Alternative Design 3 - BME - University of Connecticut
Contents
1. the device to rotate without extra parts and saves space in the case This stepper motor is an Applied Motion size 23 Stepper Motor 4023 819 It will be able to rotate the cartridge to precisely place the syringe bay in position so that the syringe 1s below the insulin bottle and in line with the plunger grip The motor holds fast to the cartridge with a 5 point wheel that attached to 5 spots on the cartridge Using this many connection points prevents slipping and makes sure the device stays attached in case one point of contact fails The syringe clip is an adjustable adhesive backed wire clamp made by Micro Plastics Inc part 22AAwC310400 Its design was modified for use A ring of foam rubber was inserted into the middle to grip the syringe tightly without crushing it The two stabilizers seen in Fig 15 work to hold the syringe up when the plunger is being pulled down These are simple two plastic rods that have been inserted into the syringe cartridge Motor En 5 Point Wheel o i U Figure 15 The Syringe Cartridge 1 2 8 Syringe Loading The syringe is loaded by a claw pulling on the plunger This plunger claw operates in a manner very similar to the second design A motor turns a screw and a potentiometer simultaneously As the screw turns a nut on the screw is forced up or down depending on the direction of the screw s rotation As the nut moves the plunger claw attached to i2. User Display Bottle Amount Entered Get Data from the Syringe Rear Ask if Correct Touch Sensor Dose Cancelled Yes Menu Flowchart Part 1 Get Data from the Syringe Rear Touch Sensor Syringe Present Prompt for Syringe Dose Cancelled Display Last Dose Amount Ask if Correct Main Menu NO Dose Amount Correct Prompt for Dose Amount Yes Yes Dose 50 Units No Dose Get Data from the No Cancelled Syringe Front Touch Sensor Get Dose Amount from User Main Menu 100 Unit Syringe Present No Display Dose Amount Entered Ask if Correct Dose Amount Exceeds Syringe Yes Capacity Re enter Yes Dose Bottle Amount Dose Amount Exceeds Available Insulin Re enter No Chart 2 Menu Flowchart Part 2 Get Data from Orientation Sensor Device is Vertical Prompt User to Yes Orient Device Vertically Ready to Load Syringe Ask to Confirm Load NO Dose Cancelled No Yes Load Syringe Confirmed Yes Get Data from Bottle Touch Sensor Double Check Bottle Present Bottle Present Prompt for Bottle Get Data from the Syringe Rear Touch Sensor No Double Check Syringe Present D
3. is sent to a comparator circuit to be used later iV The number of steps the motor must make to move the plunger the predetermined distance is estimated This number of steps is the cut to 80 1 The insulin bottle drawer is moved to the syringe needle 1 The distance the bottle moves is determined by the size of the syringe j The device powers the motor 1 The motor turns the screw and the potentiometer which moves a nut on the screw 1 This screw pulls on the plunger grip 11 The resistance is sent through a comparator circuit l The device powers the screw until for the 80 of the estimated number of steps required 2 After these steps are taken the motor slows down so the comparator circuit can keep up 3 The motor continues to turn the screw at a slower pace until the comparator circuits match 4 Once the voltages match the device stops the motor k The motor assembly and insulin bottle are moved away from the cartridge l The cartridge rotates the loaded syringe to the window for removal 1 2 1 Display GLK12232 25 WBL The display chosen is the GLK12232 25 WBL by Matrix Orbital It is a simple graphical LCD display The GLK 12232 25 WBL is designed to be the display unit for an associated controller The microcontroller will have control over what is displayed on the screen by connection through I C port The module size is 98 mm x 60 mm x 13 5 mm Ix w x t The display size is 76 mm x 25 2 mm which is relatively small however t
4. the syringe can be inserted or removed A clear plastic window will be present over this bump to ensure nothing falls out of the device while it 1s being carried and that no dust or other foreign particles get in 2 Realistic Constraints The intended design to satisfy the problem faced by many diabetic patients with a variety of conditions causes factors based on limitations to be followed when considering not only the pure design of the device but the user s capabilities For the automated syringe loading device health and safety of the user are important to keep 1n mind when proposing a design The device should be able to impact their lives in a positive way and not compromise what has already been by their disability A constraint that 1s proposed by this design 1s the interaction between the user and device input selection A significant problem may arise if the buttons on the device require too much force for the patient It 1s therefore important that all user inputs be tested for ease of use While voice input is still being investigated it seems a high cost to risk its effectiveness The visual display and audio output may also be difficult for the user to interact with The device must be tested on a number of patients to determine their comfort level with the size and clarity of the characters It will also be necessary for the audio output to be tested and reprogrammed as necessary Different voices may carry through more clearly
5. turn to move syringes from the user to the insulin bottle the motor had to be disengaged from the syringe bay during movement This was accomplished by housing the motor in a casing along with a potentiometer that is used to monitor its movement These enclosed parts move along tracks by way of a servo to and from the syringe for loading The motor and potentiometer work together the same way they did in the previous design and the plunger grip still works by being pulled along a screw 1 2 Subunits All of the parts in this design work together to carry out the actions outlined here These are the action steps of the syringe loading device 1 Load Syringes a The user can go to the main menu of the device and select Load Syringes b The user selects Load New Syringes or Replace Syringes 1 Load Syringes moves to step le ll Replace Syringes tells the device to move the cartridge to an empty bay so a larger syringe can be placed 1 The syringe size is detected by an extra sensor on the syringe bay 2 Ifno bay is empty the device moves to syringe bay 1 and the user replaces the syringe with a larger one 3 After the syringe 1s replaced the user presses OK and the device proceeds with the next step c Ifthe user continues with the loading process without inserting syringes and when filling 1s about to begin the device realizes the syringe cartridge 1s empty it will go to the load syringes screen and fol
6. 0 DoubleTalk RC8660 User s Manual RC Systems www rcsys com Downloads rc8660 pdf gt 11 GLK12232 25 WBL Technical Manual Matrix Orbital lt beta octopart com Matrix Orbital GLK12232 25 WBL pdf gt 12 PLC Embedded computer CUBLOC User Manual Version 2 5 Comfile Technology Inc lt http cubloc com download CUBLOC253a pdf gt 13 Precision Multi Turn Rotary Potentiometer MW22 Wirewound ETI Systems Inc lt http www etisystems com mw22 asp gt 14 Applied Motion Products Motors Motion Control Products Drives and Controls Applied Motion Inc lt http Www applied motion com products stepper motors size23 php gt
7. 2 16 bit Timers Counters 16 bit Compare Outputs External Interrupt Sources 5 Input Change Notification Real Time Clock Calendar Module NENNEN Table 1 PIC24FJ128GA 006 Microprocessor Features a Ci c e T ul E E x B ots ew D guts aBSBS6ORSL amp EEKE ageetev e tog ST Sl lr ci amp d ys O E au IE E SRQELS Pet EERS S 2 a em BL L SSsasaases EL EL i CL DL CE TE bu SUA L y MU d 7 oD BE ESAS E RR ARETE AG dm n a PMDSRESL i C SOSCOITICKICHU RC 4 PWDSREEL 2 2 SOSCHCNImRCIS PMDT RET 2 E ocumpa PMAS SCK2ICNBSIRGE LDC 4 45 CAPMCS UINTAIRD T1 PMAASDIICHURG7 5 54 IC PMCSZ INTAXRDAO PMA3 SDOQGICNTURGS amp 43 ICZAHCTS INTZIRDS MCLR 1 7 42 7 ICTIRTCCANTT RDS DMAZISEXICNTIRGS C 3 PIC24FJXXGAO006 ai 4 vss Ves 5 PIC24F IXX xXGAUDb 40 OSC2ZICLKOIRC15 js Wool LL 10 39 OSCHICLKIRC12 CAINAHANSICNTIRBS ET 11 38 C Von CAIN ZANAAC NERA 12 37 SCL1 RG2 C2lN HANS CNSIRS3 13 36 C SDA1 RG3 C2INJAN2 SS1 CNA RS2 7 14 35 C UTRTS BCLK1 SCK1 INTIHRFG PGCTIEMUCIVREFAANTICNSIRET 15 a4 utRX SDHJ REZ FGDI EMUDATIPMASVsEFHANDCN2IRBI 45 33 __ UtTX SDOt RF3 9 7 RMuHSSHAmEGM Sm RE Rhun rrr KEREKEKET EEEEES E J3 PE TELTE 28 ECES 222582 2 a Longam 33 pogs 23598 38 PEBR Bear E a m m FU am RB zB OPES ca ER V mZas y m a a m Gy gad E Figure 8 PIC24FJ128GA006 Microprocessor Pin Diagram The PIC24 will interfac
8. Design Team 2 Automated Syringe Loading Device Alternative Design Report 3 Client Contact Dr John Enderle Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Email jenderle bme uconn edu Phone 860 486 5521 Daniel Littleton Scott Relation and Kathryn Tempe 11 3 2007 1 1 Introduction This 1s the third proposal for an automated syringe loading device The automated syringe loader is a device designed to simplify the lives of diabetes patients by enabling them to fill their prescriptions without the help of another person thereby supplying them with independence and confidence Diabetes is a disease that affects the body and its blood sugar level and it currently affects more than 20 million Americans Those with diabetes have trouble naturally producing or utilizing insulin a hormone that transforms sugar into energy To correct this diabetes patients need to monitor their blood sugar levels and inject themselves with appropriate amounts of insulin While this is not a particularly difficult task in and of itself diabetes compounds the difficulty of this task by affecting patients with a list of other problems that can include low vision and trembling hands These problems make filling a syringe with accuracy very difficult The device will assist patients by filling insulin syringes for them All the user has to do is load syringes into the device one at a time and load an insulin bottle into a specially designed holder
9. Set font metrics in the display memory The Set font metrics command 1s used to determine where on the display the characters will begin to be displayed The display also allows the programmer to test the display by connecting directly to a PC To do so a PC cable along with the required 5 V power supply is required To successfully test the display characters on the keyboard typed should appear on the display of the GLK 12232 25 However keys such as backspace delete and clear will not have an effect on the input to the display during testing The screen displays characters by wrapping the text around to the next line when the end of the line has been reached which is dependent on the font size being used This feature can be used to select the appropriate font style and size that will work best for patients with visual disabilities 1 2 2 Data Input 4x4 Programmable Keypad The keypad chosen to communicate between user and the syringe loading device is a 4x4 programmable keypad by Comfile Technology The size of the keypad is 76 3 mm x 68 8 mm If desirable extensions can be made off of the keys to enlarge them making it more accessible to users with disabilities that may inhibit the correct selection The team will program the device with numbers 0 through 9 YES NO ENTER and CLEAR The keys will be appropriately labeled in English letters as well as Braille Figure 3 4 x 4 Programmable Keypad Keystr
10. With these materials the loader will take insulin dosage amounts from the user that range from 0 to 100 units increase in increments of 0 1 units and automatically fill the syringe for the user precisely with accuracy within 1 1000 of a milliliter For ease of use this device will implement a voice output large character controls and a clearly visible display The third alternative design for the automated syringe loader features many changes and improvements over previous designs First of all the display and input controls have been changed to a graphical LCD and a 4x4 programmable keypad by Comfile Technology The display intended for use is the GLK 12232 25 WBL graphical LCD display It is a small display but with the use of available font types and sizes the characters will be maximized on the screen With the use of the voice output the user will have a different method of communication with the device An advantage to the GLK 12232 25 WBL display is that the dimensions of the overall casing of the device will not be influenced by the size of the display This design communicates by an external microprocessor that also directly communicates to the user through the keypad unlike the previous designs where the communication 1s dependent upon the monitor s specified microprocessor The keypad being used is a 4x4 programmable keypad By using a programmable keypad the team will be able to specify the communication between the user and the dev
11. accurate sensors incorrect doses of insulin will most likely be drawn Such errors may result in too much insulin or not enough Air bubbles will also be a product of the errors which will give the user false confirmation of the intended dosing These errors can become significant to a person who must have the correct amount of insulin The device should have no exposed electrical wires The patient can be harmed in the occasion that it produces an electrical shock The device must also be contained in such a way that if a spill accidentally occurred there would not be any risk to the user To assure that there 1s no additional hazards to the user a clear shielding made out of lightweight plastic can be used to cover the mechanical components An additional safety issue is malfunction within the mechanical components Failure in the syringe guides could lead to miss positioning or jamming of the syringe during loading In addition failure in the bottle holding assembly could lead to misalignment of the bottle which could result in syringe needle damage or breakage All have the possibility of injuring the user of the device Sterilization of all syringes is an important safety consideration Each syringe comes individually packaged for sterilization reasons so it is therefore necessary to maintain an environment in which the patient will know they are being protected from harmful conditions It may become necessary to ensure that all components wi
12. an run programs compiled for it by Microchip s Application Maestro software This software can incorporate assembly language or C programming files and can include references to functions in pre compiled code modules libraries Several pre built code modules can be directly downloaded from Microchip s website These code modules greatly reduce the amount of effort needed developing programs for the microprocessor Serial and parallel port communication can be accomplished through the use of functions at high level as opposed to having to read and set pin data values individually and needing to trigger transfer signal pluses directly One a program is written and compiled in Application Maestro it can be downloaded to the microprocessor using its In Circuit Serial Programming module Below is a flowchart that outlines the major processing steps for the syringe loading device s program View Next Dose Information No Yes Display Next Dose Information Main Menu Display Last Dose Information View Previous Display Prior Dose Information Chart 1 Proceed to Prepare Dosage Get Data from Bottle Touch Sensor Insulin Bottle Loaded Prompt for Bottle Yes No Dose Cancelled Display Bottle Amount Remaining Ask if Correct Yes Bottle Amount Correct Prompt for Bottle Yes Amount Meese Store Bottle Get Bottle Amount oun from
13. ating voltage 1s between 2 and 3 6 volts Instead the outputs will trigger transistors to open and to allow the necessary current voltage to be sent to the motors The microprocessor will perform several functions during the operating of the syringe loader s plunger motor e t will first need to use the syringe s size and the user s requested dosage amount to calculate what voltage the mechanical potentiometer which is attached to the plunger arm should be generating when the correct amount of insulin 1s withdrawn e The PIC24 will then compute the number of steps the plunger s stepping motor will need to complete until 80 of the voltage distance is reached e The microprocessor will then operate the motor in quick mode for the number of turns it takes to reach 80 of the voltage e At that point the PIC24 will send commands to a digital potentiometer causing it to generate the target voltage of the mechanical potentiometer e The voltage from the digital potentiometer will be compared to the mechanical potentiometer using the one of the microprocessor s comparator modules If the target voltage has not been reached the plunger motor will be powered for one turn and the processing will pause briefly before evaluating the comparing the voltages again e Once the target voltage is reached the digital potentiometer s resistance voltage is returned to zero and program processing resumes The PIC24 microprocessor c
14. e with all of the device s electrical components It will receive information from the various sensors and the keypad through use of its Capture Input ports Input Change Notification will be configured for these ports to allow the microprocessor to react to changes in status Communication with the GLK12232 25 graphic display will be accomplished through the use of one the built in Inter Integrated Circuit modules Commands and data will be sent to the DoubleTalk sound synthesizer chip via the PIC24 s Parallel Master Port Status messages from the sound chip can also be received through this port If additional memory is needed for storing dosage information available memory space on the DoubleTalk chip can be accessed and written to using the PIC24 s Parallel Master Port The microprocessor will also be able to communicate with a computer through the use of its Serial Port Interface module SPI An R 232 port will be linked to pins for one of the PIC24 s SPI modules A standard serial cable will be able to connect the syringe loader s R 232 port to a computer s serial port this will enable data to be transferred between them The servos and motors of the syringe loader device will be able to be controlled using the PIC24 s Output ports These ports are capable of generating both single and continuous output pulses Since the motors require 6 volts to operate them they will not be able to be directly powered by the microprocessor its normal oper
15. esetting every time the device has finished being used to remind the user that the device is on This feature can benefit the total device by allowing power saving abilities on the user s behalf All of the data for the RC8660 is sent through the built in serial and or parallel ports The chip s Peripheral Input Output Bus will be used to communicate with the microprocessor s parallel master port It is an eight bit bidirectional peripheral bus that sends text data and commands Data is input from a peripheral when PRD is active PRD is an output called Peripheral Read that controls the transfer of data from a peripheral to the RC8660 Data is read from the PIOS PIO when PRD is low Status information is output when STS us active The STS is an output Status that controls the transfer of status information from the RC8660 to a peripheral Status information is driven on the PIO PIO pins when STS is low This function is only active when there is new status information RS 232C SERIAL PORT RCB660 Dag cres 38 USE STRAIGHT THAU CABLE Figure 5 RS 232 Interface The RC8660 chip will connect to the microprocessor through a RS 232 connection A typical RS 232 interface can be seen above in Fig 5 The CRS pin is used to control the flow of serial data to the RC8660 All of the data is sent through a high speed 16 byte buffer within the RC8660 before it 1s stored in the primary buf
16. fer The TXD pin provides real time status information The information is transmitted as one byte messages which correlate to a status flag in the Status Register The microprocessor controls all of the interactions with the RC8660 over the system data bus using the read RD and write WR signals RD controls the reading of the RC8660 s Status Register and WR controls the transfer of data into the RC8660 DoubleTalk chip 1 2 4 Orientation Sensor CXTAO2 An orientation sensor is required by the device to assure that the device 1s standing properly in order to load the syringes with insulin Without such a sensor the possibilities of loading air instead of insulin are possible if the insulin vial is not in a downward direction The sensor intended for use is the CXTAO2 by Crossbow and is a dual axis analog tilt sensor The CXTA02 has a small size of 24 1 mm x 50 8 mm x 30 5 mm and is packaged in a lightweight aluminum case It can be affixed to the inside of the syringe loading device by screws or adhesive The sensor uses a 5 V power supply The device has great accuracy to within 0 5 over the angular range The device can make angle measurements up to 75 in tilt range Figure 6 CXTA Tilt Sensor The CXTAO 2 tilt sensor uses a micro machined acceleration sensing element with a DC response to measure inclination relative to gravity The response of the tilt sensor 1s dependent upon the magnitude of gravity parallel to the sensor eleme
17. for volume 1 Ifthe volume of insulin in the bottle can accommodate the desired dosage the device proceeds to step 2f il Ifthe volume is insufficient the device prompts the user to replace the bottle with a new one then returns to step 2d f The device rotates the syringe cartridge to the default starting point syringe bay 1 If syringe bay one has a syringe of sufficient size the device moves on to step 2g i Ifa syringe is not present or the syringe in that bay is smaller than the dosage reguested by the user the cartridge rotates to the next bay with an available syringe and then moves on to step 2g 1 If every bay in the cartridge is checked and no syringes are present the device returns to step 1 2 If no syringes of adequate size are detected the device displays a message The syringes are too small Please replace one with a syringe of adequate size or split your dosage into smaller amounts The device then returns to step 1b 11 g A servo moves the motor assembly to the syringe so the motor can interact with the plunger grip h The comparator circuit 1s prepared 1 The device calculates the amount of insulin as a distance the plunger must travel 1 The distance is determined by the size of the syringe and the volume of insulin desired volume z radius of syringe distance 11 The device uses a calculation to determine the voltage put out by the resistor when the desired length as been met ii This voltage
18. gy or who have other lifestyles It is important that devices intended for all different people in different income brackets be able to afford these essential devices By building an affordable and simple device many people will benefit for the attainability of it Widespread distribution of the device is also an important factor An economical device within typical syringe loading devices 1s necessary because normal insulin pumps can cost well over 5 000 not including monthly supplies and increased doctor visits to maintain the device By designing and building within a budget of 2 000 future designs will be able to properly mimic while cutting down on individual components and therefore reducing the overall price With increased distribution of the components being used the device will benefit from lowered manufacturing costs The portability of the intended syringe loading device allows diabetes patients to explore other opportunities and will give them the confidence that they lacked before regaining such independence Allowing the user to bring the device on day trips and vacations will give them the freedom they may have thought was gone Such a design of portability will appeal to more patients and help give them the confidence of receiving an accurate amount of insulin The accuracy of the device will allow insulin users to receive the maximum benefits from a precise amount of required insulin This precision can improve their everyday activi
19. he font size will be maximized to fill out the screen and to appeal to users of the device The background color of the screen is white and the text color is blue Since the display is a bit mapped device graphics would be able to be displayed if the team chose to do so small text 4 a uec ajn n vua aha e3 ES Figure 2 GLK12232 25 WBL back Electrical Components Through the use of programming different text fonts and graphics can be used and stored in the display s flash ROM In power off modes the device is able to retain such selections which will not be changed unless done through reprogramming The display has a backlight for low light areas that it is used The backlight will be on indefinitely while the device is powered on Adjusting the contrast of the screen can be used to determine the best seeing capabilities for the users of the device To maximize the display features of the GLK 12232 25 WBL Matrix Orbital offers an interface program that is used to manage font and graphics downloads This program mogd exe is provided by CD and a PC can be used to select these features which are incorporated into the programmed microprocessor The GLK12232 25 receives characters and positions them one after the other as they are received The feature auto scroll will be used to shift the display s contents up to make room for a new line of text when the text reaches the scroll position set by the
20. he previous batteries and weigh 30 less while providing the syringe loader with the same amount of power The bottle holder assembly was re designed to make it more accessible and make the bottle insertion removal process more intuitive Instead of a top case approach in which the bottle 1s dropped into and lifted out of the case a hinge cover is now being used to provide access to the inside of the bottle holder assembly The process of changing bottles has been modeled after the same steps that are typically followed to change C or D size batteries This holding unit needs to interact with the syringe by having the needle puncture the bottle lid for insulin extraction To do this the insulin holder has been set onto tracks which it will move along to reach the syringe needle A small servo moves the bottle and holder as a unit towards the needle a short distance which varies depending upon the size of the needle Probably the biggest improvement to the syringe loader implemented in this third design 1s the syringe cartridge This 1s an internal extruded pentagon that holds up to five syringes in place for the user The cartridge holds one of five syringes to the motor for filling and then rotates to present the filled syringe to the user at a window on the side of the device Each syringe 1s held in place by a simple clip and two stabilizing prongs in one of five positions along the cartridge sides called bays since the cartridge has to
21. iameter and between 40 mm and 70 mm in height The bottle holder assembly is accessible to the user through a hinged cover on the back of the device s case The cover can be opened by pressing in on the catch in the center of its side and flipping it away from the case As the cover opens the foam rubber attached to the inside of the lid will be lifted away to expose the bottle area The bottle can then be slid backwards to compress the spring and result in the head of the bottle clearing the neck cone support structure Once clear of the neck the bottle can be lifted out of the holder assembly Bottle insertion would involve placing the bottle s bottom against the spring and compressing it positioning the bottle head into the neck cone releasing the bottle and closing the cover to the holder assembly This approach to bottle insertion and removal was modeled after the process that s typically followed to replace C or D size batteries 1n most electrical devices By basing the bottle replacement process on steps that are fairly well known it is hoped that most users will find the bottle holder assembly simple and easy to use Bottle Holder Cover Catch Foam Rubber Insulin 3 AN SACER MILLS Bottle i h X Figure 11 Bottle Holder Assembly Interior View Figure 12 Bottle Holder Assembly Closed 1 2 6 Insulin Bottle Movement To fill the syringe the insulin bottle will move towards it In previous designs the syri
22. ice similar to the previous intended touch screen keypad However this 1s much different than previous keypads being used because it 1s an external one whereas the previous were all contained in the touch screen monitor The voice output used for this design is the DoubleTalk RC8660 chipset This is a text to speech synthesizer that will receive text from the microprocessor and output speech through the use of a simple speaker Earlier designs called for voice input capabilities but this was deemed unnecessarily expensive given that many diabetes patients may have trouble using it Diabetes can cause voice tremors in patients and lower their ability to speak loud and clear The DoubleTalk chipset will make interaction with the device easy by converting text to speech and loudly presenting the user with clear instructions and information The use of the CXTAO2 tilt orientation sensor will determine the proper positioning of the syringe loading device The difference from previous designs 1s that this 1s a self contained device that connects to the circuit The sensor determines the magnitude of gravity parallel to the sensor element The microprocessor and the programming were also changed for design three The previous design utilized a CUBLOC microprocessor that was capable of running programs written in BASIC or Ladder Logic The BASIC programs utilized a serial processing method while the Ladder Logic programs used a parallel processing appr
23. ll stand up to sterilization techniques such as chemical washing or autoclaving 4 Impact of Engineering Solutions AS a growing number of diabetic cases occur due to various factors such as obesity and low physical activity on an individual s behalf a better design for syringe loading devices is vital As a growing population ages an additional increased risk of diabetes is present With the growing numbers of diabetes cases comes an increasing number of people with disabilities These disabilities can greatly inhibit a person s ability to properly inject themselves with the correct amount of insulin Without the correct amounts a person s health deteriorates and can lead to greater risks and dangers There are many great consequences if a diabetes patient does not properly take care of their condition Strokes blindness heart disease kidney failure amputation and nerve damage are all possible effects caused by diabetes if untreated or not treated properly With the use of the syringe loading device diabetes patients will find their condition more easily controlled with a device contributes to great accuracy and simplicity By incorporating various languages into the device it will be able to be used on a global level The simple to use design will appeal to large numbers of people from different backgrounds The same features intended for users with disabilities can also be utilized by patients who may be unfamiliar with technolo
24. low the same steps as the Load Syringes selection d All syringe bays on the cartridge will have sensors to detect the presence of syringes e The device will check the sensors and any bay that does not have a syringe will rotate to the user window starting with a default bay called syringe bay 1 and progressing in one direction from this initial bay to syringe bays 2 thru 5 f After lining up the plunger grip of the device with the plunger handle of the syringe and the syringe supports of the device with the syringe handle the user pushes the syringe into the bay until the grips snap onto the cylinder of the syringe Once the user has placed a syringe into a previously empty bay they press the OK button on the screen or any equivalent button to be later selected and the cartridge turns to the next empty bay g This continues until all bays are full OR the user presses finish button or any equivalent button to be selected later 2 To load a The user turns the device on and selects the Load Syringe option b The device checks the syringe bays to make sure a syringe 1s available c Useris prompted by the device to input the desired amount of insulin d The device displays and speaks the volume selected by the user and prompts the user to decide if the amount displayed is correct 1 If yes the device proceeds to step 2e il Ifno the device returns to step 2c e The current insulin bottle 1s checked
25. making it easier for the patient to understand what 1s being said The device is intended to be portable This requires a minimum battery life to be implemented so the user does not come into a dilemma that may cause their health to be in jeopardy The device must therefore have rechargeable or easy replaceable batteries that allow a longer life of the device and an increase of portability The size of the device 1s a consideration for reasons pertaining to portability and to ensure that the user will not feel the device 1s a nuisance The self contained device should be as lightweight as possible since some of the users do not have great strength For active users the device should not hinder other aspects of life such as carrying young children and objects By putting the device intended to be the size of a briefcase in a bag that can be worn on the shoulder across the chest or even in a backpack fashion the user will be able to select their choice of style and what 1s most comfortable to them The device should be protected in the case in the event that the device drops to the ground or is shaken around The layout of the internal casing will be designed in such a way that every component is affixed to the case and protected The layout will also be maximized so the case 1s not larger then it absolutely must be 3 Safety Issues Accuracy and durability of sensors is a main safety issue for the automated syringe loading device Without
26. nge moved to the insulin bottle but this would have been difficult with the addition of the syringe cartridge so the simpler action of moving the small bottle holder was chosen for this design To accomplish this action the holder will be made with small groves along the bottom which will slide along tracks laid in the device case A servo will move the holder along these tracks to and from the syringe needle After the user has placed an insulin bottle in the holder the user pushes the holder back into the device As the holder slides inside a hook on the servo arm catches the holder by a small loop attached to the bottom When the device 1s ready to load a syringe the servo lowers the arm and the bottle holder slides along the tracks A sensor on the syringe holder will tell if the syringe is 7 or Icc and the servo will move the holder a distance determined by this size A larger syringe will require that the bottle move a shorter distance than a smaller syringe will as seen in Fig 13 The 7 cc syringe needs the bottle to move a longer distance AXa The 1 cc syringe needs the bottle to move a shorter distance AXb Sensors on the syringe bay seen as blue squares in Fig 13 tell the device that a syringe 1s present and the size The servo chosen for this task is the Futaba S9252 All Purpose Servo This selection will provide the necessary power required to move and hold the insulin bottle without drawing too much power or adding too much
27. nt The output of the tilt sensor will be an offset voltage plus the voltage response proportional to the amount of gravity measured by the sensor For angles less than 20 a linear relation between Vout and the tilt angle in radians can be approximated To accurately measure the tilt angle the angle Eg 1 is evaluated for 0 b 180 e ZeroAngle vo T sensitivity Equation 1 Tilt Angle Equation To solve for Eq 1 6 can be set to zero and therefore the device will be properly orientated when Vou Zero Angle Voltage The Zero Angle Velocity will be calibrated before use Color Function 1 Red Power 2 Black Ground 3 White Pitch Yellow Rall 5 Green lemp Figure 7 Pin Diagram for CXTA02 By properly connecting the CXTA0O2 to the microprocessor board the information can complete the circuit and the loading process can begin 1 2 4 Microprocessor Microchip s PIC24FJ128GA006 Microchip s PIC24FJ128GA006 was selected as the microprocessor to use for the current design of the syringe loading device Below is a list of the microprocessor s main features see Table 1 Following the table 1s a diagram of the microprocessor s pin layout see Fig 8 Up to 16 MIPS at 32 Speed MHz Flash Program Memory Retention Programming Languages Parallel Master Slave Port Serial Port Interface Modules UART Modules Inter Integrated Circuit Modules 10 bit Analog to Digital Converter 16 Channels Comparator Modules
28. oach The PIC24FJ128GA 006 microprocessor that is being considered in this design will be able to run programs written in C or assembly code The processing flow will be mainly serial in natural the use of hardware interrupts however will allow programs to react to changes in sensors key presses etc as they occur In the previous design a separate clock calendar chip was needed to provide the device with the date time information that was required when storing syringe dosage data Since the PIC24 microprocessor has a built in Real Time Clock Calendar module which can provide this information this chip 1s no longer needed The current microprocessor has less total memory than the CUBLOC processor 128Kb vs 200Kb but that shouldn t be an issue Unused memory on the DoubleTalk sound synthesizer chip can be accessed and used by the microprocessor to store additional data Both the CUBLOC and the PIC24 microprocessors can interact with external devices using parallel port and serial port communication The PIC24 also has two Inter Integrated Circuit modules C which can be used for communicating with other device components since the energy needs have changed the power supply for the device was changed from several large battery packs to a few small rechargeable batteries The previous device s design used relatively bulky and heavy rechargeable batteries The Li Fe PO4 batteries used in the current design take up approximately 40 less space than t
29. oint of Contact Screw Between Gears N Gear Collar A joins motor shaft to the screw Jj Potentiometer Motor Spacer Figure 17 The Motor Potentiometer and Plunger Grip SSS mw SAN L x NJ Wires Out rv The servo will push the motor assembly to the syringe then pull it away when filling is complete Figure 18 The Plunger Motor on Tracks The motor selected is the Applied Motion size 23 Stepper Motor 4023 819 and the potentiometer chosen 1s the MW 22 Wirewound Precision Multi Turn Potentiometer 1 2 9 The Case The case was designed to fit around all of the devices components The positions of these A ON vA components are seen in Fig 19 Insulin Bottle Movement E HW Cartridge E UNI Motor Case Movement Figure 19 Parts Layout Considering the positions and motions of these components the case seen in Figure 20 was designed Display Keyboard Figure 20 The Case The case will consist of a plastic outer shell where the keyboard and display will be mounted On the back the door for the insulin holder will appear and the plug for the battery charger will be at the bottom of the rear side The hump on the right side of the case encloses the syringe cartridge Under the hump there 1s a hole for the extended syringe handle The slit that extends the length of the bump is the window through which
30. okes are first routed through the microcontroller before displaying on the GLK12232 25 WBL The keypad connector will be wired with columns on one side and rows on the other side of the connector They keypad will be directly connected to the PIC24 chip Figure 4 Pin Layout of Customizable Keys 1 2 3 Text to Speech Output DoubleTalk The DoubleTalk chip RC8660 by RC Systems will be used as a voice synthesizer This component is required by the design because the device must be able to read input prompts input values and verification prompts The DoubleTalk chip 1s a text to speech processor that translates pain English into speech in real time The chip does not require a PC or high powered processor to work DoubleTalk RC8660 requires 4 mA of operating current at 3 7 V to run and as little as 0 7 uA when not in use The RC8660 s audio output would be in analog format for simple instructions and questions for the user of the device to answer by keypad Commands for the DoubleTalk RC8660 will be selected based on user disabilities that are using the syringe loading device The speech rate will be adjusted to a rate between slow and medium most likely 2 or 3S where OS is the slowest rate 13S the fastest and 5S being default The one voice chosen of the available 11 to speak the text instructed by the microprocessor will be one that has a favorable pitch and tone An audible reminder option can also be selected to sound every ten minutes r
31. ose Cancelled Yes No Syringe Present Prompt for Syringe Dose Cancelled Yes Chart 3 Menu Flowchart Part 3 Operate Syringe Motor to Remove Syringe from the Bottle and Present it to User Get Data from Orientation Sensor Double Check Device Vertical for User Device is Vertical Yes Prompt User to Orient Device Vertically Operate Servo to Remove Bottle from Syringe Needle y Operate Syringe Motor to Insert Syringe in Bottle Operate Servo to Remove Plunger Motor Claw from Syringe Dose Cancelled Y Rotate the Syringe Cartridge to Present Syringe to User Syringe Inserted in Bottle Main Menu Prompt User to Take Loaded Syringe Operate Servo to Move the Bottle to Syringe Needle Ask if Load Dosage was Successful Operate Servo to Grip Syringe Plunger Head Y Calculate Distance to Move Syringe Ask if Insulin was Plunger Drawn from the Bottle Yes Operate Plunger Motor Store Dose Amount and Date Time Information Plunger Distance Reached Adjust Remaining Bottle Amount Main Menu Chart 4 Menu Flowchart Part 4 Chart 5 Menu Flowchart Part 5 1 2 5 Batteries Charger The 32v Smart Charger The components for
32. ssor The different selections incorporated into the speech output will continue aid the team in learning about the various disabilities diabetes patients encounter and a way to assist them in greater places than just the syringe loading device 6 References 1 GLK12232 25 WBL Technical Manual Matrix Orbital lt http beta octopart com Matrix Orbital GLK12232 25 WBL pdf gt 2 4x4 KEYPAD COMFILE Technology lt http cubloc com product 04 03keypad4x4 php gt 3 DoubleTalk RC8660 Voice Synthesizer Chipset RC Systems lt http www rcsys com Downloads rc8660 pdf gt 4 Tilt Sensors Solid State Analog Series Xbow com lt http Www xbow com Products Product pdf files Tilt pdf CXTA Datasheet pd gt 5 PIC24FJ128GA010 Family Data Sheet Microchip Technology Inc lt ww microchip com downloads en DeviceDoc 39747d pdf gt 6 Section 12 I O Ports with Peripheral Pin Select Microchip Technology Inc lt ww microchip com downloads en DeviceDoc 39711b pdf gt 7 Section 23 Serial Peripheral Interface Microchip Technology Inc lt ww microchip com downloads en DeviceDoc 39699b pdf gt 8 Section 24 Inter Integrated Circuit Microchip Technology Inc lt ww microchip com downloads en DeviceDoc 39702a pdf gt 9 Microchip Application Maestro Software User s Guide Microchip Technology Inc lt ww1 microchip com downloads en DeviceDoc 51328a pdf gt 1
33. t moves as well This motion moves the syringe plunger when the claw and plunger are together The simultaneously rotation potentiometer increases in resistance as it turns which is used in a computer program to determine the distance traveled by the plunger First the potentiometer is hooked up to an inverting amplifier like the one shown below in Fig 16 Using the equation of gain for inverting amps eut f U Vin CR Equation 2 Gain of an Inverting Amplifier and by locating a potentiometer at the position Rf changes the output voltage of the circuit As the motor turns the potentiometer s resistance value increases and the output voltage increases This output voltage 1s sent to the computer to be compared to the voltage coming from the digital potentiometer described in section 1 2 4 Figure 16 The Inverting Amplifier To load the syringe the cartridge rotates the selected syringe bay below the insulin bottle and in line with the plunger claw After the insulin bottle has been lowered to the syringe needle the plunger claw then moves to the syringe plunger and pulls it down To get the plunger claw and the motor and potentiometer that are attached to it in place a servo moves them along tracks in the case The set up is seen in Figures 17 and 18 The servo is the same Futaba All Purpose Servo as the one used to move the insulin bottle STL 1 z N Bracket Plunger Claw N P
34. the automated syringe loader will be powered by Li Fe PO4 rechargeable batteries In adding together the voltage needed for the various electrical components it was determined that the device would require approximately 30v of power To meet this energy need 10 Li Fe PO4 rechargeable batteries each capable of providing 3 2v will be bundled together into a battery pack The 32v Smart Charger for Li Fe PO4 battery packs from BatterySpace com will be used to re charge the batteries when the user is near an electrical outlet A charging interface port will be incorporated into the syringe loader s case so that the user will not need to directly handle the battery pack when charging the device a Figure 9 Li Fe PO4 Rechargeable Battery 3 2v Figure 10 32v Smart Charger for Li Fe PO4 Battery Packs 1 2 6 Bottle Holder This component needs to securely hold a bottle in a vertical position while a syringe extracts insulin from it In order to accommodate a wide variety of bottle sizes and shapes foam rubber will be used to grip and support the sides of the bottle see Fig 11 A spring will be used to apply pressure to the bottle s bottom to ensure it 1s flush with the syringe needle port The head of the bottle will be supported by a neck cone which will assist 1n centering the bottle s opening over the syringe needle port The completed bottle holder assembly should be able to accomidate bottles that are between 12 mm to 40 mm in d
35. ties and allow the user to receive the benefits intended by the design The design of the project is meant to appeal to everyone regardless of their familiarly of technology The intended design will allow various patients with disabilities to use the device in a similar fashion as any other non disabled diabetes user The simple user instructions will deliver an accurate dosing of insulin to all users 5 Life Long Learning With greater knowledge of components that can be used to assist the designing of the syringe loading device the team is able to explore greater opportunities to further assist diabetes patients with disabilities Devices that currently also help with disabilities can be modified to fit this application appropriately by using the lessons taught in the designing of the device Through researching the different components for the device many new techniques in designing abilities were encountered By using a different display that does not contain an incorporated microprocessor the team was able to explore greater programming languages and to learn and understand how to use the current design to implement the correct steps into the program By using a programmable keypad different opportunities can be explored to decide on what is the best method to go by for appealing to an overall population The text to speech synthesizer has been able to teach the team members a new way of communicating to the user by use of the microproce
36. weight Figure 13 Syringe and Bottle Action 1 2 7 Syringe Cartridge The syringe cartridge is the biggest change seen in this design It is an extruded pentagon with each side containing a syringe bay Each of these bays has two sensors a syringe clip and two syringe stabilizers see Fig 14 The first sensor is used to detect the presence of a syringe If the sensor does not detect a syringe the device knows that bay to be empty When loading is about to occur the device will cycle through the syringe bays until a syringe is located for filling When the user wishes to add more syringes to the cartridge the device will present the empty bays to the user The second sensor detects the size of the syringe When a 2 cc syringe is in a bay it does not depress the second sensor A Icc syringe however will depress the second sensor This information is used to tell the servo that moves the insulin bottle how far to travel When the device is ready to load it will move the syringe bay in position below the insulin bottle then lower the bottle the required distance This information is also used when the user inputs the dosage amount they require If the syringe in the bay is too small to hold the requested dosage the device will search the bays for a larger syringe Syring Clip Foam Sensor 2 Sensor 1 Figure 14 The Syringe Bay The cartridge was designed with a stepper motor located in the middle see Fig 15 This allows
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