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Ipso Facto Issue 8

1. RCI802 VO1A 8300 8301 8302 8303 8304 8305 8306 8307 8308 8309 830A 830C 830D 830E 8311 8312 8315 8316 8317 8319 831B 831C 83lE 8321 8324 8325 8327 8328 8329 8328 83 832 8330 8332 8334 8336 8338 8338 8330 833F 8341 8343 8345 8347 60 72 AE 72 BE 72 AF FO BF D5 3C 69 9F 73 9E 13 9C FB 32 F6 32 F8 F8 5C 9F FD 3B 9F FB 32 FB 32 FB 32 9F FB 32 FB 32 FB 32 9F 83 00 OA 713 8F 73 8E 24 24 1 56 07 61 67 08 B2 01 58 02 7 KBSCRN RCA 3 3 VEXITs KBIN 3 VIDEO 10 78 08 35 45 1 LDXA PHI LDXA PLO LDX PHI RETRN BNI INP PHI PUSHR PUSHR GHI XRI BZ SHR BZ DLDI LDN ANI STR GHI SDI BNF GHI XRI BZ XRI BZ XRI BZ GHI XRI BZ XRI BZ XRI BZ GHI 11 INPUT ENTRY KBIN OUTPUT ENTRY AT VIDEO VIDEO DISPLAY LOCATION 8 00 TO 8FFF R12 CURSOR 48300 R14 R14 RI5 RI5 KBIN RIS RIS RI4 R12 8E ONPAGE ONPAGE 8E00 R1I2 R12 7 RI2 RI5 1 R15 LF OP 07 CR OP 0C HOMEC RI5 08 01 RIGHTC 02 UP CUR R15 STARTING ADDRESS OF ROUTINE RESTORE 4 RESTORE R15 WAIT FOR KB STROBE INPUT ASCII CHARACTER SA
2. 1100 RETURN the above as in Tom s program A is the number whose square root is to be found B is the square root when the routine returns and C is a temporary used for computing Also there is a typographical error in Tom s first try routine The minus signs in lines 1050 1060 should be plus signs EXTREMELY FAST MEMORY TEST PROGRAM Ken Smith 12 Sylvia Cres Hamilton Ont L8K 249 A memory test program appeared in issue 4 of IPSO FACTO by A Dunlap This is the one recommended by Tektron Corp for testing their 7K RAM board It takes on the order of 30 min to test 7K using a 2MHZ clock The exhaustiveness of a memory test program is a very debateable subject because t ere are many strange problems that can occur in a defective RAM board One noteable example is a single imemory location changing after it is read Once the RAM board is debugged initially the RAM chips can often go bad at any time usually during the debugsing stage of a program The memory test program presented here takes about 10 sec to test 7K at 2 MHZ This program is ideal for incorporating into a monitor ROM to test the RAM each time the system is turned on This test program uses pseudo random number techniques PN sequence Pseudo Noise is statistically random but the sequence is predictable since it is produced by finite state logic PN sequence is written into RAM and it is read out and compared to the generated PN
3. WHY THIS ONE The above standard was adopted because the software to implement it is very minimal will call this standard the 5 or Simplified format As can be seen by examining the listing the whole thing easily fits in 256 bytes of memory WHY USE ONES COMPLEMENT IN THE CHECKSUM This method was lifted from Motorolats MIKBUG monitor for the 6800 Using this method the cassette read routine can easil determine whether the computed checksum and the one read from the tape are identical see lines 52 to 55 in the listing Clever Yes THE DELAY ROUTINE lines 120 to 127 If you have a true KANSAS CITY hardware interface you will probably want to use the recovered clock instead of the CPU clock to clock in the data bits See IPSO FACTO Issue 3 pages 23 30 for details CONTINUED ON PAGE 43 37 OBJ CODE STMT 0000 0000 0000 0001 0002 0003 0005 0006 0008 0009 0008 000C 000 000F 0010 0012 0014 0015 0016 0017 0018 0019 001A 0018 001C 0010 001 0020 0021 0022 0023 0024 0026 0027 0029 002 0028 002 002 0050 0031 20009 20000 O QQ N SOURCE STATEMENT REGISTER USAGE 1802 VER 1 6 X 0X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X CASSETTE TAPE LOADER 10 78 RO R1 FREE R2 STACK R3 INITIAL P C R8 BYTE COUNT R9 0 CHECKSUM R10 PARITY COUNTER R11 LOAD ADDR R12 DEL
4. NOW SET 1 4 T na NEw SEC s Str 75 i 23 we DISPLAY 1 R TEMPE o PACA M kogre 566 SET 5 GATE P Ser st Ger Counter POINTER r Fa 1 V V AOTE 0 move eoo 2 czele Anstregetions shew ld he executed ang palk theoush Re 2 werk Mast be set af Ame temperatwe ave avalible 25 LOCN OBJ CODE SIMT SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 LIED E duse M EV ed 2 THIS IS THE SOFTWARE FOR THE 1K VIDEO RAM ARTICLE 3 IPSO FACTO ISSUE 6 PAGE 29 unte edt ceo M Eu ee Me eos eee 3800 5 ORG 3800 START OF PROGRAM 3800 23860 6 BOTTOM 3860 BOTTOM LINE OF DISPLAY 3800 3A00 TOPLIN EQU 3400 TOP LINE OF DISPLAY 8 9 THIS IS THE CHARACTER OUT ROUTINE THE CHARACTER IS PASSED 10 THROUGH D THE ACCUMULATOR CHARACTERS WITH THE SIGN BIT SET 11 ARE IGNORED CARRIAGE RETURN CAUSES THE POINTER TO BE RESET TO 12 THE BEGINNING OF THE BOTTOM LINE OF THE DISPLAY 3860 AND 13 LINE FEED CAUSES THE SCREEN TO BE SCROLLED UP AND THE POINTER 14 TO BE RESET TO THE BEGINNING OF THE BOTTOM LINE 15 3800 AO 16 CHROUT PLO RO HOLD CHAR FOR A
5. the lines to drive the segments of the LED display Construction of the circuit is non critical and almost any wiring technique may be used Since CMOS circuits are used the 5 0 SCl and lines may be directly connected to the ELF without the use of buffer circuitry The circuit uses a maximum current of about 50 mA with most of the power going to the LED One simple method for implementing a single step mode in the 1802 microprocessor is shown in RCA publication MPM 201A User Manual for the CDP1802 Microprocessor ELF Sco sci 964 e PARTS LIST 74C74 DUAL D FLIP FLOP T4CO8 QUAD 2 INPUTAND 4001 QUAD 2 INPUT NOR IC4 4049 INV HEX BUFFER 5 4050 NON INV HEX BUFFER FIGURE 1 STATE DISPLAY CIRCUIT FOR COSMAC ELF 1 470 0 LED T SEGMENT COM ANODE LED DISPLAY RADIO SHACK 276 053 OR SOFTWARE FOR THE CMOS 16X32 VIDEO SYSTEM G E Millar P O Box 1412 Parksville B C VOR 250 I am enclosing a cursor control program which I have written for use with my video display IPSO FACTO issue 6 Page 23 which will handle the following commands 1 01 home cursor 2 08 back space 3 09 cursor right k line feed 5 OB cursor up 6 OD carriage return 7 ll scroll up 8 12 errase from cursor to end of screen 9 18 clear screen 10 20 display ASCII character all inputs from 0019 not specifie
6. GLIDER ON MOVE 83 VERY LONG 300 TURNS SOON INTO B 1504 MOVES GLIDERS ON MOVES 59 113 140 START UP AND RIGHT OF CENTS VERY LONG MAKES BLOCK AND J POND IN 76 NEVER LARGE THAN 200 HITS 51055 ON 32X64 3 BLOCKS 1 BLINKER IN 100 OVES 1510 KNOWN FROM SCI 848 PAGS OF PI o FAMILY 5 APPS 173 MOVES 55 E m WF papi SE Bh gw HP BP ZB cH B BER oh PI FAMILY TREE SHOWING 10 JIF sizNI STARTING STATES LEADING SALE WOLL KNOWN SEQUENCE ARS OTHERS xe bum 4 INTERESTING LIFE PATTERNS DISCOVERED BY ED HUTCHINSON EXCEPT B BEN HUTCHINSON 159 MOVES MAKES 3 BEEHIVES 1 GLIDER PRODUCES PI AT RIGHT AFTER 75 MOVES PLUS OTHER STUFF WHICH GOES INDEPENDENTLY FOR 20 OR 25 MOVES 100 MOVES HITS STAYS SMALL LOAF AND BLOCK AFTER 90 MOVES MAKES 2 PI S BACK TO BACK SYMMETRY DIES AFTER 60 Ok 70 MOVES 1 BEEHIVE AFTER 76 MOVES VERY LONG LIVED HITS ALL SIDES OF 32 64 2 BLOCKS amp 2 TUBS AFTER 61 MOVES 6X6 ALSO TRY 7X7 VERY LONG LIVED 42 MOVES amp 10x10 BECOMES SYMMETRICAL PRODUCES FOUR SQUARES OSCILLATOR PERIOD 5 STABLE AFTER 211 GENERATIONS 4 BLINKERS l BLOCK NEVER LARGE VERY NICE 2 GLIDERS 6 MAKES 4 PONDS 2 TRAFFIC LIGHTS
7. 1 54 el 22 56 57 2B 58 29 50 5 51 5C 32 5D 52 5E 34 FA 80 5 56 52 3D 60 38 61 lst Music Byte 29 F6 Load the hex number of repeats for each verse in the appropriate verse counter loading OO will skip that verse Put the hex address in the 2nd verse starting address Each verse must end with OO note 28 NEVER ON SUNDAY One Verse 60 25 26 2C 26 29 2B Ch AK 28 Ch 28 Ch AL 70 28 Ah AC 28 49 49 49 49 20 25 26 20 26 2 29 80 28 Gh 28 Ch 28 Ch AL 28 29 28 2F 29 46 L6 90 16 46 20 25 26 26 2F 29 28 Ch 28 Ch A4 28 AO Ch 28 28 AKL 49 49 49 49 20 25 26 26 BO 29 28 Ch 28 Ch 28 Ch 28 29 28 2F 29 46 46 46 46 LO Ch CC CD C6 C6 C6 C5 C6 AD CF DO C6 CD CD CD CD CD AC AD C6 CD CC CC CC CC CC AL EO CD Ch 49 49 19 49 LO C4 CC CD C6 C6 C6 C6 c6 FO AD CF C6 CD CD CD CD CD OO Or if using original program load at Hex 50 and add the following instead of 40 OO listed at hex F9 and FA AC AD C6 CD CC CC CC CC CC AL AC CD Ch 46 46 46 46 20 00 BABY ELEPHANT WALK Two verses Memory Address of 2nd verse is hex AD 60 1E 29 AC AE AD AC 27 29 40 hO 3C 1E 70 29 AE AD AC 49 49 49 26 66 26 26 2C 80 1E 29 AC AE AD AC 27 29 O 40 20 90 29 CD CD AB 29 20 29 LC LC 94 9C 94 19 2F 26 48 AO 48 18 1E 26 2A 24 20 LO 00 1E
8. DLDI BR GLO ADI PLO BNF GHI ADI PHI GHI XRI BNZ GHI PHI GLO SMI PLO BDF GHI SMI PHI XRI BZ LDI PHI DLDI GLO ADI 18 CLEARC 09 SCROLL 3 02 ERRACE ADDCUR 815 R12 RI2 CKPAGE 3 R12 20 872 VEXIT 3 CLEAR SCREEN 18 SCROLL UP 11 ERASE TO END OF SCREEN I2 STORE CHARACTER INC CURSOR CHECK FOR END OF PAGE ADD CURSOR RETURN Rl2 CR RI2 ADDCUR 8E00 R12 ADDCUR R12 4 20 RI2 CKPAGE 3 RI2 8 01 R12 R12 90 ADDCUR 3 RI2 R14 R12 20 R14 SCRI RI2 01 R12 8E SCRI 8F RIA 8 12 RI2 20 12 HOME CURSOR pr CHANGE PAGE YES CURSOR OFF SCREEN NO STORE CURSOR LOCATION LINE UP IS CURSOR OFF SCREEN NO YES ROLL UNDER HOME CURSOR O OQ s O UI gt 5 N a 20 RC1802 VOIA 839A 839B 839C 839D 839E 839F 83A0 83A1 83A3 83A5 83A7 83A8 83AA 83AB 83AD 83BO 83Bl 83B2 83B3 83B4 83B6 83B8 83BA 83BB 83BD 83CO 83C3 83C4 83C5 83C6 83C7 83C9 83CA 83CB 83CC 83CE 83CF 8301 8303 8304 8305 8306 8307 9C BF 4F 5C 9F FB 3A 30 8C FF AC 33 9C FF BC 38 2C 9C FB 3A F8 BC 30 F8 F8 9C BE ac AE F8 5C 9 9E BC 8E AC 30 90 9D C7 20 B3 01 80 5 5B 00 20
9. When I enter the inspection routine register O is then indexed The advantage of DMA is it runs independant of your current program by stealing cycles when signalled by the disadvantage is it requires a little more hardware see schematic This DMA interface contains a counter that sets the size of memory block When used as DMA Out all action stops when the count is reached and an alarm sounds until the DMA OUT switch is restored On DMA IN the alarm sounds when the data input equals the block Size setting However it will continue to receive if data is resented until the switch is restored SCHEMATIC ON PAGE 34 31 LGCN 0000 0000 0001 0003 0005 0007 0008 0009 000A 000C 000D 000 0010 0011 0012 0015 0014 0016 0017 0018 0019 0018 001 0010 001 001 0020 0021 0025 0024 0026 0027 0028 0029 002 002 002 002 0050 0051 0055 0054 0055 0056 0037 0038 0059 0038 005 0050 0040 0042 0045 OBJ CODE 5 START FINISH AROUND RST WRLOOP RAGA IN RDLOOP CHECK SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 SUPER FAST MEMORY TEST PROGRAM BY K N SMITH STANDARD RCA LEVEL 1 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE SYNTAX ORG NOP BR DC DC GHI PHI PHI LDI PLO SEX LDI STR OUTA DEC PLO LDI PLO LDA PHI PHI LDA PLO PLO LDA PHI LDA PLO LDI PLO LDI PHI PLO SEP GHI STR INC BNF LDI PLO LDI PHI PLO
10. 19 64 37 14 1C 168 lE 6C lF 64 37 20 22 F8 FD A1 25 F8 O1 A6 28 05 32 59705 2C 32 5 5 COMMENT Clear mind of all previous desires Collect thoughts and all aims Concentrate stellar house Speak softly and wait for signs Consult the god of wisdom if he s in and taking visitors Send messenger PROGRAMMER S ZODIAC CONT D ADDRESS INSTRUCTION COMMENT 32 32 72805 to mind of Zeus 35 32 70905 38 32 88 D5 Dismiss the guy 3B 32 938 5 for drinking 3E 32 9 05 job 11 32 198 13 F8 10 05 Read subject s 17 32 BI D5 mind 32 BFKD5 40 32 Read stars LF 30 224 51 F 21 F5 Read moon 54 56 F8 F9 A1 Read Gone with 59 04 30 22 the Wind 5C 8 20 F5 5F 3B 56 Make up something 61 F8 FAX Al for those who 61 D4 30 22 forgot birthday 67 F8 21 F5 6A 3B 61 Compare signs 6C F8 FB A1l 6F 04 30 22 Compare houses 72 F8 21 F5 75 3B 609 Compare bank 77 F8 FC Al books 7 04 30 22 7D F8 22 F5 80 3B 77 Ask for more 82 F8 money 85 D4 30 22 88 8 22 5 Study the 8B 3B 82 Cosmos 8D F8 D5 A1l 90 D4 30 22 Study the 93 F8 24 F5 Eros 96 3B 8D 98 F8 F5 Al Study the 9B 04 30 22 9E F8 24 F5 Al 98 Ask forgiveness A3 F8 11 A1 A6 04 30 22 Take a nap A9 21 F5 AC 3B A3 and dream of AE F8 21 A1 Atlantis D4 30 22 B4 F8 24 F5 Blurt out a B7 3B AE prediction B9 F8
11. 78 7 2 Motion to adopt Minutes of 78 4 78 5 and 78 6 as includ ed in Issue 6 Proposed George York Seconded Tom Crawford Carried unanimously 78 7 3 Deadline for the T shirt Logo Contest is the meeting scheduled for December 12 1978 Entries will be judged at that meeting 78 7 4 The Training Co ordinator Norm Cunningham has had to resign due to business commitments Rod Dore and Mike Pupeza volunteered Motion to approve Rod Dore and Mike Pupeza as Training Co ordinators Proposed Ken Bevis Seconded George York Carried unanimously 78 7 5 The members introduced themselves and mentioned their systems aspirations 78 7 6 Fred Feaver will co ordinate and compile a study of hardware and software problems that are arising 78 7 7 Tom Crawford demonstrated his system x MINUTES OF CLUB MEETING 78 7 CONT D 78 7 8 Motion to adjourn meeting Proposed John Hanson Seconded Wayne Bowdish Passed The meeting adjourned at 10 00 P M About 35 people attended THE ASSOCIATION OF COMPUTER EXPERIMENTERS MINUTES OF CLUB MEETING 78 8 HELD AT STELCO WILCOX ST AUDITORIUM 10 OCTOBER 1978 8 00 78 8 1 The meeting was preceded by 1 hour tutorial 78 8 2 George York secretary treasurer reported a paid membership of 271 and current assests of 2 953 78 8 3 Newsletter Issue 8 should be ready for the next meeting Bernie Murphy asked for help to decrease the workload of the newsletter editing
12. C7 90 5 KBSCRN RCA SCR21 LTC CLEARC CLRI PLO GHI PHI LDA STR INC GHI XRI BNZ BR GLO SMI PLO BDF GHI SMI PHI SKP DEC GHI XRI BNZ LDI PHI BR DLDI GHI PHI GLO PLO LDI STR INC GLO BNZ GHI XRI BNZ GHI PHI GLO PLO BR END 10 OCT 78 08 35 45 PAGE 3 13 R15 R12 RIS 5 RI2 RI2 RIS 90 SCR2 CLRI 12 20 12 RI2 01 12 RI2 RI2 80 ADDCUR RI2 ADDCUR 8E00 R12 R12 R14 812 RIA 20 RI2 RI2 RI2 CLRI R12 90 CLRI R14 Rl2 R14 812 ADDCUR GET DATA STORE IT NEXT FINISHED NO YES CLEAR LAST LINE MOVE CURSOR LINE UP CHANGE PAGE NO YES BACK SPACE OFF PAGE NO YES ROLL UNDER CLEAR SCREEN CLEAR TO END OF SCREEN LOAD SPACE STORE IT NEXT DONE PAGE NO YES END OF SCREEN NO YES RESTORE CURSOR LOCATION THE THREE KEYBOARD PROBLEM Jim R Smith 7 4629 North Shore Drive Wichita Falls TX 76310 Once upon a time I had three keyboards an ASCII an ELF II 740922 and 740173 and a keyboard using a 4515 for VIP programs I used the circuit in a recent BYTE magazine using a 7486 and a 74 00 to convert from ASCII to hex Then I had to pack the hex numbers used about 5 actually 44 74LS74 s you use what you have to accomplish this Well this took care of TINY and input
13. AFTER 90 MOVES 4 PI S 90 APART GOES ON AND PRODUCED FROM 11X11 CHECKERBOARD IN 1 MOVE ONE BOAT AFTER 73 MOVES SHORTER BUT INTER ESTING WITH 7 UNIT SIDES DIES IN L6 MOVES BUT BEAUTIFUL Je EN Hume E These interesting make them symmetrical ILLUSTRATED DIAG 10 traffic lights in 2 or 3 moves diagonals 4 diag 6 4 ponds in 10 diag 8 Stable after 42 moves traffic lights in ring of blocks diag 210 Dies in 22 Fairly interesting diag 12 Remarkable stable pattern after 28 moves nice diag 14 4 traffic lights after 31 moves hits top and bottom diag 16 Pond after 38 moves Hits top or bottom diag 18 Many moves 100 hits all sides of 32X64 Single row diaronal X s and V s do interesting things They last longer and are more interesting if the ends are anchored as shown so that the arms do not burn as fuses TRY DIFFERENT LENGTHS X AND V 58 1 7 10 11 12 13 LIFE HISTORIES OF VARIOUS LENGTHS OF 3 PARALLEL DESIGN IES AFTER 31 MOVES SPECTACULAR DIES AFTER 7 OSCILLATOR WITH PERIOD 8 INCLUDES DIES AFTER 7 DIES AFTER 7 DIES AFTER 7 DIES AFTER 35 MOVES DIES IN 11 MOVES SPECTACULAR 59 9 CONT D 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 27 28 diamond 10 one sid is nice smaller similar figures die quickly P
14. BZ Y A and B Y Indicates AND S d If 1 and 1 then 1 V When switch is closed 1 and switch is closed 1 then the light Y is illuminated 21 This is the simple series circuit There be from 2 to 8 inputs in one IC package All inputs must be 1 for Y to be 1 OR GATE Also called INCLUSIVE or B Y 4 indicates If 1 or B w 1 then Y 1 or both and B 1 then Y w 1 A p V Ts When switch A is closed 1 or switch B is closed 1 or both A and B are closed 1 then the light comes on Yel This is the simple parallel or shunt circuit with two or more gates in parallel NAND GATE An AND gate together with a NOT gate makes a NAND Gate NOT AND Nb B The bar indicates negation when a switch is in its un operated position it is considered O The switches shown are normally closed If switch A and switch B are operated opened 1 then the light will be extinguished 0 So Y or K B Y 49 HARDWARE BASICS CONT D ALTERNATIVE ANALOGY NAND If A and B are closed the light goes out Y This is series shunt switching circuit NOR GATE eee n OR GATE together with a NOT GATE makes a NOR GATE NOT OR gt 2 If switch or switch both is operated 1 then the light will be extinguished or If neither i
15. CONT D ME AND MY MICRO Volker Raab Ramtenvej 30 DK8581 Nimtofte Denmark First of all I ve not got it yet Rather x uel I stumbled over an ad describing an affordable less than 200 and useful TV 4 cassette audio system based on the RCA 1802 Thats how it all started Ever since I ve been busy gathering infor mation and parts At present I have gathered 1 article 2 pieces of 2114 RAM memory and an ASCII keyboard oh luxury manuals should be on their way now I hope to get hold of more memory and dare I hope floppy disc Problem is when first I have acquired the main frame my budget will not allow for more than an 1C or a cassette now and then for some time At present my mainframe will most likely be ELF kit would prefer to start with a motherboard and a heap of IC s but I chose not to do so due to lack of experience tools etc I have worked with software on all levels from big mainframes to bare minis for nearly a decade present while working with a maxi I believe in a sort of micro revolution With regard to software I think I would likewise prefer to do it all by myself ending with PASCAL as described in BYTE 78 9 etc Unfortunately however family and friends will ask what I ve got for all the money I ve spent and why doesn t it do something It would be lucky if I could buy a cassette for the VIP now and then just to show what I could make it do too Honestly I wan
16. OO lE 8740 V7 V4 OO 0220 5 1 SKIP IF KEY V5 05 22 8750 V7 V5 05 24 4700 SKIP IF V7 00 26 2250 DO 0250 0228 A262 I 0262 022A F065 VO 2C 4000 SKIP IF VO Z OO 2E 1208 GO 0208 KEY SCAN FINISHED 0230 EO9E SKIP IF KEY VO 52 GAME OF LIFE UPDATE CONT D 0232 1224 GO 022A 34 69FF V9 FF 36 VO xo PF 0238 8035 VO 03 3F01 IF VF 01 3C 1242 GO 0242 023 7901 V9 V9 01 0240 1238 GO 0238 42 7002 VO VO 4 02 8104 Vl Vl VO L6 8294 V2 V2 V9 48 1208 GO 0208 0588 MLS DRAW PICTURE ON PAGE 5 0250 0121 WRITE SPOT 52 LFO0 SKIP IF VF Z OO 54 0121 WRITE SPOT 0256 OOEE RETURN 0258 0020 DUMMY VAR VO INITIAL X Vl 1003 INITIALY V2 SUBTRAHEND VAR V3 50 0005 OFF KEY ON KEY V5 5E TIME DELAY V6 CURSOR nor TO START V7 0260 EVOLVE KEY V8 NOT USED 62 0102 64 0304 KEYS SCANNED SEQUENTIALLY 66 0607 0268 0809 6A 0080 EXIT LOOP SPOT BYTE Load Hutchinson s Machine Language Life VIP Version AS LISTED from tape into PAGES 3 and 4 THEN make the following changes ADDRESS NEW BYTE WHY 030D SET BACK POINTER R2 amp SUB COUNTERS TO 0327 C INHIBIT ERASE 0460 0479 NOT USED NOW 0328 O4 PROTECT PAGE 1 JUST IN CASE 031F 05 USE PAGE 5 AND 7 FOR DISPLAY CHIP 8 NEEDS PAGE 6 DRAW LIFE FORMS THEN PRESS KEY E TO EVOLVE THAT S LIFZ FORMS NOT PUBLISHED IN SCIENTIFIC
17. 004B 76 004C BE 004D 2E 004 004 42 0051 0052 3555 0054 1A 0055 DF 0056 E2 0057 89 0058 52 0059 9E 005A F4 005B A9 005 8A 005D 76 005 9E OO5F 7A 0060 3832 0062 78 0065 5052 29 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 36 USES FLAG 2 AS SERIAL INPUT PORT R15 PC FOR DELAY SUBR R14 CHAR BIT COUNTER R13 PC FOR ROUTINE R10 PARITY COUNTER FLAG EF2 RESULT IN D REG X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X x x RETURN TO CALLER EXPECT 8 BITS SAVE AWAY WAIT FOR START BIT 1 2 BIT TIME VALUE WORKS ONLY FOR 1 MHZ CLOCK R15 R15 2 TO MISS LDI 62 AT DELAY DELAY 1 2 TIME GOOD START ZERO BIT COUNTER NOW DELAY ONE BIT TIME RESET DF BIT ON SET DF COUNT BIT GET CHAR SHIFT DF INTO CHAR SAVE RESULT T LL NOW NUMBER OF BITS TO GO INTO D DONE YET DELAY FOR PARITY BIT PARITY BIT ON YES INCREMENT DELAY FOR STOP BIT SET UP STACK CHEKSUM TILL NOW STORE CHECKSUM GET CURRENT CHARACTER DO CHECK SUM ADD SAVE AWAY PARITY BIT COUNT LSB SHOULD BE ZERO GET OUR CHARACTER ASSUME NO PARITY ERR NONE BAD NEWS x CASSETTE INPUT ROUTINE x REGISTER USAGE x x x k INPUTS x OUTPUTS RXRETURN SEP R3 RXENTRY LDI 8 PLO R14 RXSTART BN2 DI 3 NOTE ABOVE INC R15 R15 SEP R15 BN2 RXSTART LDI 0 PLO R10 RXLOOP SEP
18. 007F 80 0081 0082 0085 0085 0086 0087 0088 OBJ CODE STMT 8A 3A85 F 8FF AA 3014 7B 2D 9D 52 64 22 3754 56 8D 52 59 60 61 62 65 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 75 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 85 84 85 86 87 88 89 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 115 114 115 116 SOURCE STATEMENT ERROR EXIT PNGEN STOP OUTLOC DIAGNOSTICS GENERATED SYMBOLS BNZ GLO BNZ 191 PLO BR SEQ DEC GHI STR OUT4 DEC B4 BN4 GLO STR OUT4 DEC B4 BN4 INC REQ LDI STR OUT4 DEC BR SEP GLO STR SHR XOR SHR SHR GHI SHRC PHI GLO SHRC PLO GLO STR GLO SM GHI STR GHI SMB GHI STR GLO XOR PHI BR SEQ IDL RAGA IN 5 RST RC RC RC RC RF R2 RD RF R2 RD RC R2 RA R9 EXIT 00 33 1802 VER 1 6 TEST IF DATA HAS BEEN COMPLEMENTED IF NOT SET XOR MASK TO FF BAD NEWS POINT TO BAD LOCATION DISPLAY HI ADORESS WAIT FOR DISPLAY LO ADDRESS WAIT FOR RESTORE RD RESUME TESTING RETURN GENERATE PN BYTE XOR BIT 1 AND 2 OF RC SHIFT XOR RESULT INTO DF SHIFT RC RESULT AND DF INTO BIT 15 OF RC SUBTRACT RF FROM RD SET DF 0 IF RDSRF PRESENT ADDRESS END ADDRESS SET DF 1 IF RD t RF INVERT OR NON INVERT PN RESULT FINAL PN BYTE IS IN R9 1 MEMORY TEST COMPLETE UP V 8 RRD THRL DMA IN
19. 1 45v 12 22K DMA OUT 15 iC 21 IC 22 23 TO TOGGLES USED ON ELF I P FACILITY SELECTS 4 FROM TO 16 PAGES 4023 4913 4069 40M 4016 4040 4016 TRANSISTORS 282222 PR DATA READY THRE TRANSMIT HOLDING REGISTER EMPTY O ZP INDICATIONS FROM UART MEMORY PAGE DECODERS Ken Bevis 220 Cherry Post Drive Mississauga Ontario L5A 1H9 When additional memory is added to the 1802 further page decocing is necessary The following schematic describes mininum system for decoding up to 16K of 2102 or 4116 chips If you have smaller than chips this is handled by further breaking out a 1K block to its 4 pages The CMOS 4515 is amp line to 16 line decoder complete with latch The latch is triggered on the trailing edge TPA which allows full time for the high order address bits to stablize which means no problem exceeding 2 or 3 megahertz clock The CMOS 4555 is enabled by the 4515 in the situation where must be broken out into 4 pages two of these circuits are available on the one chip The third chip is the RCA CDP 1859 which is used to latch address leads 8 and 9 If this chip cannot be located a D FLOP and single inverter can be substituted ADDRESS 0 unuooma 35 PROBE M J Pupeza LOGIC Phone 644 Bathurst St Toronto Ontario One of the easiest to use and most useful trouble shooting aids for problems in your micro system is a good logic prob
20. 29 BO AE AD AC AA 27 29 hO hO 3C 1E 29 AC AE AD CO AA 49 49 49 26 46 46 46 26 26 26 hO DO 40 3C 1E 29 AC AE AD AC 27 29 40 4O 20 29 CD EO CD AB 29 20 29 CC CC 95 9C 95 19 2F 26 48 L8 IF FO 18 1F 15 26 2A 24 40 OO conserve memory space this program does not zero any of the high registers If you load it and you get random notes run the following program 90 B1 B2 BF and then key in the first sixteen bytes and try again It works for me I d be glad to transcribe any requests if they re accompanied by the sheet music my library is somewhat limited 29 TINY BASIC SQUARE ROOT ROUTINE VERSION 2 Jim Howell 5172 Playa del Rey San Jose 95123 I would like to thank Tom Crawford for an excellent article on a Tiny BASIC square root routine in the August 1978 issue of IPSO FACTO I have modified his first try routine so that it works and is simpler than Tom s full blown routine The major difference between our routines is that my routine stops looping when the new trial value is one more than the old trial value line 1060 below as well as when they are equal line 1050 If the branch in line 1060 is taken either B or C could be the correct root this is the reason for the test in line 1090 1000 IF A 0 GOTO 1030 1010 0 1020 RETURN 11030 B A 182 2 104 0 C B A B 2 1050 IF C B RETURN 1060 IF 1 GOTO 1090 1070 1080 GOTO 1040 1090 IF lt
21. 2R b A CR a 26 6 2 2 4 R R R 2 d 2 FIGURE 2 D C 22 INCREMELMT DATA POINTER RESET STARTING AODtESS V Ser DURATION FoR PAUSE S Te 10 Seconds OurPur Fon Qurer 0 BETWEEN NOTES lt lt nore ee impies end ot i 5 sic fo ouais 000 T 23 RE 4 I po A D CexTM Dresta Lee Rs See 16 2 74163 similia Sy Comper oan T y 7995 LATEN Ryd IOR 2 74 fiom 16 727 Counter 1798 Companeren To PoAT A b b wA8 V 0 5 7 2 E gt gt EWA V 2 49 5 P Sw satt 1 F 6 LINE V o sv Sorte Inur 24 Da stray Lwrteanurr TO IFuN I 1 SET 0 Tim renames SET uP DMA FoR DISPLAY UPDATE 5 MINTES A Ger Q Ime sfeonas TEST FLAG LINE 21 sera 0 5 Oxrsecay kuts gt str 23 4
22. 4F Al or some BC 04 30 22 such drivel BF F8 23 F5 C2 BOF 16 PROGRAMMER S ZODIAC CONT D ADDRESS INSTRUCTION Ch F8 DA Al C7 30 22 22 5 3B CLR F8 Z8 A1 D2 D4 30 22 D5 DO D6 86 F5 D8 3A DD DA 60 30 05 DD 16 30 05 EO DO El E2 F8 6A E5 2A 9A E7 32 E9 30 E5 EB F8 01 41 EE 6 EF F8 2A BA F2 2A 9A 32 30 F2 F8 10 50 70 80 90 FD OO 00 OO COMMENT Waste a lot of and repeat for those that are hard of hearing Wait for next victim CHARACTER REFERENCE SHEET If the Cosmac can get it all together long enough to compute it will flash out the code for your character after you enter your month day and time 01 24 for 24 hour day of birth If you can t remember the exact time enter your favorite number which usually works for most Horoscopes May the stars be with you friendly Idealistic self centered fearless honest tempermental this person sends 256 word hex programs to the Academy of Computer Sciences and a copy to solid and tranquil seldom worries deliberate and opinionated usually thinks his computer system is best on the market and tells everyone in the club so flighty impatient alert neat not puntual talkative this person writes short neat programs and never debugs CODE CHARACTER TRAITS ETC 80 Kilobaud 90 them DO dreamy and immaginative s
23. AB AB C5 A5 6E 2E AA 28 C5 20 EA 2E EB 2E C5 AB 20 A5 EA 20 27 28 27 27 28 27 GOD REST AB 27 AB 20 2 19 2 2 AC AD AA 29 29 27 HARK LC LF CC ED AD 6F 2E LF 6F 2E CC Ch CD CC Ch CD Ch WHILE MERRY 47 ME 6D 27 AD AD 19 17 2E 29 47 lE EB A5 AB 2E 2E 6D 20 3 2 Duration 19 CA 9B AD AA 29 9B 95 lE 17 19 A5 AD 27 27 25 26 C5 28 29 2D 29 17 27 2E 2E 27 2 27 2E CA THE HERALD ANGELS CA CA 49 49 49 49 EL 49 SHEPHERDS WATCHED EA ED AC 49 Ch 49 Ch Ch LE CAME UPON A MIDNIGHT 5 lE AB 95 20 95 AD 47 17 AD A5 CA 9D 29 47 CLEAR LE 2E LE 27 2F 17 AB GENTLEMEN 3 2 2D 2E 27 29 CB 29 CA 29 29 AA AB SING CC CC EC CC 49 69 CC cc CC AA AL AA AL 49 CA CC 49 MF E5 A5 ED AD BA 19 27 27 17 69 17 1E AB CA 9B 95 3D 1 17 19 AB A5 AD CB 9D 9E C7 3 2 Duration 28 AB 2E 47 27 28 A5 AB LE 27 LE 2E Duration CB AD 2E AL 2E 2F CC CB 20 LE COME ALL YE FAITHFUL 3 2 Duration 28 48 26 28 Ch 28 AL 49 AL 49 26 28 28 AC 5 16 AC A5 16 66 20 C6 A5 29 2
24. AMERICAN The accompanying pages show some interesting life forms dis covered by my son and I They are most easily entered using the cursor drawing option however if you don t have 8 it is easy to code them up by hand They are drawn grid square paper to make this easier I have not tried to duplicate or summarize the wealth of material published in the Mathematical Games column of Scientific American between October 1970 and February 1972 Anyone seriously 23 GAME OF LIFE UPDATE CONT D interested should start by going to the nearest large public or college library and looking up this material My original program listing and write up of LIFE gave four examples of interesting starting states taken from Scientific American and also an example on how to code the patterns for entry into memory Two of these R Peatomine and Pi are examples of simple patterns with very long and complicated lives The pulsar is an example of a periodic or oscillating form while the glider is an example of a moving form The types are listed in order of increasing rarity very A moving forms are known and we have not discovered any though we have found many simple long lived forms and a few periodic oscillators I am eager to hear from anyone who discovers new LIFE forms or who has any published material not printed in Scientific American such as the LIFELINE newsletter apparently published 1971 73 by Robert Wainwright Write
25. R15 ADI 0 B2 RXBITOFF SM O INC RIO RXBITOFF R14 SHRC PHI R14 DEC R14 GLO R14 BNZ RXLOOP SEP R15 B2 NOPAR I TY 10 NOPARITY SEP R15 SEX R2 GLO CHECKREG STR R2 GHI R14 ADD PLO CHECKREG GLO R10 SHRC GHI R14 BNF SEQ BR RXRETURN 29 RETURN TO CALLER LOCN OBJ CODE STMT SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 FR RR K X X X X X X X X 114 DELAY ROUTINE 115 116 REGISTER USAGE R13 CALLER 117 R12 0 WORK REG 118 119 X X X X X X X X X X X X x X x X x x x x x 0065 DD 120 DELRTN SEP R13 RETURN TO CALLER 0066 F83E 121 DELAY LDI 62 1 BIT TIME AT 1 MHZ 122 NOTE ABOVE VALUE WORKS ONLY FOR 1 MHZ CLOCK 0068 AC 125 PLO R12 SAVE AWAY 0069 2C 124 DELDECR DEC R12 COUNT DOWN 006A 8C 125 GLO R12 RESULT INTO D 006B 3A69 126 BNZ DELDECR DONE 006D 3065 127 BR DELRTN RETURN TO CALLER 128 129 130 X X X X X X X X X X X X X x x X x 131 CASSETTE DUMP ROUTINE 132 133 REGISTER USAGE R2 STACK 134 R3 P C 135 7 1 1 PAGE 136 R7 0 0 137 R8 1 00 PAGE 138 R9 LENGTH OF WRITE 139 R10 0 PARITY BIT COUNTER 140 R11 0 CHECKSUM REGISTER 141 R13 TX SUBR P C 142 R14 HEXKEYIN 143 R15 DELAY P C 144 145 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Xx X X X X HHH x x 006 E2 146 DUMPSTRT SEX R2 STACK IS R2 0070 95 147 GHI R 0071 148 PHI R13 PU
26. R7 GET DATA BYTE 009 64 192 OUT4 DISPLAY amp INC R7 vAO DD 193 SEP R13 WRITE DATA BYTE 00 1 29 194 DEC R9 DECREMENT LENGTH 00A2 89 195 GLO R9 GET LOWER COUNTER 00 5 3A9D 196 BNZ DONE A PAGE YET 00A5 99 197 GHI 9 GET HIGHER COUNTER 00 6 3A9D 198 BNZ WRITDATA DONE ALL PAGES YET 00 8 8B 199 GLO GET CHECK SUM 00A9 FBFF 200 FF ONES COMPLEMENT DD 201 SEP R13 WRITE IT 00 202 IDL QUIT OOAD C4 203 NOP FOR PATCH C4 204 NOP FOR PATCH LOCN OBJ CODE STMT SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 205 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X HHH 206 CASSETTE OUTPUT ROUTINE 207 208 REGISTER USAGE R15 PC FOR DELAY 5088 209 R14 CHAR BIT COUNTER 210 R13 CHAR INPUT 211 R12 LOOP COUNTER 212 R11 CHECKSUM REGISTER 215 R10 PARITY COUNTER 214 215 INPUTS D CHARACTER TO BE 216 SENT 217 218 OUTPUTS Q LINE SERIAL OUT 219 220 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 36 x OOAF D3 221 TXRETURN SEP R RETURN TO CALLER 00BO BE 222 TXENTRY PHI R14 SAVE CHAR IN D 00B1 E2 225 SEX R2 RESET X REG TO R2 00B2 52 224 STR R2 SAVE ON STACK ALSO 0085 88 225 GLO R11 GET CURRENT CHECKSUM 0084 F4 226 ADD PERFORM ADD 00B5 AB 221 PLO R11 AND SAVE AWAY 0086 F800 228 LDI 0 D 0 00B8 AA 229 PLO R10 CLEAR PARITY COUNT 00B9 F808 250 LDI 8 8 BITS PER CHARACTER 251 PLO R14 NUMBER OF BITS TO GO OOBC 7A 252 REQ SET START BIT 0080 DF 233 SEP R15 DELAY ONE B
27. SEC 3801 F838 17 LDI A 1 KDATA SAVE ADDR FOR CHARACTER 3803 BE 18 PHI R14 3804 F880 19 LDI A O KDATA 3806 AE 20 PLO R14 3807 EE 21 SEX R14 3808 80 22 GLO RO GET CHARACTER 3809 5E 23 STR R14 NOW STORE 380A 3278 24 BZ CONTRL IGNORE CODE ZERO 380C FAB80 25 ANI 80 26 BNZ CONTRI 3810 838 27 LDI A 1 POS GET CURRENT LINE 3812 BF 28 PHI R15 POSITION ADDR 3813 F87E 29 LDI A O POS GET LOWER PART 3815 AF 30 PLO R15 SAVE LOWER PART 3816 31 LDA 815 3817 1 32 PHI R1 PUT IT INTO R1 3818 OF 33 LDN R15 3819 A1 34 PLO R1 381A FO 35 LDX RESTORE CHARACTER 381B FFOA 36 LINE FEED 381D 3244 37 BZ SCROLL YES SCROOL SCREEN 381F FO 38 LDX RESTORE CHARACTER 3820 FFOD 39 C R 3822 3229 40 BZ CR BRANCH IF C R 3824 FO 41 NOCR LDX RESTORE CHARACTER 3825 12 42 12 CONTROL R 3827 3431 43 NORET 3829 F83B 44 CR 1 YES RESET LINE POINTER 382B B1 45 PHI R1 382C F860 46 LDI 0 382E A1 47 PLO R1 382 3076 8 RETURN DONE WITH THIS 3831 FO 49 NORET LDX RESTORE CHARACTER 3832 FF14 50 14 CONTROL T 3834 3A3C 51 BNZ NOCT BRANCH IF NOT 3836 60 52 IRX 3837 F801 53 LDI 01 3839 73 54 STXD 383A 3076 55 BR RETURN 383C FO 56 NOCT LDX RESTOR
28. between O and 255 Pressing the input switch will enter your answer the answer is correct the LED display OUT 4 will show CC and Q will be turned on if wrong Q will be turned off and the Display will show FF Releasing the switch will show a new number There is no time limit BINARY QUIZ PROGRAM CONT D CODE ADDR 31 12 15 00 00 Ch Ch 00 00 20 AO 20 AO 20 AO 13 84 35 08 78 7 B8 STATEMENT GHI RO PHI Rl PHI R2 PHI R3 PHI R LDI 31 PLO R3 LDI 412 R2 LDI 15 R1 SEP R3 LDXA RET DEC R2 INTERRUPT SAV DEC R2 STR 2 NOP LDI 00 PHI RO LDI 00 PLO RO GLO RO SEX R2 COMMENT Clear Register 1 1 Clear Register 2 1 Clear Register 3 1 Clear Register 8 1 Main Program Counter Stack Pointer Interrupt Program Counter Go To Main Program STACK Restore Contents of D Return from Interrupt Save X P Save Contents of D Delay Set DMA Pointer Refresh Display 8 DMA Cycles Repeat 32 Times Return Turn on Video Display Clear Screen Increase Randowm Number Counter Repeat Until Input Switch is Released Get Random Number Store in RF O Set Bit Counter Table of Bytes for Zero esto Register 6 0 Table of Bytes for One to Register 6 0 Display Location to Register 8 0 and 9 0 Get Random Byte e Shift Left to Test Bit 7 and Put It Back For Storage BINARY QUIZ PROGRAM C
29. complete the program sets Q and stops My next problem was getting the system to do something besides making pictures on TV might also add that all of the fol lowing was done as inexpensively as possible using parts I already had there are surely better ways but not in my case Figure 2 is a digital to analog converter R 2R resistor network coming off a latched output port indicated I actually have two of these D to A s built one to drive a voltage to frequency con verter which then drives an audio amplifier for music and the other D to to drive a strip chart recorder 0 1 With this nominal amount of hardware a great deal of software reduction was possible example a music program all that is required is to sequentially process the data first getting the note Byte and placing it on the latched output port and then looping for the length of time indicated by the duration Byte before get ting the next note As this is a simple program and the hardware is applicable to any system I have only included a flow chart for the program in Figure 3 I might add that in order to set this up the first thing that is required is a test program to place bytes on the output port and then determine the frequency generated by each byte As indicated in Figure 2 the other D A is used to drive a strip chart recorder however this could just as easily be used as input to either an analog or digital meter or for th
30. holder such as a penlite case a cigar case or similar could be used This probe works very well lot better than most I ve tried and has become indispensible for work on my system and other projects While it can t replace a good scope it certainly beats my Radio Shack 9 multimeter TV gt 2 6 V LO 8 V PROBE lt 07ma LOAD 10 Oma LEVEL 1979 01 19 36 SOFTWARE FOR THE IPSO STANDARD Bernie Murphy FOR KANSAS CITY TAPES 102 McCraney St Oakville Ontario Canada L6H 1H6 The Association of Computer Experimenters has formally adopted the software standard as described in IPSO FACTO Issue 6 page 5 THE SIMPLIFIED OR S FORMAT I At least 15 seconds of mark 2400 HZ at the beginning of a file we could make this lower II 11 data bytes are 8 bits plus one start bit even parity and one or more stop bits III The Simplified format as discussed in the third issue of IPSO FACTO be used but slightly modified file type byte ASCII character upper case 5 start address high 1 byte load address high start address low 1 byte load address low 2 1 byte count bytes 16 bit length hi then 1o byte data byte 1 byte 8 bit x the value of the byte e e count byte 8 bit byte 8 bits checksum formed by adding all bytes excluding file type amp checksum byte then taking the ones complement of the above sum data byte n checksum
31. including mailing tax etc per member would have been 9 61 The total worth of the news letter service to members last year came to 12 00 per member We were very fortunate to obtain lot of help from local business and industry in the form of free copying and supplies The help we received was invaluable getting the club off the ground However this year the executive felt we should 22 to be self sufficient thus the dues increased to 10 00 72 NOTICE OF CLUB MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL amp NEW CLUB DUES ASSESSMENT All club memberships expire 31 1978 Club members should complete the form below and mail to George York 60 Chester Road Stoney Creek Ontario Canada L amp E 1Y2 The club dues assessment for the 1978 79 fiscal year is 10 00 Make cheques payable to the Association of Computer Experimenters If know of anyone who would be interested in joining our elub w iin not give him her the membership application are constantly for new members with new and vig ideas SECOND LINE OF ADDRESS POSTAL Association of Computer Experimenter MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL FORM ATTACH MAILING LABEL HERE RST LINE OF ADDRE L CITY amp PROVINCE POSTAL cope
32. put out software and hardware and make the 1802 a leading chip uP s You should also contact other Club s and have them write All we need is a good company to back us up I also have to say that each IPSO FACTO I receive gets bigger and better all the time Keep up the good work Thank you Yours truly Alberto Magnani 22 68 28 Street Astoria New York 11105 Dear Tom Thank you for your note and the membership application It will still be a few weeks before my system is up and running but once it s up I hope to be able to program it quite readily I can t understand why the IDLE instruction uses the address BVS It makes more sense to leave it tristated so that another CPU can reference memory But it s a lovely chip otherwise Yours truly Muray Thayer 115 Parkmount Rd Toronto Ontario Canada MAS 4V3 Sign me up for another year IPSO FACTO is clearly the best 1802 periodical It would be nice to get it sooner June issue arrived only 3 days ago I just sent an article off to KILOBAUD on displaying text on 1861 video sorry I put a lot of work into it and they pay tho not enough My point is that you should probably review articles in KB VIPER etc as well as DDJ Tom Pittman C O Itty Bitty Computers P O Box 23189 San Jose USA 95153 Dear Mr Crawford 94 Recently I had the pleasure of meeting Mr Edw M McCormick and seeing a demonstration of his COSMAC system During the demo he was kind enough
33. sequence PN generator is reset to the same seed or starting point for read and write The memory is read twice through to see if the data is static The write read process is 30 EXTREMELY FAST MEMORY TEST PROGRAM CONT D repeated again but the PN sequence is complemented so that each bit of RAM is tested for 1 and 0 There is no guarantee this program will find all possible faults does any memory test but the probability is very small but finite that a fault won t be caught The prog am is page relocatable but in most cases it will start at 0000 Locations 0003 0004 contains the HI LO start address of RAM test Locations 0005 0006 contains the end address a typical 8K system START OOA FINISH 3FFF To test RAM load program reset run the 4 comes with no data leds on the RAM is OK If the data leds come on and Q on this is the HI address of bad location Press 1 for the LO address Press 1 again to find the next bad location PROGRAM ON PAGES 32 and 33 AN 1802 DMA CONTROLLER Ken Bevis 220 Cherry Post Drive Mississauga Ontario L5A 1H9 The 1802 has a good DMA feature that can be used to dump and load data via a hardware UART simple software routine can be used to set register O to the start memory location this is part of my monitor routine input the page and absolute location of memory that I wish to inspect followed by the page and absclute location where I wish
34. 0 00 1 0 3FB8 77F8 F7EC E6F6 FFFB FFFB 7FFE 37FE 1 O1FC 0000 0900 0808 2000 2000 OPOL C03C 0013 0040 0000 0007 0000 0000 2000 0000 0000 0000 8000 700 5 8018 00 5 1 AGD 0009 000A 1802 0000 0000 8000 8000 0040 0000 0000 0 00 0080 0060 ADCO 0600 1600 3000 0600 7 00 0438 040 0803 00005 0000 060003 0000 8280 09373 0009 0003 00032 000 0030 00 0 9500 00002 00002 0009 00098 00002 0000 00040 0006 0009 00409 00003 0000 0000 ADD STATE DISPLAY TO THE COSMAC ELF David Grenewetzki 23145 Bigler St Woodland Hills CA 91364 youtve added single step operation to your COSMAC ELF micro processor the following circuit will make the task of debugging programs quite a bit easier The circuit in Figure l monitors the state code lines from the ELF and displays a letter corresponding to the current machine state If the machine is in a fetch operation an F is shown on the display Similarly a D for DMA an I for interrupt and an E for execute are displayed STATE CODES La pee NE In operation the circuit samples the ELF s state code lines SCO and 501 during the timing pulse and
35. 0 AC AD 20 Al Al Al AL AD EC 20 2D 29 29 29 29 47 CD CC AA 39 Al 69 29 AL HARDWARE BASICS Fred Feaver 105 Townsend Ave Burlington Ont L7T 1Y8 Some of our readers may be having difficulty in understanding the function of solid state components The basis of most solid state is the various arrangements of gates Gates are AND OR NAND NOR NOT EXCLUSIVE OR AND OR ETC Solid state gates can be simulated by mechan cal contacts or Switches as shown below SIMPLE GATE Analogous to a non inverting buffer driver 0 When contact is closed contact made LIGHT or when Az1 Contacts as shown will not pass current With making contacts shown when switch is closed the coil is energized and the contact is closed causing the light Y to illuminate Once more Y NOT GATE Inverter or Inverter Buffer Driver Contacts as shown pass 47 current R With breaking contacts When switch is open shown left the coil is de energized and the contact is closed thus lighting the LIGHT Y When switch is closed the coil is energized opening its contact to extinguish the LIGHT so is not Y K Y In alternate analogy if switch is iride the light goes out 4 ry gt 0 1 111 HARDWARE BASICS CONT D AND GATE 8 A 8
36. 0 PRODUCTS FROM RCA I understand that the new RCA microprocessor is called an 1804 Write your friendly RCA distributor for the latest product guide The part number of the new guide is MPG 180B SOFIWARE PROJECTS Many Radio Amateurs have CW transit program going How about that elusive CW read program Someone has done it for the 6502 how about the 1802 GETTING YOURSELF UP TO SPEED If you have been missing out on all the fun because of lack of knowledge the time to upgrade is NOW You know what happened in the 1960 5 to all the Engineers and Technicians who said that transistors were gimmicks and that tubes were here to stay they are now unemplgyed The articles by Peter A Stark in Kilo baud magazine are o if your digital hardware knowledge is a little thin or n existant The current software situation for the 1802 leaves much to be desired believe Osborne has a book on 1802 programming book review would be welcomed BOOTLEG SOFTWARE Quite a few of us have TINY BASIC running on the 1802 If you have a borrowed copy please send your money to the author By using a bootleggcopy you are denying the author his much deserved royalty opinion TINY BASIC by Itty Bitty Computers Inc at 5 00 is the software bargain of the century What has been accom plished in 2K bytes of code is truly amazing I understand there exists a 5K version of BASIC for the 1802 is space al
37. 2 0035 RXSTART 0036 RXLOOP 0042 RXBITOFF 004A NOPARITY 0055 DELRTN 0065 DELAY 0066 DELDECR 0069 DUMPSTRT 006 WRITDATA 009D TXRETURN TXENTRY 0080 TXSHIFT 0008 KEYENTRY 0009 IPSO FACTO STANDARD CONT D MORE SOPHISTICATION ALSO REQUIRED Another more sophisticated standard is also required to support things such as named files block counts a seperate check sum for the header etc Refer to IPSO FACTO Issue 3 page 36 If you have any ideas please write them up and submit them to any of the club Executive REFERENCES 1 FACTO 3 36 2 IPSO FACTO 6 P 5 3 5 Audio Cassette Standards Symposium Byte Magasins February 1976 p 72 43 A D NOTES Russ Nelson Box 1191 CCT Potsdam N Y 13676 I m submitting a funny little circuit that works and another that might work An A D converter that converts the position of a pot to a number between O and 3FH HARDWARE SOFTWARE REQ SEQ LDI O ADI 1 9 1 SMI X X is chosen to make the smallest resis tance give a count of zero T CYCLE TIME This circuit should convert two pot positions to numbers I haven t breadboarded it A D NOTES CONT D SOFTWARE Q is assumed reset SE do it twice so that SEQ X and Y have same timing LOOP LDI O time it ADI 1 BNZ 1 BNQ OTHR X or Y PLO RA X store it REQ start timer LOOP OTHR PHI RB RB contains X a
38. 345 x FOREGROUND BACKGROUND QR BASIE 1802 KEYBOARD MONITOR KEYBD CASSETE TAPE IN TEMP PHOTOCELLS ETC TO OTHER DEVICES My system consists of a fully populated RCA COSMAC VIP 4K RAM plus 1 0 Port ASCII Keyboard bay area Electronic Systems San Jose CA part 1 6 and several homebrew boards for I 0 expansion A to D and D to A The first problem I encountered was exchanging tapes with Netronics ELF II users in my area Tapes created by the ELF could be read by my VIP and vise versa however the data was all turned around Depending on which system you have the other writes the data bytes out backwards ie LSB first instead of MSB and inverts each data bit The program in figure 1 corrects this problem This program may be executed by either the supplier of the data before writing it to tape or by the receiver after reading the data in ie the program will work on both the ELF and the VIP Since the program runs in the first page of memory any program that is to be converted which also normally runs in the 19 AN CPD1802 SYSTEM CONT D first page of memory will have to be loaded into a higher area for the conversion and then copied back to tape and read into the first page for execution As indicated with the listing the start and end addresses for the data must be provided When the conversion is
39. 78 8 4 The Training Committee have had 2 tutorials They have Started with basics and tutorials are geared for the novice Mike Pupeza had to resign due to time conflicts therefore Rod Dore asked for volunteers to help with the tutorials The comment was made that the instruction would be easier if a TVT was available 78 8 5 Fred Feaver commented on a lack of requests for hardware help some people mentioned their particular problems There were some comments on the software cassette Standard The software is to be published in Issue 8 78 8 6 Bert deKat discussed some applications that could be applied with the 1802 eg thermostat type temperature sensors moxie temperature sensors for solid state non contacting sensors shaft encoders 3010 opto isolator triac CDP1855 RCA s multiply divide chip 78 8 7 Ken Bevis demonstrated his and monitor There was also a PET available with a blackjack program 78 8 8 The meeting ended at 10 00 P M 31 people attended 71 York NOTE REGARDING MEMBERSHIP DUES 60 Chester Road Stoney Creek Ont L8E 172 from 1 There have been some inquiries regarding the increase of dues 5 00 to 10 00 few words of explanation may be in order The membership dues are meant to cover newsletter expenses eg printing mailing envelopes tax and operating expenses The issues 1 to 6 totalled 218 pages and the membership reached 465 Printing expenses not
40. 8 AL 18 26 28 49 28 A5 CC AWAY IN A MANAGER LC 29 AA Ch Ch CA LF LF AA A 2 49 40 LF 2F CC LE AA 49 CC CD 20 6F 20 CC Ch 48 AC C5 AC AC B4 18 68 2F A5 29 AC 20 20 Ch CC CD EL 6E 20 29 Ch 29 46 AD 2D AD 29 CC DECK THE HALLS 1 2 Duration EC Al 49 LF 49 LF 29 AA 29 EA 6F 20 EC 49 6F 20 69 AE CF CE CD EC 20 EC AD AD EC 49 6F 49 29 19 AL Al 49 20 O LITTLE TOWN OF BETHLEHAM CB CB C4 CB CD EB 20 CB CB CB CE CD 69 20 CB CB CB CA 49 20 CB CB CB Ch CB SILENT NIGHT Double 39 9A 29 6E 39 9A 29 BC 9A 39 9A 29 6E CD AD AF 9D AB EC CE CHRISTMAS TREE 2D 39 19 49 BB 9B 2D 39 19 19 BB 9B AD AD AB CE AD AD AC 4D 39 19 49 BB 9B ANGELS WE HAVE HEARD AB AB AB AD BD 9C CB AB AD BD 9C CB AB CC 9D 9C 9B 9 CB AB AC CB CA CD 9E 9D 9B 9A 19 1D 40 29 6E CA 49 27 CD LE CA AA 49 19 29 67 27 47 47 CD CC 4E Duration 6E CD AD EB BC 9B 20 BC 19 2E CB AB CB AB AA AB CC AC AC AA CB AB AA AB ON HIGH AB AA AB AD AB AD BB 9A 9C 9B 9A 19 9C 9B CC 9D AC JOLLY OLD SAINT NICHOLAS AD AD AD AD AC AC CC 29 2F 2F C4 AA AC CC Ah Al Al AL ED 2
41. 802 1861 4 1831 CMOS roms for the interpreter and 5 games 4 2101 rams 4515 4 to 16 line decoder for the two 10 key keypads 555 for tone generation and a speaker and a built in rf modulat r If you price out the items I don t think one could buy them for that price The cartridge i f for the ROM cartridges hence one could use their own rom or ram at that interface to run your own programs without having to mod the unit much if any I ll report on what I think of it when I get mine and what mods are required to really utilize it From 6 IPSO FACTO I got the LIFE game going for both myself and a friend with an ELF II I wrote the keyboard routine to enable data entry to create the initial pattern for both also he punched up the object code on tape so we could enter it into our systems Unfortunately the source listing must of been a zerox reduced copy and it was difficult to read many of the hex char of the object code finally had to use my disassembler and compare mnemonics to find the one transcription error or reading error that occurred initially ran but had what appeared a digital fold over problem appeared that patterns at the bottom were causing patterns to be generated at the top I even wrote to Hutchinson and he wrote that it should not do that and what lines of code were supposed to prevent it So that was where the disassembler was put to use I should of suspected the reading of the listing woul
42. A should not affect things If the uP timing signal is not present in any of the expected modes of opera tion an external counter could then come in to play I feel it is unfortunate that when they designed the 1802 they didn t also allow the A AND B timing to always occur think those could have been used by the refresh control logic However there appears to be several signals that could be used to inhibit the refresh MRD MWR so that the exception rule could be observed If I am wrong shoot me down Well I must close for Will remain in contact Until Later Harley Shanko 15025 Vanowen St Apt 209 Van Nuys CA USA 91405 Dear George i Enclosed please find a postal money order for 10 00 to renew my membership The June issue of IPSO FACTO has just reached me and it was loaded with valuable ideas I m currently using a Netronics ELF with their expansion board cassette I O etc and a homebrew 1K memory board I d like to get 4K of memory sometime this year and perhaps use the 1K in a video display as per your last issue I m also planning to build the touch display described in the last two issues of BYTE This encoder is especially interesting to me since my wife works with physically handicapped children non contact type of display such as this would be ideal for them I realize it s now early September but if it s at all possible I d like to get a copy of the August IPSO FACTO I ve tried several dif
43. AY WORK R13 RX SUBR P C R14 SUBR WORK R15 DELAY P C X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X CHECKREG EQU STACK EQU LOADSTRT GHI PHI PHI LDI PHI LDI PLO LDI PLO LDI PLO HEADER SEP SMI BNZ PLO REQ SEP PHI SEP PLO SEP PHI SEP PLO LOADLOOP SEP SEX STR OUT4 DEC GLO BNZ GHI BNZ SEP INC GLO BNZ NOP NOP 9 50000 R3 R13 R15 A 1 STACK R2 0 5 R2 RXENTRY R13 DELAY R15 R13 53 HEADER CHECKREG R13 R11 R13 R11 R13 R8 R13 R8 R13 R11 R11 R8 R8 LOADLOOP R8 LOADLOOP R15 CHECKREG CHECKREG LOADSTRT 38 CHECKSUM REG RAM WORK AREA CURRENT PAGE PUT IN R13 HIGH PUT IN R15 HIGH RAM ADDR A 1 OF STACK A 0 OF STACK INTO R2 ADDR OF READ ROUT INTO R13 SET UP R15 AS DELAY SUBROUT INE P C LOOK FOR HEADER UPPER CASE S BRANCH IF NOT ZERO CHECKSUM RESET Q GET ADDR HIGH SAVE GET ADDR LOW SAVE GET BYTE COUNT HIGH AND SAVE GET BYTE COUNT LOW AND SAVE ALSO READ DATA BYTE SET UP DATA POINTER STORE IT DISPLAY amp INC R11 DEC BYTE COUNT LOAD NEW COUNT DONE YET GET COUNT HIGH DONE YET GET CHECKSUM FROM TAPE ADD 1 TO ONES COMPLEMENT GET CHECK SUM OH NO ANOTHER FILE FOR PATCH FOR PATCH LOCN CODE STMT 0032 03 0055 F808 0035 0036 2036 0058 F81F 003A 0058 005 0050 5036 F800 0041 0042 0045 0045 354 0047 FFOO 0049 004A 9E
44. C Moews 16B Yale Road Renwood partments Storrs CT 06268 The price for this software package is 2 50 Also I am sure many 1802 users know of the package put out by Infinite Inc in Florida for adapting the 1802 to 5100 bus Package cost is 9 95 prepaid Mr W J Haberhern Jr Infinite Inc 1921 Waverly Place Melbourne FL 32901 In a discussion with RCA in Sommerville I learned of some new support chips for the 1802 They consist of an 18 1024 word by 4 bit 505 COS MOS random access memory This ram CDP 1825 would minimize chip count of larger memories Also available is a color generator CDP 1862 which interfaces to the 1861 video chip to give color graphics new PAL Compatible TV Interface 1864 a 40 pin chip also new programmable 1 0 Interface 1851 a 40 pin chip new multiply divide unit CDP 1855 for faster math on the 1802 a programmable tone gen erator 256 possible frequencies in the audio range three dif ferent latch and decoder memory interfaces the 1866 1867 and 1868 All of the above chips will be available the fourth quarter of 1978 The new 1804 microprocessor will be coming out the second quarter of 1979 1 the above chips and their specs are available the new 61 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR CONT D Cosmac Microprocessor Product Guide MPG 180B through your local RCA distributor My most recent issue IPSO FAC
45. Disassembler Maxi Basic Text Editor CONTACT Berger 3225 Larche Crescent Regina Saskatchewan 545 1M9 306 586 9288 For sale Netronics ELF II with all edge connectors installed with Manual Giant Beard with Manual 4K RAM Board with Manual All boards assembled and fully socketed ELF and Giant Board tested 4K RAM card not tested since power supply is not capable of supply ing enough current Wall Mount Transformer powers ELF and Giant Board TINY BASIC on ELF II cassette with users Manual Tom Pittmants Short Course on Microprocessor Programming for ELF 1802 TINY BASIC on paper tape from Itty itty Computers with Listing Users Manual and Experimenters kit RCA 1802 Users Manual Copies 68 4 ITEMS FOR SALE CONT D of the Popular Electronics contruction series for the ELF Various articles software source catalogues and programs for 1802 systems Issues 1 7 of IPSO FACTO Total cost of system and software was over 300 WILL SELL EVERYTHING FOR 250 00 Send certified check or money order to William J Grzanich 100 Mill Rd Apt 30 Addison Il 60101 USA PHONE 312 543 0685 LETTERS OF CONTACT Dear Please let others know that several of us in central Connecticut 1 VIP several Elfs many on the verge are interested in forming an 1802 users group to be a chapter of ACE with IPSO FACTO as our newsletter except for local news etc Use my name address and phone to get things st
46. E CHARACTER 383D 51 57 STR R1 DISPLAY CHARACTER 383E 11 58 INC R1 BUMP POINTER 26 LOCN OBJ CODE SIMT 383F 81 3840 FF80 3842 3 76 3844 60 3845 FO 3846 FFO1 3848 384A 73 384B 3076 384D F83A 384F BO 3850 B1 3851 F800 3853 AO 3854 F820 3856 1 3857 41 3858 3859 385A 385B 385D 385F 3860 3862 3864 3866 3867 3869 386A 386C 51 386D 11 386E 81 386F 3871 387 3 3875 3876 81 3877 5 3878 2F 3879 91 387A 5F 3878 FO 387C E2 387D D5 8 387 60 3880 00 3881 00 3882 59 60 61 5 1 103 104 105 106 5 107 108 109 110 DIAGNOSTICS GENERATED 15 SYMBOLS SYMBOL TABLE BOTTOM 3B60 CR 3829 SC1A 384D CONTRL 387B TOPLIN NORET 5 1 SCROLL CONTRL GLO SMI BNZ IRX LDX SMI BNZ STXD BR LDI PHI PHI LDI PLO LDI PLO LDA STR INC GHI SMI BNZ GLO SMI BNZ LDI PHI LDI PLO LDI STR INC GLO SMI BNZ LDI PLO GLO STR DEC GHI STR LDX SEX SEP END 3400 3831 3857 387E SOURCE STATEMENT R1 180 RETURN 01 SC1A RETURN A 1 TOPLIN RO R1 A O TOPLIN RO 20 R1 R1 A O BOTTOM 5 1 A 1 R1 0 R1 120 R1 R1 R1 80 BLANK 0 R1 R1 R15 R15 R1 R15 R2 R5 3B 1 60 00 00 CHROUT NOCT BLANK KDATA 27 1802 VER 1 6 SEE IF END OF LINE HIT NO JUST
47. ERIOD 80SC WITH DIES IN 11 DIES IN 11 DIES IN 11 IN 11 13 DIES IN 39 SPECTACULAR PERIOD 8 OSC IN 21 DIES IN 43 SPECTACULAR one end bits edge AFTER 16 MOVES issue 8 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Dear Tom I appreciate the hard work you and your club have put forth in publishing the 1802 newsletter It s been very helpful to me and my fellow users in Minnesota Attached is my renewal form for it for the coming year I am a member of and the key contact for the 1802 in both the Minnesota Computer Society and the Scheme Computer Club contacts with other people in Minnesota show that the popularity of the 1802 is fast and rising in this State I have the 1802 Netronics version with 12K of memory their giant board for interfacing parallel serial and cassette read and write plan on increasing the size of my system somewhat I also have a Heath H9 I have some new sources to contact for 1802 software Benchmark Computer Systems 7 Hanover Place Hicksville Long Island NY 11801 Send a self addressed self stamped envelope asking for the 1802 programs they have available and they will send you their current information and retain your name on their mailing list for 1802 programs They state they will write more if the public demands more for the 1802 Let s support them The Hilleslands Box 105 Parkers Prairie MN 56361 Send 3 00 for a 25 page listing of programs Mr Paul
48. GHI PHI GLO PLO SEP LDA STR GHI BNZ BNF DEC GLO 0000 AROUND p 008 AC IFFF N A O OUTLOC R2 R2 00 R2 R2 R9 A OCSTART RD RE RC RC RA RA 5 5 RD POINTS LOCATION WRLOOP 02 a RB RC RC RE oe RD RE RD RA RD R2 RA ERROR RDLOOP RB RB 32 RA gt RD FF START HERE WITH PC 0 MISS DATA START ADDRESS OF RAM TEST END ADDRESS OF RAM TEST INITIALIZE REGISTERS USING HI P C ALLOWS PAGE RELOCATABIL ITY SET ADDRESS FOR SCRATCH TURN OF DATA LEDS R9 0 15 PN DATA XOR MASK POINT TO MEMORY ADDRESS BOUNDARY DATA RE IS START ADDRESS RF IS END ADDRESS IS NOW P C FOR PN SUBROUT INE FF 15 SEED USE ANY BUT O RC IS 15 BIT SHIFT REGISTER GENERATE PN BYTE GET PN BYTE POINT TO NEXT 0 IS READ LOOP COUNTER RESET PN GENERATOR RESET RAM START ADDRESS GENERATE PN BYTE COMPARE WITH VALUE WRITTEN RAM WITHOUT DISTURBING DF TEST FOR END OF RAM READ THROUGH RAM TWICE 0044 0046 0047 0049 0048 004 004 004 0050 0051 0052 0055 0054 0056 0058 0059 005A 0058 005C 005 0060 0061 0062 0064 0065 0066 0067 0069 006A 0068 006C 006D 006 006 0070 0071 0072 0075 0074 0075 0076 0077 0078 0079 007A 0078 007C 007D 007E
49. IPSO FACTO Issue 8 October 1978 A publication of the Association of Experimenters TABLE OF CONTENTS ACE Executive amp Meeting Schedule 2 Editor s Remarks 3 Mouse Trap Game 4 Binary Quiz Program 8 VIP Software Update State Display Software for CMOS 16X32 VIDEO SYSTEM 10 The Three Keyboard Problem 14 Programmer s Zodiac 15 An RCA CDP 1802 System 19 Software for 1 Video RAM 26 Variation on a Theme 28 Tiny Basic Square Root Routine Version 2 30 Fast Memory Test 30 An 1802 DMA Controller 31 Program for Fast Memory Test 32 Schematic for 1802 DMA Controller 34 Memory Page Decoders 35 Logic Probe 36 Software for the IPSO FACTO Standard for KC Tapes 37 A D Notes Christmas Computer Music 45 Hardware Basics 48 Game of Life Update 52 ACE Tutorial 54 Diagrams for Game of Life Update 55 Letters to the Editor 61 Items for Sale 68 Letters of Contact 69 Minutes of ACE Meetings 70 Application Form 73 Editor Bernie Murphy Invaluable Assistants Wayne Bowdish Tom Crawford Ken Bieber Diane York 11 contributors to this issue Information furnished by IPSO FACTO is believed to be accurate and reliable However no responsibility assumed by IPSO FACTO or the Association of Computer Experimenters for its use nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use All Newsletter correspondence should be sent to Berni
50. IT TIME OOBE 9E 254 TXSHIFT GHI R14 GET BITS TILL NOW 76 255 SHRC GET HIGH BIT INTO DF 00 0 256 PHI R14 SAVE SHIFTED VALUE 00C1 C7 257 LSNF SKIP IF NO BIT 00 2 258 RIO INCR COUNT 00C3 CF 259 LSDF TEST IF BIT WAS THERE 00 4 7A 240 REQ NO SO SET SPACE 00 5 58 241 SKP SKIP THE SEQ 00 6 78 242 SEQ SET TO MARK 00C7 DF 245 SEP R15 DELAY ONE BIT TIME 00C8 2E 244 DEC R14 NUMBER OF BITS TO GO 00 9 245 GLO R14 INTO D i 3ABE 246 BNZ TXSHIFT IF NOT DONE YET 00CC 8A 247 GLO R10 GET PARITY BIT COUNT 00 0 76 248 SHRC CHECK IF ODD OF BITS CF 249 LSOF SKIP OF ODD OF BITS OOCF 7A 250 REQ EVEN SET PARITY 0 0000 58 251 SKP HOP OVER NEXT INSTR 0001 7B 252 SEQ ODD SET PARITY BIT 1 00D2 DF 253 SEP R15 DELAY FOR PARITY BIT 0005 78 254 SEQ SET STOP BIT MARK 00D4 DF 255 SEP R15 DELAY ONE BIT TIME 00D5 DF 256 SEP R15 ONE MORE 0006 30AF 257 BR TXRETURN RETURN TO CALLER 258 259 HEX KEYBOARD INPUT ROUTINE 260 0008 05 261 KEYRTN SEP R3 RETURN TO CALLER 0009 3FD9 262 KEYENTRY WAIT FOR ENTRY 42 LOCN OBJ CODE STMT SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 0008 5708 265 B4 DEBOUNCE A BIT 0000 6C 264 4 OODE 64 265 OUT4 DISPLAY DATA 000 22 266 DEC R2 FIX STACK UP 0080 5008 267 BR KEYRTN RETURN NOW 006 2 268 0 DIAGNOSTICS GENERATED 21 SYMBOLS SYMBOL TABLE CHECKREG 0009 STACK 0000 LOADSTRT 0000 HEADER 0006 LOADLOOP 001E RXRETURN 005
51. Mr York Enclosed is my application and 10 00 for membership in Also mentioned was 1 monitor modeled after Mikbug 2 a memory expansion board to expand from 256 bytes to 8K 3 and l board evaluations bare boards available to fit ELF II Net ronics connector Tecktron Equip Corp was mentioned to be supplier How much pins size etc for these prototype boards The Kansas City interfaces and calculation chip projects also sound very interesting as do the video displays Even though I can not at present meet you and your group personally I am looking forward to being a member of P S My 1802 system is an ELF II have the Cosmac VIP manual and am hoping to find a way to put this system at least the ROM on board for use on my system am very much a beginner in computing but will be reading a lot taking classes etc to improve my knowledge Your club is the only one I ve found so far that seems to be an effort to place the 1802 up with the other popular systems 6080 6502 etc James J Anderson 29849 24th Place South Federal Way WA 98003 Dear Tom Just a note to let you know of a situation that I heard about from attending a local 1802 club ELF of the Valley San Fernando Valley that is yesterday has sold to Radio Shack their Studio II game unit RS is selling it for 49 95 I just ordered In case you are not familiar with it it has the following 1
52. ONT D ADDR CODE 33 50 4C 86 4D A7 LE 30 52 50 96 51 A7 52 47 56 88 57 08 59 A8 SA 30 52 5C 25 5D 85 5E 32 65 60 19 61 89 62 A8 63 30 47 65 3F 65 67 2 68 6 69 8 6A F3 6B E3 6C 32 73 6E 64 FF 70 7A 71 30 35 73 61 CC 75 7B 76 30 35 78 FO 90 7E 60 20 8 F8 E7 8 AL 87 El 88 8 OO 8A 73 8B 84 00 88 91 91 93 30 35 90 20 BDF GLO PLO BR aw LDA BZ STR GLO ADI PLO Va ORN Q tg XD 0 UAM LIN 9 COMMENT Test Bit for a One Get Table for Zero eePut R7 Skip Next Step Get Table for One put in R7 Get Byte from Table Test for End of Table Store in Display Location Advance to Next Line Repeat Until End of Table Decrease Bit Counter Test For End of Byte Advance to Next Bit Position Repeat For All 8 Bits Wait for Input Switch to be Pressed Get Answer Get Display Byte Test Answer Branch if Correct Display And Turn Q light Off Generate New Random Number Display And Turn Q light On Table for Zero Table for One Top of Area to be Cleared Clear Stack Location amp Advance Location Test for End of Stack Delay for One Display Frame Repeat to End of Stack Wait for Input Switch to be Pressed Go To 35 Generate Random Number VIP SOFTWARE UPDATE Richard Blessing Apt 1 Pass 237 Baywood Dr Christian M
53. RETURN UP SCREEN RO POINTS TOP LINE R1 TO LINE BELOW THAT FOR RO FOR R1 MOVE ALL LINES UP 1 NOT DONE YET NOT DONE YET DONE RESET LINE POINTER BLANK THE BOTTOM LINE THIS IS WHERE TO COME WHEN DONE STORE THE CURRENT LINE POINTER AT POS RETURN LOW PART OF POSITION HIGH PART RESTORE CHARACTER RESTORE R2 AS X RETURN TO BASIC START OF BOTTOM LINE 3800 383C 386A 3880 PLACE FOR KEYBOARD DATA NOCR 3824 SCROLL 3844 RETURN 3876 VARIATIONS ON A THEME Dave Box 802 Conyngham PA 18219 USA This is a variation on The 1802 Music Machine by Cec Williams which appeared in Issue 5 of IPSO FACTO With this program you can play two diferent verses and repeat each of them any number of times before going on to the next verse It also automatically returns to the first verse and starts over again ad infinitum ad nauseum if you don t turn the program off I ve listed the entire program but have only commented the changes I ve made I ve also included the notes for few songs more as I transcribe them Memory Object Comments Memory Object Loc Code Loc n Code 00 01 lst Verse Counter 3C OL 2nd Verse Counter 3D 07 08 LO OB lst Verse Starting Address 42 43 10 2nd Verse Starting Address 45 15 46 14 48 16 49 17 New Speed Modifier loc n 4B 4D 1B 5 1C 50 lE 51 20 55
54. S 39571 I have enclosed an update to my original artical Issue 7 page 16 and the data set to go along with the SNOOPY picture has advised me that you should not apply 5 volts to the I have had no problems but I did change my set up the reset signal comes from the Q line This also isolates N2 See Figure 1 N2 line from the 1802 as I have in my design 7 IRA 0 0040 050 0068 0070 0080 0 090 O DAO 0 DBO DDO 0 DEO 0 10 0 20 0 40 0 50 0 E60 BETO 0 E90 B EAO 0000 0000 001C 600 0 00 1 7 FGEC EFFC EFF6 FFFB FFF9 7FFA 37FC 0076 0000 2000 0000 0000 1000 2000 1801 3004 0021 0000 0000 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 6000 0000 8000 C700 coco 8018 0018 000 001 GOOD 0000 0024 DATA 0600 0000 0000 0900 0000 0000 0000 0600 0600 00 0 0030 0030 2380 1800 3200 3000 0850 00 0 8070 0418 040 0506 CUT BOARD F SPDT SW FIG 1 SET 00040 OUO 0000 2000 00 1 001 0002 0001 0006 4101710 9010 0300 F0n00 0000 0000 0000 09008 0000 0000 0006 0200 0000 0000 FOR SNOOPY 0000 ooo 0007 0070 0300 070
55. T IN R15 1 0072 BE 149 PHI R14 PUT IN R14 1 0073 BF 150 PHI R15 PUT IN R15 1 0074 F8DO 151 LDI 0 5 SET UP R2 0076 A2 152 PLO R2 5 0077 800 153 LOI 1 5 STACK 0079 B2 154 PHI R2 POINTER 007A 8 0 155 LDI TXENTRY ADDR OF TXOUT 007C AD 156 PLO R13 SAVE IN R9 007D F8D9 157 LD SET UP R14 AS KEYIN P C 007F AE 158 PLO R14 SUBROUT INE 0080 F866 159 LDI DELAY SET UP R15 AS DELAY 0082 AF 160 PLO R15 SUBROUTINE P C 161 0085 78 162 SEQ INDICATE INPUT PAGE 0084 DE 165 SEP R14 CALL HEXKEY 0085 B7 164 PHI R7 SAVE MEMORY PAGE 165 0086 7A 166 REQ INDICATE OUTPUT PAGE 0087 DE 167 SEP R14 CALL HEXKEY IN 0088 B8 168 PHI R8 SAVE OUTPUT PAGE 169 0089 78 170 SEQ INDICATE LENGTH AND MARK 40 LOCN OBJ CODE STMT SOURCE STATEMENT 1802 VER 1 6 008A DE 171 SEP R14 CALL HEXKEY N 0088 B9 172 PH R9 NUMBER OF PAGES 173 008 F800 174 LDI O 0 0 008 7 175 PLO R7 R7 0 0 008F 9 176 PLO 9 R9 0 0 0090 F853 177 LDI 555 HEADER IS S 0092 DD 178 SEP R15 WRITE OUT HEADER 0093 87 179 GLO R7 0 0 0094 180 PLO RII CLEAR CHECKSUM REG 0095 98 181 GHI R8 GET OUTPUT PAGE 0096 DD 182 SEP R13 WRITE ADDR HIGH 0097 87 183 GLO R7 ADDR LOW 0 0098 DD 184 SEP R13 WRITE ADDR LOW 0099 99 185 GHI R9 LENGTH 009A DD 186 SEP R13 WRITE LENGTH HIGH 0098 89 187 GLO R9 LENGTH LOW 009C DD 188 SEP R13 WRITE LENGTH LOW 189 009D E7 190 WRITDATA SEX R7 X ADDR INPUT PAGE 009 07 191 LDN
56. TO is issue 6 June 1978 If there are any more recent I would appreciate a copy Again thank you for your support of the 1802 please keep up the good work I have shown your club newsletter to the two clubs here in the Twin Cities and they were very impressed with its size and information They find it hard to believe there are that many 1802 users Most people feel that the 8080ts 280 5 6800 s and 6502 5 are the only microprocessors that exist but lately quite a number of people are taking close second look at the 1802 again James 1415 Jessamine 301 St Paul MN 55 Dear I just saw the piece I sent in the Video Ram must compliment you or whoever did it on the redrawing of the circuit diagrams They look great apologize for the mess they were in when I sent them note that I left out the example of the driver routine for my Basic It is enclosed I have had Tiny Basic running for about a year on it now Does anybody else use it Is there a better Basic for the 1802 I have come across something that might interest some members fellow at DEC has produced a cross assembler for most of the popular microprocessors One assembler handles the 1802 8080 280 6800 and a few others It is written in DECsystem 10 assembly language so it will only run on a DEC 10 or 20 He has offered it free to any micro hackers that want it have a copy Drop me a note if intereste
57. VE IT SAVE 5 SAVE 4 IS CURSOR ON SCREEN YES NO HOME CURSOR REMOVE CURSOR BRANCH IF CHARACTER MACHINE OP LE 04 CR OD HOME CURSOR Ol BACK SPACE O8 CURSOR RIGHT HT 09 CURSOR UP VT OB O O GO N J O N F N N NO NAUN N w Ww WW IPUN OONO PAAA Ui pb Dp LL bb O Co 802 1 8348 834 834 834 8350 8352 8354 8356 8357 8358 8359 835 B35C 835E 835F 8361 8362 8364 8365 8367 836A 836D 836F 8370 8372 8373 8375 8376 8378 8379 837A 837C 837E 837F 8380 8381 8383 8384 8386 8387 8389 838 8390 8391 8394 8397 8398 FB 32 FB 32 FB 32 30 9F 5C 30 5C 30 FA AC 30 F8 F8 30 3B 9C FC BC 9C FB 3A 9C BE 33 9C FF BC FB 32 F8 BE F8 F8 8C FC 79 80 EO 5B 00 5 20 79 01 90 5 20 91 01 9 00 20 KBSCRN RCA CHAR ADDCURt 3 SCROLL SCRI 10 78 08 35 45 2 2 BR GHI STR INC LDN ADI STR BR GLO ANI PLO BR
58. ac development system with going to 8K and Heathkit terminal with cassette interface and some other goodies I have the Quart system also hope to be sending you some new programs for your newsletter soon Regards Bob Ison 1289 Balboa Ct 240 Sunnyvale CA 94086 USA TEL 415 965 3759 Dear Bernie For anyone in Northeast Pennsylvania we are the process of setting up local computer club We re not strictly 1802 club although several members have Elf IIs and VIP If anyone interested please contact me Best Wishes David A Hersker Box 802 Conyngham PA 18219 69 LETTERS OF CONTACT CONT D I need an ASCII Keyboard that meets the following criteria I would prefer reed switches It must be able to decode the full 128 ASCII symbols and have all 128 symbols on the keycaps I want a quality keyboard and will take it new used or kit If anyone knows where I can get such a keyboard I would certainly appreciate hearing from them Robert Taubert 10 Michael Dr Durham 27701 would be delighted to hear from any other 1802 users William P Freymuth 9119 E 66th St Tulsa Oklahoma 74133 THE ASSOCIATION OF COMPUTER EXPERIMENTERS MINUTES OF CLUB MEETING 78 7 HELD AT STELCO WILCOX ST AUDITORIUM 12 SEPTEMBER 1978 8 00 P M 78 7 1 George York secretary treasurer reported 213 paid members and a bank balance of 2 411 91 club books have not been audited yet
59. arted This info about Conn users group my be printed if you ve got the room and thanks Steve Place 72 Burgundy Hill Lane Middletown CT 061 57 home 203 632 0028 work 203 666 1541 ext 261 Who are some of the users in southern New England Are there any users groups of which we are not aware I ve read in the newsletter with great interest about your tutorial training sessions Is there any way this information might be shared 1111 personally pay for photocopies and postage for outlines text references etc have several very interested but complete novices male and female young and not so young Please pass my name to Norm Cunningham I m involved profession ally with a binational amateur radio training program Canada amp US with over 5000 volunteer instructors Maybe I could lend a hand in some way Enough for this letter I m writing from the Philadelphia Sheraton hope to see to have seen some of the Ontario crew at our booth my talks at 78 Best Wishes for continued success I only wish I were more local Sincerely Steve Place WBlEYI would like to hear from members who have information about disk interface or Forth for the 1802 Thank you John D Owens Sunnyside Campus 715 Ocean Terrace Staten Island New York 10301 Dear Bernie You might like to add in your newsletter that if any other member lives in this area we would welcome hearing from them as I have access to a 1802 Cosm
60. at matter any piece of hardware requiring a varying voltage and not too much current The same program as the music program can be used for driving this Figure 4 is a schematic for a very inexpensive dual 8 bit analog to digital converter plus a digital on off switch I I intentionally left off some of the values as they will be a function of the particular application In my case the clock input to the converter is set at approximately 500 HZ This provides one update per second Interfacing National s LX5600 hed abel nd transducer chip linear voltage to temperature put to the two A to D s for indoor and outdoor temperature and a Pn cell to the digital switch going to the flag line works nicely Although all of the hardware and software is not completed as yet my system configuration is as follows First in the foreground I will be running basic with serial input through uart from the keyboard and parallel output to the TVT with com puter cursor control With this configuration relatively high Speed is still possible on the In the background the 1861 video chip will still be functioning under interrupt for a second video output The interrupt routine will not only handie the video refresh logic but will also maintain a real time clock pick up indoor outdoor temperature play music and handle other control functions such as checking the flag line 20 AN CPD1802 SYSTEM CONT D with the photo cell
61. d I am currently interfacing a 2708 PROM programmer that was in the March 178 BYTE to my 1802 system will send in a blurb on how it works when I get finished a few weeks yet Please dol B M Best Regards Alan Parker 1850 Eagle Ct Severn Md 21144 USA Dear Mr Murphy Well I have received issue 6 and have read it twice What can I say it s great I like the 1 Video Ram circuit submitted by Alan Parker Page 29 In his article he mentioned a scroll routine which was not included in the newsletter Would it be possible to get a copy of it Also I would like to correspond with Mr Parker if you could send me his address Hopefully a couple of months I ll have an article or two for you At the moment I am trying to convert my Cosmac Elf II to the S 100 Bus I am planning a complete conversion and have most of the signals worked out on paper All that remains is to complete the final drawings and then start wire wrapping Hopefully 11 be powering it up in a couple of months I have a Logos II 8K 250ns memory board and two Raymond digital cass tte drives to interface as soon as I have the board running The cassette drives came from California Digital see enclosed ad They are computer controlled run at 30 5 and read write at 500 000 Bits per second All this and they don t cost any more than a quality cassette tape recorder Robert Taubert 10 Michael Dr Durham N C 27704 62 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
62. d above are ignored program can reside in any page of memory I am using 8300 My display memory is located at 8EOO0 98FFF If the cursor increments beyond the end of screen while entering data it automatically scrolls up The first or top line of data is scrolled off the screen and lost ASCII keyboard input entry is at KBIN and data is passed in RF l which is saved on stack and restored at exit of video subroutine Dispaly entry is at VIDEO and data is passed in RF 1 Register RC is used as cursor pointer and all other registers used are saved on entry and restored on exit The cursor up will roll under if cursor leaves top of screen and the back space will enter bottom right of screen if decremented past the home position I have made one modification to my video display am using an old tube type 11 TV which am feeding at the antenna terminals through a video cube The T V has a narrow bandwidth causing the vertical portions of all characters to be lighter than the horizontal portions To overcome this problem I have installed the enclosed circuit Bandwidth Compensator used in the TVT6 between Ul pin 8 and Dl The 741532 occupies the unused 05 This improves the clarity of the characters tremend ously CMOS 16X32 VIDEO DISPLAY BANDWIDTH COMPENSATOR gt 741504 2 1418532 b 5 0 4030 DI 1 4148 10 Q N
63. d be source of errors but since the program ran fine otherwise I thought it to be a program error That sure is a fascinating program to watch have tlost many hours doing just that being entranced watching the generations some continued for 15 minutes I wrote a keyboard routine that presently allows entry to any address on the display page and in byte form entry of 8 bit pattern that can be 64 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR CONT D entered horizontally or vertically want to include the diagonals also The keyboard routine in my version includes what originally followed the erase routine that returned back to the VIP opsus n So the Life program is self contained in both mine and the ELF II version I am considering adding dynamic rams to at least one of my Systems Probably will be 4116 s Have source at about 15 each that would be 120 16K or 30 1K which could be considered cheap and they are quite the state of the art hobbyist wise I know they will come down even further but there is some point where it isn t worth the wait My plans are to get the 16 and get it working with the 1802 The refresh timing I have yet to look into fully but that is about one of the earliest priorities at present There are several ways to do the refresh One article I recently read indicated that a good way to do refresh is by exception the refresh would always occur except when the uP needed access Therefore the pause or DM
64. e After playing around with quite a few circuits I finalized on this relatively simple circuit modified from one lifted from Popular Electronics March 1974 I made several mods mainly to increase the input impedance to not load down CMOS circuits excessively The circuit actually works best on TTL since the leds turn on at 2 6V and below 0 8 A floating input does not turn on either led and any change of state causes the pulse led to come on for a moment pulse train causes the pulse led to remain lit and will record single pulses down to a 50 ns one The memory switch allows the pulse led to come on and stay on at any change in state of the input This is handy when tracing a single narrow pulse that is not repetitive and can also be used to detect power interruptions For CMOS applications this probe will detect the problem almost all the time if the power supply is at 5 Volts for the circuits and the probe The only time you might fail to get a proper indication on the probe is when the signals do not reach the full high or low potentials due to loading This hasn t happened to me yet Construction of my model was on some perf board and slipped into a short length of 1 copper tubing in which I had drilled 3 holes for the red green and amber leds installed a test probe into a plastic crutch tip and slipped it on one end and the switch and short length of coax power cable on a crutch tip slipped onto the other end Any type of
65. e Murphy 102 McCrany Street Oakville Ontario CANADA L6H 1 6 ACE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE In accordance with the Constitution the 1978 79 Executive Committee approved at the Annual General Meeting is President Past President Secretary Treasurer Newsletter Editor Program Co ordinator Training Co ordinator Hardware Co ordinator Membership Co ordinator Newsletter Publishing Committee KEN BEVIS TOM GEORGE YORK BERNIE MURPHY BERT DEKAT ROD DORE FRED FEAVER WAYNE BOWDISH Temporary DENNIS MILDON JOHN HANSON 220 Cherry Post Drive Missisauga Ontario L5A 1H9 277 2495 50 Brentwood Drive Stoney Creek Ontario L8G 2W8 662 5261 60 Chester Road Stoney Creek Ontario L8E 1Y2 6614 5264 102 McCrany Street Oakville Ontario 16 1 6 845 1630 P O Box 137 Lynden Ontario LOR 170 647 3931 660 Oxford Road Unit 32 Burlington Ontario L7N 3 1 681 2456 105 Townsend Avenue Burlington Ontario L7T 1Y8 637 2513 149 East 33rd Street Hamilton Ontario L8V 3T5 388 7116 44 Wildewood Avenue Hamilton Ontario L8T 1X3 385 0798 955 Harvey Place Burlington Ontario L7T 3E9 637 1076 There are still some positions to be filled eg software and membership co ordinators to help with any other activity should contact Ken Bevis CLUB MEETINGS Any volunteers for these positions or Unless notice to the contrary the following is the meeting schedu
66. ferent newsletters and either they never really got started or they folded up prematurely hope the Association of Computer Experimenters keeps going strong Sincerely Warren Jochem 6F Booker Creek Apts Chapel Hill N C 27514 USA Dear Mr Crawford j Being an 1802 user IPSO FACTO is a welcome addition to my library I have modified portions of the COSMAC VIP operating system and the 8 interpreter for use type system using the 1861 video chip and of memory The 5 RCA VIP manual in my opinion is a software jewel The video game package alone lets the whole family enjoy your pystem 65 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR CONT D Even neigbours and friends actually become interested in your hobby when they operate your system with 19 games to choose from If there is sufficient interest I will prepare an article for IPSO FACTO describing how to modify the software No hardware changes are really required Keep up the good work Sincerely Lynn Clock 215 Pegasus Ave Lompoc 93436 Dear Tom I ve gotten the 1802 Software Blues am sick of seeing all this Software for the 8080 2 80 I mean let s face it there just isn t as much or even half as much software for the 1802 was thinking since your the editor of a newsletter and Ken Bevis is President of a User s Club maybe if you write letters to independent companies and make them realize that we 1802 users are here they may
67. it and let me know Incidentally there isn t much to moving the VIP operating system Write it in RAM somewhere and write protect it If you have 3K you could write it at page O8 and 09 instead of 80 and 81 and you ll have enough room to play all 20 games in the book page of your relocated op system the SECOND page number of the relocated VIP op system 8001 should be changed to the page number of the FIRST 8056 chould be changed to Then in CHIP 8 at 000A 0108 and 012A replace the 81 with the page number of the SECOND page of the relocated operating system That ought to VIP your ELF if the keyboard deal works PROGRAMMER S ZODIAC DIRECTIONS Go James Stephens 2324 Dennywood Dr Nashville Tenn 37214 After entering all 256 instructions push RST then Then enter your birth month 01 12 into the keyboard push IN enter your birth day 01 31 into the keyboard push IN enter the hour of birth 01 24 for 24 hour day push IN Cosmac will tell you your true character See Character Reference Sheet Register Assignement R5 month compare sub point RA delay timer R1 X R6 month compare utility means that these locations or jump addresses are program placement sensitive and would be changed if program is moved in memory ADDRESS INSTRUCTION 00 F8 OO Bl B5 B4 06 F8 El A 09 F8 FD Al 1 00 F8 D6 A5 10 3F 10 12 6C 13 6 37 14 16 16 18 6
68. le for the remainder of the year also all meetings will be held in the Stelco Wilcox St Auditorium ov Nov 2 Dec 12 TUTORIAL 00 8 00 ETING TUTORIAL 7 00 BACK ISSUE REPRINT POLICY The cost of reprints of back issues will be 1 complete set of issues 1 to 6 812 00 Per copy price of single issue 2 50 EDITOR S REMARKS OCTOBER 1978 The last year has been quite an exciting year for many 1802 users Many of us have progressed from 256 byte one card systems to full blown systems running BASIC ASSEMBLER and sophisticated machine language programs Some 1802 owners are contempleting interfacing disc drives and there is even talk of implementing software such as PASCAL and FORTH for the 1802 If you are thinking of working on PASCAL or FORTH for the 1802 please write up your ideas in the form of an article Let us not have any of us re inventing the wheel HARDWARE PROJECTS With the advent of the 64K bit single voltage source dynamic RAM the price of 8K and 16K dynamic memory chips should fall drastically in the next year so you remember when the 2102 RAM was a 5 00 part Has anyone interfaced any dynamic memory to the 1802 With the price of an 8K chip in the 5 00 range the hassle of using dynamic memory becomes worthwhile 8K for amp 0 001 What about S 100 memory cards If you have got some of these gems going please tell 111 NEW 180
69. lotmen s up as one of ou Ls ELF It lunch P 2 our readers suggested take MOUSE TRAP GAME Jim LaVeck Route 1 Box 1 Dexter New York 13634 Dear Tom Enclosed is my Poor Man s Mousetrap game for those of us without a video display When run the program displays O F sequentially When 8 is displayed you must push the input switch After 10 attempts at catching the mouse your score is displayed and the Q light is turned on 4 POOR MAN S MOUSE TRAP 00 F8 00 Bl A5 Zero Turns OL F8 32 Al Load Address of Score 07 Load of Turns OA El 64 21 Display Count OD FO FC 01 51 Increment Count 11 F8 OF F2 51 AND Count with OF 15 F8 15 B2 Load Delay of Count 18 22 Decrement Delay 19 37 20 Wait for Input 71 18 92 Get R 2 1 16 18 GOTO Decrement if delay Not Zero 1E 30 OA If Delay Zero Display Count 20 37 20 Debounce Input 22 F8 09 F5 D 9 25 2h Decrement Turns 26 3A 29 GOTO Decrement of Turns if a miss 28 15 Increment Score 29 84 Get Turns 2A 3A OA Display If Turns Zero 20 85 5 0 0 5 64 Display Score 2F 7B Set Q 30 00 Stop BINARY QUIZ PROGRAM Mike Cohen 2255 Barker Ave um N Y 10467 Dear Tom Enclosed is a Binary Quiz program that will run on any ELF with PIXIE graphics and a HEX keyboard connected to INP 4 When the program is started the display area is cleared and pressing the input switch EFA will generate and display a random yumber
70. me at 30 Partrigde Road Lexington Massachusetts 02173 a 32x64 display big patterns hit the edges which distorts the growth is important to position the starting forms to post pone this as long as possible most patterns do not grow sym metrically Thus patterns will sometimes seem to have different histories and lifetimes depending on where they are started recently modified both hardware and software to provide 64 x 128 cells on the display this helps Diagrams 55 60 ACE TUTORIAL To date there have been three tutorials at the Wilcox St location These tutorials are aimed to provide the beginner with basic knowledge of 1802 programming and to investigate use of the device by designing and building small systems or control lers for a variety of functions Currently the group is design ing circuits software for a motor speed control based on a temperature sensor wishing to attend please feel free to so Wilcox 56 Nov 14 7 00 8 00 Nov 28 7 30 Dec 12 7 00 Rod Dore 660 Oxford Unit 32 Burlington Ont L7N 3 1 24 8 GP di 8 E LONG LIVED HEPTOMINOES MORE THAN 200 MOVES START ABOVE CENTER 1004 MOVES HITS TOP ON 32X64 START BELOW CENTER 2004 MOVES GLIDER ON MOVE 41 START UP AND TO RIGHT OF CENTER STOPS AFTER 128 MOVES GLIDERS ON 21 amp 75 START UP AND LEFT OF CENTER 3004 MOVES START 5 OR 10 LEFT OF
71. nd Y CHRISTMAS COMPUTER MUSIC Chris Airhart 364 Church St Stratford Ontario N5A 251 The following tunes were run on a TEC 1802 Please note sorry for the pun the comments beside the song title these are speed modifiers and the appropriate program modifications can be found in Issue 5 IPSO FACTO p 37 The modifications were for a 1 MHZ clock so if you have a much higher clock some songs will not sound correct JINGLE BELLS AB AB CB AB AB CB AB AD 39 9A EB 20 AC AC BC 9C AC AB AB 9B 9B AA AA CD AB AB CB AB AB CB AB AD 39 9A EB 20 AC AC BC 9C AC AB AB 9B 9B AD AD AC AA 69 GOOD KING WENCESLAS 29 29 29 29 29 4D 2E 2D 2E 27 49 19 29 29 29 AA 29 29 4D 2E 2D 2E 27 49 49 AD AC 19 2E 20 2 27 49 19 2D 20 2E 27 29 29 CA AD AC AB AA 49 CC 69 20 WHAT CHILD IS THIS 3 2 Duration 2E 49 AA BB 95 AB CA 27 3D 1E 27 49 2E 3E 16 2E 47 26 LB 2E 49 95 CA 27 3D 1E 27 39 17 2E 36 15 26 6E 6E ED BD 95 27 3D 1E 27 49 2E 16 2E 47 26 6B ED BD 95 AB CA 27 3D 1E 27 39 17 2E 36 15 26 6E 6 20 WE THREE KINGS 3 2 Duration CB AA 59 2E 27 29 27 6E CB AA 49 2E 27 29 27 6E 19 29 CB AB AD AC AB AA AB AA 49 27 6E 67 49 29 49 2D 49 2E 49 20 49 29 49 2D 49 2E 69 49 29 CA AB AB CA AB 49 29 49 2D 49 2E 69 20 45 JOY TO THE WORLD CD B5 9B EA 29 5 AB AA 19 27 27 17 19 EA CD AB 19 27 THE FIRST NOEL lE 3D 17 AB AA AB A5 95 AD A5 AB 47 17 1B 3D A5
72. oft hearted secretive generous saves money to buy a HAL 2000 system without telling his wife 17 CHARATER REFERENCE SHEET CONT D CODE EO 10 20 30 60 40 50 70 CHARACTER TRAITS ETC egotistical extroverted astute stoic loyal writes nasty letters to DDJ for not printing his articles worry prone methodical meticulous restless careful writes beautiful expert and original programs then tears them up peaceful good natured intelligent naive indulgent buys an Imsai with 65K and disk and write game programs self controlled tactless unforgiving possessive religious wants to computerize the church and give each member a printout of their weekly rating free of malice blunt not graceful restless cheerful wants to write programs but keeps getting tangled up in the cables and keyboard quiet determined ambitious serious adaptable gloomy studies computer programming and schematics to one day build the ultimate junk box system for less than 4 realist vague friendly futuristic conceited diplo matic not precise unpredictable thinks computers will one day rule the world or maybe the universe or maybe freedom loving careless deceptive romantic charming non competitive helpful dates four or five programmers who let him use the company s system at night 18 AN RCA CPD1802 SYSTEM Bill Freymuth 9119 E 66 St Tulsa Oklahoma 74133 918 252 5
73. on it All of this will be displayed by the interrupt routine using the 1861 I might point out that all of this cannot be accomplished during one interrupt therefore the routine is written such that each interrupt accomplishes a portion of the logic yet completes all of the required logic in less than one second there are approximately 60 interrupts per second of which less than ten are required Figure 5 is a simplified flow chart of this interrupt routine In addition to the above I plan on adding a second uart connected to a modem Electronic Systems Modem part no 109 for a tele communications interface This will be connected to an expansion module with six input and six output ports Finally I hope to have and S 100 interface to a 16K RAM board using 2114 s and EPROM board with 2708 s or 2716 s along with EPROM burner TAPE CONVERSION PROGRAM ELF TO VIP VIP TO ELF 0000 7A F XX BE F8 XX AE 0008 BF F8 AF 8 00 0010 F8 16 30 21 DO 0018 FE 9A F6 33 15 1A 30 0020 15 F8 00 BB F8 4B AB EB 0028 73 9F 73 60 F8 OO AA 0030 OE D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 0038 D3 5E 9E F5 45 0040 60 F5 32 48 2B 30 2D 0048 7B 00 XX XX Starting Address for Data 0002 High Byte 0005 Low Byte Ending Address for Data 0008 High Byte OOOB Low Byte The program uses locations and 0048 for temporary storage FIGURE 1 21 58 R
74. port 4 6C which I use to direct my monitor Now I had only two keyboards had whispered all kinds of things to my 1802 trying to get the VIP system to work with key board inputs into 4 input port could get the operating system to understand me but CHIP 8 remained deaf That is why I had built the 4515 keyboard in the first place Until the light in the upstairs parlor comes on or until someone figures it out for I ll have to stick to my hard ware solution Which is BUS 2 2 CONVERTER 3 3 OUT DEGODED STROBE The four least significant bits are latched by a 62 instruc tion That output feeds the 7485 and is compared with the keyboard input to the 7485 A match outputs a HI to the 7400 Another HI from an inverted keyboard strobe takes EF3 LO This is the same thing the 4515 keyboard does takes EF3 LO when the data on the data buss during a 62 output matches the output selected by the keyboard It would have been better to do it with software So somebody show 14 THE THREE KEYBOARD PROBLEM CONT D At any rate I went from 3 keyboards to one After I had torn up my ELF II keyboard I wondered if the comparator circuit couldn t be used with it 740922 puts out a keyboard strobe Pin 12 of the Could be worked into this circuit I don t know whether the polarity would be right Maybe somebody will try
75. rk with and will go from there to a TV interface Working here I have picked up a knowledge of magnetic record ing and would like to share this with ACE members The ry would be limited to words only and would try to impart a feeling for what s going in the head media and circuitry would only explain saturation recording as that is what I am most familiar with I ve never done this before and I don t know how long the article s would be What I propose is to put it all in one package and let you guys split it up and edit as you see fit I ll enclose an overview and let you decide if you want the whole thing I plan on building my TV interface using the Motorola MC 847 Video display generator All you have to add is 3 58 MHZ XTAL lK RAM and it will output 5x7 dot characters ready to put into a pixie verter It s also capable of 256x192 graphics by increas ing the RAM to 6K I don t have a solid design yet but there s great potential with this module As I said I m veryslow Don t expect anything soon on my TV interface Bob Herald 1514 9th Ave Se Rochester Minn 55901 Dear Tom I recently became aware of your publication IPSO FACTO based on the RCA Micro from a friend of mine who got me started with micros about a year ago Since that time I have managed to build up a small system around the Netronics kit I started with ASCII Keyboard 3K RAM printer etc My only disappointments thus far have been the kit and
76. s impressed in the way LIFE was retyped and assembled so much so that 1111 overlook all my neighbors becoming neighbours found only one trivial typo in the PI pattern the second address should be 067B not 0678 as printed I have built 64 X 128 display buffer am afraid it will be a while before I get it documented in publishable form However it works and looks nice with LIFE and the VIP cursor drawing game I rewrote the VIP CHIP 8 interpreter for the expanded resolution display call the new interpreter CHIP 10 since it controls 10 bits worth of display memory rather than 8 It works fairly well but still has a few bugs I would like to hear from anyone who gets the LIFE program running I ve enclosed some new forms discovered and also a CHIP 8 program written by Udo C Pernisz of Newark Delaware which allows drawing figures using 8 way cursor control on a VIP PERNISZ 8 WAY DRAWING CURSOR WITH LINK TO HUTCHINSON S OF LIFE CHIP 8 Use keys 1 3 7 9 for diagonal 5 turns cursor ON turns cursor OFF 0200 A258 I 0258 02 F865 VO V8 MI OL 0244 DO MLS 024A 06 00 0 ERASE 0208 F615 SET TIMER V6 OA FA07 VA TIME OC 3A00 SKIP IF OO OE 120A GO 0204 0210 A26B I 0268 SPOT BYTE 12 0121 WRITE e V1 V2 l4 3FOO SKIP IF NOT ALREADY 1 16 D121 WRITE AGAIN SINCE 0212 ERASED 0218 E8AL SKIP IF KEY X V8 OE 0306 GO TO LIFE 0306 lC SKIP IF KEY V4
77. s operated the light is LIT 1 ALTERNATE ANALOGY NOR If A or B is closed or both the light goes out t Es 4 B This is a parallel switching circuit EXCLUSIVE OR GATE Either gate but not both will give an output If contact is operated the light goes on If contact B is operated the light goes on But if both A and B are operated then the light is out This be used generate parity bit 50 HARDWARE BASICS CONT D EXCLUSIVE NOR GATE COMPARATOR If both A and B operated together have the same value then Y 1 see contact sketch If an inverter is added to the exclusive OR gate we get an exclusive NOR gate used for comparing bits for equal magnitude To get 1 output all inputs must be the same either all Low or all High If A and B 0 then Y 21 A B 1 then Y 1 AQ If 1 and B B Y AB Y gt AND OR GATE Y 6 If and are closed Y 1 or if C and D are closed 21 AND NOR GATE Y If and B are closed 0 or if C and D are closed Y 0 51 GAME OF LIFE UPDATE Ben H Hutchinson Jr 30 Partridge Hd Lexington MA 02173 It s good to see LIFE in print already have two letters from people who got it running one mentioned Tekatch using it in demo at the Micro Age 78 in Toronto June 1 2 I wa
78. t the best offer above 100 00 David Brady Box 353 Angus Ontario LOM 1B0 2 have board sale is loaded with gold pin which can be removed or left alone and used to build circuits with 14 pin ICs The board as is will hold 216 14 pin ICs Also any one with the right equipment and 1055 of ambition could modify the board to accommodate 16 pin ICs Reply by mail to James Tadlock 1519 Rockbrook Lancaster Tx 75146 USA The board is 31 5 x 40 5 cm Make an offer 3 For sale one System 2 by the Digital Group Inc Less than 200 hours 2675 00 Mainframe 2 80 CPU Board with 2K RAM and 256 Bytes Z80 CPU 1 0 Board with four parallel input and output ports present configuration is using 3 ports for audio cassette interface keyboard input video driver and phideck interface 10 F Two 8K memory boards interface board with two decks Video driver board for 32 x 16 characters and audio cassette interface TVC F Power supply 45V 0 18 amp 12V 1 amp and 12V 1 amp PWR 18 Cabinet with fan power switch reset switch etc Cassette Storage System 2 Computer controlled phidecks with cabinet Data Rate 6400 Baud Media standard audio cassettes C 30s Keyboard 128 Character ASCII Numeric Pad Lighted Upper Case Key Capacitance Technology 2 Key Rollover Cursor Controls Software Phideck Operating System PHIMON Assembler
79. t to learn more about the basic hardware and even software and do some computer fun games etc I have looked in detail at the TINY PASCAL as proposed by BYTE but at present its more the end of the road first needs will be an editor and an assembler running on my system Luckily I know a technician who might help me now and then with a hard ware problem but I have to do most of it myself Gentlemen I think you will be interested in a company we have recently formed whose main purpose is to market software and hardware for Cosmac 1802 Computers Our first offering is a page relocatable extended monitor Enclosed please find information literature and my check in the amount of 810 00 to renew my subscription to your excellent newsletter Sincerely yours Frank Chiechi 37 Covington Street Huntington Station New York 11746 P S Inquiries should be directed to Benchmark Computer Systems 17 Hanover Place Hicksville L I N Y 11801 ED NOTE This Super Monitor is described as having extensive unctions including KC read write UART and tone generation in software There are also subroutines such as Print Block CR LF MR N ASCII to from HEX Examine alter memory get address ASCII from keyb d Standard Call and Return KC and much more needs plus stack and costs paper tape or 20 KC tape including user s manual and ex st 63 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR CONT D Dear
80. the lack of user information on the 1802 other than the original articles in P E I would therefore like to subscribe to your publication but could not find any mention of cost in the few copies of IPSO FACTO I have read Sincerely Doug Kyle 6476 Griffiths Ave Burnaby B C Canada V5E 2W9 Dear Ken interested in the 1802 microprocessor and have an expanded cosmac Elf from Quest that is output buffered to a 5 100 motherboard have 5K of an 8 ram implemented with no rom as yet any of your old newsletters discuss how to program any Eproms I would be especially interested Unfortunately Ames Ia is a bit too far away to make any of 67 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR CONT D your meetings but I appreciate the opportunity to correspond with others who have interest in the Cosmac chip Thank you Dennis DiMarco 108 O amp L Ames Lab Ames Ia 50011 P S Does anyone there know what happened to Charles Manrey s Cosmac Elf Newsletter I got 2 newsletters and then nothing I believe a subscription to IPSO FACTO is 10 so 10 is included ITEMS FOR SALE 1 have computer for sale Quest Electronics ELF Computer with 256 words of memory 180208 slow chip toggle switches For input memory protect input load PROM select For output it uses T I 311 Hex displays the power supply is on the back of board with the regulator etc On board It has an 8 bit x 32 PROM routine as a monitor I wan
81. to show me copies of IPSO FACTO and he stated that your group was the most onganized and advanced bit of information about myself am employed as an elec tronic technician and have a home brew version of the Cosmac Elf with 256 bytes of CMOS RAM and a self designed ocillator circuit utilizing the National MM5369 60 Hz timebase generator By using this chip I have the divide by two circuit enabling me to use the Video Interface chip and a free 60 Hz reference for interrupt and Real Time Clock applications For Software I am using that which was published with the 66 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR CONT D ELF of articles and am blundering along writing a CW tutor program which will operate in 256 bytes of memory Thank you for your service and I hope that with the support of myself and others that you will be able to continue to be a clearing house for COSMAC information I be of any assis tance feel free to call on me Fisher 0 Box 5937 Huntington Beach CA 92646 USA Dear Bernie I work for IBM in the Floppy Disk Drive area I was a member of ACE and inadvertantly let my membership lapse am presently being reinstated would like to contribute but don t have much of a system yet am very slow hard to find time am design ing my ASCII keyboard interface and KC standard cassette interface When I get these built and attached I feel I ll have little something to wo

Ipso Facto Issue 8

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