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CAM1 and CapiScope User Manual in pdf format

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1. sess 64 6T I Market Soeren sPa SRM PIS EUH CRT RU XYRINEEE EINER S Ec Odes tentes 64 IGA T TT event Matketszo aside geo e Op pedet qeu 65 16 17 7 2 Edit Marker Dialog eene 65 16 17 7 3 Edit New Marks 5 eter eene euet na 66 1617 T4 Matker MOE ses cas edes eet eei fer eeu te ved URN YR 66 16 17 7 5 Image Markets tree t ree e tea petente 66 16 176 Export data 3 ue eo oe ee ene 67 16 17 81 TEXT 5 ees e eoe deb eod deed eo din iE 67 16 17 8 2 BINARY sois tn ros ut terrens 67 TOIT ISERP E cota EC DI ge v LED did 68 16 17 10 Import data ose e DH SEHE does QU oS cata en Qt ees ais 69 GUT Keyboard dosi eS RITE ER AUR eS INS TS 69 TO TT 12 Remove Pulsen tios Ooth detenta ups cai ads 70 16 17 13 Selecting Data 4 5 es testo i peo eng ne 71 16 17 14 Smoothing Dialog 255r Een irr vede FORE RES 71 WONT 195 SUAUUS BOX 1 0 ee a aces IRI Eee nier Ye RO E 71 16 17 151 Active Trace Nate uus iet ere den teg rettet Roa 71 Io 7216 Tool Bats o EO er o Dat Rae e dius 12 16 17 17 Calculating Averages s atico tenete nete PER cessas 72 16 17 18 Hide Trace e ER UINSR OR USER HEU XO i 73 16 17 19 Increase Brightness ooo eoacoss st Porph ERR hend oed bostes dead 73 16 17 20 Decrease Brightness corde ane ERTRINSEE EYE QNS EET Cauet beso 723 IO T 2T amootl E366 cen taste ate atitepetfqeseete opes 74 16 17 22 Trace Properties ain eo pee oet peo de te i ee 74 16 17 22 T Trace Name seco diee o
2. 16 17 8 Export data Outputs trace data to a file in either binary or ASCII text The ASCII text file can be loaded directly into Excel the binary format is for users who wish to write their own data analysis programs 16 17 8 1 TEXT 1 Output is in rows each row corresponding to one pixel on the display x axis 2 Each trace is output in a separate column s 3 Each Doppler spectrum is output in 256 columns one column for each frequency 4 Warning Doppler spectrums will produce very large text files 5 If no selection is chosen then data from left to right of the active view is used even if the trace ends part way through 16 17 8 2 BINARY 1 Every point within selection if applicable is output irrespective of the x axis scale 2 If a trace is not in the selection if applicable then it will not be output 3 Each complete trace is output one after the other 67 Chapter 16 Software Reference 4 Data is always output as raw values 5 File Format HEADER DATA HEADER DATA HEADER DATA 6 HEADER FORMAT total 128 bytes Table 16 1 Export data Header Format type bytes description long 4 no of x points long 4 no of y points int 2 no of bytes per element int 2 reserved for future versions double 8 x scaling factor double 8 x offset double 8 y scaling factor double 8 y offset double 8 z scaling factor double 8 z offs
3. Please select options required r CAM1 Capillary anemometer ONLY tick this if fitted unless this is the demo version CapiScope Capillaroscopy Analysis Dynamic Capillaroscopy Analysis This dialog box appears when there are no profiles or initialisation files ini in the program directory or no options have been selected CAM1 Capillary Anemometer Only select this item if this is the demonstration version or if a CAMI interface card is installed in the computer Selecting it when the CAM1 PC interface card is not fitted can cause the computer to lock up It is ok to select this in the demonstration version since the interface card and input data are simulated CapiScope Capillaroscopy Analysis If this is selected and this is not the demo version then a security key is required which fits into the parallel printer port of the computer If there is not a security key then you will be prompted for a passcode which will enable this option for the current month You can get a passcode from KKTechnology or your local KK Technology distributor 30 Chapter 11 Start Up e Dynamic Capillaroscopy Again this option requires a security key or an additional passcode to evaluate it for one month This dialog box should only appear once The values chosen will be set in the profile To change them you need to edit the profile ini file in program directory 11 2 Demo passcode imputo ES This was a time limited demo
4. Use this command to insert a copy of the clipboard contents at the insertion point This command is unavailable if the clipboard is empty Shortcuts Toolbar Keys CTRL V 16 18 2 4 Clear All Dimensions Use this command to clear all dimensions from the current document 16 18 2 5 Notes Use this to add notes to your CapiScope document Also allows the image filename to be changed The notes are printed with the image 16 18 2 6 Smooth Selection Menu Use this command to smooth the resulting Resistance Index trace 87 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 3 View Menu 16 18 3 1 View Toolbar command Use this command to display and hide the Toolbar which includes buttons for some of the most common commands in CapiScope A check mark appears next to the menu item when the Toolbar is displayed See Toolbar for help on using the toolbar 16 18 3 2 Video Input Control Use this command to Hide Show the video input control 16 18 3 3 Show Crosshair Use this command to Hide Show the Target Crosshair Used for marking the CAM1 laser beam position To repostion the target crosshair double click the right mouse button 16 18 3 4 Grid Use this to toggle the grid on or off See Grid Settings to adjust spacing style and colour of the grid 16 18 3 5 2D View Menu 16 18 3 5 1 Always on Top Use this to make CapiScope always visible even if another application is active 86 Chapter 16 Software Reference
5. calculating 56 making measurements 43 measurement theory 41 View menu 88 display toolbar 88 input control 88 show crosshair 88 100 show grid 88 dimension list 92 Window menu 92 new 92 arrange 92 tile 92 cascade 92 WPX5_95 DLL 95
6. pp 188 192 Ushizaka T Asakura T 1983 Measurements of flow velocity in a microscopic region using a transmission grating Applied Optics Vol 22 No 12 pp1870 1874 Yeh Y Cummins H Z 1964 Applied Physics Letters 4 pp176 8 10 Chapter 4 CapiScope CAM1 Components A CapiScope CAM1 system comprises the following components AMI e in EI LUN T zt nS Sl OC a Includes CCD camera laser laser driver electronics detector detector electronics optics special microscope objective CapiScope PU Processing Unit This provides power User interface and processing for the CAMI 11 Chapter 4 CapiScope CAMI Components e XYZ Micropositioners These provide fine focusing and positioning for the CAM1 Workplatform This provides a strong rigid stand for the CAMI Finger Vice Enables a finger to be held in position under the CAMI Light Source An array of ultra bright light emitting diodes provides light for imaging with the CCD camera Cables CAMI PU Cable Special cable for connection between the CAM and the IPS module e ADC ADC Cable 12 Chapter 4 CapiScope CAMI Components Special cable for connection to the CAM1 ADC Analogue to Digital interface card 13 Chapter 5 CONNECTION DETAILS 5 1 CAM1 Table 5 1 7 way BINDER 712 socket pin function 1 ttlOV supply typically 20mA Range 8V to 15V regulated 2 10V supply typica
7. 16 18 4 Settings menu 16 18 4 1 Calibrate Magnification Use this to calibrate the total optical magnification Before calling this create two straight dimension lines Using something of a known length create one horizontal line to calibrate the x axis and one vertical line to calibrate the y axis You can use the same object rotating it 90 degrees after marking one of the lines In the Calibrate Magnification dialog box enter the line numbers for the x axis and y axis calibration lines and also their known true length using your prefered user units The magnication scaling will then be calculated To see the resulting values use the Magnification option in the Settings menu 16 18 4 2 Magnification This opens a dialog box showing the current magnification scaling factors for the x and y axis Usually these are set automatically using the Calibrate Magnification function 16 18 4 3 Units This allows one to choose between using calibrated user defined units or pixels All dimensions will be displayed using the current setting The label for the user units is just a text label and has no other significance It is recommended to use units so that dimensions and cursor position etc will be in the range of 1 to 1000 This is so that significant digits are displayed in the dimension list and status bar See Calibrating Magnification 16 18 4 4 Timer Use this to open the Timer Dialog and alter the timer settings Number of
8. CAMI contains a low power infra red semiconductor laser diode The maximum accessible output power from the CAM1 is 1 5mW The output wavelength is nominally 780 nm The laser beam is focused to a spot about 5mm in front of the CAMI L300 objective The L300 objective has a numerical aperture of 0 14 Beam divergence from the focal point is about 16 degrees The CAM1 is supplied with the following labels black on yellow background fixed on one side NVISIBLE LASER 247 ATION CNOT STAT NOBEAMO 2 E y T vA INSTRUW ENTS 34 LASER RCIUCT Users should read section 10 Safety Precautions of EN 60825 1991 Radiation safety of laser products equipment classification requirements and user s guide This publication does not think it is necessary to appoint a laser safety officer for class 3A products such as the CAMI However the user should check local requirements In normal use the CAM1 is positioned such that it is impossible to view the laser beam directly For other uses the user should take precautions to prevent continuous viewing of the laser beam Although the CAMI satisfies the Maximum Permissible Exposure levels MPE for skin exposure the user should be aware that the power density is very high at the focal point The main biological hazard from infra red radiation is considered to be due to heating With the CAM1 in normal use the total power is low amp tissue mass large skin tissue and red blood cell absorpti
9. Edit menu to clear all offsets back to zero This works wether the offsets were created by the automatic or manual methods To clear just a range of images first set the start and end image numbers in the Edit Select images 50 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 1 16 2 Introduction The CAMI software has a MONITOR window which displays the contents of the input buffers There are two input buffers the Doppler spectrum and a capillary blood cell velocity CBV trace Either buffer can be enabled disabled or hidden The length of each buffer can be individually preset by the user The buffers can be circular i e they automatically overwrite themselves when the end is reached or they can be set to stop recording as soon as one buffer becomes full By default the buffers are circular The whole contents of both buffers can be saved to disc or part of one buffer can be copied to another file or a new file via the clipboard Data is NOT saved unless explicitly saved by the user The CBV trace has minimal memory requirements and can be set to a much longer duration than the Doppler trace which requires large amounts of memory about 600 kbytes minute The advantage of saving the Doppler spectrum is that the quality of the CBV can be seen Data Rate By default the data rate is set to 20 samples per second The maximum data rate possible depends on the processing power of the computer and graphics card and the b
10. allows some parameters to be adjusted so that you can trade off between processing time and correction accuracy 15 3 Manual Movement Correction There are two methods of manually correcting movement Tracking and Dragging 48 Chapter 15 Movement Correction 15 3 1 Tracking This function allows you to track an identifying feature on the image using the left mouse button It is better than the Dragging function for manually correcting movement in video sequences You may also want to slow down the playback speed to make it easier to react Move the video to your desired start position then click down the left mouse button on some feature in the image that you can follow with the mouse If you want to correct a sequence of images keep the left button down so that the total correction so far is remembered for following images then press the P key to play the sequence Follow the movement with the left mouse button down as the video plays Release the left mouse button as soon as you want to stop corrections If the image has stopped moving around you will probably still want to keep the left button depressed until you reach the end of the video so that the remaining images are corrected too Note that this method uses the distance of the mouse from the position of the left button click as an offset to adjust to the current image s offset When the button is released no offset is applied When you click again a new offs
11. be activated to control the action to take for signal dropouts and noise spikes The method previously set in the Calculations Velocity menu will be used 16 11 Calculating CBV from peak in spectrum This method calculates the capillary blood cell velocity CBV by finding the frequency component in the power spectrum with the strongest signal All frequencies above the highest frequency which is higher than the threshold are ignored and the peak is searched for in only the higher50 of frequencies below this This method is best for good signals with a strong peak and a characteristic whistling sound it also exhibits a lower dependence on the threshold setting than the Maximum method 16 12 Calculate CBV from maximum frequency shift This method calculates the capillary blood cell velocity CBV by finding the maximum frequency component in the power spectrum which is stronger than the threshold value This method detects the envelope of the Doppler Shift and is best for signals without a strong peak perhaps due to not being directly above a perpendicular section of capillary or where the is a sharp bend in the capillary at the measurement site or where there are many gaps between blood cells or aggregates of cells 16 13 Calculate CBV from envelope of power 57 Chapter 16 Software Reference content This method calculates the capillary blood cell velocity CBV by finding the frequency component in the power spec
12. delete the active dimension line press the Delete key 12 4 Step 4 Measurements Click on the L Region of Interest ROI button Click and drag the mouse whilst holding down the left mouse button This will create a region of interest The size of the ROI will be displayed in the status bar as it is drawn To see the size again click on the ROI button To move the ROI click on the ROI and drag while holding down the left mouse button To calculate the number of capillaries and length of capillaries within the ROI press the button This will open the Image Results window Add more counts or lines to the image or move or create a new ROI Press the calculate button again The new results will be added to the Image Results window Click on the HE Show grid button to display the grid Press it again to remove the grid The grid size can be adjusted using the Settings Grid menu option Click the origin button Now click the left mouse button on the image The grid will now be aligned with the new origin and the start positions in the dimension list will now be relative to the new origin Double click the right mouse button on the image This now will reset the position of the target crosshair 12 5 Step 5 Notes Select Notes from the Edit menu The Properties dialog will be shown 35 Chapter 12 Step by Step Guide Properties Lx Image filename Captured Tuesday June 25 1996 14 32 46 Notes Add whatever comment
13. images and time between images can be set Also the base filename can be set Each image will be saved using the base name plus two digits for the number in the sequence If a file with the same name already exists it will be overwritten without warning The Start Timer button is disabled until the number of images has been set TIP a quick 89 Chapter 16 Software Reference way to view the saved images is to open the Windows Explorer and position it next to the CapiScope window Then the image files can be dragged onto CapiScope from the Windows Explorer using the left mouse button 16 18 4 5 Grid Settings Use this to set the Grid style lines or points colour and spacing The Grid always passes through the Origin Use the Grid command to hide show the grid 16 18 5 Tools Menu 16 18 5 1 Pan Image Use this to pan the image in its window by dragging with the left mouse button Note that it not possible to pan when the window is maximised Also it is not possible to pan the image beyond the actual screen area e g the top left corner of the image cannot be panned beyond the top left of the screen even though it cannot be seen because it is outside the CapiScope window 16 18 5 2 Region of Interest ROI Use this to create a region of interest ROI Click and drag with the left mouse button to create the ROI To move the ROI drag by holding down the left mouse button To remove the ROI select this function and just click
14. in all views between colour and monochrome display Remember to switch to mono before printing onto a mono printer 76 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 24 2 Inverse Colours This function reverses the colour coding of the Doppler spectrum Useful for printing out onto non colour printers either to save ink or toner or to improve the visual appearance 16 17 24 3 Minimum to background Use this set the colour of the lowest values to the same colour as the background This is sometimes useful for printouts in order to either improve the appearance or to conserve printer ink or toner 16 17 25 Advanced Menu This menu provides advanced functions some of which are primarily for development purposes To access this menu press Ctrl A WARNING some of the undocumented functions do not have full error checking Make sure important data is saved before using any of these commands 16 17 26 Artifact Filter Dialog Artifact Filter Filter Action Low med High limit T Invalid point Set to zero and skip L L ec Repeat last valid value C L C No action c c L Tete mo EN Absolute value kHz c C of last value C The Artifact Filter dialog controls the action if any to take when the signal is above or below the specified levels Used by the Average and Smoothing commands The low limit is primarily used for excluding dropout signals from aver
15. is achieved using the Z micropositioner The focal point is about 5 mm below the bottom of the standard lens X and Y movement is achieved using the X and Y micropositioners The standard micropositioners provide about 10 mm of travel in each axis 7 3 Initial Checks Check the CAM image by focusing onto a static object The image should be crisp and sharp and there should be no visible movement Sometimes vibrations can be transmitted through the bench eg from the PU cooling fan Switch on the laser If a loudspeaker is connected there is likely to be a lot of loud noise This is primarily laser noise caused by the strong reflection from the static object back into the laser cavity There should be no noise on removal of the object Any movements such as tapping the workplatform should also produce a signal 7 4 Environment All environmental and subject preconditioning protocols recommended for Laser Doppler Perfusion measurements should be considered Capillary blood flow is influenced by many factors so it is best to control as many known influences as possible These include 19 Chapter 7 USING THE CAM 1 e using a temperature controlled room e acclimatising the subject for a set period before any measurements are taken e prohibiting the intake of coffee or smoking before or during a measurement reducing stress e using a consistent position supine sitting or standing To reduce movement artifacts it is best
16. limb of a capillary loop a small fraction of the laser light will be backscattered by the column of blood cells and collected by lens 12 Lens 12 will also collect laser light reflected from the surrounding tissue Laser light backscattered by a moving blood cell will shift the frequency of the light The amount of the shift will be proportional to blood cell velocity Chapter 3 Theory oui cos g F z where n is the refractive index of the medium 1 33 and A is the laser wavelength 780 nm The maximum frequency shift obtainable at any capillary blood cell velocity is when texttheta is 0 or 180 Note that even at an angle of 18 the shift will be down by only 5 Of course this cosine dependency also exists for imaging techniques also such as frame to frame and video correlation techniques In practice an operator will adjust the laser beam position for the strongest signal This will occur when there are a maximum number of blood cells present in the sample volume In small capillaries a perpendicular section will provide the maximum number of blood cells in the focal point since the laser beam has a greater depth of focus than its diameter Therefore the use of a perpendicular section is generally assured At the photodetector Doppler shifted and unshifted laser light will mix to produce an electrical output with an ac component at a frequency of the difference between the shifted and unshifted light i e the at the Do
17. loudspeaker and a clear narrow peak in the Doppler spectrum In this type of signal there is clearly only one velocity and provided the subject s movement can be restricted a continuous pulsatile signal like the one shown above should be possible Note that it quite normal to find there is no flow in many capillaries even though they are filled The duration of no flow periods can be quite long if the subject is slightly stressed or cold Therefore it is a good idea to use a higher room temperature to help ensure an initial resting flow 26 Chapter 9 Looking after the CAM1 9 1 Maintenance and Cleaning The objective lens should be kept clean not only for good optical images but also to minimise laser reflections which will degrade the CAMI performance Remember that this is a precision optic and should be cleaned with great care First gently brush away any dust using a soft brush or a piece of gauze To remove fingerprints or grease gently clean using a lens tissue lightly moistened with lens cleaner or pure alcohol ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol Observe sufficient caution when handling methanol amp ethanol Also remember that the CAM contains carefully aligned optics so always handle with care When not in use cover and store in a place free from moisture and fungus 9 2 Servicing There are no user serviceable parts Never attempt to disassemble If a problem does arise please contact KK Research Technology Ltd Em
18. of red blood cells in the microcirculation by laser Doppler anemometry Biorheology 12 pp 207 210 Einav S Berman H J 1988 Fringe mode transmittance laser Doppler microscope anemometer its adaptation for measurement in the microcirculation J Biomed Eng 10 Pp 393 399 Einav S Berman H J Dean H C 1989 Fringe mode reflectance laser Doppler microscope system J Biomed Eng 11 pp 57 62 Eiju T Matsuda K Ohtsubo J Honma K Shimizu K 1981 A frequency shifting of LDV for blood velocity measurements by a moving wedged glass Applied Optics Vol 20 No 22 pp 3833 3837 Eiju T Nagai M Matsuda K Ohtsubo J Homma K Shimizu K 1993 Microscopic laser Doppler velocimeter for blood velocity measurement Optical Engineering 32 1 pp15 20 Holloway G A and Watkins D W 1977 Laser Doppler measurement of cutaneous blood flow J Invest Dermatol 69 306 309 Koyama T Horimoto M Mishina H Asakura T 1982 Measurements of blood flow velocity by means of a laser Doppler microscope Optik 61 4 pp 411 426 Meyer M F Schatz H 1998 INFLUENCE OF METABOLIC CONTROL AND DURATION OF DISEASE ON MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETES ASSESSED BY LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes106 pp 395 403 Chapter 3 Theory Mishina H Asakura T Nagi S 1974 A Laser Doppler Microscope Opt Commun 11 pp99 102 Mishina H Ushizaka T A
19. preview window in which one or two pages will be displayed in their printed format The print preview toolbar offers you options to view either one or two pages at a time move back and forth through the document zoom in and out of pages and initiate a print job Note the image will usually be printed with much better colour resolution than shown in preview mode 16 18 1 13 Exit command File menu Use this command to end your CapiScope session You can also use the Close command on the application Control menu CapiScope prompts you to save documents with unsaved changes Shortcuts Keys ALT F4 16 18 2 Edit menu 16 18 2 1 Cut command Edit menu NOT IMPLEMENTED YET FOR IMAGES only available for charts Use this command to remove the currently selected data from the document and put it on the clipboard This command is unavailable if there is no data currently selected Cutting data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there Shortcuts Toolbar EJ Keys CTRL X 86 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 2 2 Copy commad Edit menu NOT IMPLEMENTED YET only available for charts Use this command to copy selected data onto the clipboard This command is unavailable if there is no data currently selected Copying data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there EE Shortcuts Toolbar Keys CTRL C 16 18 2 3 Paste command Edit menu NOT IMPLEMENTED YET only available for charts
20. sess 87 16 18 3 View Mer iiie pee rud den ie da de Lee Er edes 87 16 18 3 1 View Toolbar command eese 88 16 18 3 2 Video Input Control estesiee teret ber ebbe 88 16 18 3 3 Show CTOSSBUIE udin recon ia iere On eb doieedied 88 I6 15 9 4 GIG n sse iem Maret bot ate etn 88 16 15 5 5 2D View Menu ier itid de aera keys aa 88 16 18 3 5 1 Always on Top oot petes eei trib teres 88 16 18 4 Settings Men en ecnin POR FOI OH RISE HERES eR SIUS 88 16 18 4 1 Calibrate Magnification eese 89 1616 42 Magnification s aec deett tales 89 I6 15253 UIS iE NER N oe Raley aR ae Goa 89 16 18 E TAMAS Ts acd ies SUR ce E TEE 89 16 18 4 5 Grid Settings cu on eo eate ee otia sett deeanaeni ee 90 16 18 5 Tools Ment 32 e ei odit e OS GPS otc Re citi qu etos 90 I6 5 3 T Pan Dabei e eot dinde brin cata cesis 90 16 18 5 2 Region of Interest ROD sess 90 Toc OH HE S eee Parone are eee edat re RO eT Cae 90 LGA A C OUBETID aeos ue Rp o POR OBERE 90 16 18 5 5 Dimension LAiHes eiie creta ocio ee netta gears 9 16 18 5 6 Freehand dimension lines sssss 91 16 18 5 7 Grab Live Video iii eee anions 9 16 18 5 8 Freeze Video Input esent 91 16 18 59 Start TIMET 225165 205 eh vos coepese e Era Copie Ear he Toni b oro 91 16 18 6 Window MefiU o1 cocrec oret prac io tient donee 9 16 18 6 1 New command Window menu 9
21. the CapiScope monitor The low power laser beam is reflected by blood cells at the focal point moving perpendicular to the skin surface The frequency of the reflected beam is Doppler shifted the shift being directly proportional to the velocity of the reflecting blood cell This is detected in the CAMI The Doppler signal is captured and digitised by the CapiScope Processor Unit The software processes the signal to extract the Capillary Blood cell Velocity CBV and provides the user display control and data storage The CapiScope software can also record and play back video and includes functions for capillary diameter density and velocity measurement using video correlation Chapter 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 2 1 Electrical Safety Warning The CAM1 is designed to be connected only to the CapiScope PU Processing Unit The CapiScope PU Processing Unit must only be connected to other EN 60601 compliant equipment in order to maintain compliance Warning DO NOT use near water wet locations or outdoors Warning DO NOT OPERATE IN THE PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS POSSIBLE EXPLOSION HAZARD EXISTS This is particularly relevant to uses in operating theatres where inflammable anaesthetic gases may be present 2 2 Laser Safety Warning Caution use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure Chapter 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The
22. the shaped end of the arm is in contact with the finger nail After about 20 seconds a very strong bond will have formed Carefully apply acetone to release the glue after the experiment It may take several seconds for the acetone to weaken the bond Avoid acetone contact with the skin Rotate the CAM1 back into position Make sure the subject is comfortable and that the whole arm is well supported to reduce unwanted movements For imaging nailfold capillaries position the finger with the illumination pointing at right angles to the finger When the light is incident from the finger tip there will be too much surface reflection from the curved surface 22 Chapter 7 USING THE CAMI 7 8 Surface Preparation Place a drop of liquid paraffin onto the finger to reduce surface reflections Make sure that the liquid paraffin is at skin temperature to avoid any unwanted physiological disturbances to blood flow Although some workers have used clear nail varnish this has been found to give a strong surface reflection of the laser Also the cooling effect of the evaporating solvent could have an effect on capillary flow The disadvantage of the paraffin oil is that it seems to be absorbed by the skin and needs replenishing during a long measurement This surface preparation is only for the benefit of the video image it is not necessary for the CBV measurement If there is a lot of noise during a measurement try adding more oil to give a
23. the Apply button to recalculate The result will be entered in the previously selected trace Use the Artifact Filter Dialog control to specify the action to take for low signal levels and noise spikes 16 16 Advanced analysis 16 16 1 Signal strength Use this command to create a new trace calculated from the signal strength of the selection or all of the currently active Doppler spectrum 16 16 2 Power contour Use this command to calculate ten power contours from the currently active Doppler spectrum Ten new traces will be created This calculation may take some time for long traces 16 16 3 Level contour Use this command to calculate and create any number of contours from the currently active Doppler spectrum This calculation may take some time for very long traces 16 16 4 Pulsatility Index Use this function to calculate and create a Pulsatility Index trace from a CBV trace This is calculated using the following formula Pulsatility Index Peak Systolic Minimum Diastolic Mean CBV 59 Chapter 16 Software Reference The traces created during the calculation are left in place to help identify any artifacts These traces may be deleted if desired The mean is created automatically using the Remove Pulse function For the detection of the peak systolic and minimum diastolic you will be prompted for a Window size This is the number of data points before and after the current point which must b
24. the left mouse button 16 18 5 3 Origin Use this to set the origin 0 0 in the image All dimension starting points are relative to the origin Also the Grid passes through the origin 90 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 5 4 Counting Use this mode to count capillaries by clicking with the left mouse button A cross will mark each capillary counted and the dimension list will show the location of each count A count of the number of dimensions is shown on the status bar 16 18 5 5 Dimension Lines Use this to create straight dimension lines Click with the left mouse button to add another node double click or press escape key to end the line The start position and total calibrated or pixel length is shown in the dimension list 16 18 5 6 Freehand dimension lines Use this to create freehand dimension lines Click with the left mouse button and drag whilst holding the left mouse button The start position and total length in calibrated units or pixels is shown in the dimension list 16 18 5 7 Grab Live Video Use this to start and stop live video The current image will be destroyed if it has not been saved WARNING there is no prompt to warn about losing the current image if it has not already been saved 16 18 5 8 Freeze Video Input Use this to freeze and capture the video image The image is NOT automatically saved to disc 16 18 5 9 Start Timer Use this to start the capture and saving of a timed seque
25. to have the subject laying in a supine position 7 5 Holding the Finger a Place wadding under the finger to bring the top surface above the edges of the finger vice To help reduce unwanted movement during a recording place double sided adhesive tape to both sides of the finger vice Push the sliding jaw of the finger vice to clamp the finger in position Avoid applying too much pressure which will occlude blood flow 20 Chapter 7 USING THE CAM 1 7 6 Using adhesive pads m Locate the desired position and then rotate the CAMI to one side by loosening the post clamp Always make sure the post stop is secure first before loosening the post clamp Apply a double sided adhesive pad either to the skin or to the underside of the plastic plate on the end of the restraint arm 21 Chapter 7 USING THE CAM 1 Lower the restraint arm so that the plastic plate makes contact with the finger Some pressure may be needed to get the adhesive to stick to the skin surface but once it has stuck avoid applying too much downward pressure when the restraint arm is clamped 7 7 Using Nail Glue For measurements close to the nailfold movement can be reduced by gluing the fingernail to the restraint arm One end of the restraint arm has been shaped to fit the curved surface of the finger nail Apply one very small drop of nail adhesive Ethyl Cyanoacrylate onto the finger nail Lower the restraint arm down so that
26. will be used for the label and the time and date will be added to the notelet Image markers are added by pressing the F4 function key Markers can be added to a Chart by switching to Marker Mode and then clicking with the left mouse button to place a marker at the current cursor position Any marker can be edited by clicking on it with the right mouse button This will open the Edit Marker box Markers can be edited as soon as they are created by enabling the Edit New Marks option in the Settings menu 16 17 7 2 Edit Marker Dialog Start 10 22 32 16 01 01 width height pole h 8EF bp 65 Chapter 16 Software Reference This dialog allows the properties of the selected Event Marker to be edited The first line is the text displayed on the Event Marker flag and the large edit box allows more descriptive notes to be added and saved with the marker Use lt Ctrl gt lt Return gt to add a newline to the note The marker is not updated until the Update button is clicked The dialog will show the properties of any newly selected marker if a different marker is selected whilst the Edit Marker Dialog is open This makes it quicker to view the contents of many markers 16 17 7 3 Edit New Marks Enable this option to always open up the Edit Markers dialog box whenever a new marker is created This is particularly useful if descriptive markers are required during recording The suggested procedure is i Press t
27. 2 16 18 6 2 Cascade command Window menu 92 16 18 6 3 Tile command Window menu 92 16 18 6 4 Window Arrange Icons Command 92 16 18 6 5 Dimension list uictor ene rtt titt etae 92 16 187 Help Ment senretene Grote Par Ie a etie genae tt 97 16 19 TOG BA S dcin coe E die oet RIS e Lo R NE eas 93 16 20 Status BOX tede e e edere secs ete dese vecti cecus 93 I7 POU ESI OO 5 urea aee Gus tede et vec etu av Res 95 174s CE apES COME OES NOES AME ioo eds Rind ete Haee NIE RE 95 LD7 2 NO video SIgnals aa qo uie tote yel Qro ba Uo te rua ordeum eee ugs 96 ccm prm NM 96 Jin o qc CT 98 List of Tables 5el 7 way BINDER 712 SOCKEU heene nnn fai leu nde rese sss 14 222 9 way female D CODDectoF iuo ee eke cade peer etie cede gees 14 5 3 9 way male D connector 4 onde tits in eee ek 15 16 1 Export data Header Format ect eate usd eec uida s 68 16 2 FIR T second RC Miter caedes Pasta a aE E seid svo atus ge oe T 16 3 Keyboard commands and shortcuts eene 69 16 4 Analysis of compressors for AVI file output using 128 frame test file mve fhilesize 56 2231 940 bytes osi e eee o YE ON RUPEE D REL iR 81 16 5 Velocity results after video compression 83 List of Figures 3 1 GAMA Schematic rct dee e e EE EE EE ER exer eetoa riy 4 3 2 Beam Profile at Focal Point eeecseeeeeeeeeeeeneee eene eene nennen n
28. 5 04 Intel Lowest 209 5 84 43 137 12 812 Indeo Video 5 1 ntelTM Highest 162 96 60 55 769 14 545 Indeo Video 5 1 Divx MPEG4 Lowest 0 0 100 0 014 Low Motion 84 Chapter 16 Software Reference CODEC Quality of Velocity 196 GOOD Velocity of name image um error Uncom pressed file size Divx MPEG4 Highest 512 92 96 39 218 3 0127 Low Motion Divx MPEG4 Lowest 0 0 100 0 014 High Motion Divx MPEG4 Highest 526 81 91 42 988 1 494 IHigh Motion IBrooktree Lowest 368 12 92 0 084 149 993 YUV 411 IRaw 16 IBrooktree Highest 368 12 92 0 084 149 993 YUV 411 IRaw 16 IFull Frames Lowest 368 43 93 0 100 uncom pressed no codec Full Frames Highest 368 43 93 0 100 uncom pressed no codec 16 18 1 10 Import Image Use this function to import an image into the currently active image If the ROI is not empty then it is possible to import into the destination ROI The image size is not changed or clipped by the destination ROI but its top left corner is aligned with the destination ROI top left hand corner 85 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 1 11 Open Cytoscan file See the OPS Analysis User Guide for details 16 18 1 12 Print Preview command File menu Use this command to display the active document as it would appear when printed When you choose this command the main window will be replaced with a print
29. Cam1 and CapiScope User Manual KK Technology Cam1 and CapiScope User Manual by KK Technology version 3 0 Edition Published 03 07 2004 Copyright 2004 by KK Technology Table of Contents ECAM eee EE S i DL WIPO GUCHON 2552656 eod e a c p Mn 1 2 SAFE LY PRECAUTIONS sierot ere atietan Weit perti a twp uas 1 2A Electrical Safety soa event rte beat co ee eden mp Ups rn a p n RISUS 1 2 2 aser Salety ator Avge Stute E aeons eet Gai ees 1 2 9 Certification a ei tee obi ueded e iu aet ue de Giles 2 SAC Ro a Por per 4 Sed RROICIenee Sai enceinte ott eit lta e A oe e bitis 8 4 CapiScope CAMI Components eeeeseeeeeeeeeeee eene eene eene nne 11 SCCONNBECTION DETAILS imienin even ates cesses ua nasi E A 14 JNMeLI UP aaa 14 5 2 CapiScope PU Interface Card CapiScope connector 14 5 3 CapiScope PU Interface Card ADC connector ssse I5 6 INS TATE ATION s gatssivtetensecsttye ene so ona seams heus n eel eques 16 6 1 PU Connections s oce erede be Reo epe td Gus 16 6 2 OC ANON Me EEE EEE ESERE EI E iR 16 7 USING THE CAML 5 tosta REO SIEG N SEGUI SOR ING DOES 17 Td oet S OBECPU scie tec codo me E Re DRE NU IH tU Cre hti Den comis di 17 7 2 Positioning and Focusing 255 Lect ne E Reet Uke tide 17 Pod AMI AY Checken eat cette Seen os opener Lausanne 19 PAV APOIO D ssa ooi r d rro Turnen edis sido aate caisses dus 19 1 5 Holding the EInger e ee
30. Properties In the Driver tab it is possible to change the memory setting Make sure it is at least 0x200000 95 Chapter 17 Troubleshooting If you get the following Error Starting Program The wFxE5 85 DLL file cannot start Check the file to determine the problem this is probably because of an old version of WPX5_95 DLL in the CapiScope folder Copy the newer file from c PX5 bin WPX5_95 DLL into C KK Technology CapiScope 17 2 No video signal f no video is visable check the frames per second indicator on the status box It should give a value fluctuating around fps 25 0 PAL European system or fps 30 0 NTSC US system The video input is connected to the right input For the ImagenationPX610 there are two BNC connectors The lowest BNC is a trigger input the top BNC closest to the multipin D connector is the video input The video source has been switched on i e the IPS Isolator Power supply mains switch is on rear panel and VCR f using an LCD monitor check the brightness and contrast settings Sometimes the low contrast when out of focus just gives the impression of no video signal 96 Chapter 17 Troubleshooting 17 3 97 Index 2D View menu 88 always on top 88 Advanced analysis 59 Average 72 avi 81 CODEC 81 CODEC comparison 83 compression 81 Bandwidth 55 increase 55 reduce 56 Brightness 73 Buffers 51 Calculation parameters 45 Calibration Validi
31. The grey level profile along the line is taken for each field every 1 50th of a second 1 60th second for NTSC based systems Note that standard video formats have 25 or 30 frames per second but each frame is made from 2 interlaced fields Even numbered lines make the even field and odd numbered lines make the odd field Usually each field is captured seperately and then sent whilst the next field is being captured 41 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement Ks Grey level profile The grey level pattern along each line is compared to the pattern from the next field or several fields later for very low velocities The comparison is performed by calculating the correlation coefficient for every possible shift of the previous grey level profile relative to the new profile The shift which produces the highest correlation and which can be seen as the peak in the correlation the y scale is multiplied by 1000 in the following figure indicates the distance that the pattern travelled between the two grey level profile measurements 42 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement Bs 2D trace profile Since the time laspe between the two grey level profiles is known ie 1 50th second the velocity is easily calculated CapiScope displays the correlation along with the velocity trace cbv as a colour map showing red for a high correlation through to blue for low correlation If the correlation is below a preset limit then it is
32. Therefore when first using the CAM1 experiment with subjects with warm hands or stimulate high velocities by pinching or scraping the surface Faster flows also give a much stronger signal so making them easier to practice with Slow velocities require that the subject is very still otherwise it will be difficult to distinguish between capillary flow and tissue movement Position over the top of the arterial or venous limb For low flows this may be determined by noting the direction of flow on the video monitor For higher flows or skin with poor images this may not be possible One should then either measure both limbs or allow for a lower overall average reading assuming that half of measurements may be from the arterial limb and half from the venous limb 24 Chapter 8 Measuring Velocity Using the CAM1 This image shows some of the possible sites which should give good Doppler signals Note the capillary in the centre of the image This capillary loop folds over near the surface but the arterial and venous limbs should give good signals Even though they cannot be visualised in the image because of scattering in the tissue the longer wavelength laser is scattered less and enough signal can sometimes be obtained to give good measurement The four measurement points in the bottom centre should be treated with care Since the two capillaries are so close together some signal may be picked up from the adjacent vessel This should be vis
33. You may evaluate the feature for a maximum of one month email democode kktechnology com for a new passcode and enter it here or request a full copy from your supplier Enter the passcode number here Include the minus sign if neccessary The passcode is valid until the end of the calendar month 11 3 Dynamic features passcode input ES This was a time limited demo of dynamic capillaroscopy features You may evaluate the feature for a maximum of one month email democode kktechnology com for a new passcode and enter it here or request an upgrade to your security key from your supplier 29000054 Cancel 31 Chapter 11 Start Up An additional passcode is required if the dynamic features are enabled Enter the passcode number here Include the minus sign if neccessary The passcode is valid until the end of the calendar month 11 4 Select Profile CapiScope Select Profile Lx You can initialise CapiScope with one of the profiles below Any changes to calibration constants calculation parameters user settings or window placement will only effect the selected profile You can use descriptive sentences for your profiles using any characters legal for long filenames Cancel Add copy remove reset to default Different profiles can be selected These store user settings and calculation parameters and magnification settings Using different profiles could be used for example by differ
34. a E AEA KE EE AOS ETa 36 12 8 Step Be Velocity o eia AAE AAEE RE 38 13 Magnification Calibration y cisicecicostenctvasetees ee natn tyseaaveetsonnaveabcesandegetacaavens 39 14 Vel ity Measurement reii e E vad EAE E 41 DI I DBGOES EE E E E T EES 41 14 2 Making Velocity Measurements serene 43 12 2 T Measuremelt Lie ciae epi ORO IFCEI EY ERU FER RR ooa 43 1402 2 MOSGITICHE S tc sce E ETHER UR SOS IR QU QU teen Caius 44 14 3 Calculation parameters ese D ed E nef echt ees tees enn 45 14 351 alculate cby enen Ooth ten rives cai itn ot 45 14 3 2 Subtract SCAMS 3 css eer eo tasto eas e aE RE e peo eaae 45 4 323 SEU Sample Tate eden edet re ve dre REP US 45 14 3 4 CBV calculation parameters eere 46 14 3 4 1 cbv method from linescan esses 46 14 3 4 2 Number of correlations to smooth 46 14 3 4 3 Linescan sample periods between correlations 46 14 3 4 4 Correlation coeficient lower acceptable limit 47 1352 Movement Correction uices rice RITU ERG RR S RENI REREI MER ds 48 I5 T Introduction ioco oes i Ret ge VEI eS a ARAS GVEIAINS GENS Gwe Ge 48 15 2 Automatic Movement Correction eese 48 15 3 Manual Movement Corrections cuo eese eeo ste de odepe esti go ideas 48 VS Be Tracking s eret eX ai E aA 48 15 312 Drag AND cesso tee opes e eer abs eau fe ee TE Cea E 49 15 4 Reset movemen
35. age calculations The default value and Set to zero and skip should be suitable for 77 Chapter 16 Software Reference many cases The dropouts may be from loss of signal due to tissue movement or gaps in the erythrocytes passing through the capillary The high limit is primarily used for excluding noise spikes generally caused by laser reflections from the tissue surface This is not as effective as the low level filter since it is difficult to distinguish between the sharp rise from the cardiac pulse and noise Using an absolute value on small sections at a time may be most appropriate To apply only the artifact filter to a trace Smooth the trace using a zero time constant 16 17 26 1 Artifact Limit Enter a value here for the limit of acceptable values Either absolute values or percent of the last valid value can be used 16 17 26 1 1 Absolute Value Set the limit to an absolute value Units of the currently active trace in the current view are used Any values above or below this will be considered as artifact Action to be taken is set by the Filter Action 16 17 26 1 2 Percent The percentage of the last valid value is used as the artifact limit All values above or below this level are treated as artifact 16 17 26 2 Filter Action 16 17 26 2 1 No Action Ignore this artifact limit and calculate all points 78 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 26 2 2 Repeat last valid value The last value withi
36. ail supportK K Technology com or your local distributor 27 ll CapiScope Table of Contents LO Friseure ru etc 29 JN SS CA d Bj eee cO eO 30 12 Step by Step Guile vives ssa isch cies herr Ee e Doa Cerro ERPa ein Dub Reb Ev iar Era eh bob Ero rp PL CS FoU Tp EVE 33 13 Magnification Calibration s cccccssscrssssscscecsscsescnssscanenssdensdcsscensassvscsansssceonussecsoess 39 14 Velocity Measurement NETT T T 41 15 Movement Correction iss ee ese RISE ob Ioa Keis saovssseoubocshoc re esa ss Ev Ee iip Ce a ein eU 48 16 Software Reference scsi cncecsesssscasiessseessvsassactscsnsveacocnncenssscss svessenssdvecdonshcvasssaseevaete 51 17 Tro blesho0Ume uidi eed evt Eo da ab a ua no to eile on a Rer auras Fee aca bel vbaka t LE eod pEM Eo Pera 0 95 Chapter 10 Introduction The CapiScope Image Acquisition and Analysis software provides a simple and uncomplicated means to capture and store capillaroscopy images from video onto a Personal Computer The video source can be a live signal direct from the KK Technology CAMI Capillary Anemometer KK Technology VCS Video Capillaroscopy System any video camera or a pre recorded signal from a VCR Previously digitised video sequences can also be imported from avi files and also read directly from a Cytometrics Cytoscan via a network connection Live video can be displayed on the computer screen Input brightness and contrast can be controlled using slider controls to optimise the dynamic ran
37. an be altered by clicking the trace with the right mouse button or using the Trace Properties command in the edit menu A Trace Properties Dialog box allows properties such as the trace name and trace colour to be altered Note that some colours may not be printed on non colour printers 16 17 4 2 Selecting Trace Data Click on the trace to select data by using the left mouse button Drag the mouse whilst holding the left button down Selected data will be highlighted Use the Copy Tool Bar button lt CTRL gt lt Insert gt keys or lt CTRL gt C keys to copy the data into the clipboard In the current version this is stored in a private format which can only be used by CapiScope Use the Tool Bar button to calculate averages etc the results will be appended to the last activated Results window or if no results windows are open then a new results file will be created 62 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 4 3 Adding a Trace to a File Use the Paste Tool Bar button or lt SHIFT gt lt Insert gt or lt CTRL gt V keys to insert data from the clipboard into the currently active trace window If the window contains a marked selection then the data will be copied to that location otherwise it is copied to the start 16 17 5 Display Rate Data can be displayed at any rate independent of the data rate Additionally two or more windows can be used to show the data at different rates For example use WindowlDuplicate Window to p
38. andwidth sample rate 512 data points from the Doppler shift signal is always used to calculate each sample 256 points for a 64 point FFT therefore a slow Doppler sample rate means the data takes longer to acquire For example the lowest bandwidth 6 25kHz takes about 70ms for 512 samples The ADC sample rate is hardware controlled but the processing of each 512 sample block to produce the velocity measurement is achieved by software polling of a hardware timer The hardware timer is polled continuously whilst waiting for user input If the PC cannot process and display the data fast enough then missing samples will be filled in by copying the latest value into all missing data points This can be seen in the 51 16 3 16 4 Chapter 16 Software Reference trace as horizontal lines in the output at high x scale magnification Because of this any user operations which delay the software polling by over one sample period will cause missing data and flats in the trace Clear All Traces Use this command to clear all traces to zero Useful for clearing old data away from the input buffers before recording fresh data Only available for the CAMI monitor window Note the traces themselves are not deleted but are cleared and all values set to zero Any unsaved data will be lost forever Input channel Use this command to select an alternative source for the Doppler input This could be used to take measurements from Doppler signal previ
39. ar 54 duration 54 memory 54 Keyboard shortcuts 69 using in charts 62 Laser noise 19 on off 55 safety 1 specification 5 LCD monitor 95 Light Source 17 Location position 16 Magnification Calibration 39 Maintenance 27 Markers 65 edit dialog 65 edit new 66 enable and disable 66 event 65 image 65 image create 66 Measurements 26 Menu advanced 77 edit 63 tools 90 99 Movement 45 movement correction automatic 48 dragging 49 Introduction 48 manual 48 resetting offsets 50 tracking 49 Password 31 Positioning 18 Power Spectrum 60 Pulsatility Index 59 Recording start 55 stop 55 References 8 Remove pulse 71 Resistance Index 60 Safety 1 Sample rate Input Settings 53 Trace Properies dialog 75 Servicing 27 Settings menu 89 calibrate 89 grid 90 magnification 89 timer 89 units 89 Signal Strength 59 Status Box 71 Storage 27 Superpro key 95 Surface preparation 23 Toolbar 72 Tools menu counting 91 dimension lines 91 freehand dimension lines 91 freeze video input 91 grab live video 91 origin 90 pan image 90 region of interest 90 timer 91 Trace adding 63 clear all 52 copying 61 dialog 74 hide 73 length 75 name 75 properties 74 properties dialog 62 selecting data 62 selection dialog 76 smoothing 74 start position 75 view 76 window 62 troubleshooting 95 Using keyboard 62 mouse 61 VCR 52 Velocity
40. aximum are entered into the most recently active Results file If no result file is open then a new one is created automatically Each new average calculation is appended to the Result file 72 Chapter 16 Software Reference Data is taken from the active trace from the leftmost selected point up to the rightmost point Zero points are excluded from the average but this can be changed using the Artifact Filter Dropout and noise artifacts can be excluded from the result by using the Artifact Filter Data can be selected from the result file and copied to any other Windows application Perhaps the primary use will be to copy results into a spreadsheet application such as Excel 16 17 18 Hide Trace Use this command to hide the currently active trace The trace remains active although it is hidden from view Activating a hidden trace automatically reveals it 16 17 19 Increase Brightness LJ Use this command to increase the brightness of the currently active Doppler spectrum This actually reduces the value associated with the brightest colour of the current palette This only effects the displaying of the spectrum in the current view it does not alter the actual data 16 17 20 Decrease Brightness Ed this command to reduce the brightness of the currently active Doppler spectrum This actually increases the value associated with the brightest colour of the current palette 73 Chapter 16 Software Refe
41. d fits to the CAMI probe and the CCD camera DC IN SYNC Warning Do NOT use any other cable to extend the cable supplied with the CAM1 Doing so WILL damage the CAM1 the PU and also the interface board Although the connectors are the same type as used for serial RS232 cables the internal wiring from to connector to connector is different The other 25 pin ADC connector on the interface card provides output of the Doppler signal for the ADC card A short ADC ADC cable connects the two ADC connectors 6 2 Location Ideally locate the PU on a different surface to the CAMI to prevent any problems with vibrations from the PU cooling fans and feeedback from the speakers Make sure the cooling inlet and outlets are kept clear to maintain efficient cooling by the fans 16 Chapter 7 USING THE CAM1 7 1 Light Source An array of high intensity light emmitting doides LEDs within the CAMI lens provides the illumination for the iaging of the capillaries The brightness of the LED array is adjusted by the knob on the front panel of the CapiScope PU It is usually best to adjust the CapiScope video input settings first See Video input control Set the gain to 1 0 and the brightness and contrast to midpoint If you adjust the LEd brightness level when looking at the skin surface then apply oil you will then need to increase the LED brightness Usually once set the LED brightness doesnt need to be adjusted very often y
42. d save to disc F6 Next window shift F6 Previous window F8 Calculate Average F9 Laser ON OFF F10 Start Stop recording TAB Activate next trace up cursor magnify y scale halve full scale down cursor minify y scale double full scale Hn magnify x scale minify x scale left cursor scroll one pixel right right cursor scroll one pixel left page up scroll left 3 4 screen page down scroll right 3 4 screen Home move to start of active trace End imove to end of active trace ctrIN File New ctrlO File Open ctrlS File Save ctrIP File Print ctrlC edit copy ctriInsert edit copy ctrlV edit paste shiftInsert edit paste ctrlX edit cut shiftdelete edit cut 70 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 12 Remove Pulse Use this function to filter the currently active line trace Does not work for Doppler spectrums Designed to remove the pulsatile component Does not introduce any phase lag This command destroys the original data in the selection of the trace 16 17 13 Selecting Data Select data for Averaging or copying to the clipboard or for Smoothing or other calculations by pressing down the left mouse button and dragging whilst holding down the left button Selected data will be highlighted If the active trace changed when the left button was pressed switch back to the desired active trace using the TAB key Switching trace
43. dsheet such as Excel via the clipboard 16 17 2 Axes 16 17 2 1 Using the mouse The x and y scales can be altered by clicking on the ERE buttons on the respective axes The view of the data can be scrolled along the x axis by using the ScrollBar on the bottom of the Trace window The left and right arrow buttons on the scroll bar scroll all the traces by one pixel Clicking with the left button on either side of the scroll box the traces are scrolled 3 4 of the visible view Dragging the scroll box scrolls the traces accordingly The y scale can be offset by clicking on the y axis with the left mouse button and dragging up or down The y axis controls only effects the traces in the same Y group as the currently active trace 61 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 3 Using the Keyboard The x axis scale can be increased or decreased by using the and keys Use the up and down cursor keys for the y axis scale Use the Page Up Page Down Home End cursor left and right keys to scroll along the x axis See Keyboard below 16 17 4 Traces A trace window or file can contain more than one trace Each trace has its own y axis but only one y axis is visible at any one time To activate a trace click on it using the left mouse button or use the TAB key to activate the next trace The currently active trace is indicated by its name displayed in the Status 16 17 4 1 Trace Properties The trace properties c
44. e The grey level profile along the line is by default sampled on every field of the video sequence This setting alows a lower sampling rate for lower velocity measurements It is recommended to leave this at the default value of 1 unless you are measuring for a long period eg directly from the live video window with 45 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement truely live video or from video tape and so need to reduce the memory requirements of the linescan window 14 3 4 CBV calculation parameters C Hough Transform fast flows C Temporal correlation No of correlations to smooth p No of linescan sample periods between correlations 1 Correlation coeficient lower acceptable limit E No of points for temporal correlation This dialog box enables fine tuning of the velocity measurement 14 3 4 1 cbv method from linescan This contains some experimental options Please leave at the default Spatial Correlation setting 14 3 4 2 Number of correlations to smooth This provides a smothing function to the correlations Without smoothing the cbv trace would have many intermittent short spikes Increasing the number of corrleations smoothed reduces the peak correlation coeficient Therfore the correlation coeficient limit will need to be adjusted to a lower value 46 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement 14 3 4 3 Linescan sample periods between correlations Increase this value for lower ve
45. e all lower or all higher than the current point in order for that point is considered a peak or a minimum 16 16 5 Resistance Index Create and calculate the resistance index for the current selection of the currently line active trace Resistance Index Peak systolic minimum diastolic Peaksystolic The systolic and diastolic traces created during the calculations are left to help identify any artifacts These can be deleted if desired Select Edit Smooth Selection to smooth the resulting Resistance Index trace if desired 16 16 6 Calculate Power Spectrum Use this function to calculate a 256 point colour coded power spectrum from the currently active line trace Creates 1 PSD point for each block of 512 data points in the sourcetrace Note the DC value is not saved since WCAM1 saves the bandwidth in the 0 Hz bin 60 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 Charts 16 17 1 Introduction to charts Charts are documents that contain data in the form of traces A chart can contain many traces Traces can be moved between charts or duplicated via the clipboard To copy a section of a trace to another chart first select a section of the trace copy to the clipboard then paste into the other chart Traces can be smoothed low pass filtered and averaged The results of average calculations are placed in Results documents These can be saved to disc Selected results from a Results document can be copied to a sprea
46. e and directory When you save a document for the first time CapiScope displays the Save As dialog box so you can name your document If you want to change the name and or directory of an existing document before you save it choose the Save As Command By default the image will be saved with the same name as the CapiScope document but with a kkg extension a KK Technology format If you want the image to be saved with a different filename and or format then use the Edit Notes function to change the image filename before saving the document Note only the kkg format is supported for saving the ROI See Export To always save in a different format edit the profile s ini files in the program folder using notepad Add the following line imagetype bmp Currently the available formats are kkg default KK Technology bmp windows bitmap and tif tagged image format Video sequence data is saved with a mve extension a KK Technology format To save in an avi format use the Export as avi command File menu Shortcuts Toolbar Keys CTRL S 16 18 1 5 Save As command File menu Use this command to save and name the active document CapiScope displays the Save As dialog box so you can name your document To save a document with its 80 Chapter 16 Software Reference existing name and directory use the Save command To save an image in a different format see the Save command and the Export conmand 16 18 1 6 Export Di
47. e etae i aded 20 7 0 Usine adhesive pads ue eee a Sema i d vero Ee ERE ES 20 k teUsing Nail GI 5 an obe eae opertis line ec aana 22 FS uriace Preparation o oar ves i heip eed i ones a Cete ey rte es ose 23 8 Measuring Velocity Using the CAM L eene 24 SL Selecting a Capillary cie ete dice t SER HER OR MU SE Ite RH Repo eS 24 5 2 Taking Measuterfe ils niodo es toes aves foe Ira EE inpassen 26 9 Looking altter tie CAM aiii tito etico Eo toI t Cibo tc ade 27 9 1 Maintenance and Cleaning sae crecen e rp et a e eee RS REUS ent base 27 9 2 I VACARE aa e Em 21 TEC AS COG usui eue tai scade Rla Miet eodd Eee ERI aean as e Leu ER SEDE Fe REM ESEE AGREE RR RE DELE 6S 28 10 Introduction intei lees tier otis al ciue tedio ui d 29 I pes th aia Rope PR 30 11 1 Selecting functions sies ete eer E ea ERN t 30 11 25 Demo passcode aeuo aie e RR RO v letti vete EA 3l 11 3 Dynamic features passcode s sedis Rn redet Ere NET UR 31 KI 4 Select ura anr e a ae 32 12 Step by Step Guide oases E ERE E dea salads O EE EE 33 12 1 Step 1 Displaying Video 5 terrent eeu teneis terae ton 33 12 2 Step 2 Dimension Lines eee etos teertert tct des ov EE ee den 33 12 3 Step 3 Diameter measurement xc oso osa perpe pp heise eis 34 12 4 Step 4 Measure etsi eor dne qe YCHIA ERR EOPI ANNEXES Er Re co fev Qe b Eee 35 12 9 Ste pus NOES en e a E a cee io tod aus 35 12 6 Step 6 Saying i5 ose A EEA EAA EEEE AE S EA 36 12 7 Step 7 VIMEO en erar
48. e is shown below right Chapter 3 Theory CBY mm s me secands First results using the CAM1 have been published by MORRIS et al 1996 ST CKER et al 1996 and ALTMEYER et al 1997 3 1 References Altmeyer P Hoffmann K St cker Kutane Mikrozirkulation Springer ISBN 3 540 62564 X pp 188 199 Bollinger A Fagrell B Eds 1990 Clinical Capillaroscopy Hogrefe amp Huber Publishers Bonner R F Clem T R Bowen P D and Bowman R L 1981 Laser Doppler continuous real time monitor of pulsatile and mean blood flow in tissue microcirculation in Born G V R Melling A Whitelaw J H 1978 Chapter 3 Theory Laser Doppler microscope for blood velocity measurements Biorheology 15 pp 163 172 Chen S Chu B and Nossal R Eds NATO advanced study institutes series Series B physics Plenum Press New York USA pp 685 701 Cochrane T Earnshaw J C 1978 Practical laser Doppler microscopes J Phys E Sci Instrum Vol 11 pp196 198 Drain L E 1980 The Laser Doppler Technique John Wiley amp Sons Einav S Berman H J Fuhro R L DiGiovanni P R Fridman J D Fine S 1975 Measurement of blood flow in vivo by laser Doppler anemometry through a microscope Biorheology 12 pp 203 205 Einav S Berman H J Fuhro R L DiGiovanni P R Fine S Fridman J D 1975 Measurement of velocity profiles
49. e terne rre 5 I CAM1 Table of Contents T Introd ctloDi ooecoiess erro prise eee vorn ed esas evt oae net vea cue soie Nose pee o ed e dae CIS Y naa ene 1 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIQONS aene inb ncc e esee n sube enn n bR o FRpa e PER PR REPE e FEN RE ore EgES 1 So TROT Y i chicas teas Us ved Petr ao ERE REOR EE ET a fes c Ese oa Ru 4 4 CapiScope CAM1 Components ceres eee e eene ee eee te ee eee en es etta sese tensa seo 11 5 CONNECTION DETAILS ciceicsnscasecssndcedussesssoumnauel Ente UR EkR Eno PE CK rtka MER PE en PEEL GePEIR 14 G INSTAEIATIONcscucndetscib Ete Poo ERES PM E RHRMM LED Eeph eva EP in t b iR esros EE 16 7 USING THE CAMA siscccsseccsscscensstecvsdevsgsessdbsasenseieipenneedessvereessssesved sosvevesssopssveste 17 8 Measuring Velocity Using the CAM I eee ecce eese eee ee eee eee enne nete no aeo 24 9 Looking after the C AM iiic ree showed bebe Ge Sabor Poe dpEvk eiae To obi ida a Re PER Ede 27 Chapter 1 Introduction This User Manual describes the CAM1 Capillary Anemometer CapiScope System This system consists of the CAMI probe and the CapiScope Processing Unit The CAMI measures blood cell velocity using a low power near infrared laser This is focused to a 10 micron diameter spot which can be positioned onto the apex of any capillary that is visible or barely visible through the skin surface The built in CCD camera allows continuous monitoring of the capillary position on
50. ent users so that settings are not unexpectedly changed Or they can be used to automatically provide the correct setings for different experimental setups 32 Chapter 12 Step by Step Guide 12 1 Step 1 Displaying Video Launch CapiScope by clicking on its icon Start grabbing images by clicking on the gt Grab video button You can adjust the Contrast and Brightness of the Input image using the Video Input control Click on View on the menu and select Video Input control Change the video input gain by selecting from the list of available gains Press the pan button Click on the image and drag with the left mouse button The image should move with the mouse 12 2 Step 2 Dimension Lines Click on the measurement button and then click on the LI counting button Then click on capillaries using the left mouse button Each point has a number next to it From the Windows menu select Dimension List This will open the dimension list window Add some more points to the video window Note how each new point is added to the dimension list Click on the PA dimension line button Click the left mouse button on the image Move to a new point and click to add a new node Note how the cursor position is displayed in the second indicator pane in the staus bar The third indicator pane shows the x and y distance from the last node To end the line double click the left 33 Chapter 12 Step by Step Guide mouse button or pr
51. er content 57 16 14 Find Average csse texte esee uraa aE SENE PNE nR aed n 58 16 15 Threshold Dialog C onfrol earn reget eee ea penne 58 16 6 Advanced ANALYSIS 555 cee Gre casc tee danctalocedousvsqeSen ed EYE ME 59 1616 1 Signal SUS ST c eee eiiean org 59 16 160 2 POWEECODLOUE 5o o eaedem pd edd 59 16 16 3 Level COonto r sese etis e t eae HR OR Reto PER ectUaE 59 16 16 4 Pulsatility Index eite tette nete pinea tais 59 16 16 5 Resistance Indek aote staat ces o hayes teal ro e bored 60 16 16 6 Calculate Power Spectrum eeeeeseeeeneree 60 16 L7 Caisse eene b bl vecti senta ve E sedes 60 16 17 1 Introduction to charts ss eas eost ee peti dpi ee kee eee 61 IM PA ARES ER 61 1617 21 Usine The HOUSE ts edere ede me eth farei tes yeobd taies 61 16 17 3 Using the Keyboard i eee eere tte eene eoe teneee 61 16174 CCS ten e ieee e iE ER EEE M 62 10 174 1 Trace Properti S sieniin aoe ewe 62 16 17 4 2 Selecting Trace Data seinen 62 16 17 4 3 Adding a Trace to a File ess 62 6 17 59 DISpIay AS as euo reos Ri eru ER RO RE RR RON PURA 63 IG T7 5 Bdit iie Gus Guava yeas eases epe del unm wseanita ordeum uve pudo 63 16 17 6 1 Edit Copy command ese ere eaves 63 16 17 6 2 Edit Cut command eere 63 16 17 6 3 Edit Delete Command sees 64 16 17 6 4 Edit Paste command
52. ess escape The start position and the total length is added to the dimension list Select Grey Level from the Window menu This will open a Grey Level chart window Go back to the Live Video window and add a dimension new line Notice how the grey level profile along the line is displayed in the Grey Level window Note too that it is updated twice per second Press the M button to freeze the image Click on the first point on any dimension line This now becomes the active line all nodes on the line will be shown as crosses and the grey level profile will be shown in the Grey Level chart Click on a dimension line and drag it by holding down the left mouse button the Grey Level profile will be continously updated as the line is moved 12 3 Step 3 Diameter measurement Draw a line perpendicular to a vessel Right click on the first point of the line and select Set line width from the pop up menu Set a width in pixels In this image the width is 40 pixels pet Click on the diameter measurement button This will open the grey level window to show the grey level along the line averaged over the width of the line The detected vessel diameter is highlighted and the dialog box shows the calcualted vessel diameter 34 Chapter 12 Step by Step Guide z ELT DE scusa 557 level profile Dixi O sl es1 line fk 51 000 pixel dx 26 000 pixel diameter 26 0 pixel Reject Value Skip Use To
53. et char 68 trace name NULL terminated 7 DATA FORMAT For line traces the data consists of sequential array of elements the first being the oldest point the last is the youngest For 2D traces the data is a sequential array of 256 or 64 point arrays Each 256 64 point array being one spectrum 0Hz bandwidth 16 17 9 FIR filter Enables multi tapped filtering of the current selection A dialog box allows to enter the filename containing the weights for each tap For unity gain the sum of the weights should equal 1 68 Chapter 16 Software Reference For example the following filter is similar to a 1 second RC filter but without the phase lag Table 16 2 FIR 1 second RC filter WEIGHT 0 06 0 09 0 1 0 15 0 2 0 15 0 1 0 09 0 06 This command destroys the original data in the selection of the trace 16 17 10 Import data Enables a new trace to be created from an arbitrary ASCII or binary source file Once the data has been imported use the Trace Properties editor to enter the correct scalings See also Export Data 16 17 11 Keyboard The following list shows keyboard commands and shortcuts for using CapiScope Table 16 3 Keyboard commands and shortcuts F1 Help shiftF1 Context Help 69 Chapter 16 Software Reference F2 ncrease bandwidth shiftF2 Decrease Bandwidth F4 Capture Image an
54. et correction is started 15 3 2 Dragging This function allows you to drag the image into the correct position using the left mouse button It is probably most useful for correcting individual images but can be used on sequences If using on a sequence it helps to have a dimension mark or line marking a feature than then be draged back to the marking dimension line You may also want to slow down the playback speed to make it easier to react Move the video to your desired start position then click down the left mouse button and drag the image to its corrected postion If you want to correct a sequence of images keep the left button down so that the total correction so far is remembered for following images then press the P key to play the sequence Drag the image into position as the video plays Release the left mouse button as soon as you want to stop corrections If the image has stopped moving around you will probably still 49 Chapter 15 Movement Correction want to keep the left button depressed until you reach the end of the video so that the remaining images are corrected too Note that this method uses the distance of the mouse from the position of the left button click as an offset to adjust to the current image s offset When the button is released no offset is applied When you click again a new offset correction is started 15 4 Reset movement correction offsets Use the Reset offsets function in the
55. ge of the image input signal A single frame or short video sequences can be captured by a mouse click keyboard CAMI marker or external trigger By using the mouse capillaries can be marked or dimensioned from live images frozen images or images previously saved to disk Capillary density either number or linear density can be quickly calculated Dimension and calculated data can be easily exported to other Window applications or spreadsheets such as Excel for further statistical analysis The optional Dynamic measurement version adds capillary blood cell velocity measurement automatic movement correction and continuous densiometry measurements The actual CapiScope file cs1 single image dcs video sequence contains the filename of the image data together with the dimensions list comments and capture time The image data is saved in a proprietry raw binary file kkg single image or mve video sequence or optionally windows bitmap bmp or tif formats Video can be exported as an avi file The optical magnification can be calibrated seperately for the x axis and y axis Dimensions can then be shown in either calibrated units or pixels 29 Chapter 11 Start Up When starting CapiScope you may be presented with one or all three dialog boxes described below 11 1 Selecting functions Some options require a valid security key or may be ie evaluated for a trial period by entering a passcode i Cancel
56. he spacebar to create the new marker The markers position is set to the time at which the spacebar is pressed ii Type in the label for the new marker and press return The only disadvantages using this method are that one or two data points may be lost whilst Windows creates the Edit Markers dialog box and that the Doppler Spectrum trace is not redrawn when the dialog box is closed WCAMI disables the Doppler trace redrawing whilst recording to minimise lost data Note the new marker is not redrawn with the new label until recording is stopped 16 17 7 4 Marker Mode Use this to enable disable the marker mode When enabled clicking the left mouse button will add an Event Marker to that position in the Chart 16 17 7 5 Image Markers If the KK Technology CapiScope imaging software is running then images can be captured and saved to disc automatically from CAMI A marker is also saved in 66 Chapter 16 Software Reference the CAMI chart along with the unique filename of the captured image Clicking on the marker with the left mouse button will reload the image into CapiScope automatically To create an image marker press the F4 function key The image will be saved in the current working directory of CapiScope The filename is created from the system clock which only has a resolution of 1 second Therefore attempts to save more than one image in quick succession will result in the second image overwriting the first image
57. ible in the Doppler spectrum as two peaks in the spectrum In this image taken close to the nailfold capillaries are folding over at the tops of the loops Here the laser should be positioned at the point where the capillaries start to bend At the nailfold the flow is perpendicular to the laser beam so there will be no Doppler shift However light may be reflected along the axis of the capillary and be shifted Try the apex of capillaries which are twisted sideways or points on tortuous 25 Chapter 8 Measuring Velocity Using the CAM1 loops which travel perpendicular to the surface and show up as darker points 8 2 Taking Measurements a Reduce the bandwidth EN down to the lowest level to maximise the resolution It can be switched at any time during the recording Too low a bandwidth will cause NI clipping of the signal Press i raise the bandwidth Typically most resting velocities will be less than 2 mm s therefore the lowest bandwidth of 6 25 kHz will be best When measuring low flows 4mm s the audio monitoring from the loudspeaker is very useful for maintaining the laser beam position on the capillary Above this the Doppler shift is out of the audio range so it becomes more difficult to judge a clean signal although it is still possible to asses signal strength Use the audio mixer utility supplied with the sound card to adjust the line volume A good signal gives an almost whistling sound from the
58. iftDelete 16 17 6 3 Edit Delete Command Use this command to remove the currently active trace from the chart If part of a trace is selected then the selection is set to zero no memory is freed All unsaved data will be lost forever Not available in the monitor window 16 17 6 4 Edit Paste command Use this command to insert a copy of the clipboard contents at the insertion point or the beginning of the Chart t 0 if there is no selection This command is unavailable if the clipboard is empty Traces cannot be pasted into the Monitor window Shortcuts Tool Bar Keys CTRLV SHIFTInsert 64 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 7 Markers 16 17 7 1 Event Markers Event Markers are small flags which can be used to mark events artifacts or Captured Images using CapiScope during a recording Markers can also be added later to highlight a feature An Event Marker contains a label which is shown on the flag and a notelet which can contain more detailed information Event Markers are stored with the Chart and are also Copied Pasted to from the clipboard together with the active trace Image Markers contain the filename of the captured image in the notelet Markers are added to a recording by pressing the space bar This will generate a marker with a sequential number for the label and will add the time and date to the notelet Alternatively a marker can be created by pressing any key the character from that key
59. ity Quality VDOnet all FAILED TO COMPRESS IVDOWave Cinepak Codec by all 786 432 2 10 IRadius Intel Indeo all FAILED TO COMPRESS Video R3 2 IntelTMIndeoGIYUV all FAILED TO COMPRESS Intel 4 2 0 Video gll FAILED TO COMPRESS IMicrosoft Video 1 lowest 508 928 1 10 IMicrosoft Video 1 highest 35 151 872 7 10 IMicrosoft RLE all 56 789 504 8 10 IMicrosoft H263 0 100 FAILED TO COMPRESS IMicrosoft H261 0 100 FAILED TO COMPRESS Intel Indeo lowest 292 352 5 10 Video 5 04 Intel Indeo highest 7 201 280 10 10 Video 5 04 IntelTMIndeoQ 4 5 lowest 2 600 960 4 10 Intel Indeo 4 5 highest 14 127 104 10 10 Intel Indeo lowest 2 473 084 8 10 Video 5 10 Intel Indeo highest 11 022 336 9 10 Video 5 10 Divx MPEG4 Low lowest 1 7 680 0 10 Motion Divx MPEG4 Low highest 6000 1 200 128 10 10 Motion Divx MPEG4 High lowest 1 7 680 0 10 Motion 82 Chapter 16 Software Reference CODEC Compression Filesize bytes Subjective Quality Quality Divx MPEG4 High highest 6000 353 792 7 10 Motion IMainConcept DV N A FAILED TO COMPRESS Codec 2 0 4 IBrooktree YUV N A 84 352 512 10 10 411 Raw 16 Full Frames N A 56 231 940 10 10 uncompressed 16 18 1 9 Import avi Use this to import avi files into a video sequence The CODEC used to create the avi file needs to have been installed on the compute
60. just click on the first point of the line and press the Del key on the keyboard Click on Window Linescan to open the linescan window which will be used to calculate the velocity Click on the title bar of the video window to reactivate it then press the play gt button again this time the velocity will be calculated as the video sequence is played Line scan O9 seis AA Click on the title bar of the linescan window to reactivate it then press the TAB key untill the status box shows that the cbv trace black trace is activated Spot measurements of capillary cell velocity can be read off from here 37 Chapter 12 Step by Step Guide O cby x 25 400 p 173 333 um s 12 8 Step 8 Velocity You can measure the average velocity by marking a section of the trace by dragging the mouse with the left mouse button held down fi Line scan Oj x Tay lana 1 AY ua ay seconds aE n Press the equals key or button to calculate the average cbv over the marked period E8 Chart Results _ E x name trace start end erage max min good Sum Line scan cbv 22 40 28 56 137 16 280 00 26 67 75 31546 7 ES WZ Note that periods where the correlation is poor cbv is set to zero and zero points are by default excluded from the average result The ratio of data points with good correlation to poor correlation is shown in the good column The coloured trace in the linescan window is a cor
61. lipped or aliased back into the set bandwidth The bandwidth is controlled by switching the sample rate of the raw Doppler signal There are no antialiasing filters It is recommended to start witha high bandwidth and switch to the lowest necessary for the measurement 16 9 2 Lower Doppler Bandwidth wel Use this command to lower the Doppler bandwidth Minimum bandwidth is 6 25kHz If the Doppler bandwidth is too low then the signal will be clipped or aliased back into the set bandwidth The bandwidth is controlled by switching the sample rate of the raw Doppler signal There are no antialiasing filters It is recommended to start with a high bandwidth and switch to the lowest necessary for the measurement 16 10 Calculating Velocity Use this command to recalculate the velocity from the currently active Doppler spectrum Either all or a selection of the Doppler spectrum can be used The resulting trace can be output to a new trace or replace the values in an existing trace The existing trace must have the same sample rate as the source Doppler spectrum Sections of an existing trace may be replaced enabling different detection thresholds to be used for different signal strengths in the recorded Doppler spectrum A modeless Threshold dialog control enables the threshold to be adjusted to the optimum level Press the apply button to recalculate the velocity 56 Chapter 16 Software Reference The Artifact Filter can also
62. lly 20mA 80 mA LEDs on Range 10V to 12V regulated 3 5V 10 supply typically 4 mA laser and LEDs off 70 mA laser on 140mA laser and LEDs on 4 supply OV 5 Doppler shift signal output 6 ILED control input OV 3V 7 Laser disable OV laser on open circuit or 5V laser off CCD camera supply 12V 1 6W Range 10 5 to 15V regulated 5 2 CapiScope PU Interface Card CapiScope connector Table 5 2 9 way female D connector pin function 1 ttlOV supply output 2 10V supply output 3 5V supply output H supply 0V 5 Doppler shift signal input 14 Chapter 5 CONNECTION DETAILS pin function 6 CCD OV return 7 CCD 12V supply 8 ILED brightness control output 9 Laser enable output laser on OV laser off 5V 5 3 CapiScope PU Interface Card ADC connector Table 5 3 9 way male D connector pin function 1 INC 2 INC 3 INC 4 signal ground 5 Doppler signal output 6 NC 7 NC 8 LED brightness control output 9 Laser control input 15 Chapter 6 INSTALLATION 6 1 PU Connections There are two connectors on the interface card a 9 pin CapiScope and a 25 pin ADC The top CapiScope connector provides the control and CAMI inputs The CAMI PU lead with the single male 9 way connector fits here The two connectors on the other en
63. locities to improve resolution 14 3 4 4 Correlation coeficient lower acceptable limit Use this parameter to remove noise from low correlations Values below this limit will give a zero cbv value Note that zero values are not included in the average calculations but this can be changed see artifact filter 47 Chapter 15 Movement Correction 15 1 Introduction Movement artifacts in video sequences can be corrected either automatically or manually by dragging the mouse Individual images selected images or the whole video sequence can be corrected These functions can be accessed using the Tools menu when a video sequence window is active Although good results can be obtained it always much better to try and make sure there is no movement in the first place especially if velocity measurements are going to be made For fast movements it will probably be better to split the images from frame into fields There will still be bluring of the image but this can be reduced beforehand by increasing the shutter speed on the CCD and increasing the light level to compensate 15 2 Automatic Movement Correction This function will try to automatically correct any movements in the video sequence It uses a least squares fit pixel by pixel so it can take quite some time processing full frame video It is best to experiment on a short say 5 second video sequence to get a feel for the performance on your computer When slected a dialog box
64. m i 7 o gt fir S To hide or display the Toolbar choose Toolbar from the View menu ALT V T The toolbar can be moved to any edge of the CapiScope window or dragged away to become a floating toolbar Click on the toolbar background with the left mouse button and drag to its new position A floating toolbar can be resized by dragging its edge or corner CapiScope amp CAM1 Dbi cst File Edit View Settings Controls Tools Window Help e Frozen Video Input size 1406 641 496 6 0 jp 036038V 00 m 16 20 Status Box 93 Chapter 16 Software Reference The status box displays information on the currently active window The indicators show in order from top to bottom The cursor position in the currently selected coordinates If not in pixels then the coordinates will be in calibrated units Grey Level Image grey level 0 255 at current cursor position Object size Image size or ROI size in calibrated units or pixels Input voltage range black 0 to white 255 Approximate Frame rate in frame per second 94 Chapter 17 Troubleshooting 17 1 CapiScope does not start Check that that CAMI has not been enabled in the ini profile file when there is no CAM1 interface card fitted Edit all ini files in the program directory usually c Program Files KK Technology NCapiScope Change the line camEN 1 to camEN 0 If CapiScope does not terminate normally the frame grabber may be no
65. mension List Use this function to save the dimension list as a TAB seperated text file which can be easily opened as an Excel spreadsheet see Also Export Image 16 18 1 7 Export Image Use this function to save either the whole image or if you currently have a Source ROI just part of the image to disc You will be prompted for a filename for the new image file Only the kkg format image files are fully supported at present TIFF and BMP files are only supported as whole images NOT the ROL If the currently active window is a chart or Dimension list then the data from that will be exported See Export Dimensions 16 18 1 8 Export as avi Use this function to export the video sequence as an avi format file You will be prompted to select one of the available CODECs COmpressor DECompressor available on your computer Note that not all CODECs can compress some are just decompressors and also some may not be available on other computers they may have been installed with another application For uncompressed output click on cancel 16 18 1 8 1 AVI Output compression Table 16 4 Analysis of compressors for AVI file output using 128 frame test file mve filesize 56 231 940 bytes CODEC Compression Filesize bytes Subjective Quality Quality 81 Chapter 16 Software Reference CODEC Compression Filesize bytes Subjective Qual
66. n the artifact limits is substituted for points falling outside the artifact limits 16 17 26 2 3 Set to zero amp skip If the output of the operation is a trace then the result for any points falling above or below the limits will be set to zero In the Smoothing operation the artifact value is ignored and does not influence the smoothed trace No compensation for the missing time is made For the Average calculations the point is simply ignored 16 18 Menu Commands 16 18 1 File Menu commands 16 18 1 1 New command File menu Use this command to create a new Image Video or Chart document in CapiScope You can open an existing document with the Open Command Shortcuts Toolbar Keys CTRL N 16 18 1 2 Open command File menu Use this command to open an existing document in a new window You can create new documents with the New Command Shortcuts Toolbar Keys CTRL O 79 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 1 3 Close command File Menu Use this command to close all windows containing the active document CapiScope suggests that you save changes to your document before you close it If you close a document without saving you lose all changes made since the last time you saved it Before closing an untitled document CapiScope displays the Save As dialog box and suggests that you name and save the document 16 18 1 4 Save command File Menu Use this command to save the active document to its current nam
67. nce of images It is disabled until a valid number of images has been set See Timer for setting the timer 91 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 6 Window Menu 16 18 6 1 New command Window menu Use this command to open a new window with the same contents as the active window You can open multiple document windows to display different parts or views of a document at the same time If you change the contents in one window all other windows containing the same document reflect those changes When you open a new window it becomes the active window and is displayed on top of all other open windows 16 18 6 2 Cascade command Window menu Use this command to arrange multiple opened windows in an overlapped fashion 16 18 6 3 Tile command Window menu Use this command to arrange multiple opened windows in a non overlapped fashion 16 18 6 4 Window Arrange Icons Command Use this command to arrange the icons for minimized windows at the bottom of the main window If there is an open document window at the bottom of the main window then some or all of the icons may not be visible because they will be underneath this document window 16 18 6 5 Dimension List Use this to Show Hide the Dimension List 92 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 18 7 Help Menu Click on Help to open this User Guide Click on About to see what the current version of Capiscope you are using 16 19 Toolbar ee e ie le
68. on at 780nm is low and the power at the focal point will be much reduced in normal use due to scattering within the tissue The CAMI uses continuous wave cw radiation so there are no thermoacoustic transients Latent or cumulative photochemical effects of laser radiation have not been found prevalent Chapter 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 2 3 Certification This product meets the provisions of Council Directive 93 42 EEC Medical Devices Directive Annex VII It complies with standards EN 60601 1 1990 Medical electrical equipment CLASS I TYPE B EN 60825 1 1994 Safety of laser products CLASS 3A Chapter 3 Theory There are several methods available for measuring blood cell velocity within single capillaries flying spot frame to frame and photometric correlation They are all image based techniques and can only measure flows in vessels lying parallel to the surface Since the measurement is derived from the image good high contrast images are necessary This is not always possible to obtain in many subjects and using standard video equipment restricts the maximum range of measurement to the order of 2 mm s Measuring velocities using the laser Doppler technique is well established and there are many applications in the study of fluid flow The technique was first demonstrated in 1964 YEH et al 1964 The first in vivo application of laser Doppler was the measurement of the velocity of blood cells in an 80 micron diameter retinal a
69. ou might find sing the Video input control easier Pigmented tissues will need consideral higher LED brightness levels If the LED brightness level is too high then the CCD will become saturated Adjusting the Video Input Control will just change the grey level of the saturated image i e you will get flat areas with no detail and adjusting the Video Input Control brightness will just make the flat area darker In this case you will need to lower the LED brightness If the LED brightness is too low and you compensate by increasing the Video Input Control brightness and or contrast then the image will be noisier grainier than it needs to be Also the CAMI laser spot will appear brighter than it needs to 17 Chapter 7 USING THE CAM 1 7 2 Positioning and Focusing Approximately adjust the three micropositioners to their midway position Adjust the post stop Warning Always make sure the post clamp is clamped before loosening the post stop The function of the post stop is to set an initial coarse focusing position and to prevent the CAMI falling when the post clamp is released Set the post stop so that the bottom of the illumination LEDs are just about 5 mm above the surface of the subject The post clamp allows the CAM1 to be rotated about the post without changing the focusing position Always make sure the post stop is clamped before loosening the post clamp 18 Chapter 7 USING THE CAM 1 Fine focusing
70. ously recorded onto the audio track of a video recorder for example This enables the raw Doppler signal to be recorded together with the video image of the capillary under investigation Data can be later captured and analysed This can help the analysis for subjects where the is a lotof movement and hence a lot of signal dropout or where a measurement isto be made over a long period and disc storage is a concern Note that the maximum velocity that can be recorded will be limited by the frequency range of the video recorder 20Hz 20 kHz for a goodquality VCR equivalent to a maximum of about 5 8 mm s 52 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 5 Input Settings Dialog Recorded Data Rate gm samples per second Cancel gt Doppler Spectrum Input Buffer CBV Input Buffer 4 M Enable Iv Enable Duas f2 fo DutiontH ms f f FFT Memory required C 64 points 4 kBytes 256 points E SEE 2 Use circular buffer 1200 kBytes Stop on CBV buffer full C Stop on Doppler buffer full C Stop on RAW buffer full r Raw data input buffer Enable Memory pr C UE Duration H M 5 p p p I OkBytes Use this dialog to edit the parameters of the input buffers of the currently active CAMI monitor 16 5 1 Sample rate Any sample rate from 4 to 100 samples per second can be set here Default value is 20 samples per second Thi
71. ppler shift The electrical signal from the photodetector is amplified and filtered within the CAMI The output from the CAMI is converted by the CAMI PC interface card at up to 100 000 samples per second EAT Eres s FRIULI Wa LM d MOM jJ Doppler signal ADT reading i w 3 WA 4 1035 ace 0 032 M LOT time s conde Chapter 3 Theory A sample of Doppler shift is shown The high frequency Doppler shift can be clearly seen along with low frequency amplitude variations due to the transit of the blood cell through the sample volume In situations with large gaps between blood cells the Doppler shift component will be weak and the lower frequency components will dominate This can cause problems at low flows When there is a continuous stream of blood cells these produce bursts with random amplitude and phase This leads to a broadening of the power spectrum and a lot of power in the pedestal component of the Doppler spectrum Power frequemy kHz The resulting Doppler shift power spectrum DSPS from this signal is shown above with a well defined narrow peak The power scale is uncalibrated The figure below shows how the DSPS is displayed by the CAMI software The raw data shown above is taken from one sample point at about the 44 seconds point in the figures below The highly pulsatile nature of the CBV in capillaries can be seen The calculated CBV trac
72. put buffer This setting allows the CAMI monitor to run continuously only saving the latest period as set in the duration settings 16 5 6 Stop on buffer full Causes the CAMI monitor to stop as soon as the buffer becomes full 16 5 7 FFT points Choose between 64 point and 256 point FFT calculations Obviously the 64 point will have lower frequency resolution and lower memory requirements but it does 54 Chapter 16 Software Reference allow faster and longer recordings 16 6 Laser On Off This command F9 switches the Laser on or off No warm up time is required for the laser 16 7 Start Recording Use this command to start recording data from the CAM 1 into the inputbuffers Monitor window The data is not saved to disc unless explicitlyrequested by the user Save by either selecting data copying to clipboard and pasting into another file or by savingthe whole input buffer using the Save command 16 8 Stop Recording Stops the current recording session The data is not saved to disc unless explicitly requested by the user Save by either selecting data copying to clipboard and pasting into another file or by saving the whole input buffer using the Save command 16 9 Doppler Bandwidth 16 9 1 Increase Doppler Bandwidth IN X Use this command to increase the Doppler bandwidth Maximum bandwidth is 5OKHz 55 Chapter 16 Software Reference If the Doppler bandwidth is too low then the signal will be c
73. r If it runs in the Microsoft Mediaplayer then it should load Some avi files with compressed video may have incorrect headers and will not be decompressed Mediaplayer probably guesses in these cases but CapiScope will only correctly formatted files 16 18 1 9 1 AVI Output compression Velocity and quality comparison of a good quality video sequence Demo mve 300 images File Size 86 020 804 bytes using various video codecs Tested with a 20um wide line from 304 8 116 to 296 199 2 Table 16 5 Velocity results after video compression CODEC Quality of Velocity 196 GOOD Velocity of name image um error 99 X Uncom pressed file size Cinpak Lowest 650 45 32 76 546 1 677 Codec by IRadius 83 Chapter 16 Software Reference CODEC Quality of Velocity 196 GOOD Velocity of name image um error 99 X Uncom pressed file size Cinpak Highest 650 45 32 76 546 1 677 Codec by IRadius IMicrosoft Lowest 0 0 100 0 862 Video 1 IMicrosoft Highest 337 69 87 8 344 62 506 Video 1 IMicrosoft Lowest 368 43 93 0 100 452 RLE IMicrosoft Highest 368 43 93 0 100 452 IRLE nte TM Lowest 197 98 64 46 264 0 676 Indeo Video 4 5 ntelTM Highest 177 39 61 51 853 16 555 Indeo Video 4 5 Intel Lowest 299 59 97 18 685 0 593 Indeo Video 5 04 ntelTM Highest 349 76 91 5 067 14 545 Indeo Video
74. ral third of the vessel otherwise the correlation will tend to pick out the slower rolling leukocytes along the vessel wall The line needs to be at least twice as long as typical pattern erythrocyte gap or leukocyte Note that the resolution of the cbv velocity measurement is half the length of the measurement line 44 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement 14 2 2 Movement It is important to have no movement in the video sequence If the subject moves it is possible to reposition the line by dragging the first node of the measurement line using the mouse and left mouse button This can be done whilst the sequence is running or by stopping the video sequence repositioning the measurement line then resuming the sequence by clicking on the play button 14 3 Calculation parameters There are several settings which control and effect the velocity correlation measurements These are found in the Settings menu whilst the Linescan window is active 14 3 1 Calculate cbv This menu item needs to be checked to enable cbv calculation in the linescan window If it off then only the grey level pattern along the line is recorded 14 3 2 Subtract scans This is required to be on for most measurements except very slow flows When checked each grey level profile is subtracted from the grey level profile of the previous field This removes any static pattern which might give an overwhelming zero velocity correlation 14 3 3 Set sample rat
75. rejected and a zero cbv value is set at that point 14 2 Making Velocity Measurements See capistep xml of the Step by Step Chapter for a quick tutorial on making velocity measurements 43 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement 14 2 1 Measurement Line The velcoity calculation requires a measurement line Most of the time CapiScope can determine which line to use but in the case of several dimension lines or several video sequences open at the same time you will need to specify which line to use Right click on the first node of the line This should open a small menu Click on measurement line to make this line the current measurement line Warning All data in the linescan window will be lost without warning when switching to another line There are a few points to consider when creating measurement lines e Maximum velocity is half the line length multiplied by number of fields per second i e 50 or 60 This is reduced if the sample rate or number of linescan samples between correlations are not both 1 A straight line avoids the distortions which occurs at bends Horizontal lines have twice the resolution as vertical lines e Using a line which is wider than the vessel might help when there are movement artifacts but the signal and hence correlation will be poorer since it will be averaged with useless background information If the vessel is large gt 30 um then make the line cover only the cent
76. relellogram trace High correlation is shown as red and low correlation as blue with a rainbow spectrum for values in between Velocity is on the vertical axis 38 Chapter 13 Magnification Calibration ex Frozen Video Input C lib TU Lx Create two dimension lines of known true length onto Ld SD C ci dead Line up Graticule with Capiscope video output and focus as usual Move the Graticule so as much of the 1 10 mm scale x axis and the 1 100 inch scale y axis is displayed on the output window Freeze the video output with the H icon click on the button Measurement and then on the button Dimension line Click on the start of the furthest left black line on the mm x axis scale and then on the start of the furthest right black line on the mm scale This will be dimension line number 1 Then click on the bottom of the topmost black line on the inch y axis scale and then on the bottom of the lowest black line on the inch scale This will be dimension line number 2 Click Calibrate Magnification to bring up the Calibration dialog box The box should have the 2 lines with the measurements for the true length alongside them Adjust the settings for each line so that the length corresponds to that on the Graticule Note that the default units for each axis is um so each division in the inch 39 Chapter 13 Magnification Calibration scale y axis can be approximated to 254 um each Tick Set a
77. rence This only effects the displaying of the spectrum in the current view it does not alter the actual data 16 17 21 Smooth trace E this command to apply a single pole RC filter to the selection of the currently active trace The Smoothing box allows the time constant to be selected The Artifact Filter controls the action to take for signal dropouts and noise spikes This command destroys the original data in the selection of the trace 16 17 22 Trace properties r Labels Name cev Cancel Y units mm fs TT X units m Data Properties X units per data point o 05 sample interval Y scaling factor 0 00023238 Y zero adjust fo length 2400 samples rm Display Properties X scale o 05 Xunits pixel Y scale 0 0571 089 Y units pixel start position n X units Y offset o pixels Y group p This dialog allows properties of the currently active trace to be altered This dialog can be invoked from the edit menu or by clicking the right mouse button over a trace 74 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 22 1 Trace Name Name used to describe the active trace Displayed in the Status Box 16 17 22 2 Y units Y units of the active trace This is a text string which can be edited by the user 16 17 22 3 X units The x units label This is a text string which can be edited by the user 16 17 22 4 Sample Rate This shows the interval between samples in x units No
78. reset eo Neve sto Cete ata 74 1017222 Y UIS e eerie oiv nee t eU DRTe vedi erede Ps 75 16 17 22 3 X Uten ie teniente nr ena one ved er 75 16 17 22 Ac Sample Rate ete e ere PN Pon ni iets 75 1617 22 5 Trace len sth cia nosse dei ioa aam i amo Toner a Qa 75 16 17 22 6 Axes X scale eerte neret e 75 16 17 22 7 Trace Start POSIUOI oieee ER 75 T6 17 22 Oe SOTBED Y SCALE i de rd rn deo pee RENS A 75 T6 17 22 0 Sorgen Y OHSeUa d recited dti HE a ream ora u SR 76 16 17 22 10 Y scaling factor 2 sso geccieiss eie verge eg rur 76 16 17 23 Trace Selection Dialog iiie tct nete 76 16 17 24 VIBW 4i eas Oa UO tO ite De e es op Preis 76 16 17 24 1 Colour mono Doppler spectrum 76 16 17 24 2 Inverse Colours oie eir ee Ee reete ers Qieeb heri 76 16 17 24 3 Minimum to background esses 71 16 17 25 Advanced Menu tees teris toe enean aeneae venenata T7 16 17 26 Artifact Filter Dialog eres 71 16 17 26 1 Aftifact LIMI ne re eaa RE 78 16 17 26 1 1 Absolute Value cette rtr eterne 78 161 7 26 T 2 PERCE eode dam Geta Renee ives 78 T6 1 20 2 Filtet ANCHO 5550 sense de dece e eom Oe eoe tesis Ce 78 16 17 26 2 1 NO ACUOD ostiis t iet tetuer 78 16 17 26 2 2 Repeat last valid value 78 16 17 26 2 3 Set to zero amp SKID o ie hee Rent etie 79 16 18 Menu Commands ioo ie ioo Posi iens prid ee te neben 79 16 18 1 File Men
79. rmally this should not be altered since it would have been set when the trace was recorded Or in the original trace from which this trace has been derived See also Data Rate 16 17 22 5 Trace length This shows the number of samples in the active trace 16 17 22 6 Axes X scale The scaling of the x units to screen pixels 16 17 22 7 Trace Start Position Alter this to shift the trace start position Don t change the start positions of traces in the Monitor window 75 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 22 8 Screen Y scale The scaling of y units to screen pixels Note that the Doppler spectrum y scale has to result in the trace being displayed as a power of 2 pixels high 16 17 22 9 Screen Y offset The offset used to shift the active trace in the y axis in screen pixels This value does not change with y scale changes Easier to change by clicking the left mouse button on the y axis and dragging Set Y Group to 1 to offset just this trace 16 17 22 10 Y scaling factor The scaling factor used to scale the stored data to the y axis scale 16 17 23 Trace Selection Dialog Select desired trace from list of all traces available Some traces may be empty have been deleted using Edit command and some may not be appropriate for the operation The command should fail safely if you make a bad choice 16 17 24 View 16 17 24 1 Colour mono Doppler spectrum Use this command to switch all Doppler traces
80. roduce two views of the CAMI monitor window One could be set to a slow display rate to show long term trends whilst using the other window at a fast display rate to show the pulsatile component Display rate is controlled by using the x axis magnify minify buttons 16 17 6 Edit 16 17 6 1 Edit Copy command Use this command to copy selected data from the active trace onto the clipboard This command is unavailable if there is no data currently selected Copying data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there Note that when copying large 2D colour traces there will be two copies in memory Also if this is then pasted into another document there could be three copies in memory This could cause the system to become very sluggish It is a good idea to copy a small section of a line trace into the clipboard to release at least one copy from memory Ep Shortcuts Tool Bar Keys CTRLC CTRLInsert 63 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 6 2 Edit Cut command Use this command to remove the currently selected data from the active trace or the whole active trace if there is no data currently selected and put it on the clipboard The cut data is set to zero in the trace if a selection was used ie memory is still used The active trace is removed from the chart if no selection was made Cutting data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there Shortcuts Tool pated Keys CTRLX Sh
81. rtery of an albino rabbit RIVA et al 1972 In 1974 Mishina et al described a dual beam Laser Doppler Microscope Mishina et al 1974 This was used to demonstrate the measurement of velocity in a 70 micron diameter venule in the web of a frog s foot by transmission through the tissue Mishina et al 1976 Another laser Doppler microscope anemometer Einav et al 1975 was used to measure velocity profiles in arterioles 65 98 microns in diameter All the above techniques measure velocities parallel to the tissue surface which like the imaging techniques restricts measurements to such sites as the nailfold or forearm The CAMI will measure red blood cell velocities in small vessels particularly the capillaries of skin but also the surface capillaries of any organ Skin tissue is relatively transparent and the apex of capillaries can be viewed using a microscope with high illumination For maximum contrast between red blood cells and the surrounding tissue green light of 525 nm is used Chapter 3 Theory Figure 3 1 CAMI Schematic CCD camera ib A e 2 oO object plane A near infrared 780nm laser produces a 5x10 um elliptical spot with a power of about 1 mW Figure 3 2 Beam Profile at Focal Point Typical CAM1 beam profile a a ce E E tr Ta T T 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 um When the CAMI is positioned and focused so that the laser beam is on a vertical arterial or venous
82. s default magnification and press OK You can check the validity of the calibration from Settings Magnification where the x scale and y scale measurements should be as close as possible 40 Chapter 14 Velocity Measurement 14 1 Theory The dynamic capillaroscopy option enables capillary blood cell velocity to measured from live or recorded video using a spatial correlation technique Measurements can be made in real time directly from the subject However it is usually more convenient to record onto good quality video tape or for best quality directly into the computer memory or for longer sequences directly to the hard disk This also allows more than one vessel to be measured from the same image sequence Note that the digitised video is not compressed and will use about 10 Mbyte per second for a full frame Velocity is measured by using the mouse to draw a line along the vessel The vessel can have any orientation and does not even need to be straight although straight vessels are more likely to give good results The line thickness can be adjusted so that it covers the width of the capillary This gives an average of the pattern over the whole width i e the image of the vessel is projected onto a pixel thick line Note that the image itself has already effectively projected 3D into a 2D image thicker vessels appear darker and the averaging across the width of the vessel reduces the 2D information down to dimension
83. s is the rate at which data is calculated and saved NOT the rate at which the raw Doppler spectrum is sampled That is controlled by the Doppler Bandwidth controls Using high samples rates will use vast amounts of memory if saving the Doppler spectrum is enabled Also the highest practicable sample rates depends on the performance of your PC Missing sample points are filled in with the last sample This will show as horizontal flats in the recording it is unlikely that two or more sequential points will ever be exactly the same These are also caused by user operations or other running tasks which occupy the processor for longer than one sample period See also Data Rates 53 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 5 2 Enable Input Buffer Check this to enable the recording of this input buffer 16 5 3 Input Buffer Duration Set the desired duration for the input buffer All data is stored in memory until saved to disk by the user Note that storage of the Doppler spectrum requires obscene amounts of memory The two buffers can have different durations 16 5 4 Input buffer memory This displays the amount of memory RAM required by the buffer at the current sample rate and buffer duration settings Especially useful for the Doppler spectrum which consumes a lot of memory Too big an input buffer may result in poor performance as the Windows virtual memory manager switches memory to amp from disc 16 5 5 Circular in
84. s using the TAB key preserves the selection 16 17 14 Smoothing Dialog Set the time constant of the single pole rc filter to apply to the currently active trace Four common time constants are provided or any other value can be set in the other edit control Zero is a valid value No filtering will be applied but the conditions set in the Artifact Filter Dialog will still apply 16 17 15 Status Box cav k 113500 b 2 389 mm s ide 7 950 O 00FS 512 Bw 50 00kHz 71 Chapter 16 Software Reference 16 17 15 1 Active Trace Name The name of the currently active trace is shown here on the status box Use the TAB key to change the active trace Use the Trace Properties box to change the name 16 17 16 ToolBar movwod OW 5D 8d sag R aS The Tool Bar is a feature common to many Windows applications It allows quick access to most of the more commonly used menu commands The tool bar is displayed across the top of the application window below the menu bar The tool bar provides quick mouse access to many tools used in CAMI Sometimes some of the Tool Bar buttons will be inactive dimmed Usually this is when the button is not applicable to the currently active window To hide or display the Tool Bar choose Toolbar from the View menu ALT V T 16 17 17 Calculating Averages Use this command to recalculate averages This command is only available when data is selected Averages minimum and m
85. s you like here They will be saved in the document Use Ctrl return to add new lines Cancel Add whatever comments you like to the notes edit box The image will be automatically given a filename when the document is saved for the first time Only change this if you require a seperate name for the image 12 6 Step 6 Saving Press the File Save button If you have a Region of Interest ROI a prompt will ask if you want to save just the ROI or the whole image Enter a new filename eg test CapiScope will create a CapiScope file test cs1 and an image file test kkg Whenever test cs1 is loaded CapiScope will look for test kkg and load that as the corresponding image CapiScope will ask if you want to open the newly created file Press No this time Select File Open and open the test cs1 image This should load the test kkg image and all the dimensions previously saved 12 7 Step 7 Video Open a video sequence file using file Open and choosing file types of Videos dcs The demo adcs file in the capidemo directory on the CD is a good example 36 Chapter 12 Step by Step Guide Lookin SC Al AI e es Em File name demo des Files of type Videos des x Cancel p 7A See which direction the blood flow is travelling using the play gt button Draw a line on a vessel as described above following the direction of flow If you make any mistakes whilst drawing the line then
86. sakura T 1976 A laser Doppler microscope Optics and Laser Technology June pp 121 127 Morris S J Kunzek S Shore A C 1996 The effect of acetylcholine on finger capillary pressure and capillary flow in healthy volunteers Journal of Physiology 1996 494 1 pp 307 313 Nilsson G E Tenland T and OBERG P A 1980 A new instrument for continuous measurement of tissue blood flow by light beating spectroscopy IEEE Trans BME 27 12 19 Nilsson G E 1984 Signal processor for laser Doppler tissue flowmeters Med amp Biol Eng amp Comput 22 343 348 Petrig B L Riva C E Grunwald J E 1984 Computer Analysis of Laser Doppler Measurements in retinal Blood Vessels Invest Ophthalmol Vis sci 25 Suppl pp7 Petrig B L Riva C E 1988 Retinal laser Doppler velocimetry towards its computer assisted clinical use Applied Optics Vol 27 No 6 pp 1126 1134 Riva C Ross B Benedek G 1972 Laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in capillary tubes and retinal arteries Investigative Ophthalmology November 1972 pp 936 944 Stern M D 1975 In vivo evaluation of microcirculation by coherent light scattering Nature 254 56 58 St cker M Baier V Reuther T Hoffmann K Kellam K Altmeyer P 1996 Capillary Blood Cell Velocity in Human Skin Capillaries Located Perpendicularly to the Skin Surface Measured by a new Laser Doppler Anemometer Microvascular Research 52
87. t be freed properly For the PX610 use the PXClear program in the PX5 program group on the start menu For the Matrox you may need to shutdown the computer The Matrox and Microsoft DLL files have been installed correctly in either the CapiScope directory or the Windows or Windows System directory The correct SuperPro software key has been fitted f using the USB superpro key or WindowsNT with the parallel port key install the superpro drivers Select Run from the start menu and enter D legacy setup exe USB replace D with your CDROM drive name You are entering the correct codes when evaluating demo versions A new code is required every month and there are two codes one to enable the demo version of the basic CapiScope then a second code to enable the optional dynamic features Check enough memory has been reserved for the Imagenation drivers Select Run from the windows start menu and type regedit and edit the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE system currentControlSet services Vxd PX5_95 memory size This should be set to 0x200000 hexdecimal You will need to reboot the computer for any changes to take effect Alternatively reinstall CapiScope and make sure the default 0x200000 memory is set in the Imagenation setup program For the Matrox MetoerII check memory allocation by right click on the My computer icon on the desktop Select properties Device Manager tab Select the MeteorlI and click on
88. t correction offsets essere 50 I6 Software Referenc s accede eisitenaseotten Uie tune reset ev Crete e UOS aTait 51 G21 TAP ICO oes Dc ER pa Teche bay E TE 51 16 2 Data E tede ede ei rre ite 51 6 37 Clear All Traces o eee eto e eoe eter 52 16 3 Iup tchantiel e 6 2 eere dite ada Rive terere REN M 52 16 5 Input Settings Dialog eios cre boe Uo Yea oe reae vr ed RT e 52 10S d Sanpleddte me a T vitet O EE OE OEE eT 53 16 5 2 Enable Input Buffer iecit teniente secet 53 16 5 3 Input Buffer Duration costes ete ento rere etae 54 16 5 4 Input buffer memory cea te En Sape RR edere cn 54 16 5 5 Circular input buffer esee dpi e eve RESP Sei dent box 54 16 5 5 Stop on butter full eters RE tide peces 54 16 5 7 BET points ttr tX Pr KeA e ense P Ron uet Ue lona pe 54 16 6 Laser On Off ione ehe es leaden ede 55 16 7 Start RecoETIBB ok eoa ccshcces e editis e fug ea fes etae e A EPI RR 55 16 8 Stop ReCOLIBD o ocotene te tese tete GI vt OS ENTRE FRI SOREA ESTER E 55 16 9 Doppler Bandwidth ocen E a 55 16 9 1 Increase Doppler Bandwidth ess 35 16 9 2 Lower Doppler Bandwidth see 56 I 10 Cale lating Velocity Lenis au ER SURE DrRK UTE EE PAN EFE e ERRORI ELE 56 16 11 Calculating CBV from peak in spectrum eesesees 57 16 12 Calculate CBV from maximum frequency shift 57 16 13 Calculate CBV from envelope of pow
89. thicker layer so that surface reflections are further from the focal point i e weaker 23 Chapter 8 Measuring Velocity Using the CAM1 8 1 Selecting a Capillary First the laser position will need to be marked on the video monitor Focus onto the surface of the skin before applying any oil The laser beam should be just visible as a small bright spot in the centre of the video image It may be necessary to turn down the light source If you have the CapiScope option mark the laser spot with the crosshair otherwise mark circle on the video monitor using a dry marker pen Position a perpendicular capillary loop under the laser beam Choose a capillary where there is little surface reflection of the laser Too much surface reflection will feedback into the laser causing a lot of noise This sounds like loud crackling Too much surface reflection may also cause tissue surface movements to dominate the detected signal Try adding more optical matching oil or slightly adjust the angle of the skin tissue It may still be possible to acquire good measurements but it is difficult and tiring if using the audio output to position the beam When the beam is moved off the capillary a zero or close to zero flow should be shown with little noise Note that it is quite common for there to be little or no capillary flow when the room is cool or the subject is nervous In this case there will be no difference when the laser beam is on or off position
90. trum below which the sum of thesignal power is the preset percentage of the total power This method is best for signals with varying signal strength and enables one setting to be used for a set of measurements It is no good where there is signal dropout or where the CBV falls to zero 16 14 Find Average Use this function to calculate a CBV trace from the average Dopplershift This is the same as the SPEED signal from Laser Doppler Flux monitors such as the Moor Instruments MBF3 DRT4 etc SPEED FLUX CONC where FLUX is the frequency weighted sum of the Doppler shift spectrum CONC is the sum of the Doppler shift spectrum This function allows a comparison with Laser Doppler Flux monitors calibration standards but should not be used normally since it is not appropriate for measurements in single vessels Set the threshold to zero points where the average power level in a spectrum is too low The output is in calibrated KHz The mm s scale should not be used since this is only applicable to measurements in single vessels 16 15 Threshold Dialog Control Use this dialog to control the detection threshold for velocity recalculations Click on the slider using the left mouse button and drag The top of the slider corresponds to the value for the brightest colour in the spectrum This will change when the Doppler Brightness commands are used The bottom of the slider is zero 58 Chapter 16 Software Reference Press
91. ty 40 CAMI capillary anemometer 30 introduction 1 Capillary positioning 24 selecting 24 Capiscope capillaroscopy analysis 30 file types 29 introduction 29 startup intructions 30 status box 93 step by step guide 33 toolbar 93 Cbv calculating 57 calculation 45 CAMI trace 51 Certification 3 Charts Axes 61 introduction 61 scales 61 Checks 19 Cleaning 27 Components 11 Connection 14 Connector ADC ADC 16 CAMI PU 16 Contour level 59 power 59 Data export 67 export binary 67 export text 67 import 69 selecting 71 Data Rate 51 Demo 31 Dialog artifact filter 77 smoothing 71 Threshold 58 Display rate 63 DLL missing 95 Doppler bandwidth 55 positioning 25 recording 52 shift envelope 57 spectrum 54 spectrum brightness 73 theory 4 Edit 98 copy 63 cut 64 delete 64 paste 64 Edit menu 86 clear dimensions 87 copy 87 cut 86 notes 87 paste 87 smooth selection 87 Environment 19 Export avi 81 data 67 dimension list 81 image 81 FFT points settings 54 File menu 79 close 80 exit 86 export avi 81 export dimension list 81 81 import avi 83 import image 85 new 79 open 79 print preview 86 save 80 save as 80 FIR filter Dialog 68 Focusing 18 Hardware Timer 51 Help menu 93 Holding finger 20 with adhesive pads 21 with glue 22 Import avi 83 data 69 Ini files 95 Input channel 52 settings 53 Input Buffer 54 circul
92. u Commands eoo eoo ado o rte Orca pss 79 16 18 1 1 New command File menu eese 79 16 18 1 2 Open command File menu 79 16 18 1 3 Close command File Menu 79 16 18 1 4 Save command File Menu usse 80 16 18 1 5 Save As command File menu 80 16 18 1 6 Export Dimension List eeeeeee 81 16 18 1 7 Export Image 5e casins ieaasiensicaivussceasascescactess 8l LG AS L5 OTE AS AVA aio trato toO TUA RES ce siae eva 81 16 18 1 8 1 AVI Output compression 8l 16 18 19 ImpoOttVlz i nena e uita 83 16 18 1 9 1 AVI Output compression ee 83 16 18 1 10 Import Image nee tenen oe nennt eene a 85 16 18 1 11 Open C ytoscan Tile oor eet terret tes verdes 85 16 18 1 12 Print Preview command File menu 86 16 18 1 13 Exit command File menu sess 86 16 15 2 Belit BIO DIS e Pese ebd Red Dei ndo RE deno Oda 86 16 18 2 1 Cut command Edit menu sss 86 16 18 2 2 Copy commad Edit menu sss 86 16 18 2 3 Paste command Edit menu 87 16 18 2 4 Clear All Dimensions eene 87 16 19 2 5 Noles iore aca a E uie esses cuc aud 87 16 18 2 6 Smooth Selection Menu

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