirm Or to cancel Accessing Menus and Menu Maps 8 Many of the calculator s functions are located within menus To access a menu press the key or secondary function key combination for the menu in which you wish to work To exit a ON CE menu press oF For example to access the Break even menu press Only applies to the HP 30b Basic Features Once opened you can scroll through the items in
42. ash Flow Cash Flow Amount Occurrences Number 1 5 000 00 1 2 4 500 00 1 3 0 00 1 4 4 000 00 1 5 5 000 00 5 6 115 000 00 1 Given this information calculate the total of the cash flows and the internal rate of return IRR of the investment Calculate net present value NPV and net future value NFV assuming annual investment interest rate of 10 5 See Figure 1 for the cash flow diagram and Table 5 2 for how to enter the cash flows The example is calculated with RPN as the active operating mode 38 Cash Flows Table 5 2 Cash Flow Example Keys 8 o0 1 INPUT Lar EJ Memory Display CFI 2 CFIS Description Opens the cash flow list Inputs 80000 as the monetary value of the initial cash flow Note the sign of the cash outflow is negative Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF 0 Displays the current monetary value of CF 1 Inputs 5000 as the monetary value of CF 1 Displays the current value 1 for the number of times CF 1 occurs Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF 1 Displays the current monetary value of CF 2 Inputs 4500 as the monetary value of CF 2 Displays the current value 1 for the number of times CF 2 occurs Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF 2 Displays the current monetary value of CF 3 Accepts 0 as the monetary value of CF 3 Displays the current value 1 for the number of times CF 3
43. atteries 91 Black Scholes Black Scholes menu 52 call price 53 dividend 53 example 54 put price 53 resetting menu items to defaults 56 risk free interest rate 53 signature return 53 Stock price 53 strike price 53 time to maturity 53 Bond accrued interest 48 Bond menu 48 calendars 48 call 48 coupon rate 48 example 49 maturity date 48 price 48 resetting menu to defaults 50 settlement date 48 yield 48 Bond annual semiannual 48 Bond type Annual Semiannual 4 Break even Break even menu 59 example 59 resetting menu items to defaults 60 Business problems see Percent Calculation menu 61 C Calculation mode Chain Algebraic RPN setting preferences 3 changing the 4 Calendar setting Actual or Cal 360 4 cash 38 Cash flow analyzing with IRR and NPV 41 diagram description of 27 editing 41 erasing lists and resetting to defaults 38 example 38 IRR and NPV menu items 41 keys used 38 lists 37 sample cash flow diagrams 46 Chain mode 12 checksum 78 Combinations 21 D Date calculation example 57 Date Calculation menu 57 resetting menu items to defaults 58 setting format for 3 debugging 85 Decimal comma or point setting preferences 3 Default settings see Mode menu 2 Depreciation cost 677 Declining balance 66 Declining balance crossover 66 Depreciation menu 66 example 67 factor 67 French amortization 66 French Straight line 66 life 67 methods 66 remaining book value 67 remaining depreci
44. ayment frequency Press to toggle between these options Does not apply to the HP 20b 48 Bonds Bond Calculation Example What price should you pay on April 28 2010 for a 6 75 U S Treasury bond maturing on June 4 2020 if you want a yield of 4 75 Assume the bond is calculated on a semiannual coupon payment on an actual actual basis See Table 6 2 The example below is calculated with RPN as the active operating mode Table 6 2 Bond Calculation Example Key Display Description Opens the Bond menu zebblemer were Leben Scrolls to bond coupon payment INS Annual frequency Selects semiannual coupon payment LEJ UUJ er JL 1 UJ Lan INPUT LES Le US U JU JUI INPUT Memory JEJES EH INPUT DEL zaemi Anm ekbklemer Habuit ED oL as required by the example Inputs April 28 2010 for the settlement date mm ddyyyy formot Inputs June 4 2020 for the maturity date Inputs 6 75 for the value for Displays current call value Default is 100 Note if Call requires another value key in the number followed by Memory J Y Inputs 4 75 for Yield Calculates the current value for Price Bonds Table 6 2 Bond Calculation Example Key DEL Display Description Stores 115 89 in memory 1 Price uL Cog E Displays the current value for accrued inte
45. certain times throughout the period The arrows length is proportional to the cash flow amount each arrow represents a longer arrow indicates a larger amount a shorter arrow a smaller amount Each arrow s position on the line represents the time at which the cash flow occurs The orientation of the arrow up or down represents the direction of the cash flow up for money received down for money paid out See Figure 1 PV Loan amount Beg End For payments occurring at the money received is beginning or end of the compounding period positive i d E P YR Payments per year 8 8 8 e 8 8 PMT Amount paid out in Number of payments FV Final loan a payments at regular or periods value if any intervals Figure 1 Cash Flow Diagram Example with Corresponding TVM Keys The TVM functions of the calculator can solve problems with at least one cash flow and problems in which all the cash flows except the first and last are of the same value To solve other types of cash flows refer to Chapter 4 Canadian Mortgages TVM Canada or Chapter 5 Cash Flows Time Value of Money 27 Figure 1 illustrates a cash flow diagram and how the data in the diagram corresponds to the TVM keys For a complete list of keys used for TVM problems along with their descriptions see Table 3 1 To save values for the TVM variables enter the desired number followed by the corresponding TVM key To calculate an u
46. change the setting if the active mode is not what your problem requires For more information on the Mode menu and calculator settings refer to the section titled The Mode Menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 Table 2 4 lists one number functions along with their corresponding keys 18 Mathematical Calculations Table 2 4 Shifted Function Mathematical Operations Keys 20 m 20 Description Calculates sine Calculates cosine Calculates tangent Calculates natural log Calculates natural exponent to the power of x Calculates square of x Calculates square root Executes the Random function Returns a random number in the range O x 1 Calculates factorial of x where 253 lt x x 253 The Gamma function is used to calculate x for non integers or negative numbers Calculates the reciprocal In Chain or Algebraic mode recalls the result of the last operation In RPN mode returns the content of the Last Number variable Rounds x to the number specified by the display format Random number Press to generate a randomly distributed number between O and 1 ROL BE Type a number and press mm to store a new seed for random number generation The Math Menu There are additional functions available in the Math menu To open the Math menu press See Figure 8 for the menu map of the Math menu Mathematical Cal
47. culations 19 DWN Trigonometry FDWN4 Hyperbolic F DWN Probability FDWN INPUT INPUT INPUT IP Absolute ome ow on LTND LTND COSH TANH DWN Chi COSH DWN N Chi F Distribution 1 Distribution Binomial Hi Figure 8 The Menu Map for the Math Menu Press to scroll through the menu items starting with Trigonometry The Trigonometry Hyperbolic and Probability items have sub menus Press on any of these items to access the functions within the sub menus Press to scroll through the functions IP and FP functions are not available on the HP 20b 20 Mathematical Calculations Press to cancel the Math menu and return to current work Press to return to the top of the Math menu For example using the math menu calculate Sin 0 5 see Table 2 5 Table 2 5 Math Menu Example Keys Display Description Enters 0 5 and opens the Math menu starting INPUT INPUT TriBonome RPN with Trigonometry Selects the Trigonometry sub menu and scrolls to INPUT Thy er ee RPN Sin Note the value for Sin is calculated nnn immediately and displayed INPUT Validates the result In the Math menu PI does not perform calculations it enters PI for calculations You may start an operation use the Math menu to execute a function and continue calculating with your original operation without losing your work The Probability Sub menu Lo
48. culator If you are interested in programming the calculator you will need to place the overlay on your keyboard before getting started Key Presses for Program Instructions Enter the Program menu by pressing tollowed by E The instructions specific to programming illustrated on the overlay are inserted by pressing um and simultaneously pressing the key with the desired programming instruction Then release both keys before pressing any additional keys for your program In the following chapter this combination is represented in the following manner This sequence is identical to using the shift key on a computer keyboard to invoke the shifted function For reference the table on the following page lists the keys along with their associated programming instructions Programming 75 Table 13 1 Programming Key Instructions 73 gt TS m m HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD Equal to Not equal to Less than Less than or equal to Greater than or Greater than equal to GOTO GOTOT GOTOF LBL STOP E GIEZZDOt HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD GOIO GOTO if True if False Label Stop R S DSE ISG E E E HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD Display Decrement Increment Run Stop skip if lt skip if gt CALL RETURN MSG SOLVE 4 LB 9 EA or HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD HOLD Debug Call Return Message Solve All programming key combinations listed in the above table require you to press the m k
49. d the environment For more 94 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling please contact your local city office your household waste disposal service or the shop where you purchased the product Perchlorate Material special handling may apply This calculator s Memory Backup battery may contain perchlorate and may require special handling when recycled or disposed in California Customer Care In addition to the one year hardware warranty your HP calculator also comes with one year of technical support If you need assistance HP customer care can be reached by either email or telephone Before calling please locate the call center nearest you from the list below Have your proof of purchase and calculator serial number ready when you call Telephone numbers are subject to change and local and national telephone rates may apply A complete list is available on the web at www hp com support Contact Information Table 15 1 Contact Information Country Region Contact Algeria www hp com support Anguila 1 800 711 2884 Antigua 1 800 711 2884 Argentina 0 800 555 5000 Aruba 800 8000 800 711 2884 Austria Osterreich 01 360 277 1203 Bahamas 1 800 711 2884 Barbados 1 800 711 2884 Belgique Francais 02 620 00 85 Belgium English 02 620 00 86 Bermuda 1 800 711 2884 Bolivia 800 100 193 Botswana www hp com support Brazil Brasil 0 800 709 7751 Bri
50. dividend for each y value For more information about entering data in the Data menu see Chapter 12 Statistical Operations Table 7 2 Historical Asset Dividend y Price x 80 3 85 5 78 1 72 O Open the Black Scholes menu Use the arrow keys or 4 to scroll through the With the menu item displayed key in the value in the right column of the table followed by Table 7 3 Menu item Value Stock Price 74 Strike Price 72 Time to Maturity 0 3 years Risk Free 5 Volatility 8 21 Dividend 2 73 54 Black Scholes Calculation Menu Table 7 4 Black Scholes Example Keys Display Description Opens the Data menu Al Inputs 80 for x and 3 for y 8 5 INPUT 7 8 INPUT 7 2 JL JL Memory _ o INPUT _ HOLD Inputs 85 for x and 5 for y Inputs 78 for x and 1 for y Inputs 72 for x and O for y Opens Black Scholes menu 4 Inputs 74 for Stock Price Scrolls to Strike DEL 7 2 INPUT Can LLL DEL INPUT Memory 5 J weur Inputs 72 for Strike Price Scrolls to Time to Maturity Inputs O 3 years for Time to Maturity Scrolls to Risk Free 6 Inputs 5 for Risk Free Scrolls to Volatility Black Scholes Calculation Menu 55 Table 7 4 Black Scholes Example Keys Display Description a Calculates the standard deviation of the ANS mo
51. dly to scroll through the items shown in Figure 1 To change the value of the displayed item key in a number or a date and press ETE Once you have entered all known data Press or repeatedly to scroll to an unknown item and press to calculate it Table 6 1 lists the items in the Bond menu Table 6 1 Bond Menu 5 Variable Description Settlement Date Settlement date Displays the current settlement date Note input only Maturity Date Maturity date or call date The call date must coincide with a coupon date Displays the current maturity Note input only CPN Coupon rate stored as an annual Note input only Call Call value Default is set for a call price per 100 00 face value A bond at maturity has a call value of 100 of its face value Note input only Yield Yield to maturity or yield to call date for given price Note input output Price Price per 100 00 face value for a given yield Note input output Accrued Interest accrued from the last coupon or payment date until the settlement date for a given yield Note this item is Read only Mod Duration Modified duration for the bond This is a measure of bond price sensitivity to yield changes Macaulay D Macaulay Duration for the bond This is a measure of bond price sensitivity to yield changes Actual Cal 360 Actual 365 day calendar or Cal 360 30 day month 360 day year calendar Press to toggle between these options Annual Semiannual Bond coupon p
52. e asset or for an asset with a 5 year life 5 4 3 2 1 15 DecBal Declining balance is an accelerated depreciation method that presumes an asset will lose the majority of its value during the first few years of its useful life DBXover Declining balance crossover is an accelerated depreciation method that presumes an asset will lose the majority of its value in the first few years of its useful life but that it will revert to a consistent depreciation during the latter part of its life which is then calculated using the straight line method French SL Straight line French This method of depreciation is similar to the Straight line method except an actual calendar date in mm dd format is entered in for Start to indicate when the asset was first placed into service Amort F French amortization This method is an accelerated depreciation method with a crossover to the French Straight Line method 66 Depreciation Table 11 2 Depreciation Menu Items Description Life The expected useful life of the asset in years Start Start refers to the date or month in which the asset is first placed into service Depending on the type of depreciation this can be the month 1 12 or in the case of French Straightline and Amort F the actual date in the selected format Note for non French depreciations if the asset was placed into service in the middle of March for example enter 3 5 for Start Cost The depreciable cost of the a
53. e calculated automatically Press a or repeatedly to scroll to view the items An option is a contract between two parties giving party A the option to buy or sell an asset trom to party B at a given price The Black Scholes model is used to calculate an estimated fair market price for that option meaning that it calculates the fair price that someone would pay to buy or sell the option to later buy or sell an asset at a given price The asset or stock that the option refers to is often called the underlying asset The Black Scholes calculation is based on the contract terms i e the price and date at which the underlying asset can be sold or bought the quality of the asset itself its price volatility and return on investment and the other available alternatives such as storing your asset in a safe investment account for example Intuitively if the option is to buy a stock at 10 and the stock is already worth 30 and has little volatility the value of the option is close to 30 10 20 plus or minus other risk factors Table 7 1 lists the Black Scholes menu items along with their descriptions 52 Black Scholes Calculation Menu Table 7 1 Item Stock price input Strike price input Time to maturity input Risk free input Volatility input Dividend input Call price output Put price output Description Current underlying asset price Predetermined price at which the option agrees to
54. e effective interest rate for 12 nominal interest rate with 12 E per year in the Interest Conversion IConv menu To open the IConv menu press WR Nom displays on the top line and the current value assigned to the nominal 6 Basic Features interest rate is displayed on the bottom line With this screen displayed press INPUT to input a new value for the nominal rate Press followed by to calculate the value for effective rate See Figure 4 EFF Z 0 UL m LLL Figure 4 When an item for which the key is valid displays the small annunciator 2 is displayed on the top line at the right of the screen Do not confuse this small annunciator 2 with the larger annunciator 2 found to the right of a variable When an item for which the key is valid displays the INPUT annunciator is displayed on the top line at the right of the screen Editing and Clearing Entries The On CE Key ONICE Pressing one time cancels current number entries mathematical operations or a menu selection in that order Pressing repeatedly when performing multiple operations cancels one operation at a time from the latest to the earliest The Reset Menu The Reset menu allows you to reset some or all of the menu items variables and registers to their default values To open the Reset menu press displays on the top line Press or repeatedly to scroll to a specific item To valida
55. eases the contrast of the display Basic Features I Cursor When you enter a number the cursor _ blinks in the display and indicates you are in number entry mode Two Line Display There are two lines in the display screen as shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Display Screen The top line of the screen displays operation status operator symbols annunciators and abbreviations of the variables and menu names Throughout this manual this line is referred to as the top line In Figure 1 SIN is on the top line The bottom line displays numbers you have entered or results Throughout this manual this line is referred to as the bottom line When no operations have been entered and no operations are pending the bottom line of the screen displays 0 00 This state of the calculator is referred to as the default calculator screen The Mode Menu Setting Preferences 2 The Mode menu allows you to customize the calculator To access the Mode menu press repeatedly to scroll through the menu starting with FIX 2 the number of digits displayed to the right of the decimal point Once an item is displayed INPUT press to cycle through the other options for that setting To exit the Mode menu press es Table 1 1 lists the items in the Mode menu Basic Features Table 1 1 Mode Menu Settings Setting top line FIX 2 Degree or Radian Date mm ddyyyy or dd mmyyyy 1 23 or 1 23 1000 00 1 00
56. ers smaller than 10 you must type the O first such as 03 LBL 3 For example HOLD creates label 03 in your program You can then use a GOTO 03 instruction to jump to that label trom any location in your program to the position of the label GOTOT Go To If True and GOTOF Go To If False will only jump if the current displayed number is non O true for GOTOT or O false for GOTOF Used together these instructions allow you to create programs like the following 8 LBL 01 DISP 5 0 STOP Use the following keystrokes to enter the program LBL Ke a HOLD DISP HOLD e 2 GOTOT BBLS STOP 4 This program has 13 bytes and the checksum is 234 This program counts from eight to zero displaying each number 1 second Programming 81 Note e Label numbers must be unique Only one label with a given number can exist in the calculator e You can jump from one program to another if you know that there is a specific label number in another program e Usethetests 4 lt lt 9 and the top row of keys to verity if two numbers are equal different and strictly or not strictly greater or smaller These are dual operator operands and are used in the same way as addition or multiplication in Algebraic and Chain modes number number2 and in RPN mode number number2 are used in that they return O if false and 1 if true Note that in RPN mode the tes
57. ey and HOLD it while simultaneously pressing the desired program instruction The instructions are described in more detail in the following pages Almost any function you perform with the calculator can be programmed A program allows you to repeat an algorithm or sequence of commands without having to retype all the keys each time you want to use that particular function 6 Programming Programming Example The following programming example and all examples in this chapter were written with Chain or Algebraic set as the operating mode Since a program executes the keys exactly as if you were manually pressing them the current operating mode affects how the program executes If you normally operate in RPN verify your operating mode is set to either Chain or Algebraic before proceeding so you can follow along with the examples below For more information about setting the operating mode refer to the section titled The Mode Menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 Basic Features The volume of a sphere is represented by the equation inr We will create a program that can calculate the volume of a sphere without having to retype all the keys each time you wish to calculate the volume of a given sphere Verify your FIX setting is set for three digits to the right of the decimal point For more information on the FIX setting refer to the section titled The Mode Menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 Basic Features Table 13 2 Keys
58. ey with the secondary function printed on the bevel e third or tertiary functions are printed above specific keys on the keyboard To activate the tertiary function of a key press and hold and simultaneously press the key below the printed function Release both keys Primary Black S Function Tertiary function press SHIFT and the function key simultaneously shifted secondary Function Figure 2 Primary Secondary and Tertiary Key Functions In this manual key symbols of the commands are provided throughout the manual so you can follow along with the examples e primary functions are represented by the key symbol with the primary function e secondary key functions are represented by the shift key symbol followed by the key 7 with the secondary function For example to execute sine press a Note how the SIN portion of the key is highlighted while the 7 is grayed out This highlighting focuses on the function of the key that will be activated in a given command e Commands with a tertiary function are represented by the shift key symbol followed by the term HOLD followed by the key with the tertiary function For example to activate the Black Scholes d feature shown above press When is active the down arrow annunciator appears on screen indicating that the next key pressed will execute the secondary function of the key To cancel an accidental pres
59. for b x 5 for b a 6 for a x b and 7 for ax bx c is 1 if thousands separators not visible 2 if they are visible V is 1 for 2 variable statistics 2 for 1 variable and 3 for 1 variable frequency RGL 4 AS When using anj any illegal value is ignored and this setting will not change For example 4 ROL mm will switch to RPN mode No other setting will change 86 Programming Solve The solve key is not programmable but it is a powerful addition to the calculator functionality The solve function utilizes HP Solve a feature unique to HP calculators which allows you to find a number for a variable that will cause a program to return a O This can be used to solve complex equations For example if you want to solve x y 0 1 and edit program 2 STOP C3 free 73 52 fe 22 C23 Fa HOLD enter program var1 var2 fonce RCL f 4 Press to exit Store 3 into variable 2 by pressing wwe Press and note that Prgrm 2 is selected as the calculator displays the program that was last edited For verification this program has 11 bytes and the checksum 199 SOLVE Press HOLD to solve for variable 2 The calculator will attempt to tind what value in variable 2 would cause the program to result in O In this case the result is 27 1 RCL Now store 10 into variable
60. g the data is a sampling of a large more complete data set Standard error for the sample y a measure of the dispersion of y mean assuming the data is a sampling of a large more complete data set Predicts X for a given hypothetical value of y based upon the model calculated to fit the data Predicts y for a given hypothetical value of X based upon the model calculated to fit the data The a coefficient for the chosen regression model which is the slope for a linear model The b coefficient for the chosen regression model which is the y intercept for a linear model The coefficient for the chosen regression model applies only for ax bx c The correlation coefficient for the given x y data The correlation coefficient is a number in the range 1 through 1 that measures how closely the calculated line fits the data A measure of how much two variables change in relation to one another The sum of the x values The sum of the y values The sum of the squares of the x values The sum of the squares for the y values The sum of the products of the x and y values The boundaries of a given frequency distribution divided into four parts The middle value in a given frequency distribution The largest value in a given frequency distribution The lowest value in a given frequency distribution Does not apply to the HP 20b Statistical Operations 71 Statistics Example Sales for the last five months a
61. g your phone while you were writing an email it s hard for us but computers are good at stacking tasks in this way Enter a call function the same way you enter a GOTO function 82 Programming Other Programming Functions DISP HOLD DISP takes a number that represents 1 5 of a second DISP5 is thus one second STOP HOLD STOP Stops the execution of the program This instruction should be placed at the end of every program RIS HOLD R S Pauses the program execution and returns to the normal system R S You can then resume program execution by pressing again This can be used for example when you need to enter a number DSE ISG sg HOLD DSE lt and HOLD ISG gt followed by 1 digit O to 9 Loop control function Place a number of the form ccccc eeeii where cccc is the counter eee is the end value for the counter and ii is the increment in variable 1 For example DSE 1 will decrement the counter part of the variable by ii if ii is O it decrements by 1 and if cccc is less or equal to eee it will skip the next instruction usually a GOTO For example to loop from O to 50 incrementing by 3 each loop use 0 05003 as start the value and the ISG instruction The following program will loop from 0 50 incrementing by 3 each loop and pause shortly at each loop to show the counter At the end it will leave 12 with a blinking cursor Once in Program mode select an unused progra
62. he Menu Map for the Statistics Menu ax bx c and Quartiles do not apply to the HP 20b Statistical Operations 69 The Data and Stats Menus Statistics analysis functions are located in the Data and Statistics menus accessible with the and keys See Figure 1 for assistance with navigating through the Menus Press mm to open the Data menv In this menu enter a list of x values for one variable statistics a list of pairs x F for one variable statistics with frequency or a list of pairs x y for two variable statistics To enter data key in a number and press to analyze the data If you attempt to open the Statistics Stats menu before entering data you will be redirected to the Data menu When opened the Stats menu INPUT displays 2 Vars for two variable statistics Press repeatedly to select the type of statistical operations desired two variable 2 Vars one variable 1 Var or one variable with frequency 1 Freq After selecting the type of statistical operation you want select a sub menu by pressing a INPUT 4 or 4 open it Once sub menu press or repeatedly to view the results To return trom the sub menu to the Statistics menu press NOTE in one variable modes there are no items for y and the Predictions sub menu is not available INPUT E Pressing with the Predictions sub menu displayed opens a sub menu in wh
63. he Probability SUE TOFU 21 Binomial EE E R OE 23 FUNCHONS pee EN EE AO 23 Storing and Recalling Numbers 24 Recall Ar ihme 24 Storing and Recalling with Time Value of Money TVM Keys 24 Recalling a Menu ltem Value in a Menu ssssssssssssem e eene 25 Recalling and Storing Values in the Data and Cash Flow 25 Rounding eendi enee E A REN AE 25 PEICENIOGSS ate TET 25 3 Time or EE AEE 27 Time Value of Money KeyS ccccccccsseccceeeseeeeeeeeaeeeeceseseeeeeeeseseeeeeeeseneneeeeees 27 29 Interest ConvefsionmMIellU casus Bg 4 Canadian Mortgages TVM Canada eeeeeee serere eene eee eene 35 Canadian Mortgage Example 4 E 36 5 COSI ROWS m 37 Cash Flow EXeIipleis scatet RID CN CQ A pM E M ES 38 Sample Cash Flow Diagrams rait PP ev tasa updised rts 46 BOWS m M PR 47 IneBond MENU 48 7 Black Scholes Calculation Menv ecce 51 The Biaek Scholes Mee us dies V Sau UIS dto ate MD res Ud exa UM i een
64. holes option pricing model Moditied Internal Rate of Return MIRR Financial Management Rate of Return FMRR and programming capabilities When features apply only to a particular model they will be identified throughout the manual with an asterisk Turning the Calculator On and Off To turn on your calculator press caj To turn it off press caj Turning the calculator off does not erase any data The calculator automatically turns itself off after approximately five minutes to conserve energy If you see the low battery symbol E 1 in the display replace the batteries See the Chapter 15 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information for instructions on replacing the batteries Selecting a Language English is the default language for messages displayed on the screen To select a language other than English 1 Press to access the Mode menu FIX displays on the top line of the screen 2 Press repeatedly until English displays on the screen 3 Press until the desired language is displayed The displayed language is the active setting to return to the default calculator screen 5 For more information on accessing menus and changing calculator settings refer to the section below titled The Mode Menu Setting Preferences Adjusting the Display Contrast To adjust the contrast of the display press and hold es while pressing the or keys Each press of the or keys slightly increases or decr
65. ian mortgage calculations See Chapter 4 Canadian Mortgages TVM Canada for more information INPUT Pressing toggles between these options Changing the Calculation Mode After viewing the default settings suppose you want to change the calculation mode from Chain to RPN See Table 1 2 Table 1 2 Changing the Calculation Mode Keys Display Description Opens the Mode menu starting with first setting Mode FI option FIX the number of digits displayed to the ann right of the decimal point Scrolls to the current setting for calculation Chain i mode Chain ESIES Press five times INPUT INPUT Selects RPN as the active setting Note the RPN annunciator to the right Press two times Exits the Mode menu and returns you to the OFF default calculator screen Key Presses the Shift Key Secondary and Tertiary Functions To execute the function associated with a key press and release the desired key However most of the calculators keys have more than one function the first or primary function the shitted or secondary function and in some cases a third or tertiary function see Figure 2 Tertiary functions do not apply to the HP 20b 4 Features The primary function is printed on the top of the key The secondary function is printed on the bevel of the key To activate the secondary function of a key press and release followed by the k
66. ich you can choose among seven different types of regression lines See Figure 1 To select a specific o n INPUT type of regression line in the Predictions sub menu press to cycle through the options NOTE if you press LH the calculator automatically selects the curve that is the best fit for your data Once you select a regression line press to see the regression line parameters and perform predictions Table 12 1 The Statistics Menu Items Menu ltem Description Nb Item Number of items X Mean Average of X values Y Mean Average of y values X Std Dev Standard deviation for X a measure of how dispersed the x data values are about the mean 70 Statistical Operations Table 12 1 The Statistics Menu Items Menu ltem y Std Dev X Population Dev y Population Dev S E Samp x S E Samp y Pred x Pred y C Correlation Covariance 2y xx xy Quartiles Median Maximum Minimum Description Standard deviation for y a measure of how dispersed the y data values are about the mean Population Standard deviation for x a measure of how dispersed the x data values are about the mean assuming the data constitutes a complete set of data Population Standard deviation for y a measure of how dispersed the y data values are about the mean assuming the data constitutes a complete set of data Standard error for the sample X a measure of the dispersion of X mean assumin
67. id the user s authority to operate the equipment Declaration of Conformity for Products Marked with FCC Logo United States Only This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions l This device may not cause harmful interference 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation It you have questions about the product that are not related to this declaration write to Hewlett Packard Company P O Box 692000 Mail Stop 530113 Houston TX 77269 2000 For questions regarding this FCC declaration write to Hewlett Packard Company P O Box 692000 Mail Stop 510101 Houston TX 77269 2000 or call HP at 281 514 3333 To identify your product refer to the part series or model number located on the product Canadian Notice This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Avis Canadien Cet appareil num rique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada European Union Regulatory Notice This product complies with the following EU Directives Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information 93 e Voltage Directive 2006 95 EC e Directive 2004 108 EC Compliance with these directives implies conformity to applicable harmonized European standards European Norms which are listed
68. l date To open the Date Bond Calculation menu press Press or repeatedly to scroll through the items shown in Figure 1 Before you enter dates verity the date is set in the format required for your problem Date and calendar formats may be set in the Mode menu The range of acceptable dates is October 15 1582 to December 31 9999 For more information on setting the preferences in the Mode Menu see the section titled The Mode menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 INPUT To change the value of a displayed item key in a number or a date and press uum Once you have entered all known data press or repeatedly to scroll to the unknown item and press to calculate it Date Calculation Example How many days remain in the 2010 fiscal year if today s date is June 4 2010 Assume the fiscal year ends on October 31st and you wish to calculate the actual number of days Actual Date Calculation 57 Table 8 1 Date Calculation Example Display Key E RAND BEI Hes Ea BENE 1 J o J INPUT _ Oss 11 Description Opens the Date Calculation menu NOTE 2 in the right of the display represents the day of the week 2 represents Tuesday Inputs the starting date in the selected format Inputs the ending date in the selected format Calculates the number of actual days between the starting and ending dates To reset the menu items to their default values with any
69. ll profitability of an investment Does not apply to the HP 20b Cash Flows 41 2 V lt Q dg 09 5 S Inv 1 IRR as Net PV Inv 190 Net FV Safe 196 DWN Net US DWN Payback FMRR Discounted Payback HCF Yr AJ A Total HCF Yr Figure 2 The Menu Maps for the NPV and IRR Menus Does not apply to the HP 20b 42 Cash Flows Keys Display Description Opens the NPV menu Inr Inputs 10 5 for investment rate Optional Verifies one cash flow list per year as per the example Displays the NPV of the cash flow with the given DEL DEL Inv 1 Displays the NFV of the cash flow with the given EL Inv 1 Displays the Net US of the cash flow with the DEL given interest rate Displays the number of periods required for the Payback cash flow to repay the investment JIZ Scrolls to the total value of the cash flow Displays the IRR for the cash flow Cash Flows 43 Editing Cash Flows In the cash flow list you can view and modify the current monetary value of a specific cash flow or cash flows Press or repeatedly to scroll through the list To modity the displayed entry type a new number and press E For example to change the current monetary value of the cash flow three CF 3 in the example in Table 5 2 from O to 200 with CF 3 displayed press tollowed by You can also modity the number of occurrences of
70. m number and press WWW et BS LBL DISP 0 5 INPUT 3 __ HOLD 9 ES E EE STOP ISG GOTO HOLD E HOLD HOLD This program has 22 bytes and the Checksum is 146 Programming 83 Messages The MSG function is used to display messages on screen it is especially useful when used R S En before halting the program with HOLD as it allows you to display messages on the screen for the user To enter a message while creating a program MSG Press Release both keys You now enter messages In this mode you may press or to select a character and HOLD or to jump 10 characters at a time Once you have found the desired character press INPUT to validate move to the next character Press to remove the last character There are also shortcuts for commonly used characters d Ad selects the corresponding numeric character Em selects ER selects ER are shortcuts for the corresponding mathematical operator signs selects space INPUT Once character appears press to validate Press to exit message entry If you want to modify a message that has been entered in a program select the message and MSG press message mode As an example using the message mode let s return to our sphere calculation program INPUT 1 opens the Program menu and you are now at step 1 of Program
71. nd Math Math menu 2 Time Value of Money keys 10 Program menu TVM RPN Swap Close parenthesis 3 Cash Flow IRR and NPV keys 11 Backspace key Reset menu Data and Statistics menus 12 Percent Percent calculation business and Date menus 5 Input key and Memory menu 13 Recall and Store 6 Insert and Delete scroll up l4 Black Scholes and Bond and down menus 7 Shift key 15 Amortization Depreciation menus 8 On Off Cancel 16 Annunciators Only applies to HP 30b Does not apply to the HP 20b vi Table of Contents legal Nol E T D MT i HP 20b BUSIHESSCOHSULGIIL iii HP 305 Business Prolessi onal iv Keyboard Map EET DE E OO ears V Features OI A 1 Welcome to your new HP Financial Calculator Turning the Calculator On and REIS RENI ep Tape dena tad E SEISC IAG Ch LONG WIGS e E TTE TE OTT LO TTE Adjusting the Display apto DR ed sans das UC M 2 E DET 2 The Mode Menu Setting enne 2 Changing the Calculation enti D amen fu 4 Key Presses the Shift Key Secondary and Tertiary 4 FAMINE IGOR fte M I
72. ness Problems 63 Table 10 3 Percent Change Example with Compounding Keys Display Description The current value of Change for the given Chanse data uc n INPUT Inputs 6 for the number of compounding Hb periods TN L 2 2 111 Cit Calculates the percent change between the old value and the new value over six compounding periods 3 30 is what of 80 Table 10 4 Part of Total Example Keys Display Description C Scrolls to the Part Total menu item Park INPUT 8 J o J INPUT _ Opens the Calc menu Opens the Part as Total sub menu Inputs 80 for Total Inputs 30 for Part INPUT Calculates the value of Part Total for Park the given data m un a hon To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the calc menu displayed ON CE INPUT press Reset E Calc displayed press to reset the menu or Er to cancel Press bos to exit the menu 64 Business Problems ll Depreciation Press to scroll through the options Sline SOYD DecBal DBXover French SI Amort F Life Start Cost Salvage Factor Year auto increment Depreciation DWN R Book Value R Depreciable Value Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Depreciation Menu Depreciation 65 The Depreciation Menu Press mm to open the Depreciation menu To select a depreciation meth
73. nknown value enter all known values and press the key of the item you want solved Table 3 1 TVM Keys Keys Description Stores or calculates the number of payments or compounding periods Multiplies a value by the number of payments per year and stores as N Stores or calculates the nominal annual interest rate Stores or calculates the present value PV To a lender or borrower PV is the amount of a loan to an investor PV is the initial investment PV always occurs at the beginning of the first period PMT Stores or calculates the amount of each periodic payment Stores the number of payments or compounding periods per year This value is 12 by default but it maintains its current entered value when TVM Reset is used Stores or calculates the future value FV a final cash flow FV always occurs at the end of the last compounding period Sets Begin mode BEG Payments occur at the beginning of each compounding period Sets End mode END Payments occur at the end of each compounding period J Calculating Payments on a Loan You borrow 140 000 00 for 30 years 360 months at 6 5 annual interest compounded monthly What is your monthly payment to the lender Note the following example is calculated with RPN set as the operating mode At the end of the 30 years you expect to have a zero balance FV20 The example is calculated with RPN set as the operating mode 28 Time Value of Money Table 3 2
74. o reset or to cancel 32 Time Value of Money Interest Conversion Menu Figure 3 The Menu Map for the Interest Conversion Menu WYR To open the Interest Conversion menu IConv press ps Table 3 5 Interest Conversion Menu Items ltem Description Nom Nominal interest rate the stated annual interest rate compounded as represented by C YR such as 18 compounded monthly C YR 12 Eff Effective annual interest rate taking compounding into account g p g C YR Compounding periods per year Default is 12 Time Value of Money 33 Using the Interest Conversion Menu Find the effective rate of a 36 5 nominal rate compounded daily See Table 3 6 See Figure 3 for help with navigating through the menv Table 3 6 Interest Rate Conversion Example Keys Display Description SSE Opens the IConv menu starting with the current value of the nominal percentage rate Inputs 36 5 as the nominal percentage rate Scrolls to compounding periods per year C YR INS Default value is 12 3 Le Inputs 360 as the value for the number of compounding periods per year Scrolls to the variable for the effective rate and INS ANS calculates it A 36 5 nominal rate compounded daily equals an effective rate of 44 02 Note in TVM Standard C YR is the same number as P YR in TVM calculations since most interest calculations are based on the same number of payments and compounding
75. occurs Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF 3 Displays the current monetary value of CF 4 Inputs 4000 as the monetary value of CF 4 Displays the current value 1 for the number of times CF 4 occurs Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF 4 Displays the current monetary value of CF 5 Cash Flows 39 Table 5 2 Cash Flow Example Keys Display Description BEI o o INPUT Accepts 1 as the number of occurrences for CF 6 Inputs 5000 as the monetary value of CF 5 Displays the current value 1 for the number of times CF 5 occurs Inputs 5 for the number of occurrences for CF 5 Displays the current monetary value of CF 6 Inputs 115000 as the monetary value of CF 6 Displays the current value 1 for the number of times CF 6 occurs 40 Cash Flows Analyzing Cash Flows The various functions used to analyze cash flows are located in the NPV and IRR NPV menus If you press or before entering cash flows you will be redirected to the cash flow menu to enter values into the cash flow list The menu maps for the IRR and NPV menus are shown in Figure 2 Table 5 3 describes the items within these menus The results shown in Table 5 4 are based on the values entered in the cash tlows as shown in Table 5 2 Table 5 3 Analyzing Cash Flows ltem Description Inv 1 Investment or discount rate Enter the investment rate or discount rate for
76. od press See Figure 1 Input the values required for the calculation e Asset life e Starting date or month of the depreciation e Cost and salvage values e Declining balance factor DecBal and DBXover only e first year for which you want to view the depreciation schedule Scroll through the items of the sub menu for the selected depreciation method by pressing repeatedly To change the value of the displayed item key in a number and INPUT press Le For the Start item enter either a number or an actual date depending on the type of depreciation selected Press repeatedly to view the depreciation schedule NOTE pressing on the last item of a sub menu returns you to the Year item and increments it see Figure 1 Brief descriptions of the methods used to calculate depreciation are provided in Table 11 1 Table 11 2 describes the items found in the depreciation sub menus For an example calculating depreciation using the straight line method see Table 11 3 Table 11 1 Depreciation Methods Depreciation Method Description Sline Straight line is a method of calculating depreciation presuming an asset loses a certain percentage of its value annually at an amount evenly distributed throughout its useful life SOYD Sum of the years digits is an accelerated depreciation method In SOYD the depreciation in year y is Life y 1 SOY of the asset where SOY is the sum of the years for th
77. on the EU Declaration of Conformity issued by Hewlett Packard for this product or product family This compliance is indicated by the following conformity marking placed on the product CE This marking amp valid for non Telaco m product marking amp valid for EU non harmonized and EU harmonized Tels product Telecom product Bluedooth body number used anl applicable reir de the product la bef Hewlett Packard GmbH HQ TRE Herrenberger Strasse 140 71034 Boeblingen Germany The official EU CE declaration of conformity for this device may be found at http www hp com go certiticates Japanese Notice CORels 774 COREN RE RE CEA FECECBNECLTIETD CORBPIVAPTVLEVS Ril 31 25 5 5 65 40090601851 o ANIM SAAS CHE VCCI B Korean Notice 0 WIE ARB JDI2A JOM 208 SHH me ALSO 712l DJA ub O This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that this product must not be disposed of with your other household waste Instead it is your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment by handing it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health an
78. orm a mathematical operation the content of Level 1 of the stack is saved Pressing recalls that number This functionality can be used to undo an erroneous key press or if you want to reuse a number such as 56 123 in the expression 1 23 56 123 56 123 See Table 22 for an example using the last number function 14 Mathematical Calculations Table 2 2 Last Number Keys Display Description INPUT Code C J Memory FI Sets FIX to 3 000 Arii LI LI LI H o o oo ee I I HFH INPUT INPUT Inputs 1 23 and 56 123 JL2 IL 3 Em L5 JL e L Wemoy Ji e JU x JU ncr RAND HE E E imd GJ LANS J Adds 1 23 and 56 123 then divides the sum by the last number 56 123 Returns results in the selected display format For more complex problems requiring two or more operations you do not need to enter parentheses to set operational priority Key in numbers and operations inside the parentheses first followed by those outside of the parentheses If a problem has more than one set of parentheses start by working with the operations and numbers in the innermost parentheses and work out For example calculate 3 4 x 5 6 One way to calculate this problem is to key in the numbers and operations within the parentheses first followed by the operation outside of the parentheses See Table 2 3 Mathematical Calculations 15
79. periods per year and interest rate conversions are commonly linked to a subsequent TVM calculation This feature is provided for your convenience but this means modifying one number also modifies the other when you are calculating in TVM Standard The IConv menu permits you to solve for C YR but the result is not always a positive integer TVM calculations however require C YR to be an integer larger than zero If you attempt to perform a TVM calculation without a valid value for C YR or P YR an invalid P YR error ER Invalid P YR will occur If you set C YR to O the resulting interest conversions are calculated assuming a continuous compounding As stated above 0 is not a valid value for P YR or C YR when used in TVM calculations and you will have to reset it to a valid value before performing TVM calculations To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the Interest Conversion menu INPUT displayed press With IConv displayed press to reset or to cancel To exit the menu press once again 34 Time Value of Money 4 Canadian Mortgages TVM Canada Figure 1 The Menu for the P YR Menu In Canada interest rates for mortgages are by law given as a nominal interest rate compounded twice yearly This means that the compounding period for the per period interest rate calculation differs from the compounding period when payments are made By default the calculator performs calcula
80. play Description Displays value for a the slope of the DEL regression line Displays current value for b the y intercept of the regression line Displays value for Correlation DEL Correlati VIE MY Lin Opens Sums sub menu Displays the sum of To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the Data or Statistics menus displayed press At the prompt Stats press Le Confirm your choice by pressing Wu all y values Sigma y 74 Statistical Operations 13 Programming Programming the HP 30b This chapter applies only to the HP 30b and explains how to program specifically on the HP 30b If you are unfamiliar with the basics of programming you may have trouble understanding some of the following information Reviewing the material and practicing the concepts illustrated below will help you understand how this feature works on the HP30b The HP 30b Business Professional is a powerful business calculator but it may lack a function important to you The HP 30b programming functions allow you to create up to ten programs to fulfill your needs In order to keep the calculator keyboard clear and consistent the programming functions are not written on the keyboard However included in the calculator package you should find an overlay which shows the programming functions This is designed to be placed on the top surface of the calculator and left in place for the life of the cal
81. ple UL LN Inputs 8 for investment rate SED NA Inputs 5 for the safe investment rate Safe Ix Displays MIRR Displays FMRR Cash Flows 45 Sample Cash Flow Diagrams Savings Plan Pension Fund Annuity Due Compound Growth Savings Account Appreciation Mortgage Direct Reduction Installment Loan Mortgage wit paleo rayne ges Amortization Amortization 3 Ordinary Annuity Ordinary Annuity Lease with Buyback Option Residual Lease Amortization Amortization Annuity Due Annuity Due Figure 3 Sample Cash Flow Diagrams 46 Cash Flows 6 Bonds 0 Q Set Date Mat Date CPN Call Yield Price Accrued DWN Mod Duration Macaulay Duration Actual Cal 360 Annual Semi annual Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Bond Menu Does not apply to the HP 20b Bonds 47 The Bond Menu Before you enter the Bond menu be sure to verify the date format is set appropriately for your problem The default setting is mm ddyyyy but it can be set for dd mmyyyy The range of acceptable dates is October 15 1582 to December 31 9999 Bond day counts 360 365 and annual or semiannual coupon payment schedules may be set from either the Mode menu or the Bond menu For more information on setting the preferences in the Mode Menu see the section titled The Mode menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 To open the Bond menu press repeate
82. price of the underlying asset based on the E i 87 H historical data entered in the Data menu ress scroll to tne aatis If you have not entered the historical data next item you can enter the standard deviation of the price of the underlying asset directly by typing the number and pressing INPUT vw Press to scroll to the next item EE Calculates the average dividend return as INPUT ane m 143 based on the historical data entered in Press to scroll to the sain the Data menu If you have not entered a percentage of the underlying asset cost next item the historical data enter the average dividend return as a percentage of the underlying asset cost directly by typing INPUT the number and pressing Scrolls to Call Price DEL Low Scrolls to Put Price Pub Price To reset the menu items to their default values with any item of the Black Scholes menu INPUT displayed press With Black Scholes displayed press to reset the menu ON CE fonce to cancel Press again to exit the menu 56 Black Scholes Calculation Menu 8 Date Calculation 00 Q a Days Between Actual Cal 360 Figure 1 The Menu Map for the Date Calculation Menu The Date Calculation Menu The Date Calculation menu is used to calculate the number of days between two dates or a second date given a number of days from an initial or fina
83. r any reason ER Invalid 196 Returned by finance functions if is 100 ER No Solution Returned when there is no solution to the problem ER Many or Solutions Returned if there is no solution or more than one solution to the problem ER Many Solutions Returned when there are many solutions to the problem ER Invalid N Returned by TVM Amort if N is invalid ER User Abort Returned by long functions if user stops the calculation prior to completion ER Result Returned if the result is infinite ER Insufficient Data Returned by statistics functions if there is insufficient data for analysis ER No Payback Returned by payback function if there is no payback on this problem Error Messages 89 Table 14 1 Error Messages Error Message Status ER Unique solution to IRR Not Found Returned if IRR tries to calculate a solution but cannot find it User should supply a new guess ER Stack Stack overflow when performing calculations with more than 12 pending operations ER Parenthesis An error linked to use of parentheses unmatched too many etc ER Insufficient Memory Insufficient memory to complete the operation ER No Solution Found No solution found 90 Error Messages 15 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information Replacing the Batteries Use only fresh batteries Do not use rechargeable batteries The calculator takes two 3 volt CR2032 lithium batteries To install a new battery
84. re represented by the pairs of values shown below with the month number as x and the sales values as y Enter these into the Data menu Using the Statistics menu for Predictions predict sales for month seven What is the linear regression line What is the sum of the y values See Table 12 2 and Table 12 3 Table 12 2 Statistics Example Months and Sales Values Month Sales Values 1 150 2 165 3 160 4 175 5 170 72 Statistical Operations Table 12 3 Statistics Example Keys Display Description Opens Data ALLI LIL Inputs values for x 1 and y 1 200 cuu 2 input 1 Um ra Ts 3 input 1 6 o INPUT J input 1 7 5 INPUT 5 iNPUT 1 7 o INPUT Opens Stats menu Wars aal Opens Descriptive sub menu DEL J Memory Ikem cr ALI LI Inputs values for x 2 and y 2 Inputs values for x 3 and y 3 Inputs values for x 4 and y 4 Inputs values for x 5 and y 5 Displays average y Opens Predictions sub menv DEL DEL INPUT a b RPN NOTE this example performs calculations INPUT Rp based on a linear a x b regression line DlA Inputs 7 as the Prediction x value month 7 oe JC sw J C Memory Fred x Calculates Prediction y value sales at month 7 JE Statistical Operations 73 Table 12 3 Statistics Example Keys Dis
85. rest Returns the result for total price value Hecrued of price value of accrued interest id in RPN mode If calculating in Chain Algebraic modes at this point Re a press Cao Gro Gao Tas The net price you should pay for the bond is 118 58 To reset the menu items to their detault values with any item of the Bond menu displayed press INPUT With Bond displayed press to reset the menu or to cancel Press again to exit the menu 50 Bonds Black Scholes Calculation Menu d ate 00 HOLD Stock price Strike price Time to maturity Risk free DWN Volatility Dividend Call price Put price Figure 1 The Menu Map the Black Scholes menu Does not apply to the HP 20b Black Scholes Calculation Menu 51 The Black Scholes Menu To open the Black Scholes menu the Black Sholes key is HOLD To open the Menu 1 Press and hold the key 2 Press the the Black Sholes key 3 Release both keys In other words press on the and keys simultaneously and hold both keys just as you would when accessing a shifted function on a PC keyboard If you press and release and then press on the Black Sholes key you will enter the Date menu To change the value of the displayed item key in a number and press Once you have entered all known data the unknown items ar
86. right of the screen This number indicates the day of the week corresponding to that date Monday is 7 and Sunday is 7 NOTE in 360 day calendar mode Cal 360 days of the week are displayed only if the date is valid Selects point or comma as decimal separator Default is decimal point 1 23 Pressing toggles between these options i Selects thousands separator Default is none 1000 00 Pressing Wewmey toggles between these options NOTE the 1000 00 and 1 000 00 options are only available if the decimal separator is set for point 1000 00 and 1 000 00 are available only if the decimal separator is set d for comma Calculation mode For more information refer to Chapter 2 Mathematical Calculations NPU Pressing cycles through these options i Language setting for the messages displayed on the screen Default is English PU Pressing cycles through these options z i Basic Features 3 Table 1 1 Mode Menu Settings Setting top line Description Actual or Cal 360 Calendar options for bonds and date calculations Default is Actual INPUT Pressing toggles between these options Annual or Semiannual Bond type Default is Annual INPUT Pressing toggles between these options TVM Standard or TVM Activate or deactivate the compounding per year C YR option in time value of money Canada TVM calculations This option is primarily used for Canad
87. s of simply press a second time Key commands for example problems are provided throughout the text and in tables Key symbols are placed in the order they are to be pressed from lett to right Does not apply to the HP 20b Basic Features 5 Annunciators Annunciators are symbols that appear in the display as messages or after certain keys or key combinations have been pressed Annunciators are special symbols indicating a specific status in the calculator Figure 3 illustrates the annunciator symbols in the display Secondary Valid item for the Valid item for function active Input key the Equals key Low batteries Number recall Assigned value active RPN mode active Number storage active Begin mode active Radians active 360 day count calendar active Figure 3 Annunciator Symbols in the Screen Display The Input Key INPUT The key is used to input values for variables and execute menu items INPUT The key is also used in Reverse Polish Notation RPN mode to enter a number on the stack or duplicate it The Equals Key The key is used at the end of a mathematical operation to calculate the final result For example returns a final result of 3 The key when pressed outside of a mathematical operation also allows you to request a calculation for the value of an item This request only applies to items that can be calculated Using the Input and Equals Keys Suppose you wanted to calculate th
88. s in use Press twice to erase all programs To erase a specific program go to the program menu select the program with the or P keys and press to erase that specific program T lect th in th d o execute a program select the program in the program menu and press edit or modify an existing program select the program in the program menu and press INPUT 1 Review your program by pressing the or keys Delete the currently displayed instruction by pressing Exit the program by pressing or E 2 3 4 Any other key that you press will be inserted as an instruction in the program 5 EO 5 Insert an 4 LE instruction by pressing HOLD and 4 EA Log J Corr J Reset GOTO GOTO Note you can HOLD HOLD followed by a label number to go to a specific label 80 Programming Tests and Jump Functions When creating a program there is often a need for the conditional execution of an instruction based on a specific condition as well as the repetition of a set of instructions This is handled on the HP 30b using the GOTO LBL label and Test instructions LBL is an instruction that does not do anything by itself but it acts as a marker for Jump instructions l Toenter a label or GOTO instruction press and hold and simultaneously press the GOTO GOTOT or GOTOF key then release both keys 2 Type a number between and 99 for numb
89. sset at acquisition Salvage The salvage value of the asset at the end of its useful life Factor The declining balance factor as a percentage This is used for declining balance and declining balance crossover methods only Year Year for which you want to calculate the depreciation Depreciation Depreciation in the given year R Book Value Remaining book value at the end of the given year R Depreciable Value Remaining depreciable value at the end of the given year Depreciation Example A metalworking machine purchased for 10 000 00 is to be depreciated over five years Its salvage value is estimated at 500 00 Using the straightline method find the depreciation and remaining depreciable value for each of the first two years of the machine s life See Table 11 3 Table 1 3 Straight Line Depreciation Example Key Display Description Opens the Depreciation menu starting with Line T the straight line method 5 Inputs 5 for the useful life Lif a cr ALI LI Displays the current value of Start 1 EE January is the default value For this example this value remains unchanged since the depreciation of the machine starts January 1 1 00 Inputs 10 000 00 for the cost of the item o o INPUT Inputs 500 00 for the salvage value of the 1 234 iiim cnnnn LOLS Depreciation 67 Table 11 3 Straight Line Depreciation Example 3 y DEL DEL DEL DEL D
90. ssing stores that number in that menu item However the key does not calculate a value for that item 4 Special items Special items such as the Degree Radian option in the Mode menu the items of the Reset menu and the items of the Percent Calculation 6calc menu perform an action when is pressed Depending on the menu this action can be the selection of a sub menu calc changing a mode or setting Mode menu or erasing data Reset menu O Basic Features 2 Mathematical Calculations Mathematical Functions Mathematical functions are located p i x If keys such as Lun J e shifted or secondary functions such as sn n the Math menu Number Entry and Display Numbers are entered by pressing o 9 e Numbered keys e The decimal point e key e keys To correct a number entry press the backspace key Each press of erases the last digit or symbol you entered To enter a number in the display press the number digits successively A number can have up to 12 digits do To change the sign of a number trom positive to negative press Use scientific notation to enter very large and very small numbers For example to enter number 1 23x 10727 in scientific notation first enter the mantissa 1 23 and then press 7 mm and enter the number 127 representing the exponent The exponent must have a value between 499 and 499
91. te a choice and reset the selected items press INPUT fonice Cw Press to cancel If you select the command to reset the cash flow Cash Flow statistics Stats programs Prgm or all values All items you will be prompted to confirm 2 your choice At the Del All Del Data Del Prgm and Del CF prompts press again to confirm the reset or to cancel While working within a specific menu pressing takes you directly to the item of the Reset menu that allows you to reset that specific menu For example if you are working in the Bond menu and you wish to reset all your entries in the Bond menu with any item of the Bond menu displayed press Bond displays INPUT on screen At this prompt pressing resets the Bond menu and returns you to the last item you were working with in the Bond menv Only applies to the HP 30b Basic Features 7 Notes about Special Menus The Mode Memory Math and Reset menus are unique menus they allow you to work in another menu simultaneously without having to exit For example if you were working in the Bond menu prior to entering one of these menus pressing to exit returns you to your previous work in the Bond menu Memory and the Memory Menu The Memory menu contains the following items memories 1 9 Mem 1 9 and Mem O Cash Flow Statistics Stats programs Prgm and Memory To enter the menu press Lu Press or repeatedly to scroll through the items st
92. te function in the Probability sub menu of the Math menu See Table 2 6 Note the examples below are calculated with Chain set as the operating Description Enters 10 degrees of freedom and the number for which probability is to be calculated Opens the Math menu Selects the Probability menu item and scrolls to Chi Validates the result Table 2 7 Inverse Probability Example Keys Display Description NON l Enters 10 degrees of freedom and the RAND C ner TriBonom se probability Opens the Math menu he 2 2 nPr nG 2 RAND JU KAIKA Selects the Probability menu item Scrolls to Chi Chi v nnn DEL DEL DEL DEL LLLI Validates the result AN 7 Jg 212 Jr 4 22 Mathematical Calculations Binomial Functions The binomial function calculates the probability of having up to k successes out of n throws when the probability of success is p Enter n and p each followed by and type k and navigate to the binomial function in the math Two Number Functions Apart from the three additional two number functions accessible on the keyboard are E A nCr nPr y is the power function nCr stands for the number of combinations of n items taken r at a time and nPr stands for the number of permutations of n items taken r at a time Combination r n r n Permutation
93. tions assuming that the number of compounding periods always equals the number of payments per year You can however enable the TVM Canada option in the Mode menu which enables you to select the number of compounding periods per year For more information refer to Chapter 1 Basic Features To open the P YR menu press E Note the following change in features with TVM Canada enabled 1 The P YR key opens a menu with two items P YR and C YR in which you can specify the number of payments and compounding periods per year See Figure 1 2 In the Interest Conversion menu the C YR item is the same value as the C YR item in the P YR menu and it no longer affects P YR However note how if you now change the value of P YR the calculator automatically sets C YR so it equals your new value assigned to P YR This means that if you modify P YR you also need to modify C YR if P YR and C YR are different values in your TVM problem Canadian Mortgages TVM Canada 35 Canadian Mortgage Example Calculate the monthly payment for a 25 year N2300 Canadian mortgage valued at 350 000 00 if the nominal interest rate is 6 0 compounded twice yearly C YR 2 with 12 payments per year P YR The example is calculated with RPN set as the operating mode Table 4 1 Canadian Mortgage Example Keys Display Description Opens the Mode menu starting with the current FIX value number of digits to the right of the decimal point Scrolls to
94. tish Virgin Islands 1 800 711 2884 Bulgaria www hp com support Canada 800 HP INVENT Cayman Island 1 800 711 2884 Chile 800 360 999 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information 95 Table 15 1 Contact Information Country Region China FP EE Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Curacao Czech Republic Cesk republikaik Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Egypt El Salvador Equador Estonia Finland Suomi France French Antilles French Guiana Germany Deutschland Ghana Greece EAAd a Grenada Guadelupe Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong TE TIBET T EC 6s Hungary India Indonesia Ireland Italy Italia 96 Warranty Regulatory and Contact Information Contact 800 820 9669 01 8000 51 4746 8368 01 8000 51 HP INVENT 0 800 011 0524 www hp com support 001 800 872 2881 800 711 2884 296 335 612 82 33 28 44 1 800 711 2884 1 800 711 2884 www hp com support 800 6160 1999 119 800 711 2884 Andinatel 1 800 225 528 800 711 2884 Pacifitel www hp com support 09 8171 0281 01 4993 9006 0 800 990 011 800 711 2884 0 800 990 011 800 711 2884 069 9530 7103 www hp com support 210 969 6421 1 800 711 2884 0 800 990 011 800 711 2884 1 800 999 5105 159 800 711 2884 183 800 711 2884 800 0 123 800 711 2884 800 933011 www hp com support 1 800 114772 21 350 3408 01 605 0356 02 754 19 782 Table 15 1 Contact Information Country Region Contact Jamaica 1 800 71
95. ts do not remove the arguments from the stack but do push a O or 1 Long Programs and Battery Life Although it is possible to create programs on the HP 30b that can run for a long period of time calculating Pl to 700 decimal places for example this is not something that we advise as it will drain the batteries in less than a day Programming on the HP 30b was designed to create small programs to perform a function not present in the calculator or to automate a task requiring many keystrokes and then run relatively quickly If a program takes more than one second to run the CPU speed will be reduced in order to preserve battery life Sub Function Call It is often useful in a program to have the option to reuse a sub program from various locations To avoid having to retype these sub programs each time they are necessary you can use the CALL RETURN TD m HOLD and m HOLD functions CALL followed by a label number will jump to the specified label in the same way a GOTO instruction does but when the RETURN instruction is encountered the program will continue execution just after the CALL function This is equivalent to you temporarily pausing in an activity to answer a phone call and then returning to your prior activity after the call Up to four calls can be nested at the same time Another way to picture this might be going to turn off your stove while you are answering the doorbell that rang while you were answerin
96. turns a result of 7 00 In Chain mode the same key presses return a result of 9 00 In Algebraic mode operations between two numbers have the following priority e Highest priority the power function y e Second priority combinations and permutations e Third priority multiplication and division e lowest priority addition and subtraction 12 Mathematical Calculations For example key in 1 2 x 5 nPr 2 in Algebraic mode by pressing E EJEJEA3BS IS EJEBJEJEJE The result is 241 NOTE the calculator is limited to 12 pending operations An operation is pending when it is waiting for the input of a number or the result of an operation of higher priority Reverse Polish Notation RPN Mode To set the calculator in RPN mode refer to the section titled The Mode Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 In RPN mode numbers are keyed in first separated by pressing INPUT a Or followed by an operation key NOTE pressing or is optional after keying in a number if the next key pressed is an operation Each time you press an operation or function key in RPN the answer is calculated immediately and displayed For example suppose you wanted to add two numbers in RPN 1 and 2 Press 74 input C2 C The result 3 00 is calculated and displayed immediately on bottom line along with the symbol on the top line _ input NOTE in RPN mode when you are in a menu for which or are
97. us If you store an index i from O to 99 in the variable O you can then use the store recall RCL features to store number in Data and Cash Flow menus Press either or followed by the CashFlow key to either store or recall a number as desired in the CF i 2 if i is even or ZCF i 1 2 if i is odd In addition you can store or recall x i 2 4 1 if i is even or y i 1 2 if i is odd as desired by pressing the Data key instead of the CashFlow key E as shown above Rounding Numbers All calculations are performed internally with 15 digit precision and are rounded to 12 digits when returning the results In certain instances calculations are performed internally with greater than 15 digit precision When displayed a number is further rounded to the number of digits after the decimal point set by the FIX item in the Mode menv The default setting is two digits to the right of the decimal point For more information refer to the section titled The Mode Menu Setting Preferences in Chapter 1 NOTE the FIX setting only affects the display it does not affect the actual numbers Percentages In Algebraic or Chain modes pressing divides a number by 100 For example pressing 2 5 returns 0 25 To find a percentage of a given number key in the number and multiply it by the desired percentage followed by For example to find 25 of 200 press 2 x 2
98. valid pressing these keys enters the number but it also performs the action associated with the key for the menu item which is generally saving the number in the variable or calculating the item s value The RPN Stack RPN works by placing numbers in storage registers called the stack The RPN stack has four levels numbered 1 4 The levels are stacked on top of one another See Figure 3 Stack Level 4 Stack Level 3 Stack Level 2 Stack Level 1 Figure 3 The RPN Stack Mathematical Calculations 13 In Figure 3 the stack contains four numbers 23 41 12 and 15 Each level 4 contains INPUT one number When a number is typed and entered into the stack by pressing this new number is pushed into level one of the stack and each number already in the stack moves up one level The number in Level 4 15 is pushed out and is lost When an operation is performed on the stack addition E for instance the calculator pops or moves the two numbers from the bottom levels Levels 1 and 2 out of the stack performs the operation and pushes the results back into the stack With the numbers entered into the stack as shown in Figure 3 pressing changes the stack as shown in Figure 4 Note that when the numbers are popped out to add 23 and 41 Level 4 of the stack remains unchanged 15 15 1 H 64 Figure 4 The RPN Stack of Figure 3 Shown After the Addition Operation Last Number Each time you perf
99. wer Tail Normal Distribution LTND calculates the probability for a normally distributed random variable to be less than the input Inverse Lower Tail Normal Distribution is the inverse function for it calculates the value V for which the probability of a normally distributed random variable to be less than V is the given input Student Inverse Student Chi x 2 Inverse Chi F Distribution and Inverse F Distribution perform similar operations for Student Chi and F Distributions Student Chi and F Distribution and their inverse operations are special cases as they require more than one number as input Student and Chi require N the number of degrees of freedom and F Distribution requires NT and N2 two degrees of freedom To perform Student and Chi operations or their inverse 1 Enter the number of degree s of freedom by typing the number and pressing Ee 2 Type the number for which you want to calculate the probability or for the inverse the probability for which you want the number 3 Navigate to the appropriate function in the Probability sub menu of the Math menu To perform F Distribution operations or their inverse Mathematical Calculations 21 1 Enter the two degrees of freedom by typing each number followed by or 2 Type the number for which you want to calculate the probability or for the inverse the probability for which you want the number 3 Navigate to the appropria

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