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1. RAPID D 4 13 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 16 Using Files from Other Assemblers To prepare a source file used with another assembler for CASM follow these steps 1 Make sure all comments start with a semicolon 2 Use the global find and replace command to change any assembler directives listing directives and pseudo operations as necessary Remember that directives must start with the character or and must start in column 1 3 If necessary use the BASE directive to change the default base for operands CASM defaults to hexadecimal RAPID D 4 14 MOTOROLA APPENDIX A APPENDIX A S RECORD INFORMATION The S record format for output modules was devised for the purpose of encoding programs or data files in a printable format for transportation between computer systems The transportation process can thus be visually monitored and the S records can be more easily edited S RECORD CONTENT When viewed by the user S records are essentially character strings made of several fields which identify the record type record lengih memory address code data and checksum Each byte of binary data is encoded as a 2 character hexadecimal number the first character representing the high order 4 bits and the second the low order 4 bits of the byte The five fields which comprise an S record are shown below ECS RECORD LENGTH ADDRESS CODE DATA CHECKSUM Where the fields are composed as follow
2. ASCII in this example representation of the binary bits which are actually transmitted For example the first S1 record above is sent as oe LENGTH ADDRESS CODE DATA CHECKSUM 1 3 0 0 0 0 0101 0011 0011 0001 0011 00011 0011 0011 0011 0000 0011 0000 0011 0000 oon 0004 0011 0010 0011 1000 oox 010 010 ond 0011 0010 co oo RAPID D A 18 MOTOROLA
3. RAPID accessed by entering lt Ctrl F3 gt Directory for reload list Support path multiple reload lists in multiple directories Support path store the reload list to the support path when you exit from RAPID Current dir store the reload list to the current directory when you exit from RAPID This lets you maintain RAPID D 2 2 MOTOROLA CONFIGURING RAPID 2 2 2 File Options Table 2 2 explains configuring RAPID file options such as creating BAK files when saving expanding tabs to spaces when reading compressing spaces to tabs when writing filename extension default and defining the number of keystrokes before RAPID automatically saves the open file Table 2 2 File Options FILE OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Create BAK files when Y Y RAPID renames existing files with a BAK extension saving before overwriting them N file extension is unchanged and original file is overwritten Expand tabs to spaces Y Y tab characters are converted to spaces when when reading reading in a new file N tab characters are unchanged when reading in a new file Compress spaces to tabs N Y spaces are converted to tab characters when when writing writing a file to disk N spaces are unchanged when writing a file to disk Default extension for ASM Applies ASM as the filename extension when none is filenames specified If you don t want a filename extension applied leave
4. after applying the default extension for executables to the filename plus any command line options you have specified with the Set default parameters command If the Confirmation of parameters option is On the default is OFF you will be given an opportunity to edit the command line to be passed to the debugger before it is executed Set path to Alt CD Lets you specify the complete pathname of the debugger debugger Set debugger Alt CG Lets you specify the command line options to be passed to options the debugger when you issue the Debug primary file command 3 4 21 Programmer Terminal Emulation Commands Table 3 24 explains the commands for setting up a programmer or terminal emulation Table 3 24 Programmer Terminal Emulation Commands terminal emulator options COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION GoTo programmer F7 This command invokes the terminal emulator programmer or go to terminal passing it any command line options specified with the Set emulator browse Terminal options command followed by the name of the file current file in the current window If the Confirmation of parameters option is On the default is OFF you will be given an opportunity to edit the command line to be passed to RapTerm before it is executed Set path to Alt F7 Lets you specify the complete pathname to RapTerm programmer terminal emulator Set programmer Ctrl F7 Lets you specify the command line options to be passed to
5. this field empty Keystrokes to Auto Save 0 0 zero autosave is disabled gt zero the number of keystrokes that occurs before RAPID autosaves the current file RAPID D 2 3 MOTOROLA 2 2 3 Print Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 3 explains configuring RAPID print options such as which printer to use any printer initialization string and any printer reset string Table 2 3 Print Options PRINT OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Printer to use LPT1 Printer to use when printing files Options are LPT1 LPT2 LPT3 COM1 or COM2 Printer initialization string character string should clear this string Printer character string sent to the printer before and after text Any strings you specify typically need to contain control characters such as lt Esc gt To enter a control character into one of these strings simply press lt Ctrl P gt first For example to enter an lt Esc gt character press lt Ctrl P gt lt Ctrl gt The default printer reset string simply sends a form feed and carriage return to the printer to eject the last page If your printer does not require a character string you Printer reset string LM RAPID D 2 4 MOTOROLA 2 2 4 Editing Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 4 explains configuring RAPID editing options such as redefining key assignments setting insert or overstrike mode setting fixed or smart tabs setti
6. If you need to stop it use the Abort command lt Ctrl U The Search and apply macro command can be invoked inside a macro making it possible to create an almost unlimited array of special commands Note however that it may not be invoked recursively That is the macro to be applied may not itself execute the Search and apply macro RAPID D 3 15 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 8 Find and Replace Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Find next Ctrl L Repeat the last search operation if any If the last search specify LN as your search options command called for a Find pattern operation the same search string and options will be used to repeat it If it was a Find and replace operation the replacement string will be reused as well If it was a search and apply macro operation the search string options and macro will all be reused Note that if a search and apply macro operation is in progress the last search operation will temporarily be considered Find pattern to allow the macro to search for a second instance of the same string For example suppose you wanted to delete all text not within single quotes from the following block One abcdefg Two hijklmn Three opqrstu To do this you could search for a single quote and then apply the following macro to it BkSp Delete the first lt Ctrl L gt Find the second one on the line LeftMove cursor over t
7. N Y specifies a user defined video mode in the next field N the user defined video mode is turned OFF This mode can be toggled on off within RAPID using lt Alt TU gt User defined video mode 00 If the answer to the previous question is YES this field specifies in hexadecimal notation the number of the video mode you want RAPID to use when the lt Alt T gt lt Alt U gt command is issued RAPID is designed to work with text modes that display anywhere from 40 to 132 columns and virtually any number of rows User defined video mode specified 01 activates 40x25 mode on any non monochrome adapter 55 activates 132x25 mode on a VGA that uses the Paradise chip set Be aware that not all video cards that implement non standard text modes can be activated using the standard BIOS set video mode function If yours doesn t you won t be able to use this facility in RAPID Default to 43 50 line mode EGA VGA Y RAPID switches to 43 50 line mode when the program first starts N the standard line mode is used Default to user defined video mode Y RAPID switches to the user defined video mode when the program first starts N the standard video mode is used Suppress snow CGA Y RAPID suppresses snow when writing to video memory on a CGA card N snow is not suppressed when writing to video memory on a CGA card Cursor speed Specifies s
8. SYS file lets multiple files be open at the same time Error writing object file check disk space Insufficient disk space or other reason prevents creation of an object file Make sure there is sufficient disk space Make sure per your DOS manual that your CONFIG SYS file lets multiple files be open at the same time Include directives nested too deep Includes are nested 11 or more levels deep Nest includes no more than 10 levels deep INCLUDE file not found Assembler could not find the file specified in the INCLUDE directive Make sure quotes enclose the file name Specify any extension that exists If necessary specify the full path name RAPID D 4 12 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Table 4 4 Assembler Error Messages continued MESSAGE PROBABLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE ACTION Invalid base value Value inconsistent with current default base binary octal decimal or hexadecimal Use a qualifier prefix or suffix for the value or change the default base Invalid opcode too long The opcode on the highlighted line is wrong Correct the opcode MACRO label too long A label in the macro has 11 or more characters Change the label to have no more than 10 characters MACRO parameter error The macro did not receive sufficient parameter values Send sufficient parameter values to the macro
9. The cursor remains in or the same column Ctrl QE Bottom of window Ctrl End Cursor to bottom line of current window The cursor remains or in the same column Ctrl QX Up to equal indent Ctrl JB Moves the cursor to the beginning of the first previous line with the same indentation level as the current line For example if the first non blank character in the current line is at column 20 the cursor is moved to the next line up that also begins at column 20 Down to equal Ctrl JE Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line with the indent same indentation level as the current line Go to line Ctrl JL Prompts for a line number then moves the cursor to the specified line Any positive integer value in the range 1 to 32767 is valid If the value is preceded by a plus or minus sign the target line number will be calculated relative to the current line If the target line number is greater than the number of lines in the file the cursor will be moved to the last line in the file RAPID D 3 8 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 4 Cursor Movement Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Go to column Cirl JC Prompts for a column number then moves the cursor to the ignored specified column of the current line Any positive integer value in the range 1 to 999 is valid If the value is preceded by a plus or minus sign the target column number will be calculated relative to the current column If the t
10. You shouldn t see this message unless you ve previously seen the warning message described above Any other critical error message is very bad news indeed It means that an I O error occurred while trying to access the source of virtual memory a disk read error for example In all likelihood at least some of your data has been lost You can try saving your work before exiting but very likely the file will contain garbage or be incomplete RAPID D 3 35 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE CHAPTER 4 CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 INTRODUCTION The CASM cross assembler assembles the file currently in RAPID The assembler produces object files map files and listing files according to the control option values The source file uses factory standard mnemonics For a list of acceptable mnemonics see the environment s help screens Each line of the source file contains a single assembly language statement A statement contains as many as four fields in this order label operation operand comment 4 1 1 Labels and Reserved Labels Labels if present must start in column one A label may be as long as 16 characters it must start with a letter The assembler does not differentiate between upper and lower case letters in labels The second and subsequent characters may be alphanumeric characters underscores or dashes You may add a colon to the end of a label but this is optional a space suffices Note that labels within macros must
11. code cycle timing and other such annotations e Map files files that MMDS and other P amp E Microcomputer software use for source and symbolic debug If RAPID finds an error during assembly of a file using CASM it highlights the line in question on the screen positions the cursor near the error and notifies the user After fixing the error you may move into the debugger to test your code RAPID automatically downloads the modified code into the debugger 12 HOST COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS The host PC for RAPID must be hardware and software compatible with IBM PC XT AT or PS 2 computers The host PC must run DOS 3 0 or later or must run in the DOS window of OS 2 or windows The host computer needs at least 640Kb of memory 512Kb for the host software An asynchronous communications port configured as either COM1 COM2 COM3 or COM4 is required for communications between the MMDS and the host RAPID D 1 2 MOTOROLA 2 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 CONFIGURING RAPID CONFIGURING RAPID RAPID has been configured at the factory to get you started as quickly as possible Alternately you may reconfigure RAPID s operational parameters to customize RAPID functionality for your application The RINSTALL executable file consists of a series of data entry screens that let you configure the RAPID parameters You may page through the RINSTALL screens to view or change options as necessary Some of the parameters you may configure are e T
12. delimited by one of the following characters space tab Ctrl A carriage return line feed amp If the cursor is at the beginning of a line it is moved to the end of the previous line Word right Ctrl Right arrow Cursor right one word If the cursor is at the end of a line it or is moved to the beginning of the following line Ctrl F Cursor to left side Home Cursor to beginning of line or Ctrl QS Cursor to right side End Cursor to end of line i e the position following the last non or blank character on the line Trailing blanks are always Ctrl QD removed from all lines to preserve space Line up Up arrow Cursor up one line or Ctrl E RAPID D 3 7 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 4 Cursor Movement Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Line down Down arrow Cursor down one line or Ctrl X Scroll up Ctrl W Scroll window up one line The cursor will remain on the current line unless that line is at the bottom of the window Scroll down Ctrl Z Scroll window down one line The cursor will remain on the current line unless that line is at the top of the window Page up PgUp Scroll window up one page or Ctrl R Page down PgDn Scroll window down one page or Ctrl C Top of file Ctrl PgUp Cursor to beginning of file or Ctrl QR End of file Ctrl PgDn Cursor to end of file or Ctrl QC Top of window Ctrl Home Cursor to top line of current window
13. in assembly language instructions The default base for constants is hexadecimal but you may change the default via the base assembler directive For temporary override of the default base use the appropriate prefix or suffix but not both Base Prefix Suffix 2 Q 8 o O 10 T 16 H RAPID D 4 2 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Additionally either symbol or means the current program counter Examples 10010111Q 10010111 97H 97 JMP jump to myself JMP jump to myself The assembler also accepts ASCII constants Specify an ASCII constant by enclosing it in single or double quotes A character ASCII constant has an equivalent value A is the same as 41H An example of a string constant is db this is a string 4 1 4 Comments Semicolons delineate comments A comment may start in any column and runs until the end of its line Additionally if any line has a or in column 1 the entire line is a comment Examples of comments are this comment is the only thing on the line nop this is a comment this entire line is a comment RAPID D 4 3 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 5 Assembler Directives Directives are keywords that control the progress and the modes of the assembler To invoke a directive use a or as the first character of a line Enter the directive immediately after this character along with appropriate parameter values Table 4 1 lists the directives The
14. in your support path However you may have multiple files of that name for use on different projects Just keep in mind that RAPID looks only in the current directory for a project specific macro file Table 3 15 explains the commands for recording editing and writing and playing back macro to the disk Table 3 15 explains the special macro commands Table 3 14 Macro Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Toggle macro Ctrl JT Turns macro recording on or off When macro recording is record on all subsequent keystrokes up to the 255 keystroke limit are saved in the scrap macro until macro recording is turned off again Keystrokes used to turn it on and off are not saved Once the macro is recorded you are asked to select a macro slot to store it in Edit macro Alt SM Edit an existing macro In the macro editor special keys function keys cursor keys etc are represented by abbreviated forms of their names for example EscCtriINEnter and these symbols are highlighted Regular keystrokes are shown as normal characters without highlighting When you issue this command you are asked to select a macro to edit then to enter a name for the macro optional Then you enter the macro editor itself Several keys serve special purposes here the cursor keys behave as usual moving the cursor so you can select a particular keystroke to change BkSp deletes a single keystroke just as it does in the regular editor lt Ctrl BkSp
15. line clears and a prompt asks for the search string as long as 67 characters If you have used this command before the prompt includes the most recent search string To select the same search string press lt CR gt To edit or replace the search string use these commands Backspace lt Ctrl R gt lt Ctrl S gt lt Ctrl D gt lt Ctrl P gt lt ESC gt RAPID D Deletes the character to the left Restores the previous string Moves cursor left Moves cursor right Enters a control character Cancels the command 3 12 MOTOROLA USING RAPID After you enter the search string a prompt asks for options The editor displays any options of the most recent search you may use them again or edit them Search options are Backwards search from cursor position Global search from start of file or from end of file for a backwards search Search only currently marked block a ro Q W Treat all characters as upper case When you specify options the search begins If a matching pattern is found the cursor appears at the end of the pattern 3 4 6 The Find and Replace Command This command is similar to the find command However after you specify the find string this command prompts for a replacement string Like the search string the replacement string may be as long as 67 characters The prompt includes the replacement string if any from a previous use of this command You may accept edit or replace the replacement
16. not be longer than 10 characters Examples of labels are Label ThisIsALabel Loop_1 This_label_is_much_too_long Note that the assembler would truncate the last example to 16 characters To the assembler the example would be would be the same as This_label_is_much_longer_than_needed RAPID D 4 1 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 2 Operations The assembler supports all Motorola opcode mnemonics To see the full list of these mnemonics look under INSTRUCTION SET in the on line help system Opcodes cannot start in column 1 If a label starts the line there must be at least one space or a colon between the label and the opcode 4 1 3 Operands and Constants Operands are addresses labels or constants as defined by the opcode Assembly time arithmetic is allowed within operands Such arithmetic uses these possible operators multiplication division addition subtraction lt left shift gt right shift remainder after division amp bitwise and bitwise or bitwise xor Operator precedence follows the rules of algebra You may use parentheses to alter precedence If your expression contains more then one operator parenthesis or embedded space you must put the entire expression inside braces Cu jmp start start is a previously defined label jmp start 3 jump to location start 3 jmp start gt 2 jump to location start divided by 4 Constants are specific numbers
17. of the tabs is specified with the Set tab size command Note that RAPID will not try to compress spaces within quotation marks RAPID D 3 11 MOTOROLA 3 4 4 Undo Commands USING RAPID Table 3 7 explains the commands for replacing characters from the previous deletion Table 3 7 Undo Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Restore line Ctrl QL Restore the original contents of the current line or Shift F6 Undo last deletion Ctrl QU Used to restore whole lines deleted with the Delete line or or Delete block commands It will not restore single characters Alt U or words To undo your most recent changes to the current line use the Restore Line command The size of the undo buffer used to save deleted lines may be specified with the Set undo limit command or with RINSTALL Insert undo buffer Ctrl QV Inserts the entire contents of the undo buffer into the current window just prior to the current line This command is intended primarily to be used in macros Flush undo buffer Ctrl QJ Empties the undo buffer This command is intended primarily for use in macros in cases where you wish to use the undo buffer as a scratchpad Set undo limit Alt SU Allows you to set the size of the undo buffer used to store buffer may also be set with RINSTALL deleted lines The default value is 20 lines The size of this 3 4 5 The Find Command When you enter the find command see Table 3 8 the status
18. opcode mnemonics Table 4 2 lists these pseudo operations RAPID D 4 8 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Table 4 2 Pseudo Operations PSEUDO OP CODE ACTION rmb n Defines storage reserving n bytes where n number or label No forward or references of n are allowed ds n fcb m Defines byte storage where m label number or string Strings generate or ASCII code for multiple bytes number and label parameters receive single db m bytes Separate multiple parameters with commas fdb n Defines word storage where n label number or string Two bytes are or generated for each number or label Separate multiple parameters with dwn commas lab equ n Assigns the value of the number or label n to the label lab No forward references of n are allowed org n Sets the origin to the value of the number or label n No forward references of n are allowed RAPID D 4 9 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 12 Listing Directives Listing directives are source code keywords that control output to the listing file These directives pertain only to viewing the source code output the directives which may be interspersed anywhere in source code do not affect the actual code assembled Table 4 3 lists these directives Note the character which indicates a mandatory parameter value To invoke a listing directive put a period in column 1 and start the directive in column 2 The directive itself does not
19. preferably in the same directory as RAPID EXE If you have multiple CFG files with different settings stored in various directories the behavior of RAPID will change depending on where you are when you load it This could conceivably be desirable in certain cases but it can also lead to confusion in others For this last reason we discourage the practice On the other hand if you ve selected the Save config data on exit option and you re the kind of programmer who works on a variety of projects at once each with its own directory and you always change to the appropriate directory before working on that project you may also prefer to maintain multiple CFG files one in each of these directories If so you will probably also want to select the option to save the reload list in the current directory rather than the support path It is also possible to use the C option to specify an alternate CFG file to be used Because typing in the name of your CFG file on the command line is a bit cumbersome you would probably want to use this option only in cases where another program is invoking RAPID and is passing it pre defined parameters RAPID D 3 3 MOTOROLA USING RAPID 3 3 HELP To bring up the RAPID help system press F1 from within the editor The initial window displays a list of topics Use the cursor keys to move the highlight bar over the topic desired If there are more topics than fit in the window use the up and down arrow keys to sc
20. string just as you can the search string Table 3 8 is a list of the find and replace commands After you specify the find and replacement strings the option prompt appears All the find command options are available plus one more N Replace without a prompt When you specify options the search begins If the search finds a matching pattern and the N option is not in effect a prompt requests confirmation that you want the replacement Respond Y replace N skip or A replace this and all subsequent matches without prompts If you specify the N option replacement of the search string happens without any confirmation prompts The screen does not update until all file updates are done To abort a search and replace operation press Q or lt ESC gt RAPID D 3 13 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 8 Find and Replace Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Find pattern Ctrl QF This command lets you search for any string of up to 67 characters When you enter this command you will be prompted for a search string The last search string entered if any will be displayed as a default You may select it again by pressing Enter edit it or enter a new search string lt ESC gt or lt Ctrl U gt cancels a search command and lt Ctrl P gt may be used to enter control characters for example to find a period at the end of a line you would enter lt Ctrl PM gt After the search string is entered you are asked for search
21. text beyond the right margin will cause a new line to be inserted following the current line and all words that are at least partially beyond the right margin to Toggle compress at wrap Alt TC This option which is on by default tells RAPID to compress excess white space out of a line before trying to word wrap it For example thisisa test would become this is a test after compression Leading white space is never removed Note that this setting also affects the behavior of the reformatting commands Toggle synchronized scroll Alt SS When synchronized scrolling is on all cursor movement current window is zoomed commands are passed to all visible windows on the screen for processing This option is especially useful when comparing two versions of the same file Note that many cursor movement commands notably Up Down Left and Right often has no visible effect on windows other than the current one The effects will be visible only if the command causes the window to scroll Note too that certain commands such as End lt Ctrl Left gt and lt Ctrl Right gt may have slightly different effects in different windows Synchronized scrolling is temporarily disabled when the RAPID D 3 27 MOTOROLA 3 4 15 Screen Toggle Commands USING RAPID Table 3 18 explains the commands to toggle screen modes Table 3 18 Screen Toggle Commands drawing mode COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION T
22. the Find pattern command with the following exceptions N Replace without asking n Make a maximum of n replacements Overridden by L option If the text contains a target matching the search string the target is highlighted and the cursor is positioned just beyond it You are then asked if you wish to replace it Press Y to replace it N to ignore it A to replace it and all subsequent matches without asking or Q to abort the operation If the N Search and apply macro Ctrl QM command The Search and apply macro command lets you search for any string of up to 67 characters and then apply a macro to it that is move the cursor to the location of the target and execute the commands stored in the macro Search strings are entered in the same way that they are for the Find pattern command After the search string is entered you are shown a menu containing all of the macros you ve defined Move the highlight with the up and down cursor keys and select the macro to apply by pressing Enter You can abort the operation by pressing lt ESC gt Finally you are prompted for options The options you used last are displayed at first You may enter new options canceling the old ones edit the current options or select them by pressing Enter All the options available for the Find and Replace command are available here as well The screen will not be updated while a search and apply macro operation is being performed
23. the address of the instruction in the target processor memory The CC field of the format is the number of machine cycles used by the opcode Note that this value appears only if Cycle Cntr was turned on before assembly Also note that the CC value which always appears in brackets is a decimal value If an instruction has several possible cycle counts and the assembler cannot determine the actual number the CC field shows the best case the lowest number An example of several possible counts is whether a branch happens The next group of hexadecimal digits VVVVVVVV are the values put into that memory address and possibly the next several addresses The size of this field depends on the actual opcode The LLLL field as many as four digits gives the line count The actual source code follows the line count An example line of a listing file is 0202 05 1608 37 bset 3 tcsr clear timer overflow flag At the end of the listing file is the symbol table This table lists every label and the value of each label The listing directives list and nolist affect the LST file If the nolist directive is at the end of the source code file it suppress the symbol table RAPID D 4 11 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 14 Object and Map Files If an object file is requested via the menu system it is created during assembly The object file has the same name as the file being assembled but with the extension HEX or S19 S19 is the Motor
24. 2 14 MOTOROLA CONFIGURING RAPID 2 2 17 F Key Definition Options The bottom line of the RAPID screen shown below is a quick reference for the RAPID hot keys You can redefine these hot keys in RINSTALL by entering the desired changes see paragraph 2 2 4 Table 2 17 defines the RAPID F key defaults F Key Line Fl EdHelp F2 Save F3 Load F4 Assemble ALT F4 MMDS11 FS Exit F7 PROG F9 Shell Table 2 17 F Key Defaults F KEY DEFINITION F1 EdHelp Open the help window F2 Save Save the file that is currently open F3 Load Open a new file F4 Assemble Assemble the file that is currently open ALT F4 MMDS11 Exit RAPID and enter the MMDS11 debugger F5 Exit Exit RAPID F7 PROG Exit RAPID and load the S record of the file that is currently open F9 Shell Exit RAPID and shell to DOS 2 3 ACCEPTING CONFIGURATION When you have completed RAPID configuration press lt Ctrl Enter gt RINSTALL saves any changes you have made by modifying or creating a RAPID CFG file and it will write a new version of RAPID HLP that reflects the key assignments you have specified Note that if it doesn t yet exist RAPID HLP is created whether you have modified any configuration settings or not If you haven t changed anything and you don t want RAPID HLP to be created or if you want to cancel the changes press lt ESC gt to exit RAPID D 2 15 MOTOROLA USING RAPID CHAPTER 3 USING RAPID Thi
25. 3 4 3 Tab Commands Table 3 6 explains the commands for moving the cursor to tab stops in the file toggling between fixed and smart tabs setting tab size and compressing spaces to tab characters when writing files to disk Table 3 6 Tab Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Tab Tab Moves the cursor to the next tab stop If insert mode is on any text to the right of the cursor is moved to the right of the tab stop When fixed tabs are in effect the tab stops occur at 8 column intervals by default When smart tabs are in effect the default setting the tab stops are determined by the locations of the words on the previous line the first character in each word represents a tab stop Backward tab Shift Tab Moves the cursor to the previous tab stop This command does nothing if smart tabs are in effect Toggle fixed tabs Ctrl OF Toggles the tab mode between smart tabs and fixed tabs Set tab size Alt ST Prompts the user for the number of columns between tab stops The value specified must be in the range 1 100 Toggle tab expansion Alt TT Activates or deactivates option to expand tab characters to spaces when reading in files created with other editors The assumed size of the tabs is specified with the Set tab size command Toggle tab writing Alt TW Activates or deactivates option to compress spaces to tab characters when writing files to disk The assumed size
26. Assembler compile w primary options F4 This command compiles the primary file using the current compiler and its primary compiler options Normally this command is used to compile a program without debug information If the Confirmation of parameters option is On as it is by default you will be given an opportunity to edit the command line to be passed to the compiler before it is executed Assemble compile w secondary options Ctrl F4 This command compiles the primary file using the current compiler and its secondary compiler options Normally this command is used to compile a program with debug information in preparation for running it in the debugger If the Confirmation of parameters option is On as it is by default you will be given an opportunity to edit the command line to be passed to the compiler before it is executed RAPID D 3 32 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 21 Commands for Assembling Compiling Programs continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Set path to Alt CN Lets you specify the complete pathname of the current assembler compiler Note that RAPID will automatically use the first four compiler letters of the compiler s name as its abbreviation For example if you set the path to the current compiler to CABCIBINIBCCX EXE RAPID will set the compiler s abbreviation to BCCX Set primary Alt CO Lets you specify the command line options to be passe
27. Commands no reserse 3 32 3 4 19 Program Simulation Commands seen 3 33 3 4 20 Program Debugging Commands sise 3 34 3 4 21 Programmer Terminal Emulation Commands ceeceeseeesseeesceceeeceseeeesceeneeeesaeecsaeesseecseeesneees 3 34 3 5 RAPID s Virtual Memory Mahd ETa t a eraat aara tiea Loaira tee ones eebedseseabsscotsecnsvecastbeoussenuesgbese 3 35 CHAPTER 4 CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AT Introductions nienean RN 4 1 4 1 1 Labels anid Reserved Labels iv sissscceie sut obese guegeseh eens cupedesotesnts ane ea ee tetonas 4 1 4 1 2 Operations umi vel Sha dal ne a Ra aie ee ie ae ee TS 4 2 4 1 3 Ope randsiand Constants sat lens ie 4 2 4 1 4 Commentarios 4 3 4 1 5 Assembler Directive siesta MD sen A TT mer nn At me M AT me Se Ann ed Anne 4 4 4 1 6 Changing Bastos ir 4 5 4 1 7 Cycle Addons iio siones io aio cl bo blo ds EEEE do avy 4 5 4 1 8 Conditional Assembly is ln den odias 4 6 4 1 9 Include ta ds da sg 4 7 ALO Macros ir entre E res er de Mer de ent tnt tte lattes tent nets daisies 4 7 AT TT Pseudo OperatiOnisyesecs rte demi ss das een us s fente dsd 4 8 41 12 Lasting Directives Lee da see daveb eh RE A A At AS St LEE se nette pente 4 10 41 13 Listine Piles taa aa Di sas 4 11 41 14 Objectiand Map Flesusrnici air A e Made merde awe sieste 4 12 41 15 A A NN 4 12 4 1 16 Using Files from Other Assemblers sr 4 14 APP
28. ENDIX A S RECORD INFORMATION RAPID D ii MOTOROLA TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 1 Block Diagram of RAPID wise cescccedeedsccseuscccenade sees etorri rite der ita iaa Sap ESSES KOERN EONA NE EREE EESE 1 2 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2 1 Configuration Options cceecccesssccceesececesseeeecsneeeceeeecesseaeeeceaeecessaeeceseeaeeesnseeeseeaeeceeaeeeesenaeeeeesnneeeeneaeees 2 2 222 File OPUORS cie nie ins nt Men mt Me mt O E 2 3 273 lt Print Options issus dt int sitio tv 2 4 pA Editing Options sn NN 2 5 2 57 Window Options aa is 2 6 226 Nideo Attributes ia iz 2 7 2 7 Screen OPS mii oido tiro 2 8 258 D EN OAO EAEE E E 2 9 2 9 Assembler and Compiler Options e a E a Ee Ea Ea NOE OE aE EE EEE ES 2 10 2 10 CASM Assembler OPHONS ni neoninis aa ER REER EAEE EEEE REE wench 2 11 2 11 GCompiler Options dominio On 2 12 2212 Compiler BS OPLOOS see a Mn Te ne sas coke states sde rente bn done ii ted ele tete need nace 2 12 2 13 Simulator Options noir rra 2 13 2 14 D b ss r Options sc een termine a ee an tete ne eles aden abo ee 2 13 2 15 Programmer or RapTerm Options sise 2 14 2 16 Auxiliary Help Opi ONS mt pl o ET 2 14 2 17 OF Key Detalla ona dor eee 2 15 S21 Command Line Options mtrs 3 2 3 2 RAPID Hot Keys iria E 3 5 3 3 Edit Window Status Line Information seen 3 6 3 4 Cursor Movement Commands iii iii 3 7 3 5 Insert and Delete Command see 3 10 3 6 Tab Comman
29. MACRO parameter error The macro did not receive sufficient parameter values Send sufficient parameter values to the macro Out of memory The assembler ran out of system memory Create a file that consists only of an INCLUDE directive which specifies your primary file Assembling this file leaves the maximum memory available to the assembler Parameter invalid too large missing or out of range Operand field of the highlighted line has an invalid number representation Or the parameter value evaluates to a number too large for memory space allocated to the instruction Correct the representation or change the parameter value Too many conditional assembly variables There are 26 or more conditional variables Limit conditional variables to 25 or fewer Too many labels The assembler ran out of system memory Create a file that consists only of an INCLUDE directive which specifies your primary file Assembling this file leaves the maximum memory available to the assembler Undefined label The label parameter in the highlighted line has not been declared Declare the label Unrecognized The highlighted opcode is unknown Correct the opcode or make it operation or is inconsistent with the number consistent with parameters and type of parameters y not found A mathematical expression is Insert the close brace missing its close brace
30. N Show system info Ctrl JV Shows you a variety of statistics about the file in the current or window as well as certain system information the version Alt l of RAPID in use the full pathname of the file being edited the number of lines bytes and words in the file the amount of RAM and if appropriate virtual memory remaining the current drive and directory and the amount of space remaining on the current drive Show available Ctrl JR Displays the amount of virtual memory available within the memory or editor Alt M Invoke DOS shell F9 This command gives you access to DOS services or to other or programs from within RAPID You will be prompted for the Alt D name of a program or a DOS command to be executed If primary file as a parameter you need to run several programs you can invoke a DOS shell simply by leaving the command string blank and pressing Enter To return to RAPID from a DOS shell enter EXIT at the DOS command line As mentioned elsewhere one of the nicest features of RAPID is its ability to swap itself almost entirely out of memory before executing other programs Only a tiny kernel of about 4K remains in memory the rest of the program is swapped to disk EMS or XMS Note that you cannot load a second copy of RAPID while you are shelled out to DOS If you try to do so RAPID will abort with the message RAPID is already loaded One other special note about this command RAPID analyzes the command line you s
31. N and OFF SYNC ae scrolling option is on lt Alt SS gt toggles synchronized scrolling ON and RECORD Macro recording is on lt Ctrl JT gt turns macro recording ON lt ESC gt turns macro recording OFF MACRO A macro is currently being played back appears until the macro is finished Screen updates are suppressed while a macro is in progress RAPID D 3 6 MOTOROLA 34 COMMANDS USING RAPID This paragraph provide descriptions of all the commands in RAPID arranged into categories The one that you will probably find most useful at first is the editor help command F1 which pops up the help window The data in this window created by RINSTALL gives a complete list of all the commands arranged pretty much as they are here and the keys to which they are assigned 3 4 1 Cursor Commands There are two ways to move the screen cursor via the cursor control keys and via control characters Running the installation program can define or change either method Table 3 3 explains cursor commands In the table the symbol Ctrl means hold down the control key while pressing the other key or keys Table 3 4 Cursor Movement Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Character left Left arrow Cursor left one character or Ctrl S Character right Right arrow Cursor right one character or Ctrl D Word left Ctrl Left arrow Cursor left one word A word is any sequence of characters or
32. NG RAPID Table 3 16 explains the commands for formatting text Table 3 16 Text Formatting Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Reformat paragraph Ctrl B Rearranges words from the current line to the end of the command is available only when word wrap is on paragraph such that the lines are as full as possible given the constraints imposed by the left and right margins The end of a paragraph is signaled by a blank line This Center line Ctrl OC Centers the current line within the left and right margins Upper case Ctrl OU upper case Convert all characters in the currently marked and displayed block to upper case If the cursor is not within a marked and displayed block the character at the cursor is converted to Lower case Ctrl OV lower case Convert all characters in the currently marked and displayed block to lower case If the cursor is not within a marked and displayed block the character at the cursor is converted to Toggle case Cirl OO toggled Toggle the case of all characters in the currently marked and displayed block If the cursor is not within a marked and displayed block the case of the character at the cursor is Set left margin Ctrl OL Set the left margin for text displayed on the screen The default left margin of 1 may be changed with RINSTALL Set right margin Ctrl OR Set the right margin for text displayed on the screen The def
33. RAPID D October 1993 RAPID INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT USER S MANUAL MOTOROLA Inc 1993 All Rights Reserved Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability function or design Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others Motorola products are not designed intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body or other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims costs damages and expenses and reasonable attorney fees arising out of directly or indirectly any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part Motorola and the Motorola logo are registered trademarks of Motorola Inc Motorola Inc is an Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer IDE software and portions of the manual are O P amp E M
34. RING RAPID 2 2 15 Terminal Emulator or Programmer Options Table 2 15 explains configuring EPROM EEPROM programmer or terminal emulation options for use with RAPID Table 2 15 Programmer or RapTerm Options PROGRAMMER OR DEFAULT DESCRIPTION RAPTERM Full path C PROG11 Specify the complete pathname of your programmer PROG11 EXE DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify CAMMDS11 RAPTERM EXE This input is required a path to EXE files only when using a terminal emulator Specify the complete pathname of your terminal emulator Options 2 Specify the default options you want passed to the terminal emulator or programmer Default specifies the ICHC711E9 communication port COM2 and PROG personality file If RapTerm is installed press the lt F7 gt key to open the communications window for PC serial ports COMI or COM2 The parameters of this window port baud parity word length and number of stop bits come from the options in RINSTALL If necessary consult the manual for your development board for appropriate settings 2 2 16 Auxiliary Help Options Table 2 16 explains configuring auxiliary help options for use with RAPID Table 2 16 Auxiliary Help Options AUXILIARY HELP DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Full path to HLP file CAMMDS11 10085V01 HLP Specify the complete pathname of your auxiliary help file You may install the MMDS chip info files RAPID D
35. T s is 25 The directives IF or IFNOT and ENDIF determine the block of code for conditional assembly Code between IF and ENDIF is assembled if the given parameter value is true Code between IFNOT and ENDIF is assembled if parameter value is false The ELSEIF directive can precede ENDIF providing an alternative For example if the parameter value is true code between IF and ELSEIF is assembled but code between ELSEIF and ENDIF is not If the parameter value is false code between IF and ELSEIF is not assembled but code between ELSEIF and ENDIF is ELSEIF gives the same alternative arrangement to a directive sequence that starts with IFNOT An example is SSET debug sets debug tru SSETNOT test sets test fals nop always assembles nop always assembles SIF debug if debug true jmp start assembles SELSEIF if debug false jmp end does not assemble SENDIF nop always assembles nop always assembles SIF test if test true jmp test does not assemble SENDIF p RAPID D 4 6 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 9 Include When the assembler encounters the INCLUDE directive it takes source code from the specified file This continues until the assembler encounters another INCLUDE directive or until the end of file In the latter case the assembler continues taking source code from the file that contained the INCLUDE directive The file specification must be in quo
36. The top line of the edit window is a status line Table 3 2 lists status line information Table 3 3 Edit Window Status Line Information ITEM DESCRIPTION SAVE Indicates that the file has been modified since it was last saved gt nu Series of characters that indicate which of the four line drawing modes you are in ScLock Scroll lock is on the line drawing mode is being temporarily overridden FILENAME EXT Name and extension of the file being edited You may specify full path names to the editor but only the filename and extension appear here linen File line number position of the cursor Col n File column number position of the cursor Byte n Byte number position of the cursor relative to the first character in the file CAS The default compiler is CASMxx EXE Use lt Shift F5 gt to select a different compiler INS RAPID is in insert mode lt Ctrl V gt toggles between insert and overtype modes OVR RAPID is in overtype mode ST RAPID is using smart tabs lt Ctrl OF gt toggles between smart and fixed tabs FT RAPID is using fixed tabs Al RAPID is in autoindent mode lt Ctrl QI toggles autoindent ON and OFF WW RAPID is in word wrap mode lt Ctrl OW gt toggles word wrap ON and OFF i RAPID is in snow checking mode Requires a CGA card lt Alt TS gt toggles snow checking ON and OFF ZOOM The current window has been zoomed lt Alt TZ gt toggles zoom O
37. appear in the listing file If you want the directive to appear in the listing file use or in column 1 instead of the period Table 4 3 Listing Directives DIRECTIVE ACTION eject Begins a new page or page header Specified string in quotes will be a header on listing pages The header can be defined only once The default header is blank list Turns on the list file output For this directive to work the list choice in the assemble sub menu must be on nolist Turns off the list file output This directive is the counterpart of the list directive At the end of a file this directive keeps the symbol table from being listed pagelength Sets the length of the page The default parameter value is 166 lines decimal pagewidth Sets the width of the output wordwrapping additional text The default width is 180 columns decimal subheader 4 Makes the string specified in quotes a subheader on listing pages The subheader takes effect on the next page RAPID D 4 10 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 13 Listing File A listing file requested via RINSTALL is created during assembly This listing file has the same name as the file being assembled but with the extension LST Any existing file that has the same name is overwritten The listing file has this format AAAA CC VVVVVVVV LLLL Source Code The first four hexadecimal digits AAAA are
38. arget column is greater than 999 or less than 1 the command is Go to byte Ctrl JA Prompts for a byte offset then moves the cursor to the specified absolute offset within the file If the value is preceded by a plus or minus sign the target offset will be calculated relative to the current offset If the target offset is greater than the number of bytes in the file the cursor will be moved to the end of the file Previous cursor position Ctrl QP Jump to the position the cursor was at before it was moved following a global search or replace operation to the current line This command is especially useful Match braces forward Ctrl Q match in these cases This command may be used to locate a matching brace character or character pair For example if the cursor is ona character this command would move the cursor to the corresponding The following characters and character pairs may be matched single quotes double quotes parentheses square brackets angle brackets Pascal style comment braces Pascal style comments C style comments Note that this command accounts for nested braces For example if the cursor were on the first in I X Y4Z the cursor would move to the preceding the not the one following the Z Although the name of the command implies that it always searches in a forward direction in most cases the search direction is determined by t
39. at the beginning of a line The cursor must be within the block when the command is issued Increment marked Ctrl KG These two commands are somewhat similar to the Upper block case Lower case and Toggle case commands If the cursor is not within a marked and displayed block they increment or Decrement marked Ctrl KL decrement the value of the character at the cursor provided that it is not a space If the cursor is within a block the contents of that block are examined If the block is all on one line and the string of characters within the block is a valid integer number in decimal format within the range MaxLongint MaxLongint the command will increment or decrement that number For example if the block consists of 10 10 or 010 and the Increment marked block command were given the block would be changed to 11 11 or 011 respectively If the block is not on one line or if the contents of the block is not a valid number each non blank character in the block will be incremented decremented For example BCDE would become CDEF ABCD One obvious use for these commands is to construct a macro such as the following lt Ctrl KT gt Mark the current word as a block lt Ctrl KG gt Increment the value of the block lt Down gt Move the cursor to the next line lt Alt SA gt Abort the macro if the new line is empty lt Alt SR gt Repeat this macro RAPID D 3 20 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 11 Bl
40. ault right margin of 78 may be changed with RINSTALL Set indentation level Ctrl OB changed with RINSTALL Set the indentation level for marked blocks This setting affects the behavior of the Indent block and Un indent block commands The default indentation level of 2 may be RAPID D 3 26 MOTOROLA 3 4 14 Mode Toggle Commands USING RAPID Table 3 17 explains the commands to toggle ON and OFF autoindent word wrap word wrap compress and synchronized scrolling and toggling between insert and overtype modes Table 3 17 Mode Toggle Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Toggle insert mode Ins Ctrl V Toggle insert mode on or off A fat cursor indicates insert are in insert or overtype mode mode a thin cursor indicates overtype mode If a solid block cursor is in use only the status line will indicate whether you Toggle autoindent mode Ctrl QI Toggle autoindent mode on or off In autoindent mode pressing Enter while in insert mode will cause the new line inserted to have the same indentation level as the previous line Autoindent mode also affects the way that text is formatted when word wrap occurs the new line will have the same indentation level as the previous line and hence the behavior of the reformatting commands Toggle word wrap Ctrl OW Toggle word wrap on or off When word wrap is on any be moved to the new line attempt to insert or append
41. block in this way you can move it copy it delete it or write it to a file see file commands paragraph 3 4 6 The editor highlights defined blocks but you may change this via the hide block command Block commands work only with non hidden fully defined blocks Table 3 11 explains block commands Table 3 11 Block Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Begin block Ctrl KB Marks the beginning of a block The marker itself is not to it with the Top of block command visible on the screen and the block becomes visible only when the end block marker is set You may also use the begin block marker as an extra text marker and jump directly End block Ctrl KK or F8 Marks the end of a block Like the begin block marker the end block marker is invisible and the block itself will not be displayed unless both markers are set You may also use the end block marker as an extra text marker and jump directly to it with the Bottom of block command Top of block Ctrl QB Moves the cursor to the position of the block begin marker end marker is not set The command works even if the block is hidden or the block Bottom of block Ctrl QK begin marker is not set Moves the cursor to the position of the block end marker The command works even if the block is hidden or the block Copy block Ctrl KC the new copy of the block Copy the currently marked and displayed block to the position
42. c pting Conf UTA ti ad 2 15 A SN AAA Done UM tt Oe te alot M Mh ae ee agli Oe tie ee 3 1 3 2 RAPID s Configuration File RAPID CFG sise 3 3 3 3 HOM ANN 3 4 A O ON 3 5 3 3 Prompt and Status E A A tie due 3 6 3 4 Commands een a equvagon den ucdegbevessvedunseveddes dnte ane nn ne d tente ge ere E daim lente nier ed GS 3 7 3 4 1 Cursor CAM A le Te Re an eR el rs 3 7 3 4 2 Insert and Delete Command mini A A AA ais 3 10 3 4 3 Pab Commands a ne e os Lo e sl Doa o et Seah e 3 11 RAPID D i MOTOROLA TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 USING RAPID continued 3 4 4 Undo Commander 3 12 3 4 5 The Fiid Command 22m ee ne enter llei ea 3 12 3 4 6 The Find and Replace Command seen 3 13 3 4 7 Eil Commands 20e a TRE a Lo TUE Lt A 3 17 3 4 8 Window Command s 13 sr vir SEEE NE a 3 18 3 4 9 Block Commands cta tl 3 19 34 10 Printing Commands cuina sintio 3 22 3 41 Text Marker Commands cia ra aan 3 22 3412 M cro Commands tacita talca tite mire labial ice ea ts dolia in ee Peer tes At 3 23 34 13 Text FormattmsCommands indicando caido rnimi able Rainette herbes 3 26 34147 Mode Toogle Commands ss 45e din dit Aish apisagoesdeabishg E eE NAASE VARSE EE ENPRESA 3 27 34 415 Screen Togele Commands ico oa el el RS 3 28 3 4 16 Program Configuration Commands ss 3 29 34 17 Miscellaneous Commands 25m sds tevetesden tensions abus lobe nr EEEE EEN ANR bts en 3 30 3 4 18 Program Assembling and Compiling
43. caret indicates that a parameter value must follow the directive Note that a space must separate a directive and its parameter value Paragraphs 4 1 6 through 4 1 10 give more detail on how to use these directives Table 4 1 Assembler Directives DIRECTIVE ACTION BASE Change the default input base to binary octal decimal or hexadecimal CYCLE_ADDER_OFF Stop accumulating instruction cycles and print the total CYCLE_ADDER_ON Start accumulating instruction cycles ELSEIF Alternate conditional assembly vis a vis the IF or IFNOT directive ENDIF End conditional assembly IF A Assemble specified code if condition is true IFNOT Assemble specified code if condition is false INCLUDE Include specified file in source code MACRO Create a macro MACROEND End a macro definition SET Set specified condition to true SETNOT Set specified condition to false RAMEND Set logical end of RAM space RAMSTART Set default for ramloc pseudo operation RAPID D 4 4 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 6 Changing Base The BASE assembler directive changes the default base of the current file The parameter specified must be in the current base or have a base qualifier prefix or suffix The new base remains in effect until the end of the file or until you enter another BASE directive The original default base is hexa
44. command RapTerm when you issue the GoTo Terminal Emulator RAPID D 3 34 MOTOROLA USING RAPID 3 5 RAPID S VIRTUAL MEMORY MANAGER RAPID uses a virtual memory manager that allows it to store text being edited in virtual memory which can be either RAM EMS XMS or disk By default RAPID uses normal RAM but you can select one of the other sources of memory either by changing the default setting with RINSTALL or by passing the appropriate command line parameter to RAPID when you go to run it E for EMS X for XMS D for disk or N for normal RAM If the desired source of virtual memory is not available or is too limited to be of use RAPID will display an error message when it starts and use normal RAM instead Note that RAPID does not store all its data in virtual memory many things are always stored in normal RAM In particular RAPID allocates a single 16 byte data structure in RAM for each line in a given file In addition when using either XMS or disk for virtual memory RAPID also allocates roughly one third of available RAM for buffering data stored in virtual memory Given 600K of available RAM RAPID will therefore be able to edit a file of about 27 000 lines if using EMS or 18 000 lines if using XMS or disk To see how much RAM and virtual memory is still available use the Show system info command lt Ctrl JV gt or lt Alt I gt The Show available memory command lt Ctrl JR gt or lt Alt M gt displays only the a
45. d to assembler the current compiler when you issue the Compile w primary compiler options options command Set secondary Alt C2 Lets you specify the command line options to be passed to assembler the current compiler when you issue the Compile w compiler options secondary options command 3 4 19 Program Simulation Commands Table 3 22 explains the commands for program simulation Table 3 22 Program Simulation Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Simulate file F6 This command simulates either the file in the current window or default or the primary file depending on how RAPID is Shift F4 configured If the Confirmation of parameters option is On as it is by default you will be given an opportunity to edit the command line to be passed to the assembler before it is executed Set path to Alt CC Lets you specify the complete pathname of the simulator simulator Set simulator Alt CA Lets you specify the command line options to be passed to options the simulator when you issue the Assemble file command RAPID D 3 33 MOTOROLA 3 4 20 Program Debugging Commands USING RAPID Table 3 23 explains the commands for debugging programs Table 3 23 Program Debugging Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Debug primary file Alt F4 This command invokes the debugger passing it any command line options specified with the Set debugger options command followed by the name of the primary file
46. d when swapping to disk EMS or XMS Never the Swapping message is never displayed Save modified files before N Y save all modified files before executing a DOS shell executing a program you specify or executing a program you specify Note that this is always done when RAPID executes the compiler assembler or debugger N files are not saved before executing a DOS shell or RAPID D 2 9 MOTOROLA CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 8 Executive Options continued Pause after running primary Y you will be asked to press a key to return to RAPID N program after it has executed the program associated with the primary file Note that you can view the output of your This parameter is not program by pressing lt Alt F5 gt to display the user applicable screen N no pause when returning to RAPID after executing a primary file program Confirm parameters N Y you may edit the command line sent to any program before being executed N you may not edit the command line For example when using hot keys this option automatically executes the command 2 2 9 Assembler and Compiler Options Table 2 9 explains configuring RAPID assembler and compiler options Table 2 9 Assembler and Compiler Options S ASSEMBLERS COMPILER DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Default assembler compiler 1 CASM Press lt Space gt lt gt or lt gt here to select the compi
47. decimal but you can have binary octal or decimal default bases instead It is a good idea to specify a base explicitly as you may not be sure what base is currently in use Examples are SBASE 10T changes default base to decimal SBASE OAH changes default base to decimal 4 1 7 Cycle Adder The assembler contains an internal counter for instruction cycles the cycle adder The two assembler directives CYCLE_ADDER_ON and CYCLE_ADDER_OFF control this counter When the assembler encounters the CYCLE_ADDER_ON directive it clears the cycle adder The cycle adder starts a running total of instruction cycles as subsequent instructions are assembled For instructions that have variable numbers of instruction cycles the cycle adder uses the smallest number When the assembler reaches the CYCLE_ADDER_OFF directive it writes the current cycle adder value to the LST file and disables the cycle adder NOTE For these directives to work the Listing and Cycle Cntr options from the Assemble submenu must be on RAPID D 4 5 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 8 Conditional Assembly The assembler lets you specify blocks of code to be assembled only upon certain conditions To set up such conditional assembly use the directives SET SETNOT IF IFNOT ENDIF and ELSEIF The SET directive sets the value of its parameter to true The SETNOT directive sets the value of its parameter to false The maximum number of SETs and SETNOY
48. deletes an entire macro Enter accepts the macro The ScrollLock key acts as a toggle turning literal interpretation of keystrokes on and off For example if you wanted to insert the Enter key or the BkSp key into the macro you would first press ScrollLock Pressing it again would restore all special keys to their normal functions The bottom right corner of the macro editor window indicates whether the editor is in Command mode or Literal mode Load macros from Alt SL Allows you to load a file of previously saved macros If the disk file you specify does not exist an error message is displayed Write macros to Alt SW Saves the current macros to the file you specify disk RAPID D 3 23 MOTOROLA USING RAPID macro 1 9 time s Table 3 14 Macro Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Playback macro by Alt TM Displays a list of the currently defined macros To play one menu of them back move the highlight over the appropriate menu item and press Enter Press lt ESC gt instead if you do not wish to playback a macro Playback macro Alt 1 Alt 9 Plays back the specified macro one time lt Alt 1 gt plays back 1 9 macro 1 lt Alt 2 gt macro 2 and so on Playback scrap Ctrl Jl Plays back the scrap macro macro 0 a specified number of macro times The scrap macro is always the same as the last macro that was recorded even if that macro was saved as a normal macro 1 9 Note that
49. ds cimil aida 3 11 3 1 Undo Comm Soi il lt dd letal 3 12 3 8 Find and Replace Commands si nn nn nan nn one Ca Ca ERNE EENES 3 14 ANNIE RO 3 17 3 10 Window Commands ennnen e cduyedea caus daebedandcededandeseedandesscebcdeyccascdesducntdenvecs 3 18 3 11 Block Commands AAA NO 3 19 3 12 Printing Commands onsena a ee E heel aioe aioe ested aut oll niet NR eee 3 22 3 13 Text Marker Commands ntc deis diia 3 22 RAPID D iii MOTOROLA Table 3 14 3 15 3 16 3 17 3 18 3 19 3 20 3 21 3 22 3 23 3 24 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES continued Page Macro Comma Sa E ennemi entente aa A E A N E A E 3 23 Special Macro Commands t siteisiin tonere e eeaeee SE E doblar OE Eo Eea AO clics Re aber dd 3 24 Text Formatting Commands unto tio 3 26 Mode Togale Commands ida aaa 3 27 Screen Togspl Command citrico ici nr me tee 3 28 Program Configuration Commands seen 3 29 Miscellaneous Commands used int nine nid nine tesheee Aap dash Para te ere nl ne Mere roues 3 30 Program Assembling and Compiling Commands non nncnnnncnnccnnne 3 32 Program Simulation Commands aiii lala E Aaa a A E E a RSE 3 33 Program Debugging Commands sise 3 34 Programmer Terminal Emulation Commands arco nccnnccnnne 3 34 Assembler DirectiVesoconsatnaniaaa a ai ns elas eine essai 4 4 Pseudo Operations uma dde tits 4 9 Fis
50. e status line when this compiler is the default compiler The two sets of options correspond to two different Compile program commands in the editor letting you easily alternate between compiling with or without debug information Note that you can specify up to two other compilers for RAPID to use Compilers 2 3 RINSTALL also lets you select a Default compiler normally Compiler 1 and RAPID lets you switch compilers dynamically by entering lt Shift F5 gt RAPID assembles code when you enter lt F4 gt Primary options SD S specify S record D specify debug map file output Secondary options to enter secondary options enter lt Ctrl F4 gt SLD S specify S record D specify debug map file output L specify listing file RAPID D 2 11 MOTOROLA 2 2 11 C Compiler Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 11 explains configuring C compiler user provided options for use with RAPID Table 2 11 C Compiler Options C COMPILER DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Name and Full path of compiler DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify a path to EXE files only Specify the complete pathname of your compiler Primary options Specify primary command line options to send to the compiler Secondary options compiler Specify secondary command line options to send to the 2 2 12 Compiler 3 Options Table 2 12 explains configuring a
51. ecified the first entry point specification encountered in the object module input will be used There is no code data field Only one termination record is used for each block of S records S7 and S8 records are usually used only when control is to be passed to a 3 or 4 byte address Normally only one header record is used although it is possible for multiple header records to occur RAPID D A 16 MOTOROLA APPENDIX A S RECORDS CREATION S record format files may be produced by dump utilities debuggers linkage editors cross assemblers or cross linkers Several pro grams are available for downloading a file in S record format from a host system to a microprocessor based system EXAMPLE Shown below is a typical S record format module as printed or displayed S00600004844521B s1130000285F245F2212226A000424290008237C2A s11300100002000800082629001853812341001813 s113002041E900084E42234300182342000824A952 s113003000144ED492 S9030000FC The module consists of one SO record four S1 records and an S9 record The SO record is comprised of the following character pairs SO 06 S record type SO indicating that it is a header record Hexadecimal 06 decimal 6 indicating that six character pairs or ASCII bytes follow Four character 2 byte address field zeros in this example ASCII H D and R HDR The checksum The first S1 record is explained as follows S1 13 00 00 RAPID D S reco
52. ed Y word wrap is enabled Fixed tabs on by default N smart tabs are enabled Y fixed tabs are enabled Compress lines before wrapping N line is unaltered Y excess white space in a line is compressed when wrapping RAPID D 2 5 MOTOROLA CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 4 Editing Options continued EDITING OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Default left margin 1 Specifies the default left margin Default right margin 78 Specifies the default right margin Default size for fixed tabs 8 Specifies the default spacing for fixed tabs Indent level for marked 2 This setting governs the behavior of the indent and un blocks indent block commands Lines to reserve on undelete 20 Specifies the size of the stack used to store deleted stack lines Default search options U Default options to use for search and find and replace commands 2 2 5 Window Options Table 2 5 explains configuring RAPID window options such as setting cursor type solid or blinking setting window zoom when window is opened setting black and white video attributes and formatting the status line Table 2 5 Window Options lines WINDOW OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Use block cursor when Y Y a solid block cursor is used editing mA N a blinking cursor is used Zoom windows by default N Y new windows are zoomed when
53. especially useful in macros that execute other programs Save switch files Ctrl KD Save the current file and load a new one into the current window Write to named file Ctrl KN Save the current file under a new name Read block Cirl KR Reads a file into the window at the current position of the or cursor and marks it as a block Alt F10 Write block Ctrl KW Writes the currently marked block to a file You are first place If no block is marked this command is ignored prompted for a filename If the file already exists you are asked if you want to append the block to the file or to overwrite it if it does not exist a new file is created The block is left unchanged and the block markers remain in RAPID D 3 17 MOTOROLA 3 4 8 Window Commands USING RAPID Usually you may have as many as five windows open at any time During assembly however only one window may be open and that must contain the file being assembled Use the Alt key to access window commands Table 3 10 explains the window commands Table 3 10 Window Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Add window Ctrl OA Opens another text window You will be prompted for a file to or edit if none is specified a NONAME file is created which Alt W you may later save as a named file using any of the Save file commands described above If too many windows are open you will get an error message If you enter the name of a file already bein
54. g edited the new window will allow you to view a different section of the file than is displayed in the first window Add window from Ctrl F3 This command is largely identical to the Add window reload list command but instead of being prompted for a file to edit you are asked to pick a file from the reload list Previous window Ctrl OP Makes the previous text window the current window Next window Ctrl ON Makes the next text window the current window Resize current Ctrl OS Allows you to change the size of the current window You window adjust the size by pressing the up and down cursor keys When you are finished pressing Enter or lt ESC gt returns you to the editor Zoom current Ctrl OZ Zooms the current window to fill the entire screen hiding the window or other text windows When a window has been zoomed Alt Z ZOOM will appear at the top right corner of the status be zoomed line If you change windows while zoomed the window you change to will be zoomed as well If only one window is open at the time this command is given the command does nothing except request that the next window opened should RAPID D 3 18 MOTOROLA 3 4 9 Block Commands USING RAPID A block is any defined contiguous stream of text from a single character to many lines even the entire file To define a block put a begin block marker at the first character and an end block marker after the last character Once you define a
55. ging programs utilize only those S records which serve the purpose of the program For specific information on which S records are supported by a particular program the user s manual for the program must be consulted An S record format module may contain S records of the following types SO The header record for each block of S records The code data field may contain any descriptive information identifying the following block of S records The address field is normally zeros S1 A record containing code data and the 2 byte address at which the code data is to reside S2 A record containing code data and the 3 byte address at which the code data is to reside S3 A record containing code data and the 4 byte address at which the code data is to reside S5 A record containing the number of S1 S2 and S3 records transmitted in a particular block This count appears in the address field There is no code data field S7 A termination record for a block of S3 records The address field may optionally contain the 4 byte address of the instruction to which control is passed There is no code data field S8 A termination record for a block of S2 records The address field may optionally contain the 3 byte address of the instruction to which control is passed There is no code data field S9 A termination record for a block of S1 records The address field may optionally contain the 2 byte address of the instruction to which control is passed If not sp
56. he character that the cursor is on For example if it is on a it will search backwards The only exceptions are the single and double quote characters cases in which the search direction cannot be inferred This command will always search forward for a Match braces backward Ctrl Q command will always search backward This command is identical to the Match braces forward command except in those cases where the cursor is on single or double quote character In these cases the RAPID D 3 9 MOTOROLA 3 4 2 Insert and Delete Commands USING RAPID Table 3 5 explains the commands for inserting and deleting characters words and lines Table 3 5 Insert and Delete Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION New line Enter In insert mode this command inserts a line break at the not position of the cursor if autoindent mode is in effect the cursor moves to the next line and to the same column as the first non blank character in the previous line otherwise to column 1 of the new line In overtype mode this command moves the cursor to column 1 of the next line without inserting a new line whether autoindent mode is in effect or Insert line Ctrl N moving the cursor Inserts a line break at the position of the cursor without Insert control char Ctrl P used for marked blocks Allows control characters to be entered into the text For example pressing lt Ct
57. he cursor to its position before you pressed this key F3 Load Loads a new file If you have changed the current file prompts you to save the file then asks for the name of the file to be loaded Pressing lt Ctrl F3 gt loads the file you specified on the command line when you entered RAPID F4 Assemble Assembles the file currently in the editor any options chosen from the menu system will be in effect Note that only one window may be open during assembly Alt F4 MMDS11 Brings up the MMDS11 debugger environment Ctrl F4 Secondary Options Assembles the file currently in the editor with secondary options F5 Exit Ends the editing assembly session You may save any changes to the current file before returning to DOS If you are in a secondary window this key closes the window Shift F5 Assembler Selects one of the three assembler compilers Compiler F6 Sim Enters the simulator environment F7 PROG Opens or makes active the programmer environment or the terminal emulation environment F9 Shell Shells to DOS Type EXIT at the DOS prompt to return to CASM F10 Options Activates the options menu system RAPID D 3 5 MOTOROLA USING RAPID 3 3 PROMPT AND STATUS LINES The top line of the screen is the prompt line which displays messages instructions and responses to prompts When you enter a two key command the editor echoes the first key at the left edge of the prompt line Below the prompt line is the edit window
58. he directory pathname that contains your supporting files e Which printer to use e What colors appear on the screen Names and pathnames of your assemblers and compilers 2 2 RAPID CONFIGURATION To run the RAPID configuration program enter at the DOS prompt gt RINSTALL The available data entry screens are TABL TITLE E 2 1 Configuration Options 2 2 File Options 2 3 Print Options 2 4 Editing Options 2 5 Window Options 2 6 Video Attributes 2 7 Screen Options 2 8 Exec Options 2 9 Assembler and Compiler Options RAPID D 2 1 TABL TITLE E 2 10 CASM Assembler Options 2 11 C Compiler Options 2 12 Compiler 3 Options 2 13 Simulator Options 2 14 Debugger Options 2 15 Programmer or RapTerm Options 2 16 Auxiliary Help Options 2 17 F Key Definition Options MOTOROLA 2 2 1 Configuration Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 1 explains configuring RAPID for the directory containing supporting files source of virtual memory virtual memory file and etc Table 2 1 Configuration Options CONFIGURATION OPTION DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Directory for supporting files directory name Tells RAPID where its help file RAPID HLP the directory containing RAPID EXE and RAPID CFG standard macro file RAPID MAC and the reload list file RAPID RLL are loca
59. he next line lt Alt SR gt Repeat last macro i e this macro This macro is taken from the default macro file RAPID MAC where it is assigned to lt Alt 2 gt See the discussion of The Standard Macro File below The macro works something like this while CursorlnMarkedBlock do begin lt Alt SK gt HomeTheCursor Home DeleteOneChar Del DeleteOneChar Del CursorDown Down end lt Alt SR gt The conditional test for aborting the macro should generally appear at the beginning of the macro or just prior to the Repeat last macro command If the test is at the beginning the macro will work like a while loop meaning that it will never be executed if the condition isn t met initially If it is just before the end it will work like a repeat until loop meaning that the first part of the macro will always be executed once repeat HomeTheCursor Home DeleteOneChar Del DeleteOneChar Del CursorDown Down if not CursorInMarkedBlock then lt Alt SK gt Exit until False lt Alt SR gt Note that it is possible to record a macro that contains the Repeat last macro command However RAPID will automatically terminate the recording session as soon as the command is issued rather than actually repeating the macro The Repeat last macro command will then represent the last command in the recorded macro RAPID D 3 25 MOTOROLA 3 4 13 Text Formatting Commands USI
60. he second lt Ctrl QY gt Delete to end of line To perform this operation on the entire block you would RAPID D 3 16 MOTOROLA 3 4 7 File Commands USING RAPID Table 3 9 explains the commands for opening and closing files Table 3 9 File Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Edit another file F3 Load a new file into the current window If the file being edited has been modified you ll be asked to confirm that you wish to abandon it Edit file from Shift F3 Load a new file selected from the reload list into the current reload list window If the file being edited has been modified you ll be asked to confirm that you wish to abandon it Save and continue Ctri KS Save the current file and continue editing edit or F2 Abandon file Ctrl KQ Abandon the current file and close its window If the file has or been modified and it is not being edited in another window F5 you will be asked to confirm this request Abandon all and none Abandon all files and exit to DOS If any of the files in exit to DOS memory have been modified you will be asked if you want to save them Save and exit to Ctrl KX Save the current file and close its window If the current DOS or window is the only window this command exits to DOS Ctrl F2 Save all and exit to Alt X Save all modified files and exit to DOS DOS Save all and Shift F2 Save all modified files and continue editing This command is continue
61. icrocomputer Systems Inc 1992 1993 All Rights Reserved IBM PC XT AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp P amp E Microcomputer Systems Inc PO Box 2044 Woburn MA 01888 2044 617 353 9206 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION EI SystemOverview iii aaa 1 2 1 2 Host Computer Requires cria a A to seen E 1 2 1 3 Specifications Summary is e ii ri Rd 1 3 CHAPTER 2 CONFIGURING RAPID 2A Introducido ap eid eee 2 1 222 gt RAPID Conhourati ns s fs Min Rent en Re eee et DE On Me en ts 2 1 2 21 Configuration Options cuota a eee vend ae Rito pea 2 2 2 2 2 Fle Options A TA AE AEA ATEI 2 3 2 2 3 Print Options a a Bg Selah a a pal an te 2 4 2 2 4 EIN Options tl cli 2 5 223 Window Options srein eh mime din rai 2 6 2 2 6 Vid o Attribution ti ne eme nd te eine as 2 7 2 27 Screem Opti ons sistas Ailes ley nn ant add 2 8 2 2 8 EXECULLVE OPS an E D al detec Te ee A a Delores tk E eden 2 9 229 Assembler and Compiler Options sise 2 10 22 10 CASMAssembler AAA O 2 11 2 2 11 Compiler Opos uti dine hedge tei oes ea OTE 2 12 2 212 Compiler SO pt OMs esis von se te DR ere enr een tte te entiere end le nets NE Ne steseepstets 2 12 2 2139 Simulator Opt caian Sie 2 13 22414 D busoer OPNS ecards 2 13 2 2 15 Terminal Emulator or Programmer Options ss 2 14 22 16 Auxiliary Help OPD 0 tt edades 2 14 22 17 EF K y Definition Options mt ii 2 15 2 37 Ac
62. ler change this setting with lt Shift F5 gt you ll normally want to use Within RAPID you can Trap compilation errors compiler or assembler Y RAPID attempts to identify errors reported by the compiler or assembler and to move the cursor to the position of the error Note that in the case of compilers assemblers that can generate multiple errors and warnings RAPID pays attention only to the first error or warning still visible on the user screen Press lt Alt F5 gt to view the next sequential error N RAPID does not identify errors reported by the Open new window for compile errors Y RAPID opens a new window when it detects a compiler error in a file that is not currently loaded N RAPID loads the file into the current window if it is not already loaded RAPID D 2 10 MOTOROLA 2 2 10 CASM Assembler Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 10 explains configuring CASM assembler options for use with RAPID Table 2 10 CASM Assembler Options CASM ASSEMBLER DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Name and Full path of CASM DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify a path to EXE files only CAMMDS111 CASM11 EXE You specify the complete pathname for your primary assembler compiler and any command line options that should be sent to it as well as an abbreviation of up to 4 letters that uniquely identifies this compiler This abbreviation will be displayed on th
63. mount of virtual memory remaining When RAPID runs out of memory you ll see one of two error messages If it has exhausted the supply of normal RAM you ll see Insufficient memory If it runs out of virtual memory you ll see Insufficient virtual memory Please keep this distinction in mind The fact that you have lots of virtual memory available doesn t mean that you won t be seeing an Insufficient memory error message There are two other error messages that you might see in this connection The first is simply a warning message Warning Limited RAM available This message will appear only when EMS XMS or disk is being used for virtual memory What it means is that the virtual heap is badly fragmented and that RAPID is dangerously close to not having enough memory RAM reserved to keep track of all the blocks of available virtual memory If you see this warning the best thing to do is to save your work exit from RAPID and reload RAPID with the A option The second error message is one we hope you ll never see Critical error nnn Data may be lost What this means is that the virtual memory manager has encountered an unrecoverable error and you need to exit immediately If the error number nnn is 204 you re in good shape That simply means that the virtual heap is so badly fragmented that RAPID can no longer keep track of all the free memory blocks No data has been lost but you should save all your work and exit immediately
64. nfiguration Commands Table 3 19 explains the commands to set support path set default extension and save defaults Table 3 19 Program Configuration Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Set support path Alt SP The support path is the drive directory where RAPID looks RAPID MAC for its help file RAPID HLP and the standard macro file Set default extension Alt SE this setting permanent Used to specify the default extension for filenames This extension is automatically added to filenames lacking extensions For example if you have set the default extension to PAS the default setting and wish RAPID to load MYPROG PAS when the program starts you can enter RAPID myprog at the command line Note that you must issue the Save defaults command if you want to make Save defaults Alt SD automatically save the configuration data on exit Allows you to save the current configuration settings as the defaults If RAPID found RAPID CFG when it first loaded that copy of RAPID CFG will be overwritten with the new settings If RAPID CFG was not found initially a new RAPID CFG file will be created in the current directory This command is of little use if you ve selected the option to RAPID D 3 29 MOTOROLA 3 4 17 Miscellaneous Commands USING RAPID Table 3 20 explains the miscellaneous commands Table 3 20 Miscellaneous Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTIO
65. ng auto indent ON OFF setting word wrap ON OFF compressing lines before wrapping setting left and right margins size spacing for fixed tabs Table 2 4 Editing Options EDITING OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Modify key assignments Modify key assignments When you press lt Enter gt with mode the cursor on this field or click the mouse when the pointer is on this field a new window will appear that shows the RAPID commands and their assigned keys To change or add a key assignment move the highlight bar to the one you want to modify and press lt Enter gt then press the key s you want to assign to the command While entering a key assignment the following commands are available lt BkSp gt lt Ctrl BkSp gt Delete last key lt Ctrl C gt lt Ctrl Y gt Clear the key assignment lt Ctrl R gt lt Ctrl Q gt lt L gt Restore the previous value lt Enter gt Accept key assignment lt Esc gt lt Ctrl Break gt Cancel the operation If you need to enter one of these keys as part of the key assignment press lt Scroll Lock gt to switch to literal mode rather than command mode enter the key s then press lt Scroll Lock gt to switch back to command Insert mode on by default N overtype mode is enabled Y insert mode is enabled Autolndent on by default N autoindent mode is disabled Y autoindent mode is enabled Word wrap on by default N word wrap is disabl
66. ock Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Increment and decrement marked block continued Assuming that the cursor were at the top of a column of of the number will be pushed forward to make room numbers a series of constant declarations for example this macro would increment each number in the column until it reached a blank line Before After 99 100 go 100 99 100 0100 0101 As you can see it is acceptable for numbers to be left padded with either zeros or spaces If the number after incrementing is wider than it was before all text to the right Align block Ctrl KA must be within the block when the command is issued Aligns all lines in the currently marked and displayed block with the first line For example if the first non blank character in the first line is at column 5 the text in the remaining lines in the block will be adjusted so that the first non blank character in each line is at column 5 The cursor Reformat block Ctrl KF command does nothing if word wrap is off Reformats all paragraphs completely contained within the currently marked and displayed block Note that this RAPID D 3 21 MOTOROLA 3 4 10 Printing Commands USING RAPID Table 3 12 explains the commands for printing files Table 3 12 Printing Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Print current file Alt KP Prints the current file in its en
67. of the cursor The block markers are placed around Move block Ctrl KV or Alt F8 Move the currently marked and displayed block to the position of the cursor The block markers remain around the block at its new position Delete block Ctrl KY Delete the currently marked and displayed block Although with care the Undo command can usually restore portions of an accidentally deleted block there is no command to restore a deleted block in its entirety so you should use this command RAPID D 3 19 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 11 Block Commands continued block COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Toggle block Ctrl KH Toggle the display of marked blocks Note that several of the display other block commands do nothing or generate error messages if a marked block is not displayed Mark current word Ctrl KT Mark the current word as a block See the description of the Word left command for a definition of word Indent block Cirl Kl Indent all lines in the currently marked and displayed block by a fixed number of spaces The default indention level of 2 may be changed using either RINSTALL or the Set indentation level command The cursor must be within the block when the command is issued Unindent block Ctrl KU Un indent all lines in the currently marked and displayed block by a fixed number of spaces default is 2 Note that this command will not delete any non blank characters
68. oggle 43 50 line Alt TE Activates deactivates the 43 line mode on EGA s or the 50 mode line mode on VGA s RAPID restores the mode that the system was in initially before exiting to DOS or executing another program Toggle user Alt TU Activates deactivates the user defined video mode if one defined mode was specified with RINSTALL If none was specified this command does nothing Toggle line Alt L This command lets you activate deactivate one of RAPID s reminder as usual four line drawing modes In a line drawing mode pressing Left Right Up or Down causes an appropriate line drawing character to be placed at the position of the cursor overwriting the character beneath the cursor if any The cursor is then moved in the direction indicated if appropriate Note that when line drawing characters are being inserted the current margins are ignored as are the states of the autoindent word wrap and insert mode toggles By default RAPID runs in edit mode in which the four cursor keys simply move the cursor Pressing lt Alt L gt repeatedly allows you to select one of the four line drawing modes corresponding to the following sets of characters Tin Im Im 48 Press lt Alt L gt a fifth time brings you back to edit mode You can switch back to edit mode immediately by pressing lt Alt E gt or you can temporarily switch to edit mode by pressing ScrollLock Note that ScrollLock is forced off when you give either
69. ola 8 bit object code format HEX is the Intel 8 bit object code format The choice of name depends on the choice made in the Assemble submenu Any existing file with the same name is overwritten If a map file is requested via the menu system it is generated during assembly ICD MMDS and other P amp E Microcomputer products use map files during source level debugging Because map files contain DOS path information under which they were created map files cannot be moved to a new directory To move map files to a different directory reassemble with the map file option in the new directory 4 1 15 Error Messages The assembler highlights any error it finds during assembly and displays an error message on the prompt line Table 4 4 lists possible error messages with probable causes and corrective actions Table 4 4 Assembler Error Messages MESSAGE PROBABLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE ACTION Conditional The variable in the IF or IFNOT Declare the variable via the SET or assembly variable statement has not been declared SETNOT directive not found via a SET or SETNOT directive Duplicate label The label in the highlighted line already has been used Change the label to one not used already Error writing LST or MAP file check disk space Insufficient disk space or other reason prevents creation of an LST or MAP file Make sure there is sufficient disk space Make sure per your DOS manual that your CONFIG
70. opened N zooming is OFF when new windows are opened Use black and white video N Y RAPID uses black and white monochrome video attributes attributes even if a color adapter is detected N RAPID uses color video attributes Status line format bytes or Byte count Byte count the status line for each window displays file the absolute position of the cursor within the file Total lines the status line displays the total number of lines in the file e g 5 1024 where 5 is the current line number and 1024 is the total number of lines in the RAPID D 2 6 MOTOROLA 2 2 6 Video Attributes CONFIGURING RAPID Video attributes let you change the colors used by RAPID Video attribute options are listed in Table 2 6 There are two sets of colors one for color systems the other for monochrome adapters and color adapters running in a black and white video mode BW80 These are the color settings and what they mean When the cursor is on one of these fields the line at the top of the screen changes colors to give you a sample of the current color setting for that particular item e There are two ways to change one of these colors If you know the hex value for the color you want you can just enter it For example for white text on a red background you d enter 4F Press lt F10 gt and select the color you want using the cursor keys When you ve got the correct color highlighted press lt En
71. options The options you used last are displayed at first You may enter new options edit the current options or select them by pressing Enter The following options are available B Search backward from the current position of the cursor toward the beginning of the file G Search globally The entire file is scanned for the search string regardless of the current position of the cursor The search starts at the beginning of the file if searching forward at the end if searching backward L Search only within the currently marked block n Find the n th occurrence of the search string The search starts at the position of the cursor unless the L or G option is also specified U Ignore case treat all alphabetic characters as if they were in upper case W Search for whole words only skip matching patterns that are embedded in other words If the text contains a target matching the search string the target is highlighted and the cursor is positioned just beyond it RAPID D 3 14 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 8 Find and Replace Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Find and replace Ctrl QA This command allows you to replace one string of up to 67 option was selected this question will not be asked characters with another You will be prompted first for a search string next for a replacement string and finally for the search options The valid options are the same as those for
72. ot append a Z to the ends of files it creates C Specifies a CFG file to use You might use this option for example if you program in multiple languages and you want to use one set of configuration options for one language and a different one for another Display this help screen RAPID D 3 2 MOTOROLA USING RAPID 3 2 RAPID S CONFIGURATION FILE RAPID CFG When you initialize RAPID it looks for its configuration file RAPID CFG in the current directory If RAPID CFG is not in the current directory it then looks in the directory from which RAPID EXE was loaded the source directory If RAPID CFG is not in the source directory then all directories on DOS s PATH are searched If RAPID CFG cannot be found an error message is displayed and factory default settings are used Note however if you run RAPID EXE from a network drive and have multiple users use it each with his own RAPID CFG file You can have each user set an environment variable that specifies the directory where his copy of RAPID is stored SET RAPID CARAPID DO NOT specify the name of the configuration file just the drive and directory This environment variable if it exists will be used only to locate RAPID CFG RINSTALL does not check for the existence of this environment variable Note too that while it is possible to have multiple RAPID CFG files stored in different directories we generally recommend that you maintain a single CFG file
73. pecify and replaces each instance of p with the full pathname of the primary file See the next section of the documentation For example if the primary file is C ASM MYPROG ASM then tpc p would be treated as equivalent to tpc C ASM MYPROG ASM Note that there may be more than one instance of p in the command string This feature makes it possible to create a macro that executes a utility program and automatically passes it the name of the primary file For example the macro Shift F2Alt Dpsa p Enter would save all modified files and then execute the PSA program from Turbo Analyst passing it the name of the RAPID D 3 30 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 20 Miscellaneous Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Log drive path Ctrl JD or Alt P Allows you to change the active drive and directory You may window press lt ESC gt to make it the current directory enter a drive and path or you can specify a file mask and choose a new path from a directory listing For example entering C would show you a list of all the subdirectories that branch out of the root directory on drive C When the name of the directory you want is displayed at the top of the Abort Ctrl U stopped Used to halt an operation in progress The keyboard buffer is checked regularly to see if the abort command has been issued if it has the buffer is emptied and the operation is Load edi
74. peed of the cursor 1 32 1 is the fastest and 32 the slowest RAPID D 2 8 MOTOROLA 2 2 8 Executive Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 8 explains configuring RAPID executive options the swap file is always in the same place Table 2 8 Executive Options EXEC OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Name of swap file RAPID SWP This option is important only if your machine lacks EMS XMS or if you don t have enough EMS XMS for RAPID to use it when swapping itself out before executing other programs The amount of EMS XMS needed varies depending on the number of files loaded etc but at least 250K is needed in all cases more if EMS XMS is being used by the virtual memory manager The default filename is fine but you will probably want to specify a complete pathname so that Default extension for execution EXE Extension to be applied to filenames when none is executables specified If you don t want one to be applied leave this field empty DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify a path to EXE files only Use EMS if available Y Y EMS is used for swapping if it is available N EMS is not used for swapping Use XMS if available Y Y XMS is used for swapping if it is available N XMS is not used for swapping Display Swapping Disk Disk the Swapping message is displayed only when message swapping to disk Always the Swapping message is displaye
75. r designed to function with RAPID The built in communication environment enables you to work with the M68MMDS05 M68MMDS11 and various Motorola development tools You may download and test assembled files during editing and assembly of original source code You may access any installed application via hot keys If you access the debugger through RAPID the debugger passes current source code information into the RAPID editor when you exit When you exit a source level debug session the editor points to the same line of code you were on during the debug session This lets you change code and perform true source level debug If you access a programmer through RAPID RAPID passes personality files and device type information to the programmer The S record file is automatically downloaded when the debugger or programmer is initiated RAPID also passes custom mem files used on MMDS startup RAPID D 1 1 MOTOROLA INTRODUCTION RINSTALL Assembler Terminal Compiler Programmer C Complier Debugger MMDS or ICD Figure 1 1 Block Diagram of RAPID 1 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW RAPID lets you generate standard assembly language source code or read source code in from a disk file According to options you select the assembler installed under RAPID CASM generates one or more of these types of output files e Object files machine language for the target processor in S record format e Listing files copies of input text with machine
76. rd type S1 indicating that it is a code data record to be loaded verified at a 2 byte address Hexadecimal 13 decimal 19 indicating that 19 character pairs representing 19 bytes of binary data follow Four character 2 byte address field hexadecimal address 0000 where the data which follows is to be loaded A 17 MOTOROLA APPENDIX A The next 16 character pairs of the first S1 record are the ASCII bytes of the actual program code data In this assembly language example the hexadecimal opcodes of the program are written in sequence in the code data fields of the S1 records OPCODE INSTRUCTION 285F MOVE L A7 A4 245F MOVE L A7 A2 2212 MOVE L A2 D1 226A0004 MOVE L 4 A2 A1 24290008 MOVE L FUNCTION A 1 D2 237C MOVE L FORCEFUNC FUNCTION A1 The balance of this code is continued in the code data fields of the remaining Sl records and stored in memory 2A The checksum of the first S1 record The second and third S1 records also each contain 13 19 character pairs and are ended with checksums 13 and 52 respectively The fourth S1 record contains 07 character pairs and has a checksum of 92 The S9 record is explained as follows S9 S record type S9 indicating that it is a termination record 03 Hexadecimal 03 indicating that three character pairs 3 bytes follow 00 00 The address field zeros FC The checksum of the S9 record Each printable character in an S record is encoded in a hexadecimal
77. rl PG gt would insert a G into the text pressing lt Ctrl PG gt would insert a G Control characters are always displayed as highlighted capital letters in the color Delete current character Del or Ctrl G command does not work across line breaks Deletes the character under the cursor and moves any characters to the right of it one position to the left This Delete left character Bksp or Ctrl Bksp previous line Moves the cursor one character to the left and deletes the character there Any characters to the right of the cursor are moved one position to the left If the cursor is at the beginning of a line the current line will be joined with the Delete right word Ctrl T Deletes the word to the right of the cursor see the definition of word given above for the Word left command This command works across line breaks and thus may be used to remove line breaks Delete line right Ctrl QY Delete all text from the cursor to the end of the line RAPID D 3 10 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 5 Insert and Delete Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Delete line Ctrl Y Delete the current line Ctrl F6 Delete line no none This command is the same as the Delete line command but undo the deleted line is not saved in the undo buffer lt is potentially useful when using the undo buffer to temporarily store lines being moved
78. roll through the topics When you have highlighted a topic press carriage return lt CR gt the first or only help page for that item appears If there are two or more pages of information use the PgDn and PgUp keys to scroll through the information Enter Fl to return to the main help window to select another topic Press lt ESC gt one or more times to step out of the help system The help system covers three main areas e The editor this help information includes explanations of all the commands e The assembler this help information covers most assembler commands as well as options and structures Enter lt Ctrl F1 gt to open the assembler help window e Topics specific to the microcontroller or microprocessor see the help topic MANUFACTURER for more information Enter lt Shift F1 gt to open the MMDS CHIPINFO file RAPID D 3 4 MOTOROLA 3 4 HOT KEYS Hot key labels appear at the bottom of the editing screen the first screen that appears when you activate RAPID USING RAPID Table 3 2 explains these keys as well as other hot keys you are most likely to use Table 3 2 RAPID Hot Keys KEY NAME DESCRIPTION F1 EdHelp Brings up the RAPID editor help system Ctrl F1 Assembler Help Brings up the assembler help system Shift F1 Auxiliary Help Brings up the CHIPINFO help system F2 Save Saves the file currently in the editor makes a backup file and returns t
79. s PRINTABLE FIELD CHARACTER CONTENTS S type 2 S records type SO S1 etc record 2 The count of the character pairs in the record excluding type and record length length address 4 6 or 8 The 2 3 or 4 byte address at which the data field is to be loaded into memory code data 0 n From 0 to n bytes of executable code memory loadable data or descriptive information For compatibility with teletypewriters some programs may limit the number of bytes to as few as 28 56 printable characters in the S record checksum 2 The least significant byte of the one s complement of the sum of the values represented by the pairs of characters making up the records length address and the code data fields RAPID D A 15 MOTOROLA APPENDIX A Each record may be terminated with a CR LF NULL Additionally an S record may have an initial field to accommodate other data such as line numbers generated by some time sharing systems An S record file is a normal ASCII text file in the operating system of origin Accuracy of transmission is ensured by the record length byte count and checksum fields S RECORD TYPES Eight types of S records have been defined to accommodate the several needs of the encoding transportation and decoding functions The various Motorola upload download and other records transportation control programs as well as cross assemblers linkers and other file creating or debug
80. s chapter covers the RAPID operating environment 3 1 COMMAND SYNTAX For RAPID to work properly it must reside in your working directory or on your DOS path The following covers the RAPID command syntax Syntax where gt RAPID Options FileName1 FileName8 gt The DOS prompt lt options gt The command line option to be loaded into the editor immediately see Table 3 1 lt filename gt The optional file to be loaded into the editor immediately You may specify up to eight filenames on the command line Note that the editor names all files with the default extension ASM If you have given RAPID a default extension to use it will apply it to these filenames if no extension is specified Examples RAPID L RAPID loads the last file edited L is a command line option described in Table 3 1 RAPID myprog ASM RAPID loads MYPROG ASM ASM is optional or generates a new file called myprog If the file to be edited is not in the same directory as RAPID you must enter the complete pathname RAPID readme If you need to edit a file without an extension add a period to the end of the name RAPID myprog myprog inc src Although a filename may contain wildcards RAPID ignores all filenames thereafter RAPID loads MYPROG ASM and MYPROG INC into the editor and displays a list of all files in the current directory with an extension of SRC RAPID D 3 1 MOTOROLA USING RAPID If you don t specify a filename RAPID di
81. splays a directory list If there s a default extension RAPID uses that extension e g ASM if not RAPID displays all files in the directory if memory allows If you press lt ESC gt twice RAPID creates a file called NONAME You can rename the NONAME file when you save the file Table 3 1 Command Line Options COMMAND DESCRIPTION L Reload last file can be used multiple times A Reload all files R Display reload list on startup If no files are specified directly or indirectly this option displays the reload list on the command line instead of a directory list Jnnn Jump to the line specified by the value of nnn This must follow a filename If a filename does not precede the parameter the parameter is ignored E Use EMS for virtual memory This option overrides the default setting selected with RINSTALL IX Use XMS for virtual memory This option overrides the default setting selected with RINSTALL D Use disk for virtual memory This option overrides the default setting selected with RINSTALL N Use normal RAM This option overrides the default setting selected with RINSTALL U Use user defined video mode 143 Use EGA 43 line mode 50 Use VGA 50 line mode same as 43 BW Use black and white mono video attributes This is useful when running RAPID ona laptop UNIX Edit UNIX files If this option is specified RAPID uses J rather than M J as a line delimiter and it does n
82. t ldaa 01 loop deca bne loop SMACROEND The assembler ignores the parameter count which is on the MACRO directive line Count merely indicates the role of the parameter value passed to the macro That value is substituted for the sequential indicator 1 The first time this macro is called the assembler changes the label Joop on lines 3 and 4 to loop 0001 If the calling line delay 100t invokes this macro the loop occurs 100 times Note the t decimal suffix The assembler ignores extra parameter values sent to a macro But if the macro does not receive enough parameter values the assembler issues an error message Labels are changed automatically each time they are used Labels within macros cannot be longer than 10 characters This is because the assembler appends nnnn a four digit hexadecimal number to the label This makes sure that labels always are unique Note that code cannot jump into a macro but code may jump out of a macro Macros cannot be forward referenced If you do not want the listing file to contain code generated during a macro select MACROS Hide from the Assemble submenu If you do want the listing file to contain this code select MACRO view Note that such code in the listing file is not identical to the macro definition it is all upper case and comments are stripped out But this appearance does not affect the definition itself 4 1 11 Pseudo Operations You may use pseudo operations in place of
83. ted Usually the drive Source of virtual memory for editing RAM about this feature This determines the source of memory to be used to store text being edited By default RAPID uses normal RAM but you can also select EMS XMS or Disk If the desired source of virtual memory is not available or is too limited to be of use RAPID will display an error message when it starts and use normal RAM instead We generally advise use of Disk space for virtual memory only if you have a large 1 2 megabyte disk cache installed See the section on RAPID s Virtual Memory Manager below for additional information File for virtual memory on disk RAPID VMF directory Specifies the name of the file that the virtual memory manager uses if Disk is the source of virtual memory If no directory is specified the file is stored in the current Amount of EMS XMS to reserve in KB enough memory for the swapping exec function This value in kilobytes specifies the amount of EMS or XMS that the virtual memory manager leaves available for other programs Note that it always sets aside Save config data on exit N the CFG file is not updated automatically on exit Y the CFG file is updated automatically on exit Save reload list on exit N the reload list is not saved automatically on exit Y the reload list is saved automatically on exit The reload list is a catalogue of the last 24 file loaded by
84. ter gt lt ESC gt terminates the color options screen Table 2 6 Video Attributes VIDEO ATTRIBUTES DEFAULT DESCRIPTION COLOR MONO Text 1E 1E Ordinary text within an editing window Line w cursor 1C 1C Color used for line in editor that contains the cursor Marked blocks 1B 1B Color used to highlight marked blocks Also used to display control characters embedded in the text Text markers 5F 5F Color used to display text markers sometimes called bookmarks Highlighted search text 4F 4F Color used to temporarily highlight text found in a search operation Window status line 2F 2F Color used for each window s status line Command line OB OB Color used for the command line at the top of the screen Block cursor 4F 4F Color used for a solid non blinking block cursor Menu items unselected 3F 3F Color used for unselected items in a menu filenames in a directory list for example Menu items selected 4F 4F Color used to highlight a selected item in a menu Menu items alternate 3E 3E Alternate color used for unselected items in a menu directory names in a directory list for example Menu frame 3F 3F Color used for the frame around a menu pick list RAPID D 2 7 MOTOROLA 2 2 7 Screen Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 7 explains configuring RAPID screen options Table 2 7 Screen Options SCREEN OPTIONS DEFAULT DESCRIPTION User defined video mode specified
85. tes single or double If the file is not in the current directory the specification must be the full path name Includes may be nested to a maximum depth of 10 The Assemble submenu lets you choose whether to show the source code from include files within the LST file Note that the file name must be in quotes single or double Examples are SINCLUDE init asm SINCLUDE c project init asm 4 1 10 Macros A macro is a named block of text to be assembled in lieu of its name Although similar to an include file macro is more flexible For example a macro can have labels and can receive parameter values The MACRO directive starts a macro definition The name of the macro is the parameter value for this directive All subsequent code to the MACROEND directive is the macro definition No directives may be within a macro nor does the definition need parameter names Instead the definition includes the sequential indicators n for the n th parameter values of the macro call The assembler ignores parameter values on the MACRO directive line so such values may be helpful for internal documentation Example 1 is a macro that divides the accumulator value by 4 SMACRO divide_by_4 Starts macro definition asr a Divides accumulator by 2 asr a Divides quotient by 2 SMACROEND Ends definition RAPID D 4 7 MOTOROLA CASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Example 2 is a macro that creates a time delay SMACRO delay coun
86. the lt Alt L gt or the lt Alt E gt command As with other mode toggles activating a line drawing mode in the current window has no effect on other windows When one of the line drawing modes is in effect for a given window the left side of its status line is used to display the corresponding character set If ScrollLock is active however and that window is the current window ScLock is displayed there instead to remind you that the line drawing mode has been temporarily overridden If the window is in edit mode that portion of the status line is used to display the SAVE RAPID D 3 28 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 18 Screen Toggle Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Force edit mode Alt E Forces a return to edit mode Toggle snow check Alt TS Turns snow checking on or off Since snow checking is needed only for older CGA adapters RAPID will ignore this command if the current display is not a CGA Toggle block Alt TB Hides the blinking cursor you normally see on the screen and cursor replaces it with a solid non blinking block cursor You can change the appearance of the block cursor with RINSTALL The blinking cursor is restored when you exit from RAPID or when you execute another program Toggle initial zoom Alt TZ If the initial zoom option is in effect it is off by default new opened windows will automatically be zoomed when they are first 3 4 16 Program Co
87. the limit on the number of times that the macro can be played back depends on the length of the macro if nothing else is in the keyboard buffer the limit is 512 div Length Macro Playback scrap Ctrl J1 Ctrl J9 Plays back the scrap macro 1 to 9 times lt Ctrl J1 gt plays it back once lt Ctrl J2 gt twice and so on Table 3 15 Special Macro Commands of block COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Force insert mode Alt Fl Forces insert mode on Force overtype Alt FO Forces insert mode off mode Force autoindent Alt FA Forces autoindent mode on mode Force word wrap Alt FW Forces word wrap mode on on Abort macro if line Alt SA Aborts the macro if the current line is empty empty Abort macro if end Alt SF Aborts the macro if the cursor is at the first or last line of of file the file Abort macro if out Alt SK Aborts the macro if the cursor is not within the currently marked block RAPID D 3 24 MOTOROLA USING RAPID Table 3 15 Special Macro Commands continued COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Repeat last macro Alt SR Repeats the last macro This command should generally be used only at the end of a macro that is designed to be self repeating and self aborting For example you might have a macro such as the following lt Alt SK gt Abort macro if cursor is not in the marked block HomeDelDel Delete two spaces at the start of the current line Down Move the cursor to t
88. third compiler user provided for use with RAPID Table 2 12 Compiler 3 Options COMPILER 3 DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Name and Full path of compiler DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify a path to EXE files only Specify the complete pathname of your compiler Primary options Specify primary command line options to send to the compiler Secondary options compiler Specify secondary command line options to send to the RAPID D 2 12 MOTOROLA 2 2 13 Simulator Options CONFIGURING RAPID Table 2 13 explains configuring simulator user provided options for use with RAPID Table 2 13 Simulator Options SIMULATOR DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Full path of simulator DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify a path to EXE files only Specify the complete pathname of your simulator Options for simulator Specify command line options to send to the simulator 2 2 14 Debugger Options Table 2 14 explains configuring debugger options for use with RAPID Table 2 14 Debugger Options DEBUGGER DEFAULT DESCRIPTION Full path of emulator CAMMDS11 Specify the complete pathname of your debugger EXE DO NOT specify a path to a BAT or COM file Specify a path to EXE files only Options for debugger 2 Specify the default options you want passed to the debugger RAPID D 2 13 MOTOROLA CONFIGU
89. ting Directives iii 4 10 Assembler Error Messages ccsccccsssssssssscecessecesscncecsnseeconsnsensoncecssseeceenssccsnscecessnseceenseceeseesensnseseansoesses 4 12 RAPID D iv MOTOROLA INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The integrated development environment RAPID is a special software development tool for your Motorola Development System RAPID functions with e M68MMDSOS Motorola Modular Development System for M68HC05 microcontroller unit MCU based systems e M68MMDS11 Motorola Modular Development System for M68HC11 MCU based systems e M68ICD16 In Circuit Debugger for M68HC16 MCU based systems e M68ICD32 In Circuit Debugger for M68300 MCU based systems e M68SPGMRI1 Serial Programmer for M68HC11 MCUs with internal EEPROM EPROM OTPROM Refer to the specific operations manual for information about your development system The integrated design environment RAPID consists of a configuration program RINSTALL and a cross assembler CASM The RAPID design environment is an editor that allows applications such as cross assemblers C compilers communication packages programmers simulators and debuggers to be blended into a single environment to simplify writing and debugging source code see Figure 1 1 RAPID lets you easily correct any syntactical errors in your source code without leaving the environment RAPID s integrated editor is a full featured source file editor CASM is a command line cross assemble
90. tirety by writing it to the default behavior using RINSTALL if you wish printer device LPT1 You can change the default printer device using RINSTALL if LPT1 is inappropriate for your system The other choices are LPT2 LPT3 COM1 and COM2 By default RAPID sends a form feed L M to the printer at the end of a print job but you may disable this Print block Ctrl KP to the printer at the end of the print job Writes the currently marked and displayed block to the default printer device By default RAPID sends a form feed 3 4 11 Text Marker Commands Table 3 13 explains the text marker commands Table 3 13 Text Marker Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Toggle marker display Ctrl KM Toggle the display of text markers Set marker 0 9 Ctrl K0 Ctrl K9 Sets one of the ten text markers at the position of the cursor lt Ctrl KO gt sets marker 0 lt Ctrl K1 gt sets marker 1 etc Jump marker 0 9 Ctrl Q0 Ctrl Q9 jumps to marker 0 lt Ctrl Q1 gt jumps to marker 1 etc Moves the cursor to the specified text marker lt Ctrl Q0 gt RAPID D 3 22 MOTOROLA USING RAPID 3 4 12 Macro Commands When RAPID first starts it looks for a macro file called RAPID MAC It looks for this file first in the current directory and then in RAPID s support path directory set with RINSTALL In the typical case you will have only one file RAPID MAC located
91. tor help file F1 it etc This command tells RAPID to load the help file RAPID HLP created by RINSTALL If the file is found on the support path and there are fewer than 8 windows open RAPID will open a new window load RAPID HLP into it and then zoom the window There is nothing special about the help file It is an ordinary ASCII text file and you may do anything with it that you could do with any other file perform searches edit Display user screen Alt F5 command Press any key to return to the RAPID screen This command displays the contents of the user screen the screen that was active when RAPID first started If any other programs have been executed while within RAPID the output of those programs can be viewed using this RAPID D 3 31 MOTOROLA USING RAPID 3 4 18 Program Assembling and Compiling Commands Table 3 21 explains the commands for assembling and compiling programs Table 3 21 Program Assembling and Compiling Commands COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Select assembler compiler Shift F5 This command allows you to change the current compiler assuming that you have configured RAPID for use with multiple compilers The abbreviation for the currently selected compiler will appear on the status lines for all visible windows Note that unlike RINSTALL RAPID will not allow you to select a given compiler unless it has a 1 to 4 character abbreviation

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