An Embedded1/3 Phase Automatic Transfer Switch Controller with
Contents
1. DG Low Frequency 43 47 Hz 46Hz 16 DG High Frequency 53 59 Hz 53 17 Over Load Current 0 1000 AMP 30 18 Load C T Ratio 1 1000 Ratio 1 19 Phase Unbalance 10 100 Volts 50 20 Device ID 0 255 32 21 Remote Start Yes Enable No Disable No 22 Remote Stop Yes Enable No Disable No 23 GSM Modem Yes Enable No Disable No 24 Event ReportingThrough Modem Report all Event Report Fault Event Disable Disable 25 Engine Preheat Time 0 300 Sec 0 26 Engine Periodic Start 0 90Days 0 27 Engine Rest Time 0 10 Hrs 0 28 Engine Periodic Run 0 300 Minutes 0 29 Set Low Battery Volt 8 0V 24 0V 10 0v 30 Set Hooter Timeout 0 900sec 0 Disable 120sec 31 Change password 0 9999 1000 32 Alphanumeric Site ID 20 digit Can set 0 9 A Z 33 Setting Options Delete Reset Option PC To Unit Copy 34 DG Stop option ETS ETR ETS 35 LCD Back light options Continuous ON Power saving mode Continuous ON 36 Mains Failure Time 0 250 Sec 6 Sec 37 Configuration Of DI3 input Door open or Fire smoke input Fire smoke 38 Oil sensor wiring fault alarm On Or OFF ON 39 Mains Fail alarm On Or OFF OFF 16 IJCTEE Innovation Research Destination ISSN 2249 6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering IJCTEE Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2013 IV APPLICATIONS OF ATS SWITCH 1 A multinational bank operations center performing critical 7 x 24 operations can2. Manual Switch of the Control Panel to MANUAL position MANUAL MODE OPERAT message will be displayed on the LCD In MANUAL mode the GEN SET can be started and stopped by means of two push buttons START and STOP on the front panel The start stop sequence relates to the parameter settings 5 6 LLOP Swatch is dosed is reaches n spedied range spedied rarge e Doble Pal inputs are ON DG bs rennirg KW Star copfirucus DG run time in r rutes Pict the valve of A bon selection chart for Sp Fue cansempion Fig3 Flowchart For Embedded ATS Switch 15 ISSN 2249 6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering IJCTEE Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2013 Table 1 Program Parameters Para Details of Parameters Range Standard No 1 Mains Low Voltage 90 210 Volts 170 2 Mains High Voltage 250 285 Volts 270 3 Engine Start Delay 0 3600 Sec 5 4 Mains Restore Time 0 300 Sec 15 5 LLOP Bypass Time 0 99 Sec 15 6 Stop Solenoid Time 10 99 Sec 25 7 Crank Time 1 99 Sec 3 8 Crank Attempts 1 5 3 9 Crank Rest Time 1 99 Sec 15 10 Engine Cooling Time 0 300 Sec 60 11 Engine Warm up Time 0 300 Sec 10 12 DG Low Voltage 180 210 Volts 190 13 DG High Voltage 250 285 Volts 265 14 DG Max Run Time 0 1440 min 0 Disable 0 15
3. PM N LSTART OP 0Amp aa HOUR rly STOP OP 70Amp ay gt 3 SIX 6 NUMBER ELECTRICAL PARAMETER PROGRAMABLE OP LAC VOLTAGE Phase to neutral gt NT Line 4 CHARGE VOLTAGES Battery RTC ANALOG SENSING 1 LOW OIL PRESSURE 2 HIGH WATER TEMPERATURE amp a BAT EEPROM KEYPAD a Fig2 Block diagram of embedded automatic transfer switch I have decided to develop the system An Embedded 1 3Phase Automatic Transfer Switch Controller with Intelligent Energy Management because my aim of the paper is to automate the Generating Set with Programming Parameters accessed from Remote place So I have decided it to implement protogen unit The unit is a control and protection panel used in gensets It 14 shows the measured values on its displays The unit is designed to provide user friendliness for both the installer and the user Programming is usually unnecessary as the factory settings have been carefully selected to fit most applications However programmable parameters allow the complete control over the generating set Programmed parameters are stored in a Non Volatile Memory and thus all information is retained even in the event of complete loss of power In my Project I am basically concentrating on following applications such as e Display of 3 phase Generator voltage frequency and RPM 3 phase mains voltage 3 phase load
4. monitoring of Diesel generator using PC Paper on Automatic transfer switch ATS based on a programmable logic controller PLC Mechatronics 2004 ICM 04 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference Issue 3 5 June 2004 pages 53 1 535 High voltage high speed vacuum automatic transfer switch ATS Harmonics and Quality of Power 2000 Proceedings Ninth International Conference Issue2000 volume 3 pages 882 886 Book entitled by Maintaining Mission Critical Systems in a 24 Environment Publisher Wiley IEEE Press Pages 89 111 Subject Categories Power Energy amp Industry Applications
5. IJCTE Innovation Research Destination ISSN 2249 6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering IJCTEE Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2013 An Embedded1 3 Phase Automatic Transfer Switch Controller with Intelligent Energy Management Autade Prerana P S G Galande Abstract PROTOGEN is a 3 phase Automatic Manual Generator Controller module that includes protection for GEN SETS Use of advanced micro controller in the design platform provides easy and trouble free control and operation mechanism of GEN SETS in case of failure of mains power Upon failure of mains power due to faults like loss of power over voltage under voltage phase reversal phase unbalance etc PROTOGEN initiates Automatic GEN SET Start Cycle including transfer of load to GEN SET by using the Generator contactor As and when the mains power gets restored the load gets automatically transferred back to the mains line and the GEN SET stops after a cool down time During the cycles the GEN SET is protected against malfunction All alarms occurring at abnormal GEN SET conditions are computed and displayed either by LED or on LCD through alphanumeric messages Keywords ATS Automatic Transfer switch LCD Liquid crystal display LED Light emitting diode I INTRODUCTION A typical stand by power system includes a generating set operating on diesel fuel or natural gas and one or more automatic transfer switch
6. ONCLUSION The aim of paper is to present embedded ATS switch and highlights their use in industry mobile tower applications It has been underlined that this hardware solution can perfectly address the current challenges in these fields such as high control performance reliability and efficiency Programmable parameters allow the complete control over the generating set ACKNOWLEDGMENT This project sponsored by Cologicx Systems Private Limited Embedded Business Solution Author would like to thank Mr Wasudev Deshmukh Chief Manager for their support and involving in the discussion throughout the experiment 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 REFERENCES An article on Energy conservation in India by Shri P M Sayeed Hon ble Minister of Power s article on the occasion of Energy Conservation Day on 14th December 2005 Y Sung Song K Deok Moon Home Energy Management System Based on Power line communication 978 1 4244 43 16 1 10IEEE2010 Yong Hua Song and Allan T Johns Flexible ac transmission System The Institution of Electrical Engineers London Uniited Kigdom1999 Hingarani N G High power Electronics and Flexible AC Transmission System Power Engineering Review IEEE Volume 8 Issue 7 July1988 pages3 4 Barnini Datakom User Manual Utopia Automation and control Pvt Ltd User operation manual Anoop R Anup J Nambiar Prathap R Sridhar Divakar Dr T B Isha Condition
7. ase Reverse Message appears on the LCD for corrective action 5 6 IJCTEF Innovation Research Destination ISSN 2249 6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering IJCTEE Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2013 The generator cool down time will start thereafter During the cool down period the generator will run without load 5 6 D Starting Sequence Crank will given to generator The LCD will display START MODE Message If the Generator starts within the number of attempts set in the program programming parameter no 8 the load will get shifted to the Generator If the Generator does not start within the programmed number of attempts FAIL TO START message will be displayed for corrective action 5 6 E Restoration of Load To Mains Power When mains supply returns to normal condition PROTOGEN will transfer the load automatically from generator to mains after mains restore time programming parameter no 4 through the mains contactor Orpen Volage Feeect Court Bahay ON kes me tm Coum SES run 1 Toal batery discharge time Courter for no tires batery on Gscherge SES power ire Power generation lt SEB Power Canerpion fae jreren 10 20 3 uws 2 9 0s o 4 AS Measure Povar generation F MANUAL MODE The PROTOGEN unit is by default on MANUAL mode when power is ON To enter in MANUAL mode switch on the Auto
8. ation Research Destination ISSN 2249 6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering IJCTEE Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2013 Determine if the transfer switch serves emergency loads ifdo you need to get a problem sensed quickly and the ATS must connect to the sensed quickly and the ATS must connect to the genset in 10 second or less A key factor in the setting is how long it takes to get the generator set started and up too proper speed and voltage This varies somewhat with the size normal service after a preset time delay most transfer switches can be set up to stay connected to the generator set until an operator signals that retransfer can be done These facilities include loads that are sensitive to perform the retransfer to normal power the loads are not disrupted at a when users will notice the problem B Pre Transfer signals for best operation Some loads such as elevator and some types of cash register systems are disrupted when there is a sudden loss of power and a short time later a sudden return of power For example if you have ever been in an elevator when power fails you know that the elevator immediately stops and the stopping point may ell be between floors If the elevator control system is confused by the sudden failure in power in power or return of power A signal to tell the elevator controller that the ATS is about to operate can allow the elevator to move to the next available
9. control open the doors and wait Then while the power is failed no one is trapped in the elevator The power can then turn off without incident The pre transfer signal is also used if the transfer switch operate too quickly from live source to live source Again the signal allows the load to turn off the switch to operate and then the load can turn on again without causing disruption in the facility distribution system or damaged to the loads C Switched neutral 4 pole Transfer switches Transfer switches that serve three phase four wire loads can be either 3 pole or 4 pole switched neutral type transfer switches The physical differences between 3 pole and 4 pole transfer switches are shown in the illustration below In a 4 pole transfer switch all the phase poles plus the neutral are provided with power transfer contacts In a 3 pole transfer switch the neutral does not utilized power transfer contacts but rather is provided with a solid bus bar connection point 4 pole transfer switches are used in 277 480VAC application where the facility power distribution system incorporate ground fault protection 13 gt Lcecs Pote 2 Gores Se Pole tom Gere cer Se Fig1 A 4 pole transfer switch incorporates a switched neutral while a 3 pole ATS has a solid neutral 8 D Frequency sensing Frequency sensing is normally provided on the generator source for the purpose of monitoring of an ATS so that the user can be sure tha
10. current date and time KWH for mains and DG set power factor of R Y B phases fault log data DG start stop events DG Battery voltage e 39 programmable parameters programming protected with password Programmable current transformer ratio Programmable site code 11 Digital inputs 12 Relay outputs Relay outputs for mains and generator contactor Fuel consumption per liter Log of Fuel consumption optional Remote monitoring of parameters RS232 upon request A Operation PROTOGEN has two basic operation modes namely AUTO mode and MANUAL mode In AUTO mode PROTOGEN controls the GEN SET automatically according to the parameter settings Two push buttons START and STOP have been provided to operate the engine manually MANUAL mode Auto mode To enter into the AUTO modeSwitch ON the Auto Manual Switch of the Control Panel to AUTO Position AUTO MODE OPERATION message will be displayed on the LCD 5 6 B Auto mode To enter into the AUTO modeSwitch ON the Auto Manual Switch of the Control Panel to AUTO Position AUTO MODE OPERATION message will be displayed on the LCD 5 6 C Failure of Mains Power When mains power fails due to any fault in the system PROTOGEN initiates an auto start sequence to start the GEN SET After successful start of the GEN SET the load is transferred from mains to PROTOGEN automatically However in case of phase reversal Ph
11. ent manufactures Variations that are available include manual operation automatic open transition and closed transition operation sequences some with mechanical bypass capability closed transition load ramping devices and solid state types The most common type of ATS and the one we will look at in detail is an automatic electro mechanical device that operate in an open transition sequence Open Transition means that the switch disconnect load from one source before it connects to another source So whenever the transfer switch operate from source to source there is short fraction of second power failure The timing function and setting practice discussed in this document will be applicable for most types of transfer switches 1 TRANSFER SWITCH OPERATION A ATS Setting for best operation First recognize that it is normal for voltage of the power service to your home or facility varies somewhat over time and is different in different location So if you set up a transfer switch to start the generator set at 90 of normal level it might start a lot of times Also the typical voltage level at your home or facility varies over time depending on a number of other conditions It s possible that it might normally be a little higher or a little lower than the nominal 120 volt level that is intended That won t cause any problem but it should be considered in the decision of how to set up your transfer switch IJCTE Innov
12. es The system will also have a number of accessory components such as battery charging equipment fuel pumps ventilation fans and other equipments The transfer switches direct power to critical loads from either a utility service or your generator set Most failures in the utility power supplied to facility are not failures of the large central stations providing power but rather failures in power distributions system serving the facility Failures can occur due to damage the part of utility system failure of distribution component or overload of distribution system For example if a car drives of the road and knocks down a power pole it s not surprise that customers who are served by the lies on that power pole will have a disruption in power However all the customers affected by the downed line may not have to wait until the line is repaired to get power back 12 Just as a facility with a generator set usually has the equipment to automatically detect problems and respond the utility distribution system includes equipment to automatically detect the problem and return power to their customer as fast as is practical These systems may re route the power from anther source or may attempt to re feed the failed part of the system In many cases the damaged part of the system is isolated so quickly that customers don t even notice a problem 3 Il There are wide varieties of transfer switches available though many differ
13. not sustain an outage without substantial losses and disruption to global operations 2 A telecommunications site that hosts multitudes of users cannot go down without loss of revenues and credibility with its customers 3 A boiler control system of a power plant supporting a major manufacturing operation cannot be disabled without substantial cost of recovery and degradation of product quality 4 Loss of power to computers and display systems at a major air traffic control center poses risks to passenger safety as well as causing flight delays 5 Loss of power to systems controlling tools ovens and apparatus that manufacture intricate microelectronics can cause lost product delays in shipment and loss of quality 6 Home use of transfer switch homes with standby generator may use a transfer switch for a few circuits or the whole home Different models are available with both manual and automatic transfer Often small transfer switch system use circuit breakers with an external operating linkage as the switching mechanism The linkage operates two circuit breakers in tandem closing one while opening the other Manufactures of transfer switches can provide recommended installation procedures Like all other electrical apparatus local electrical codes require transfer switches to carry safety approvals However some transfer switches are sold via the Internet and there have been problems with counterfeit circuit breakers V C
14. t the generator set is operating at the proper speed prior to connecting loads Most modern generator set automatically adjust voltage as a function of speed making it unlikely that the generator set will operate at improper voltage and improper speed but some codes still require this feature Frequency sensing is also available as an optional feature for utility source This feature is primarily designed for application where there is a weak utility grid A weak utility grid is one in which the grid is relatively low in capacity relative to the largest loads in the system In a weak grid environment frequency variation will occur which are not present in stiff grid system such as a common in North America Frequency sensing on the utility source can be used to detect potentially disruptive frequency swing on a weak grid or as another factor in qualifying source acceptability E Programmed Transition Transfer switches that serve large motor loads greater than 20Hp UPS and other inductive loads are often provided with programmed transition capability When inductive load are disconnected from a power source they produce output voltage for a short period of time If the ATS switches too quickly from source to source the load generated voltage is parallel to the out coming source voltage Interconnecting voltages from multiple sources that are not synchronized will cause damage to loads and nuisance tripping of circuit barkers To preven
15. t this problem the transfer switch operating speed from source to source is intentionally slowed down so that the load generated voltage delay to a safe level before they are connected to the new source IJCTE vation Research Destination ISSN 2249 6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering IJCTEE Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2013 F Phase angle sensing between sources In phase monitor phase check Transfer switches that don t have the ability to control operating speed can be provided with phase angle sensing to allow the sources to drift into synchronization before the ATS switches between live sources This can mitigate the effects of fast switching of inductive loads but is not 100 effective G Automated exercising tests ATS and exercise genset Most transfer switches incorporate timers to automatically initiate testing and exercising of a generator set Generator sets are typically exercised run under load once per month for 30 minutes When the ATS load is used for exercising the genset the exercise provide the dual purpose of testing the operation of the transfer switch so this is recommended practice MI SCHEME OF IMPLEMENTATION Communication Ethernet ANALOG INPUT Analog sensor IP Signal LTEMPRATURTE Conditioner tag 2 PRESSURE _ _4 DISPLAY 3 LEVEL LED INDICATOR ENGINE PARAMETER A Lies CONTROLLER PEREA
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