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1. tlasses Gr Now look at the Object Inspector you l see this S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD SS Timer S Properties Events Enabled True Interval 1000 Name Timer Tag 0 The interval means how many seconds eg you should wait or something like that 1000 means 1 second So if you type 5000 it means 5 seconds get it good Now try to type 10000 in the interval box And double click on the TTimer you just added Now the code will show In the code try to add this Code Showmessage You just created your first application with TTimer After 10 seconds a pop up will appear This means you created your first application with TTimer 4 13 Open Dialog Component Navigation Using ET RAD gt Open Dialog Component Description The Open Dialog is a visual component imported from It is used to allow a user to select one or more files to open It can be defined by dragging the open dialog icon from the Dialogs tab in ET or by defining a TOpenDialog variable The TOpenDialog can be configured to suit your needs When using it you would proceed along the following steps Creating the dialog object You define a TOpenDialog variable and then assign a new TOpenDialog object to it var openDialog TOpenDialog begin openDialog TOpenDialog Create self Note that the dialog must have an anchor here we provide the current object self as the anchor S T A DATA srl ET RAD use
2. Dichiarazione interfacce A REEEECEE EEEE EEN function selectDirectory dirStart string String external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_selectDirectory function listFileFromDirectory normativa string dirStart string mask string TstringList external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3Muri_list FileFromDirectory function OpenOP boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_OpenOP function CloseOP boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_CloseOP RFR RR RR ARR A OO OR 2 OR OR OR ER OE OR OK OK KE S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 1 scrittura risultati 3K K OK OK OK OK OK K K K K OK OK OK OK K OK OK K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK function openTxtFile nometxtFile string boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_openTxtFile function closeTxtFile nometxtFile string boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_closeTxtFile function writeRowT xtFile nometxtFile string boolean extemal E Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_writeRowT xtFile function openXlsFile nomexXIsFile string boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_openxXlsFile function saveCloseXIsFile nomeXIsFile string boolean extemal IC Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_closeXlsFile
3. ER ET RAD user manual OnEnter got focus OnExit lost focus the event will be ignored by your application To see a list of events a component can react on select a component and in the Object Inspector activate the Events tab To really create an event handling procedure decide on what event you want your component to react and double click the event name For example select the Button1 component and double click the OnClick event name Delphi will bring the Code Editor to the top of the screen and the skeleton code for the OnClick event will be created Note For the moment there is no need to understand what all the words in the above code stand for Just follow along we ll explain all that in the following chapters As you will understand more clearly through this course a procedure must have a unique name within the form The above procedure Delphi component event driven procedure is named for you The name consists of the name of the form prefixed with T TForm a full stop the component name Buttoni and the event name Click For any component there is a set of events that you could create event handlers for Just creating an event handler does not guarantee your application will do something on the event you must write some event handling code in the body of the procedure A few words on Delphi Object Pascal The code you write inside event procedures is Pascal code Object Pascal or Delphi Pas
4. Move the pointer in a binary file to a new record position Skip to the end of the current line or file Skip to the end of the current line or file Display a dialog to allow user selection of a directory Change the current directory Defines a file as a text file Declares a file type for storing lines of text Truncates a file size removes all data after the current position Record used to hold data for FindFirst and FindNext S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 25 2 6 Integer and floating point numbers Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Integer and floating point numbers The different number types in Pascal Pascal provides many different data types for storing numbers Your choice depends on the data you want to handle In general smaller number capacities mean smaller variable sizes and faster calculations Ideally you should use a type that comfortably copes with all possible values of the data it will store For example a Byte type can comfortably hold the age of a person no one to date has lived as long as 255 years With decimal numbers the smaller capacity types also have less precision Less numbers of significant digits Let us look at the different types Type Storage size Range Byte 10 to 255 ShortInt 1 127 to 127 Word 2 0 to 65 535 SmallInt 2 32 768 to 32 767 LongWord 4 0 to 4 294 967 295 Cardinal 4 0 to 4 294 967 295 Longint 4 2 147 483 648 to 2 147 483 647
5. The palette with all components available is shown above the design form Standard Additional Win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart Std samples richView Data Controls Data Access DbGo Aramea HBO These components allow to design you application with many features Each component has a set of properties such as color size position caption that can be modified in the Delphi IDE or in your code and a collection of events such as a mouse click keypress or component activation for which you can specify some additional behavior in event procedures Adding components to the form To place a component on the form click once on the desired component on the toolbar Then move the mouse cursor over to the Form and click on the Form where you want the component to be Repeat the same procedure with the rest of the components you wish to use Of course you may want a component to be smaller or larger than the default size To change the dimensions of the component simply stretch it using the mouse in a way you deform any standard window Take a moment to see that Height and Width property of that controls changes in the Object Inspector To move a component to a different location simply select a component click on it and drag it to its new location Again you are changing properties Left Top If you would like to cancel a design time drag operation you ve already begun do the following after you ve begun
6. TDateTime variables begin date1 Yesterday Set to the start of yesterday date2 Date Set to the start of the current day date3 Tomorrow Set to the start of tomorrow date4 Now Set to the current day and time end Note the start of the day is often called midnight in Pascal documentation but this is misleading since it would be midnight of the wrong day Some named date values Pascal provides some useful day and month names saving you the tedium of defining them in your own code Here they are Short and long month names Note that these month name arrays start with index al var month Integer begin for month 1 to 12 do Display the short and long month names begin ShowMessage ShortMonthNames month ShowMessage LongMonthNames month end end The ShowMessage routine display the following information S T A DATA srl a ET RAD user manual Jan January Feb February Mar March Apr April May May Jun June Jul July Aug August Sep September Oct October Nov November Dec December Short and long day names It is important to note that these day arrays start with index 1 Sunday This is not a good standard it is not ISO 8601 compliant so be careful when using with ISO 8601 compliant routines such as DayOfTheWeek The ShowMessage routine display the following information Sun Sunday Mon Monday Tue Tuesday Wed Wednesday Thu Thursday Fri
7. dd mmm yyyy TimeAMString AM TimePMString PM ShortTimeFormat hh mm LongTimeFormat hh mm ss ShortMonthNames Jan Feb S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview LongMonthNames January February ShortDayNames Sun Mon LongDayNames Sunday Monday TwoDigitY earCenturyWindow 50 2 12 DataBase Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt DataBase Component Purpose TDataSource Acts as a conduit between a TTable TQuery TStoredProc component and data aware components such as TDBGrid TTable Retrieves data from a database table via the BDE and supplies it to one or more dataaware components through a TDataSource component Sends data received froma component to a database via the BDE TQuery Uses SQL statements to retrieve data froma database table via the BDE and supplies it to one or more data aware components through a TDataSource component or uses SQL statements to send data from a component to a database via the BDE Four data access components deserve special mention Most forms provide a link to a database with a TTable or TQuery component or through a user defined component based on the normally hidden abstract class TDataSet of which TTable and TQuery are descendents Other forms provide a link to a database with TStoredProc also a descendent of TDataSet In turn all forms must provide a TDataSource component to link a TTable TQuery or TStoredProc component to data control component
8. gt gt lt gt in is Here are some examples of expressions X 1 5 44 Objec t Pas cal Language Guide Done lt gt Error I lt J J lt k C in Huei Operators Operators are classified as arithmetic operators logical operators string operators character pointer operators set operators relational operators and the operator Arithmetic operators The following tables show the types of operands and results for binary and unary arithmetic operations Table 5 2 Binary arithmetic operations Operator Operation Operand types Result type addition integer type integer type real type real type subtraction integer type integer type real type real type multiplication integer type integer type real type real type division integer type real type real type real type div integer division integer type integer type mod remainder integer type integer type The operator is also used as a string or set operator and the and operators are also used as set operators Table 5 3 Unary arithmetic operations Operator Operation Operand types Result type sign identity integer type integer type real type real type sign negation integer type integer type real type real type S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 21 Any operand whose type is a subrange of an ordinal type is treated as if it were of the ordinal type If both operands of a div or mod operator are of an integer type
9. 129 Code Design Feature details Integrated Development Environment IDE allow creating script projects at runtime with multiple cross language scripts Basic and Pascal and forms Visual form designer and Object inspector at runtime Integrated and automatic debugging system in the IDE including breakpoints watch viewer trace into libraries etc Component palette in both Delphi 7 and Delphi 2007 styles Integrated syntax highlight memo with automatic code completion Separated components to build your own custom IDE Delphi 2007 like filtering system in Tool Palette Helper dialogs in IDE like Alignment Size Designer options among others Events in IDE components allow saving loading scripts and forms to from database Run time Pascal or Basic language interpreter Cross language scripter component allows calls to Basic scripts from Pascal scripts and vice versa Ability to load Delphi dfm forms and run them Access any Delphi object in scripts including properties and methods Supports try except and try finally blocks in script Allows reading writing of Delphi variables and constants in script Allows access reading writing script variables from Delphi code You can build from Delphi code your own classes with properties and methods to be used in script Most of Delphi system procedures conversion date formatting string manipulation are already included IntToStr FormatDateTime Copy Delete
10. Friday S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview Sat Saturday Date and time calculations The largest benefit of TDateTime is the range of calculations Pascal can do for you These can be found on the Pascal Basics home page in the Dates and Times Calculations option In the following examples click on the name to learn more DayOfTheMonth Gives the day of month index for a TDateTime value DaysBetween Gives the whole number of days between 2 dates DaysInAMonth Gives the number of days in a month DaysInAYear Gives the number of days in a year DecodeDate Extracts the year month day values from a TDateTime var EncodeDate Build a TDateTime value from year month and day values IncDay Increments a TDateTime variable by or number of days IsLeapYear Returns true if a given calendar year is a leap year MinsPerDay Gives the number of minutes in a day Displaying date and time values There are a number of routines that convert date and or time values to strings for display or file storage purposes such as dateTimeToStr and TimeToString But the most important is the FormatDateTime It provides comprehensive formatting control as illustrated by the following examples Using default formatting options var myDate TDateTime begin Set up our TDateTime variable with a full date and time 09 02 2000 at 05 06 07 008 008 milli seconds myDate EncodeDateTime 2000 2 9 5 6 7 8 Date only numeric values
11. When the user opens the dialog you can set the default color on the Object Inspector using the Color property You can also set this color programmatically as follows procedure TForm1 btnColorClick Sender TObject var Dlg TColorDialog begin Dig TColorDialog Create Form1 Dig Color clRed end When the user has finished using the Color dialog box and clicks OK you can find out what color was selected by using the TColorDialog Color property The Size of the Dialog Box You can control the regular or full size of the dialog using the Options property property Options TColorDialogOptions read FOptions write FOptions At design time to manipulate the options on the Object Inspector click the button on the Options field to expand it Since the options are controlled by the TColorDialogOption is a set you can specify as many options as you want procedure TForm1 btnColorClick Sender TObject var Dlg TColorDialog begin Dig TColorDialog Create Form1 Dig Color clRed Dig Options cdFullOpen cdAnyColor end S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD ER 4 17 Print Dialog Component Navigation Using ET RAD gt Print Dialog Component The Print Dialog Component is used to create a printer selection and print control dialog Before printing from your application it is wise to display a print dialog This allows the user to select the desired printer and attributes along with control over how the documen
12. function writeCellXlsFile cRow integer cCol integer valueCell string boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_writeCellXlIsFile function defineSheetXIsFile sheet integer boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_defineSheetXlsFile function deleteUnusedSheet sheet List string boolean external Ci Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_deleteUnusedSheet function showXLSFile NomeFile string boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_MostraFile KK K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK K Generale 3K K K OK OK OK OK K OK K K OK OK OK OK K OK OK K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK function LoadModel nomeFileModel widestring nomeFiletxt widestring boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_LoadModel function TypeAnalysis integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_TypeAnalysis function TotStep integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotStep function FirstElement tipologia byte integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_FirstElement function ElementT ype numElement integer integer external IC Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ElementT ype K K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK OK
13. object Editi T Edit Left 45 Top 32 Width 121 Height 21 TabOrder 0 end object Button TButton Left 173 Top 29 Width 75 Height 25 Caption Hello Default True TabOrder 1 end object Button2 TButton Left 173 Top 88 Width 75 Height 25 Caption TodayDate Default True TabOrder 2 end object edtDate TEdit S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD Left 48 Top 90 Width 105 Height 21 TabOrder 3 end end 4 4 Script Structure Navigation Using ET RAD gt Script Structure Script structure is made of two major blocks a procedure and function declarations and b main block Both are optional but at least one should be present in script There is no need for main block to be inside begin end It could be a single statement Some examples SCRIPT 1 procedure DoSomething begin CallSomething end begin CallSomethingElse end SCRIPT 2 begin CallSom ethingElse end SCRIPT 3 function MyFunction begin result Ok end SCRIPT 4 CallSom ethingElse Like in pascal statements should be terminated by character Begin end blocks are allowed to group statements S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual 4 5 ET RAD Environment Navigation Using ET RAD gt ET RAD Environment ET RAD has two environment Code and Design in Code you can write pascal code for your application in Design you can design your own form with desired components
14. Dimensione 107 byte Ultima modifica 24 10 2011 11 34 Nome file Scripter Studio project Cem D L e TI zm e OnMouseActivate OnMouseDown OnMouseEnter OnMouseLeave OnMouseMove Appears the Rad Application Device ready to start appears the code of Unit1 caller this code must not be modified is the Main form S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD ECH _ Standard additional win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart Std samples richview Data Controls Data Access DbGo JJI agsgare er S Uniti Unit2 1 pses 2 Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs Unit2 3 4 var 5 MainForm TForm2 6 begin 7 MainForm TForm2 Create Application 8 MainForn Show 9 jend Code Click on Unit2 J Piano ET ox File Project Tools Component About Delal ane Hix alol gt Ur Ton d a Properties Events __ Standard additional Win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart Std samples richView Data Controls Data Access DbGo H EF manen C Fomr Tsaron TR E Sagar e A Action z SL TPopupmenu ActiveControl Get A Mabe Align alNone Gs F Di AlignWithMargins False E ee Jatt TEdit AlphaBlend False t AlphaBlendValue 255 E Memo Banz ekLeft akTop AutoScroll
15. Edit controls are used to retrieve text that users type TButton use this component to put a standard push button on a form Using drag and drop to rearrange the components to appear on a form similar to l Form1 JD x Changing Component Properties After you place components on a form you can set their properties with the Object Inspector The properties are different for each type of component some properties apply to most components Altering a component property changes the way a component behaves and appears in an application All the components have a property called Name The Name property is very important it specifies the name of the component as referenced in code When you first place a component on a form Delphi will provide a default name for the component Labeli Edit1 Buttoni I suggest you to give your components a meaningful name before writing the code that refers to them You can do this by changing the value of the Name property in the Object Inspector Note with the last statement in mind I ll do the opposite In most cases I ll leave al the default component names through this Course just as they appear when you place them on a form To actually change a component property you first need to activate it click it to select it small square handles appear at each corner and in the middle of each side Another way to select a component is to click its name in the drop down list that appears at th
16. False ME TButton AutoSize Faise H K BiDiMode bdLeftToRight R TCheckBox iBordericons _ biSystemMenu biMinimiz gt EEA BorderStyle bsSizeable i oie BorderWidth 9 I Su age E Caption Formi CientHeight 204 f E tcombotox Glientwidth 304 E SS Color DaBtnFace kee _ TGroupBox Constraints _ TSizeConstraints oa True Ke Cursor crDefauit CustomHint DefaultMonitor _ dmActiveForm a Docksite Fase F mmen DoubleBuffered False d DragKind dkDrag al Lesser DragMode dmManual K Tmaskedit Enabled True Font TFont Ed image FormStyle fsNormal 3 EGlassFrame TGlassFrame D E shape Height 240 HelpContext 0 L Teevel HelpFile Ce LC Helpke word JA TstaticText HelpType htContext rie Hint i HorzScrollBar TControlScrollBar EB tstingcrd Icon None Code Design Piano ET We can now start adding components to a form Activate the only form in a project point to the Component palette and select the Standard tab We will add three S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual standard Windows components and write some example code to see how components work together Component Palette Standard Additional win32 Sustem Data Access Data 41 TLabel TEdit TButton Double click the following three components TLabel use this component when you want to add some text to a form that the user can t edit TEdit standard Windows edit control
17. Integer 4 2 147 483 648 to 2 147 483 647 Int64 8 9 223 372 036 854 775 808 to 9 223 372 036 854 775 807 Single 4 7 significant digits exponent 38 to 38 Currency 8 50 significant digits fixed 4 decimal places Double 8 15 significant digits exponent 308 to 308 Extended 10 19 significant digits exponent 4932 to 4932 Note the Integer and Cardinal types are both 4 bytes in size at present Pascal release 7 but are not guaranteed to be this size in the future All other type sizes are guaranteed Assigning to and from number variables Number variables can be assigned from constants other numeric variables and expressions S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual Salary RICH Assign froma predefined constant Expenses 12345 67 Assign froma literal constant TakeHome Salary Assign from another variable TakeHome TakeHome Expenses Assign from an expression end Age is set to 23 Books is set to 345 Salary is set to 100000 00 Expenses is set to 12345 67 TakeHome is set to 87654 33 Numerical operators Number calculations or expressions have a number of primitive operators available Add one number to another Subtract one number from another Multiply two numbers Divide one decimal number by another div Divide one integer number by another mod Remainder from dividing one integer by another When using these multiple operators in one expression you should us
18. Scripter Studio project Cen L e IL mp see for more informations Save Script Project S T A DATA srl Properties Events RAD gt Script Demos hello gt selte Cerca og RE Ge Organizza v gaa Visualizza ff Nuova cartella Collegamenti preferiti Nome Ultima modifica E Documenti i history 3 HelloWorld ssproj aa El Risorse recenti Tipo File SSPROJ OnCloseQuery Nees Geen 107 byte OnConstrained Altro OnContextPopup OnCreate Cartelle OnDbIClick dE 3MuriStampe H OnDeactivate bb Analisi Carichi Geer d Cerchiature FRP OnD SE B Demos OnDragDrop A Access3Mreader D OnDragOver J db a OnEndDock hello OnGetSiteInfo Bb history oe E enake z OnHide OnKeyDown Nome file OnKeyPress OnKeyUp OnMouseActivate OnMouseDown OnMouseEnter OnMouseLeave OnMouseMove e ET RAD user manual 4 3 Save Script Project Navigation Using ET RAD gt Save Script Project Save Script Project a Script project is basically composed by 4 files we can explore for example Hello Sample project HelloWorld ssproj This is the main project files containing all references Developer must not modify this file managed in toto by ET Files File1 MainUnit psc Language1 0 File2 fHello psc Language2 0 FileCount 2 MainUnit MainUnit MainUnit psc This unit is a pascal unit and we can consider it as the launcher of the main form Developer must not modify this file managed in toto by ET us
19. System32 xmlReportDIl dll name GetXMLText function ChiudiDictionary boolean external C Windows System32 xmlReportDIl dll name CloseDictionary K K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK K OK K Fine dichiarazione interfacce 3K K K OK OK OK OK K K K K OK OK OK OK K OK K K K K OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK 4 19 2 Read 3Muri dataBase Access Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt Read 3Muri dataBase Access for reading Access database you have to add 2 component in the form 1 TAdoCommection 2 TAdoQuery both components are in DbGo Palette S T A DATA srl 1 ET RAD user manual in this sample the property name of TAdoCommection is ADO3MuriConn in this sample the property name of TAdoQuery is Q3Muri in the onShow event on Main Form connect to 3Muri DB Access dbNameToOpen c programmi if not connectDB dbNameToOpen 1 then begin screen cursor crDefault showmessage Errore di connessione DB gt gt dbNameToOpen exit end Suppose now you wants read fldStato field from tbIDatiGenerali table procedure readStatofromDB Sender TObject var IDStato integer begin open tblDatiGenerali table TableName tbIDatiGenerali Q3Muri close Q3Muri SQL Clear Q3Muri SQL Text SELECT FROM TableName J Q3Muri open if not Q3Muri eof then Q3Muri first begin AField Q3Muri FieldByName fldSta
20. TstringList create LoopCount 1 TmpBuf repeat if StrBuf LoopCount Delimiter then begin MyStrList Add T mpBuf S T A DATA srl 112 ET RAD user manual TmpBuf end else TmpBuf TmpBuf StrBuf LoopCount inc LoopCount until LoopCount gt Length StrBuf MyStrList Add TmpBuf Result MyStrList end 4 19 7 DataSet Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt DataSet ET included TClientDataset component as a database independent engine Maybe you need some temporary dataset So I show how to use TClientDataset in such mode on small sample 1 you must create a TClientDataset instance You may do it in design time simply drop a component on form or in run time for example in OnCreate event of your form table TClientDataset Create Application 2 you must add the field defintions table FieldDefs Add ID ftInteger 0 False table FieldDefs Add Status ftString 10 False table FieldDefs Add Created ftDate 0 False table FieldDefs Add Volume ftFloat 0 False 3 create a dataset with specified structure table CreateDataset 4 open a dataset table Open 5 it s all Now you may add edit delete records change an order sort and any another action that is available for any dataset For example to add random values to records fori 1 to 100 do begin table Append table FieldByName ID AsInteger i table FieldByName Status AsStri
21. action procedure DolIt A Integer begin A A 2 ShowMessageFmt A in the procedure d A end procedure TFormi FormCreate Sender TObject var A Integer begin A 22 ShowMessageFmt A in program before call d A Call the procedure DoIt A ShowMessageFmt A in program now d A end The procedure is passed A updates it and displays it The caller then displays the A that it passed to the procedure It is unchanged The procedure sees this A as if it were defined as a local variable Like local variables when the procedure ends their value is lost Passing data by reference The default was of passing data is by what is called by value Literally the parameter value is passed to the subroutine argument reference to the argument is then to this copy of the variable value Passing by reference means that the subroutine actually refers to the passed variable rather than its value Any changes to the value will affect the caller variable We declare a variable to be passed by reference with the var prefix Rewriting the above code to use by reference changes matters procedure Dolt Var A Integer begin A 2 ShowMessageFmt A in the procedure d A end procedure TFormi FormCreate Sender TObject var A Integer begin A 22 ShowMessageFmt A in program before call d A S T A DATA srl 4 ET RAD user manual Call the procedure DoIt A
22. begin Create a printer selection dialog printDialog TPrintDialog Create Form1 Set up print dialog options printDialog MinPage 1 First allowed page number printDialog MaxPage TOTAL_PAGES Highest allowed page number printDialog ToPage TOTAL_PAGES 1 to ToPage page range allowed printDialog Options poPageNums Allow page range selection If the user has selected a printer or default then print if printDialog Execute then begin Use the Printer function to get access to the global TPrinter object Set to landscape orientation Printer Orientation poLandscape Set the printjob title as it it appears in the print job manager Printer Title Test print for Delphi Set the number of copies to print each page This is crude it doies not take Collation into account Printer Copies printDialog Copies Start printing Printer BeginDoc Finish printing Printer EndDoc end end S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 4 18 Learn about properties events and ET RAD Navigation Using ET RAD gt Learn about properties events and ET RAD Changing Component Properties After you place components on a form you can set their properties with the Object Inspector The properties are different for each type of component some properties apply to most components Altering a component property changes the way a component behaves and appears in an application All the compon
23. it you should find out if she clicked OK or Cancel before applying her changes This inquiry is usually performed with an if conditional statement as follows procedure TForm1 btnFontClick Sender TObject var dlgFont FontDialog begin S T A DATA srl 2 ET RAD user manual digFont TFontDialog Create Form1 if dlgFont Execute then What to do if the user clicked OK end The Font From the Dialog Box As its name indicates the Font dialog box is used to configure or get a font The font of the dialog box is an object of type TFont To support it the TFontDialog class is equipped with a property named Font and that is of type TFont property Font TFont read FFont write SetFont After the user has used a Font dialog box and clicked OK you can find out what font was selected and assign it to the TFont object that needs it or to assign it to the Font property of the object you are using Here is an example procedure TForm1 btnFontClick Sender TObject var digFont TFontDialog begin digFont TFontDialog Create Form1 if dlgFont Execute then Font Name dlgFont Font Name end The styles can be managed using the Font dialog box as one object After the user has clicked OK on the dialog box you can simply assign whatever style was set to the TFont Style property of the object that needs the change Here is an example procedure TForm1 btnFontClick Sender TObject var digFont TFontDialog be
24. list of strings from a text file And for saving the list likewise See the final section of this article Accessing files There are a number of basic operations for handling both text and binary files The latter can hold non character data values First we must get a handle for a named file Here we are getting a handle to a text file designated by the TextFile type binary files are of type File We ask Pascal to assign a file handle for a file called Test txt which will be assumed to be in the current directory as given by the GetCurrentDir routine Next we must open the file using this handle This operation tells Pascal how we want to treat the file There are 3 ways of opening the file We ll cover the access mechanisms for text and binary files separately Meanwhile when we have finished we must close the file S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview Reading and writing to text files Text files are great for simple uses such as where we record a processing log Text files fall short when reading and writing structured data They do support number to string and string to number formatting but you are often better off defining your own record structure and using a typed binary file instead Here is a simple example of access to a text file var myFile TextFile text string begin Try to open the Test txt file for writing to AssignFile myFile Test Cat ReWrite myFile Write a couple of
25. specifies different actions for different exception types such as EInOutError An Else clause can be used as a catch all for unexpected exception types The general exception type Exception can be used to catch all exception types By assigning a Name to the exception the message text of the exception Name Message can be obtained for display or other uses When an exception is raised in a version 2 setup if the exception is not acted upon by On or Else statements then a check is made to see if we are in a nested Try block If so the Except clause of this parent Try is processed If no On or Else clause is found the program terminates The Else clause is not really necessary it is better to use On E Exception Do the generic exception handling since it still provides the error message E Message Important you can determine the type of error that occured by using the generic exception handling On E Exception Do E is a pointer to the exception object that is created by the exception condition E ClassName gives the exception type such as EDivByZero as shown in the final example code Example code Zero divide with a plain Except block var number zero Integer begin Try to divide an integer by zero to raise an exception Try zero 0 number 1 div zero ShowMessage number zero IntToStr number Except ShowMessage Unknown error encountered end end Example code Divide by zero w
26. string There is no need to use operator to add a character to a string Some examples A This is a text Str Text t concat B String with CR and LF char at the end 13 10 C String with 33 34 characters in the middle 3 1 2 5 Comments Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Comments Comments can be inserted inside script You can use chars or or blocks Using char the comment will finish at the end of line This is a comment before ShowMessage ShowMessage Ok This is another comment ShowMessage More ok And this is a comment with two lines ShowMessage End of okays S T A DATA srl s ET RAD user manual 3 1 2 6 Variables Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Variables There is no need to declare variable types in script Thus you declare variable just using var directive and its name There is no need to declare variables if scripter property OptionExplicit is set to false In this case variables are implicit declared If you want to have more control over the script set OptionExplicit property to true This will raise a compile error if variable is used but not declared in script Examples SCRIPT 1 procedure Msg var S begin S Hello world ShowMessage S end SCRIPT 2 var A begin A 0 A At1 end SCRIPT 3 var S string be
27. the result type is of the common type of the two operands For a definition of common types see page 12 If one or both operands of a or operator are of a real type the type of the result is Real in the N state or Extended in the N state If the operand of the sign identity or sign negation operator is of an integer type the result is of the same integer type If the operator is of a real type the type of the result is Real or Extended Chapt er5 Express ions 45 The value of X Y is always of type Real or Extended regardless of the operand types A run time error occurs if Y is zero The value of I div J is the mathematical quotient of I J rounded in the direction of zero to an integer type value A run time error occurs if J is zero The mod operator returns the remainder obtained by dividing its two operands that is I mod J I I div J J The sign of the result of mod is the same as the sign of I A run time error occurs if J is zero Logical operators The types of operands and results for logical operations are shown in the following table Table 5 4 Logical operations Operator Operation Operand types Result type not bitwise negation integer type Boolean and bitwise and integer type Boolean or bitwise or integer type Boolean xor bitwise xor integer type Boolean shl Operation integer type Boolean shr Operation integer type Boolean If the operand of the not operator is of an integer type th
28. think Inside the unit in which the class is declared it is accessible as well This is similar to the friend directive in C The protected directive somewhat relaxes the restrictions of private Protected S T A DATA srl 10 ET RAD user manual members are visible to all decendantes of the class Public members are literally public they are accessible from anywhere if the class is visible Published members behave the same as public ones The difference is that for them runtime type information is generated This means that outside applications can get information about the members for details please refer to Delphi s online help system since this is not exactly something you need when getting started with Delphi 2 2 Functions and procedures Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Functions and procedures An overview A subroutine is like a sun program It not only helps divide your code up into sensible manageable chunks but it also allows these chunks to be used called by different parts of your program Each subroutine contains one of more statements In common with other languages Pascal provides 2 types of subroutine Procedures and Functions Functions are the same as procedures except that they return a value in addition to executing statements A Function as its name suggests is like a little program that calculates something returning the value to the caller On the other hand a procedure is l
29. well known words to this file WriteLn myFile Hello WriteLn myFile World Close the file CloseFile myFile Reopen the file for reading Reset myFile Display the file contents while not Eof myFile do begin ReadLn myFile text ShowMessage text end Close the file for the last time CloseFile myFile end If we replaced the ReWrite routine with Append and rerun the code the existing file would then contain since append retains the existing file contents appending after this anything new written to it Notice that we have used WriteLn and ReadLn to write to and read from the file This writes the given text plus a carriage return and line feed to the text The read S T A DATA srl 38 ET RAD user manual reads the whole line up to the carriage return We have read from the file until Eof End Of File is true See also Eoln We can use Read and Write to read and write multiple strings to a file More importantly we can use these to write numbers as strings with some useful formatting see Write for further details var myFile TextFile text string i Integer begin Try to open the Test txt file for writing to AssignFile myFile Test Cvt ReWrite myFile Write a couple of well known words to this file Write myFile Hello Write myFile World Terminate this line WriteLn myFile Write some numbers to the file as a single line fori
30. 2 to 4 do Write myFile i 2 Terminate this line WriteLn myFile repeat the above but with number formatting fori 2 to 4 do Write myFile i 2 5 1 Terminate this line WriteLn myFile Close the file CloseFile myFile Reopen the file for reading only Reset myFile Display the file contents while not Eof myFile do begin ReadLn myFile text ShowMessage text end Close the file for the last time CloseFile myFile end S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview ER Reading and writing to typed binary files Typed binary files are files that have a data type as the basic unit of writing and reading You write say an Integer ora Record to a file and read the same unit of data back Records are particularly useful allowing us to store any mix of data types in the one file unit of data This is best illustrated with an example type TCustomer Record name string 20 age Integer male Boolean end var myFile File of TCustomer A file of customer records customer TCustomer A customer record variable begin Try to open the Test cus binary file for writing to AssignFile myFile Test cus ReWrite myFile Write a couple of customer records to the file customer name Fred Bloggs customer age 21 customer male true Write myFile customer customer name Jane Turner customer age 45 customer male false Write m
31. Class WideChar PWideChar AnsiString Currency Variant Interface Wide String Int64 Longint Cardinal Longword Single Byte Shortint Word Smallint Double Real DateTime Comp TObject descendants class must be registered in scripter with DefineClass Others types records arrays etc are not supported yet Arguments of above types can be passed by reference by adding var Pascal or byref Basic in param declaration of function 3 1 2 15 The TatSystemLibrary library Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt The TatSystemLibrary library The following functions are added by the TatSystemLibrary refer to Delphi documentation for an explanation of each function you can see examples and more informations about these functions on http www delphibasics co uk Abs AnsiCompareStr AnsiCompareT ext AnsiLowerCase AnsiUpperCase Append ArcTan Assigned AssignFile Beep Chdir Chr CloseFile S T A DATA srl ET Feature overview s CompareStr CompareText Copy Cos CreateOleObject Date DateTimeToStr DateToStr DayOfWeek Dec DecodeDate DecodeT ime Delete EncodeDate EncodeTime EOF Exp FilePos FileSize FloatToStr Format FormatDateTime FormatFloat Frac GetActiveOleObject High Inc IncMonth Input Query Insert Int Interpret IntT oHex IntToStr IsLeapYear IsValidIdent Length Ln Low LowerCase Machine Now Odd Ord Pos Raise Rando
32. Files The INI files have a text based file format for representing application configuration data Initialization or Configuration Settings file INI is a text file with 64Kb limit divided into sections each containing zero or more keys Each key contains zero or more values Example SectionName keynamel value keyname2 value Section names are enclosed in square brackets and must begin at the beginning of a line Section and key names are case insensitive and cannot contain spacing characters The key name is followed by an equal sign optionally surrounded by spacing characters which are ignored If the same section appears more than once in the same file or if the same key appears more than once in the same section then the last occurrence prevails A key can contain string integer or boolean value ET provides the TiniFile class declared in the inifiles unit with methods to store and retrieve values from INI files Prior to working with the TIniFile methods you need to create an instance of the class uses inifiles var IniFile TIniFile begin IniFile TIniFile Create myapp ini The above code creates an IniFile object and assigns myapp ini to the only property of the class the FileName property used to specify the name of the INI file you S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 1 are to use Read from INI The TIniFile class has several read methods The ReadString reads a string val
33. Grid property 2 Move to Options gt goEditing and change False to True S T A DATA srl
34. I components GUI components GUI stands for Graphical User Interface It refers to the windows buttons dialogs menus and everything visual in a modern application A GUI component is one of these graphical building blocks Delphi lets you build powerful applications using a rich variety of these components The fourth component group is Dialogs Standard Additional win32 Dialogs sy eee ee Set of component which display a dialog form which permits you to E open a file Open Dialog Component save a file Save Dialog Component KS select a font Font Dialog Component H select a color Color Dialog Component set and start a print and printer manager Print Dialog Component S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual 4 12 System tab GUI components Navigation Using ET RAD gt Dialog tab GUI components GUI components GUI stands for Graphical User Interface It refers to the windows buttons dialogs menus and everything visual in a modern application A GUI component is one of these graphical building blocks Delphi lets you build powerful applications using a rich variety of these components The fifth component group is System and contains only one Componente Standard Additional win32 Dialogs System SE TTimer How to use the TTimer in ET Add this on your form Like this Standard Additional 1 Win32 System Disloas Win 31 E 1 ActiveX R l ou EL BS EES amp programm
35. I components eiccsceeecccce nce ccesesevecesecee scene tensadeneweceubedereaetdewecctuenenendeeeeeecetenes 86 Open Dialog Component EEN 87 Save Dialog Component a euNEEENESNEERRENNEERRESEEENRENNEEERREENEEEERENNEEREEEEEERENNEEERESEEEEEEN EE 89 Font Dialog Component wisi sccececcssscceccceverstccseeevedecvevececeeceeeccdveneteeeseeeedecweretedeneswsaecweneties 91 Color Dialog Component 1 00 ce eeeece ee EE eee e eee teen EE eeee EE sees ea eeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 92 Print Dialog CGomponemts deser EeEeEEN ENEE Ee SES AREE EARNER ETNA ARENEKS ENNEN EEEE 95 Learn about properties events and ET RAD c cccceece cece esse ee eeeeee esse nese eeaeeeaeeseeeeeeees 97 GOdE Sample S aeaea aeee aria aTe dean rdate tea E aai daaa aa aa eveueieetserccudeddeacssdavetes 99 KRAUT e I MURI OP terface inao a aa A E aS Read 3Muri dataBase Access Re place functio Nicmene aeoaea isaisa dadian Read and Write INI Files DII Call Split function DataSe tis A A N a E S O a EES Sample Script iisccstscccecicssevscscs sense ccsevectecad etesdeceetereed aetenseceeernesasnenededeeeetesd ENEE GENEE rd S T A DATA srl ET Rad 5 1 ET Rad 1 1 ET RAD Navigation ET Rad gt ET RAD ET R A D Rapid Application Developer 7 Piano ET e x File Project Tools Component Help About lela Une Hll xalol Ar Gom d a prey Properties Events Standard Additional win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart
36. If there is else part and expression is false statement or block after else is execute Examples if J lt gt 0 then Result WI if J 0 then Exit else Result I J if lt gt 0 then begin Result I J Count Count 1 end else Done True 3 1 2 9 While statements Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt While statements A while statement is used to repeat a statement or a block while a control condition expression is evaluated as true The control condition is evaluated before the statement Hence if the constrol condition is false at first iteration the statement sequence is never executed The while statement executes its constituent statement or block repeatedly testing expression before each iteration As long as expression returns True execution ontinues Examples while Data I lt gt X doI I1 1 while I gt 0 do begin if Odd I then Z Z X I Idiv 2 X Sqr X end while not Eof InputFile do begin ReadIn InputFile Line Process Line end 3 1 2 10 Repeat statemets Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Repeat statemets The syntax of a repeat statement is repeat statement1 statementn until expression where expression returns a Boolean value The repeat statement executes its sequence of constituent statements continually testing expression after each iteration
37. OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK K Nodi KK K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK K OK OK OK OK K OK K function IFNode2D ID_Node integer boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_IFNode2D function TotNodes2d integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name S T A DATA srl 102 ET RAD user manual cls3muri_T otNodes2d function TotNodes3d integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_T otNodes3d K K K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K Num Elementi 3K K K OK OK OK OK K K K K OK OK OK OK K OK K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK function TotSteelWoodBeam integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll di name cls3muri_TotSteelWoodBeam function TotTieRodm integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotTieRodm function TotRCBeam integer external C Windows System32 TreMunOPdlil dll name cls3muri_T otRCBeam function TotWall integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotWall function TotRCWall integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_T otRCWall function TotRCWallLink integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_T otRCWallLInk function TotRCColumn i
38. ShowMessageFmt A in program now d A end Now the caller A variable is updated by the procedure This is a very useful way of returning data froma procedure as used by for example the Pascal Insert routine It also allows us to return more than one value from a subroutine Output only parameters We can go further and define parameters that we can update but which are there for update only output from our subroutine They should not be read by the subroutine the caller not responsible for any starting value they might contain procedure Dolt Out A Integer begin A 123 ShowMessageFmt A in the procedure d A end procedure TFormi FormCreate Sender TObject var A Integer begin ShowMessage A before the call is unknown Call the procedure Dolt A ShowMessageFmt A in program now d A end Constant value parameters For code clarity and performance it is often wise to declare arguments that are only ever read by a subroutine as constants This is done with the const prefix It can be used even when a non constant parameter is passed It simply means that the parameter is only ever read by the subroutine procedure Dolt Const A Integer Out B Integer begin BA a2 end procedure TFormi FormCreate Sender TObject var A B Integer S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 15 begin A 22 Call the procedure DoIt A B ShowMessageF
39. Std samples richview Data Controls Data Access DbGo BT BY wegen x FE E Sen ent EN RPFRaAmMem r eiss SL TPopupMens Uniti M ioia A Tabel 1 juses 2 Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs Unit2 aul vor 3 D 4 var E memo S MainForm TForm2 L t TButton begin KI 7 MainForm TForm2 Create Application BK TCcheckBox MainForm Show b 9 lend G E TRadioButton E nistoox E TCombogox 7 TeroupBox _ Trane EE RadioGroup ETBn E Tspeedsut bf Tmaskedit Lal Timage 5 TShape C teevel A Tstaticrext KA Additional IL ei TStringGrid Code Rapid application development RAD is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping The planning of software developed using RAD is interleaved with writing the software itself The lack of extensive pre planning generally allows software to be written much faster and makes it easier to change requirements S T A DATA srl 6 ET RAD user manual La Scripter Studio Pro IDE Demo HelloWorld Properties Events Action ActiveControl Align AlphaBlend Form2 TScriptForm b E z alNone AlignwithM arains False False AlphaBlendValue 255 Anchors akLeft akT AutoScroll False AutoSize False BiDiMode bdLeftT oRi Borderlcons biSystemM BorderStyle bsSizeable Borderwidth D Caption Hello world ClientHeight
40. When expression returns True the repeat statement terminates The sequence is always executed at least once because expression is not evaluated until after the first iteration Examples S T A DATA srl s ET RAD user manual repeat K ImodJ I J J K until J 0 repeat Write Enter a value 0 9 ReadIn I until I gt 0 and I lt 9 3 1 2 11 For statement Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt For statement Scripter support for statements with the following syntax for counter initialValue to finalValue do statement For statement set counter to initialValue repeats execution of statement or block and increment value of counter until counter reachs finalValue Examples SCRIPT 1 for c 1 to 10 do a atc SCRIPT 2 for i a to b do begin ji i 2 sum sum j end 3 1 2 12 Case statements Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Case statements case selectorExpression of caseexpri statement caseexprn statementn else elsestatement end if selectorExpression matches the result of one of caseexprn expressions the respective statement or block will be execute Otherwise elsestatement will be execute Else part of case statement is optional Different from Delphi case statement in script doesn t need to use only ordinal values You can use expressions of any type in both select
41. __ TGroupBox OnHelp Code Design E 3 d Delphi and Pascal overview Object Pascal Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Object Pascal Object Pascal Object Pascal is the programming language you use in ET It is mostly similar to Turbo Pascal but Borland has added some features to it I will deal with these later Object Pascal is obviously an object oriented language For those who don t know what this is I ll give a brief summary in the next section Those who are familiar with OOP can skip it Object Oriented Programming OOP The idea of OOP is to put both the data and the program in a single container This container is called object What you would noramlly declare like this var MyByte Byte Name String procedure DoSomething function Whatever Byte Can be summed up to a single object You specify an oject by using the object directive type PMyObject TObject TMyObject object MyByte Byte Name String procedure DoSomething function Whatever byte S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 9 end Note that this does not declare the object you will later use It merily provides a type think of it as a template You can use this template to create objects from it To do this use var MyObject PMyObject begin MyObject TMyObject Create JI MyObject Free end MyObject is what you can work with You also need to tell Delphi to create the object c
42. a Try Except clause Or Boolean or or bitwise or of two arguments Packed Compacts complex data types into minimal storage Syst Procedur Defines a subroutine that does not return a em e value Syst st Program Defines the start of an application Syst Property Defines controlled access to class fields Raise Raise an exception Record A structured data type holding fields of data Repeat Repeat statements until a ternmination condition is met Set Defines a set of up to 255 distinct values Shi Shift an integer value left by a number of bits Shr Shift an integer value right by a number of bits Then Part of an if statement starts the true clause S T A DATA srl nl ET RAD user manual ThreadVa Defines variables that are given separate instances per thread I To Prefixes an incremental for loop target value Try Starts code that has error trapping Type Defines a new category of variable or process Unit Defines the start of a unit file a Delphi module Until Ends a Repeat control loop Uses Declares a list of Units to be imported Var Starts the definition of a section of data variables While Repeat statements whilst a continuation condition is met With A means of simplifying references to structured variables Xor Boolean Xor or bitwise Xor of two arguments 2 4 Expression Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Expression Expressions are made up of operators and operands Most Object Pascal
43. a packed string type is the concatenation of S and T The result is compatible with any string type but not with Char types and packed string types If the resulting string is longer than 255 characters it s 2 5 Operation instruction list Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Operation instruction list Type Name Summary Procedure Append Open a text file to allow appending of text to the end Procedure Assign Assigns a file handle to a binary or S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 23 text file Procedure AssignFile Assigns a file handle to a binary or text file Procedure AssignPrn Treats the printer as a text file an easy way of printing text Procedure BlockRead_ Reads a block of data records from an untyped binary file Procedure BlockWrite Writes a block of data records to an untyped binary file Procedure ChDir Change the working drive plus path for a specified drive Procedure Close Closes an open file Procedure CloseFile Closes an open file Function CreateDir Create a directory Function DeleteFile Delete a file specified by its file name Function DirectoryEx Returns true if the given directory ists exists Function Eof Returns true if a file opened with Reset is at the end Function Eoln Returns true if the current text file is pointing at a line end Procedure Erase Erase a file Function FileExists Returns true if the given file exists Variable FileMode Defines how Reset opens a b
44. all the Font dialog box using a menu item or a popup menu from right clicking Once the dialog box displays a user can select a font by its name its style its size one or both effects Underline or Strikeout and a color After making the necessary changes the user can click OK to apply the changes or click Cancel to ignore the selected attributes At design time the Font dialog box hardly needs any change of properties to work The only time you would set its properties is if you judge that its default properties are not conformto your particular scenario For example if you are providing font formatting for a control and you want users to control the font characteristics of individual letters or paragraph there should be nothing to change at design time Otherwise the default properties can be changed using the Object Inspector Once and however you have a TFontDialog instance you can display the Font dialog box by calling the Execute method The font dialog box is equipped with two primary buttons OK and Cancel After using it if the user clicks OK this implies that if there were changes of font size color etc the user wants them committed to the document If the user clicks Cancel this means that you should ignore any actions that were performed on the dialog box The Execute method is Boolean It returns true if the user clicks OK Otherwise if the user clicks Cancel it would return false Therefore after the user has used
45. allLink typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_RCWallLink function ElementWall typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ElementWall function RCBeam typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_RCBeam function Nodes3d typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_Nodes3d function Nodes2d typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_Nodes2d function Nodes3dIdWalls num_Element integer TStringList external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_Nodes3dIdWalls function RCColumn typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdlil dll name cls3muri_RCColumn function SteelWoodColumn typeAnalysis string nmum_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_SteelWoodColumn function SteelWoodenBeam typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_SteelWoodenBeam function TieRod typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name
46. aption Constraints Cursor All shown Components have different kinds of properties some can store a boolean value True or False like Enabled To change a boolean property double click the property value to toggle between the states Some properties can hold a number e g Width or Left a string e g Caption or Text or even a set of simple valued properties When a property has an associated editor to set complex values an ellipsis button appears near the property name For example if you click the ellipsis of the Font property a Font property dialog box will appear Now change the Caption the static text the label displays on the form of Labeli to Your name please Change the Text property text displayed in the edit box this text will be changeable at run time of Edit1 to Prova Writing Code Events and Event Handlers To really enable components to do something meaningful you have to write some S T A DATA srl 98 ET RAD user manual action specific code for each component you want to react on user input Remember components are building block of any Delphi form the code behind each component ensures a component will react on an action Each Delphi component beside its properties has a set of events Windows as even led environment requires the programmer to decide how a program will if it will react on user actions You need to understand that Windows is a message based operating system System
47. are optional The unit heading starts with a word unit line 01 followed by a unit file name The unit name Unit1 in the above source must match the unit file name on a disk In a single project all unit names must be unique You should change the unit s name only by using the File Save As command from the Delphi IDE main menu Of course it is completely up to you to decide how will you name your units In most cases you ll want your units to have the name similar to the name of the formto which they are linked like MainUnit for Main form form with a Name property set to Main Be sure to give name to units in the early stage of a form design development The INTERFACE section The interface section of a unit starts with the word interface line 02 and continues until the word implementation line 17 This section is used to declare any public sections of code that appear in a unit The entire contents of the interface section including type variable and procedure declarations are visible to any other unit which uses this unit When any other part of the program looks at a unit all it sees is the interface section Everything else is hidden internal to the unit part of the implementation You could say that the interface section contains a list of items in the unit that other units can use In most cases the interface section will define several subsections you can see that the code for unit1 pas has a uses clause a type secti
48. cal as I will mostly call it a set of object oriented extensions to standard Pascal is the language of Delphi Delphi Pascal enables you to take advantage of object oriented programming to its fullest It can be said that Delphi Pascal is to Pascal what C is to C As Delphi was being developed new language behavior and keywords were added to deal with the component model In general Delphi Pascal is a high level compiled strongly typed language that Supports structured and object oriented design We ll now write some code for the OnClick event handler of Buttoni Alter the above procedure body to S T A DATA srl Now we are ready to start the script and test it Using ET RAD click on Green arrow in the middle of RAD buttons you see under Menu File Project Tools Component About Glieall a oe bl x Properties Events OIL ej BJ Fr AO w Rid wo Standard Additional Win32 Esegui Script F9 ee Chart Std samples richView Data Controls Data Access DbGo legen me e f 4 2 Open Script Project Navigation Using ET RAD gt Open Script Project Open Script Project Use this command for open script project a n ET display ssproj files which are the linkers to the code and form modules Piano ET Die Project Tools Component About lelali aoe ZE Tipo Ultima modifica 24 10 2011 11 34
49. cls3muri_TieRod function MasonryColumn typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_MasonryColumn S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 105 function Floor typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_Floor function Reinforcement typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_Reinforcement function Material typeAnalysis string num _Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_Material function MaterialName id_Material integer 1 wideString k external IC Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_MaterialName function QnodeLevel integer external C Windows System32 TreMunOPdlil dll name cls3muri_QnodeLevel function QmaxLevel integer external C Windows System32 TreMunOPdll dll name cls3muri_QmaxLevel K K OK OK OK OK K OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK K Dichiarazioni per dictionary 3K K K OK OK OK OK K K K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK Ok OK function LoadDictionary pstrFileXMLName String boolean external C Windows System32 xmlReportDIl dll name rhfLoadDictionary function leggiXMLT ext pstrNodeTag String String external Cs Windows
50. ctor variable reference A function call activates a function and denotes the value returned by the function See Function calls on page 50 A set constructor denotes a value of a set type See Set constructors on page 50 A value typecast changes the type of a value See Value typecasts on page 51 An address factor computes the address of a variable procedure function or method See The operator on page 49 An unsigned constant has the following syntax unsigned constant unsigned number character string constant identifier nil These are some examples of factors X Variable reference X Pointer to a variable 15 Unsigned constant X Y Z Subexpression Sin X 2 Function call exit 0 9 A Z Set constructor not Done Negation of a Boolean Char Digit 48 Value typecast Terms apply the multiplying operators to factors Chapt e r 5 Ex pres s ions 4 3 term factor div mod and shl shr as Here are some examples of terms xX Y Zp AL Z S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual Y shi 2 X lt Y and Y lt Z Simple expressions apply adding operators and signs to terms simple expression term or xor Here are some examples of simple expressions XS Ly X Huel Hue2 I J 1 An expression applies the relational operators to simple expressions expression simple expression lt simple expression lt
51. derIcons biSystemMenu biMinimiz BorderStyle bsSizeable BorderWidth jo Caption Formi ClientHeight 204 ClientWidth 304 Color OdBinFace Constraints TSizeConstraints Ct3D True Cursor crDefault CustomHint a DefaultMonitor dmActiveForm DockSite False DoubleBuffered False DragKind dkDrag DragMode dmManual Enabled True Font TFont FormStyle fsNormal GlassFrame TGlassFrame Height 240 HelpContext 0 HelpFile HelpKeyword HelpType htContext Hint HorzScrollBar TControlScrollBar Icon None se Debugging ET Script Navigation Using ET RAD gt Debugging ET Script ET includes an integrated debugger and several other tools to let you monitor the result of a compilation process in different ways This chapter provides an overview S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD of all these topics demonstrating the key ideas with simple examples The first part of the chapter covers Delphi s integrated debugger and various features ET provides for runtime debugging Then I ll describe some other debugging techniques and discuss how you can monitor the flow of messages in your application The final section describes how you can examine the status of the memory used by a program Functions for start and debugging script are shown in the picture below PU Fine r m w w This button execute the script d This button pause the script P This button stop script execution a Trace Into With th
52. dlers To really enable components to do something meaningful you have to write some action specific code for each component you want to react on user input Remember components are building block of any Delphi form the code behind each component ensures a component will react on an action Each Delphi component beside its properties has a set of events Windows as even led environment requires the programmer to decide how a program will if it will react on user actions You need to understand that Windows is a message based operating system System messages are handled by a message handler that translates the message to Delphi event handlers For instance when a user clicks a button on a form Windows sends a message to the application and the application reacts to this new event If the OnClick event for a button is specified it gets executed Object Inspector Button TButton X Properties Events Action a OnClick Buttoni Click OnContextPopt OnDragDrop OnDragO ver OnEndDock sl All shown The code to respond to events is contained in Delphi event procedures event handlers All components have a set of events that they can react on For example all clickable components have an OnClick event that gets fired if a user clicks a component with a mouse All such components have an event for getting and loosing the focus too However if you do not specify the code for OnEnter and OnExit S T A DATA srl
53. e V dataTemporanea 24 10 2011 4 7 Understanding the Script unit source Navigation Using ET RAD gt Understanding the Delphi unit source Understanding the unit source Forms are visible building blocks of all well at least 99 Delphi projects Each form in a Delphi project has an associated unit The unit contains the source code for any event handlers attached to the events of the form or the components it contains The best way to describe the unit code is to take a look at the source For the moment reefer to the example in the last chapter especially the unit source After we have placed a Label an Edit box and a Button and added an OnClick event handling procedure for the button the source code looked like S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual 04 type 05 TFormi class TForm 06 Edit1 TEdit 07 Button1 TButton 08 Labell TLabel 09 procedure Button1Click Sender TObject 10 private 11 Private declarations 12 public 13 Public declarations 14 end 15 var 16 Formi TFormi 17 implementation 19 procedure TFormi Button1Click Sender TObject 20 var s string 21 begin 22 s Hello Edit1 Text Delphi welcomes you 23 ShowMessage s 24 end 25 end The UNIT keyword A unit file begins with a unit heading which is followed by the interface implementation initialization and finalization sections The initialization and finalization sections
54. e Caption property Double clicking the button when designing adds code to your form to run when the button is clicked at run time bet Mask Edit boxes An edit box allows the user to type in a single line of text S T A DATA srl s ET RAD user manual For example the name of the user You set up the initial value with the Text property either at design time or when your code runs This component has a property Editmask which permits a controlled data entry Image ET s image component TImage displays a graphical image like a bitmap icon or metafile Properties and methods of can be used for such things as loading an image from file clearing the image in the TImage and assigning an image for another control Learn how to use the image control in Delphi programs e Shape With that component you can design geometrical figures in the form lA Static Labels Labels are the simplest component They are used to literally label things on a form but the text colours and so on can be changed by your code For example you can change the label colour when the mouse hovers over it and can run code when the user clicks it This makes the label like a web page link Normally they are just kept as plain unchanging text ae String Grid 4 10 Win32 tab GUI components Navigation Using ET RAD gt Win32 tab GUI components GUI components GUI stands for Graphical User Interface It refers to the windows buttons dialogs menus and ev
55. e database resides or select an alias for SQL databases in the DatabaseName property of the Object Inspector window S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 5 Enter the SQL statement to use for data access in the SQL property of the Object Inspector window by clicking the list button to open the String Editor The Object Inspector window for TQuery does not contain a separate property for specifying a table name Instead a table name must always specified as part of the SQL statement in the SQL property If you double click a TQuery component you invoke the Fields Editor The Fields Editor enables you to control the way Data Control components display data Understanding TDataSource Every dataset that supplies a data control component must have at least one TDataSource component TDataSource acts as a bridge between one TTable TQuery or StoredProc component and one or more data control components that provide a visible user interface to data TTable and T Query can establish connections to a database through the BDE but they cannot display database information on a form Data Control components provide the visible user interface to data but are unaware of the structure of the table from which they receive and to which they send data A TDataSource component bridges the gap To put a TDataSource component on a form 1 Select the Data Access page from the Component palette 2 Choose the DataSource icon 3 Click
56. e multiple On clauses for specific errors except IO error On E EInOutError do ShowMessage IO error E Message Dibision by zero On E EDivByZero do ShowMessage Div by zero error E Message Catch other errors else ShowMessage Unknown error end What happens when debugging Note that when you are debugging your code within Pascal Pascal will trap exceptions even if you have exception handling You must then click OK on the error dialogue then hit F9 or the green arrow to continue to your except clause You can avoid this by changing the debug options And finally Suppose that instead of trapping the error where it occurs you may want to let a higher level exception handler in your code to do a more global trapping But your code may have created objects or allocated memory that is now S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 35 no longer referenced It is dangerous to leave these allocations lying around Pascal provides an alternative part to the exception wrapper the Finally clause Instead of being called when an exception occurs the finally clause is always called after part or all of the try clause is executed It allows us to free up allocated memory or other such activities However it does not trap the error the next highest exception handling try block that we are nested in is located and executed Once you are done debugging the software it is time to relax Get up out of
57. e result is of the same integer type The not operator is a unary operator If both operands of an and or or xor operator are of an integer type the result type is the common type of the two operands The operations I shl J and Ishr J shift the value of Ito the left right by J bits The result type is the same as the type of I Boolean operators The types of operands and results for Boolean operations are shown in the following table Table 5 5 Boolean operations Operator Operation Operand types Result type not negation Boolean type Boolean and logical and Boolean type Boolean or logical or Boolean type Boolean xor logical xor Boolean type Boolean Normal Boolean logic governs the results of these operations For instance Aand B is True only if both A and Bare True 46 Objec t Pas cal Language Guide Object Pascal supports two different models of code generation for the and and or operators complete evaluation and short circuit partial evaluation Complete evaluation means that every operand of a Boolean expression built from S T A DATA srl 22 ET RAD user manual the and and or operators is guaranteed to be evaluated even when the result of the entire expression is already known This model is convenient when one or more operands of an expression are functions with side effects that alter the meaning of the program Short circuit evaluation guarantees strict left to right evaluation and that evaluation stops as soon a
58. e round brackets to wrap around sub expressions to ensure that the result is obtained This is illustrated in the examples below var myI nt Integer Define integer and decimal variables myDec Single begin myInt 20 myInt is now 20 myInt myInt 10 myInt is now 30 myInt myInt 5 myInt is now 25 myInt myInt 4 myInt is now 100 myInt 14 div 3 myInt is now 4 14 3 4 remainder 2 myInt 14 mod 3 myInt is now 2 14 3 4 remainder 2 myInt 12 3 4 myInt is now 32 comes before myInt 12 3 4 myInt is now 12 brackets come before myDec 2 222 2 0 myDec is now 1 111 end Numeric functions and procedures Pascal provides many builtin functions and procedures that can perform numeric calculations Some examples are given below click on any to discover more Note that these routines are stored in Units that are shipped with Pascal and which form part of the standard Pascal Run Time Library You will need to include a reference to the Unit in order to use it the code example provided with each gives the unit name and shows how to refer to it Abs Returns the absolute value of a signed number S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview is ax Gives the maximum of two integer values in Gives the minimum of two integer values Mean Gives the average of a set of numbers Sqr Gives the square of a number Sqrt Gives the square root of a numb
59. e top of the Object Inspector This list lists all the components on the active form along with their types in the following format Name Type When a component is selected its properties and events are displayed in the Object Inspector To change the component property click on a property name in the Object Inspector then either type a new value or select from the drop down list For example change the Caption property for Button1 I ll refer components by their names to Hello of course without the single quotation marks S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD ER TButton TForm1 TLabel Caption Constraints Cursor All shown Components have different kinds of properties some can store a boolean value True or False like Enabled To change a boolean property double click the property value to toggle between the states Some properties can hold a number e g Width or Left a string e g Caption or Text or even a set of simple valued properties When a property has an associated editor to set complex values an ellipsis button appears near the property name For example if you click the ellipsis of the Font property a Font property dialog box will appear Now change the Caption the static text the label displays on the form of Labeli to Your name please Change the Text property text displayed in the edit box this text will be changeable at run time of Edit1 to Prova Writing Code Events and Event Han
60. ead only ofFileMustExistOnly existing file may be opened ofAllowMultiSelectUser can select 2 or more files Displaying the dialog We now call a method of TOpenDialog if openDialog Execute then S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD Execute returns true if the user selected a file and hit OK You can then use the selected file Finishing with the dialog The selected file or files are obtained using the following properties FileName property This holds the full path plus file name of the selected file Files property This holds the full path plus file name of the a multiple file selection The file names are held in the returned TStrings value see the TStringList for more on string lists Finally we must free the dialog object openDialog free Example code Illustrating single file selection var openDialog TOpenDialog Open dialog variable begin Create the open dialog object assign to our open dialog variable openDialog TOpenDialog Create self Set up the starting directory to be the current one openDialog InitialDir GetCurrentDir Only allow existing files to be selected openDialog Options ofFileMustExist Allow only dpr and pas files to be selected openDialog Filter Delphi project files dpr Delphi pascal files pas Select pascal files as the starting filter type openDialog FilterIndex 2 Display the open file dialog if openDialog Execute the
61. engineering tools S ET RAD user manual eee Ss Indice Parte ET Rad 5 T ET RAD EE 5 Parte II Delphi and Pascal overview 8 1 Object Pascal wiisicccitcccieciivscatetteccneettvececetieesneetiivs a ARANE ANARE a ANAE Ra ka EAn AANA KANNA AE RANNU EENEN 8 2 Functions and procedures wis scecceisicceiecesceneteseceeeecceeeeeiedaceeeeceseteedeaectevesasneeededeneesscaceeedens 10 3 te EE 15 A EX Pre SSION E 18 5 Operation instruction list ENEE 22 6 Integer and floating point numbers cccccceeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeseaeeeeessaneeeeesaneeenes 25 7 Strings and characters cciccciccicecesceessscceeessseteceecseewedecceeeeeescuevereeceeeeedsseevedeeeeeeeeesseeeeiees 27 8 Case statements isinne ee sete coe treats canned siete cchdecarsudccuerecbedenseedsteaecths ca vvegstvaessbeast 31 D Exception handling 0s aaraa aa aa n aar ear ae det svertaugeuweecetviecuese sdeeeced 33 NAU 36 AT Dates UW Lu S ssir is oe aa aaa a a ae Pa apaa adensassesteciacessunasedscavecendetetss 43 12 DataBase ices iisccicicccccticcevestisicenecccerereitasceestessreedecascteedeseteeencasctended ceevedssceveeasievernevaseene ten 47 Parte lll ET Feature overview 49 1 Language Feature viii icicccccceccetesinecticasvecnstvieeectecwuvetosiseeniecdtavoetacttetedeceecetuasaestedeetenediey 49 Managing inludes E TUTE 49 JMURFOP InGlude ests vcs xcoctsns n tte ae casey EE 50 SysDataUtils InClUde ii cccessccctecicesetecscivssacheveaceavacdssc
62. entation R dfm Include form definitions A small procedure procedure InLineProc begin ShowMessage Hello World end procedure TFormi FormCreate Sender TObject begin Call our little in line procedure InLineProc end end The InLineProc we have defined above is literally that an in line subroutine It must be defined before it is called The TForm1 OnCreate procedure is quite different The TForm1 qualifier gives a clue This procedure along with out InLineProc procedure is defined in what is called the Implementation section of the Unit Looking earlier in the code you will see a one line declaration of OnCreate in the Interface part of the Unit It is part of the class definition for the form TForm1 that the Unit and program use as the main screen see the Object orientation tutorial for further on classes S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 13 Any subroutine defined in the Interface section must defined in the Implementation section Our InLineProc was not so it needs no advance declaration Data local to a subroutine In the RandomChar example above we declared an integer variable for use in a calculation by the function Subroutines can have their own types constants and variables and these remain local to the routine Variable values are reset every time the routine is called use a class object to hold onto data across routine calls Here is an illustration of this local variable
63. ents have a property called Name The Name property is very important it specifies the name of the component as referenced in code When you first place a component on a form Delphi will provide a default name for the component Labeli Edit1 Buttoni I suggest you to give your components a meaningful name before writing the code that refers to them You can do this by changing the value of the Name property in the Object Inspector Note with the last statement in mind I ll do the opposite In most cases I ll leave all the default component names through this Course just as they appear when you place them on a form To actually change a component property you first need to activate it click it to select it small square handles appear at each corner and in the middle of each side Another way to select a component is to click its name in the drop down list that appears at the top of the Object Inspector This list lists all the components on the active form along with their types in the following format Name Type When a component is selected its properties and events are displayed in the Object Inspector To change the component property click on a property name in the Object Inspector then either type a new value or select from the drop down list For example change the Caption property for Buttoni I ll refer components by their names to Hello of course without the single quotation marks f Form1 TForm1 TLabel C
64. er Exp Gives the exponent of a number Shl Shifts the bits in a number left Shr Shifts the bits in a number right Tan Gives the Tangent of a number Cos Gives the Cosine of a number Sin Gives the Sine of a number x Converting from numbers to strings Pascal also provides routines that convert numbers into strings This is often useful for display purposes Str Converts a number to a string in a simple manner CurrToStr Converts a Currency variable to a string Format Number to string conversion with formatting IntToStr Converts an integer to a string IntToHex Converts a number into a hexadecimal string Converting from strings to numbers Finally Pascal provides string to number conversion utilities Here are some examples StrToInt Converts an integer string into an integer StrToIntDef Fault tolerant version of StrToInt StrToFloat Converts a decimal string to a number 2 7 Strings and characters Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Strings and characters Text types Like many other languages Pascal allows you to store letters words and sentences in single variables These can be used to store and display such things as user details screen titles and so on A letter is stored in a single character variable type such as Char and words and sentences stored in string types such as String Here are the different text types in Pascal S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual We ll cover the character and string
65. erything visual in a modern application A GUI component is one of these graphical building blocks Delphi lets you build powerful applications using a rich variety of these components The third component group is Win32 Standard Additional Win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart Std sam Each of the components is described below with a picture of a typical GUI object they can create gen PR Tab and Page control Progress Bar When your application performs a time consuming operation you can use a progress bar the TProgressBar Delphi control to show how much of the task is completed i Tree view The TTreeView Delphi component represents a window that displays S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD s a hierarchical list of items such as the headings in a document the entries in an index or the files and directories on a disk List view The TListView Delphi control displays a list of items in a fashion similar to how Windows Explorer displays files and folders Items can be displayed in columns with column headers and sub items or vertically or horizontally with small or large icons Learn how to use the list view control in Delphi programs DateTime picker component for setting date and time Rich edit TRichEdit is a memo control that supports rich text formatting Learn how to use various multi line text controls in Delphi s VCL 4 11 Dialog tab GUI components Navigation Using ET RAD gt Dialog tab GU
66. es Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs fHello var MainForm TForm2 begin MainForm TForm2 Create Application MainForm Show end S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD e fHello psc This is the code of your script You have to work on it ET RAD permits to write modify delete your script code in RAD environment Script Structure FORM TForm2 fHello sfm uses Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs StdCtrls var dataTemporanea string procedure ButtoniClick Sender TObject begin ShowMessage Hello Editi Text end procedure Button2Click Sender TObject begin dataTemporanea dateToStr Now edtDate Text dataTemporanea end fHello frm This is a text file containg the specifics of the form Developer must not modify this file managed in toto by ET object Form2 TScriptForm Left 0 Top 0 Caption Hello world ClientHeight 204 ClientWidth 288 Color clBtnFace Font Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET Font Color clWindowText Font Height 11 Font Name Tahoma Font Style OldCreateOrder False Position poDesigned S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual SaveProps Strings Visible False Position poScreenCenter SaveEvents Strings Button1 OnClick Button1iClick Button2 OnClick Button2Click PixelsPerInch 96 TextHeight 13 object Labeli TLabel Left 45 Top 14 Width 82 Height 13 Caption Type your name end
67. etc You can add your own custom functions using AddFunction method You can save load compiled code so you don t need to recompile source code every time you want to execute it Script libraries Thread safe scripter engine COM support S T A DATA srl ct ad e Support for calling DLL functions e Debugging capabilities breakpoint step into run to cursor pause halt Screenshots Debugging a form script in the IDE Eile Edit View Run Project Tools About DAW Oe gt Mr soled MainUni Snake Foma 1SeiptFom zl T begin SA Properties Events 245 for q i downto 2 do Standard Z 146 begin i 147 AButton FindComponent Button inttostr jess AButton2 FindComponent Button inttostr 149 AButton top AButton2 Top 250 151 end 152 button1 Top button1 Top s 153 end 154 for f i downto 5 do 155 begin ase Button i FindComponent Button IntToStz 157 if buttoni Top AButton Top and buttoni 2 158 goto git iss end 160 if buttoni top lt 0 or buttoni top gt 201 or butt EN Import in your application many components from Tool Palette File Edit View Run Project Tools About DA ALXDBJ gt Urls aos F MainUnit Customers E EH Properties Events Custom BORIS SR Standard watered _ eRe Ee elpType ontex l i Hint i E Additional ImeMode imDontCare i bet TMaskedit ImeName te Le
68. f this unit you could create a variable of that type in this part of the interface section The IMPLEMENTATION section The implementation section is defined as everything between the implementation word and either the initialization statement or the end of the file as denoted by the end keyword The implementation is where you write code that performs actions This section is private to the unit and can contain both declarations and code The implementation section of a unit can contain its own uses clause as well A few words on using another unit form As you will see in the following chapters of this course a form unit can use another unit Simply put this means that one form can call another form Suppose you have a main form form name MainForm unit name S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual MainFormuUnit in a project with an About button on it What you want to do is to show an about box form form name AboutForm unit name AboutFormUnit when you click on this button To be able to do this the MainFormUnit must use the AboutFormUnit the AboutFormUnit should be placed in the implementation uses clause To actually call a method procedure or function from MainFormUnit that is declared in the AboutFormUnit you use the following syntax AboutFormUnit SomeProcedureName parameters Note that the call to a procedure SomeProcedureName consists of a unit name AboutFormUnit followed by a period and a procedu
69. ft 8 P REES Margins TMargins i l E Tsaveniiog Name DBGrid1 Options daE diting bok a ParentBiDiMode True di ab TOBEdit ParentColor False SI ps ParentCti3D Tue SP TDBRichEdit ParentFont True 8 ParentShowHint Tue PopupMenu ReadOnly False ShowHint False TabOrder 1 TabStoy True Tag d DI Code 1 Design Code completion shows properties and components of the form S T A DATA srl 8 ET RAD user manual G EF S AY Scripter Studio Pro IDE Demo DBCustomers Lal Si zl File Edit View Run Project Tools About FEIS Pw b tl as E MainUnit fCustomers ml em Form2 TScriptForm NN eet e J HRY E 1 FORM TForm2 fCustomers sfm Properties Events 2 Standard a OnActivate ral 3 fuses EI Mainmenu OndAligninsertBe 4 Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs E OndlignPosition 5 DBCtrls Grids DBGrids DB DBTables StdCt a TPopupMenu OnCanResize 6 8 A zbel OnClick 7 procedure Form2Create Sender TObject OnClose 8 abl TEdit OnCloseQuery 9 Tab OnConstrainedh 10 TMemo OnContextPopu 11 property Tablet OnCreate n2Create_ gt 12 property TabOrder Lol TButton OnDblClick K begin property TabStop OnDeactivate i X TCheckBox OnDestro TEA TRadioButton OnDockOver S y TlistBox OnDragDrop i OnDragOver TComboBox OnEndDock z OnGetSitelnfo 4 u gt
70. gin S Hello World ShowMessage S end Note that if script property OptionExplicit is set to false then var declarations are not necessary in any of scripts above 3 1 2 7 Arrays Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Arrays Script support array constructors and support to variant arrays To construct an array use and chars You can construct multi index array nesting array constructors You can then access arrays using indexes If array is multi index separate indexes using If variable is a variant array script automatically support indexing in that variable A variable is a variant array is it was assigned using an array constructor if it is a direct reference to a Delphi variable which is a variant array see Delphi integration later or if it was created using VarArrayCreate procedure Arrays in script are 0 based index Some examples NewArray 2 4 6 8 Num NewArray 1 Num receives 4 MultiArray green red blue apple orange lemon Str MultiArray 0 2 Str receives blue MultiArray 1 1 new orange S T A DATA srl ET Feature overview 55 3 1 2 8 If statement Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt If statement There are two forms of if statement if then and the if then else Like normal pascal if the if expression is true the statement or block is executed
71. gin digFont TFontDialog Create Form1 if dlgFont Execute then begin Font Name digFont Font Name Font Size dlgFont Font Size Font Color dlgFont Font Color Font Style digFont Font Style end end 4 16 Color Dialog Component Navigation Using ET RAD gt Color Dialog Component To provide the selection of colors on Microsoft Windows applications the operating system provides a common dialog box appropriate for such tasks The Color dialog box is used by various reasons to let the user set or change a color of an object such as the background color of a control or the color used to paint an object When it displays by default the dialog box appears as follows S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD WI WEIT FE WI WW DE E ETE p EEE NNNE EE EEE Eee WI Custom colors EEE EEE EEE EEE amp Define Custom Colors gt gt This displays a constant list of colors to the user If none of the available colors is appropriate for the task at hand the user can click the Define Custom Colors button to expand the dialog box Color Basic colors Custom colors BEBE Hue GO Bef BEB ean ms Es wf Define Custom Colars gt gt ColorlSolid Lum 222 Blue En Ca Cancel p Add to Custom Colors The expanded Color dialog box allows the user to either select one of the preset colors or to custom create a color by specifying its red green and blue values The user can change t
72. grammer Can be parsed first using as the separator character to give var myString string myStringSplitted TStringList begin myString Age 47 Name Neil Occupation Programmer myStringSplitted TStringList create myString split myString thats the result myStringSplitted count 3 myStringSplitted strings 0 Age 47 myStringSplitted strings 1 Name Neil myStringSplitted strings 2 Occupation Programmer replace S T A DATA srl 52 ET RAD user manual The Replace function replaces the first or all occurences of a substring OldPattern in SourceString with NewPattern The changed string is returned lavoro titolo lavoro lavoro replace lavoro _ lavoro titolo_lavoro function SaveDataInIniFile nomeLavoro string Frm TScripForm boolean and Function ApriLavoro sFileLavoro string Frm TScriptForm boolean are two functions used for saving datas in the script You can see a complete use of these two functions in TreMuriToExcel script 3 1 2 Pascal ET Syntax 3 1 2 1 Overview Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Overview TatPascalScripter component executes scripts written in Pascal syntax Current Pascal syntax supports begin end constructor procedure and function declarations if then else constructor for to do step constructor while do constructor repeat until cons
73. he color in four different areas The top left section displays a list of 48 predefined colors If the desired color is not in that section the user can click and drag the mouse in the multi colored palette The user can also drag the right bar that displays a range based on the color of the palette the user can scroll up and down by dragging the arrow For more precision the user can type the Red Green and Blue values Each uses a integral value that ranges from 1 to 255 Creating a Color Dialog Box In the VCL the color dialog box is available through a class named TColorDialog S T A DATA srl a ET RAD user manual The TColorDialog class is derived from the TCcommonbDialog class The TCommonbDialog class is derived from TComponent To visually add a Color dialog box to your application from the Dialogs section of the Tool Palette click the TColorDialog button and click anywhere on the form To programmatically create a color dialog box declare a variable of type TColorDialog Here is an example procedure TForm1 btnColorClick Sender TObject var Dlg TColorDialog begin Dig TColorDialog Create Form1 end Characteristics of the Color Dialog Box The Color The most important and most obvious property of the Color dialog box is the selected color once the user has made a choice To provide this information the TColorDialog class is equipped with the Color property property Color TColor read FColor write FColor
74. i Alter the above procedure body to 4 19 Code Samples 4 19 1 3 MURI OP Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt 3 MURI OP a good way to create a new project starting from Script_op project is as follow 1 copy all files in Script TreMuriDataExport into a new folder of you choice 2 open the project Script_op ssproj from this new folder 3 from menu File gt Save Project as gt save the project with a new name of you choice 4 Script_OP code must not be modified K K K K OK K K K K K K OK OK OK K K OK K K K K OK OK K OK OK OK K K OK OK K OK OK Modulo standard contenente dichiarazioni e chiamata a form Principale NON deve essere modificato S T A DATA srl 10 ET RAD user manual FERERAELELERE EE EERE ERE LE uses Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs DemoOPMain OPFunctions var MainForm TfrmMain3mSample begin MainForm TfrmMain3mSample Create Application MainForm Show end 5 OPFunctions is the include containing declaration s function to interface 3M OP and you have not to modify it For a detailed explanations about each functions see 3Muri OP tutorial 6 works on DemoOPMain you can modify code and form as you wish the code already present will help you in developing your owns functions and procedures 4 19 1 1 3 MURI OP Interface Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt 3 MURI OP gt 3 MURI OP Interface FPEEEEEREREREREAKA RARER EAE EEA EE EEE
75. ike a little routine that performs something and then just finishes Parameters to subroutines Both functions and procedures can be defined to operate without any data being passed For example you might have a function that simply returns a random number like the Pascal Random function It needs no data to get it going Likewise you can have a procedure that carries out some task without the need for data to dictate its operations For example you might have a procedure that draws a square on the screen The same square every time it is called Often however you will pass data called parameters to a subroutine Note that the definition of a subroutine refers to parameters as arguments they are parameters when passed to the subroutine Some simple function and procedure examples The following code illustrates simple function and procedure definitions A procedure without parameters S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 1 Notice that we are using some Pascal run time library functions marked in blue in the above code Click on any to read more A procedure with parameters procedure ShowTime dateTime TDateTime With parameters begin Display the date and time passed to the routine ShowMessage Date and time is DateTimeToStr dateTime end Let us call this procedure ShowTime Yesterday A function without parameters function RandomChar char var i integer begin Get a random
76. ilure during elastic phase function ResSteelWoodenBeam typeAnalysis string num_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResSteelWoodenBeam function ResRCBeam typeAnalysis string num_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResRCBeam function ResTieRod typeAnalysis string num_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResTieRod 2K K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K Pilastri 3K K K OK OK OK OK K K K K OK OK OK OK K OK K K K OK OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK function ResRCColumn typeAnalysis string nmum_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResRCColumn function ResSteelWoodColumn typeAnalysis string mum _Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResSteelWoodColumn function ResMasonryColumn typeAnalysis string nmum_Element integer Steph integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResMasonryColumn function ResRcWall typeAnalysis string num Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResRcWall function Re
77. inary file Function FilePos Gives the file position in a binary or text file Eunction FileSearch Search for a file in one or more directories Function FileSetDate Set the last modified date and time of a file Function FindClose Closes a successful FindFirst file search Function FindFirst Finds all files matching a file mask and attributes Function FindNext Find the next file after a successful FindFirst S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual Procedure Function Function Procedure Variable Procedure Variable Function Procedure Function Procedure Procedure Procedure Procedure Function Function Function Function Type Type Procedure Type Flush ForceDirect ories GetCurrent Dir GetDir RemoveDir Rename RenameFEil e Reset ReWrite RmDir Seek SeekEof SeekEoln SelectDirec tory SetCurrent Dir Text TextFile Truncate TSearchRe c Flushes buffered text file data to the file Create a new path of directories Get the current directory drive plus directory Get the default directory drive plus path for a specified drive Defines the standard input text file Make a directory Defines the standard output text file Remove a directory Rename a file Rename a file or directory Open a text file for reading or binary file for read write Open a text or binary file for write access Remove a directory
78. is button you can debug a specific Function Trace Out If the cursor is positioned on a function call you can go on without enter in the function s code with this button a Insert breakpoint As the name implies a breakpoint when reached is supposed to stop the program execution In ET breakpoints can do more than just stop Each breakpoint can have any of several actions associated with it These actions can be the traditional break action the display of a fixed string or a calculated expression in the message log or the activation or deactivation of other groups of breakpoints You can insert a breakpoint in the code before start execution with a simple click Position the cursor on the left of number instruction then click left button mouse A red ball will appears S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual 4 Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs St 6 var a dataTemporanea string 8 9 procedure ButtoniClick Sender TObject 10 begin ii ShowMessage Hello Editi Text 12 end 13 14 procedure Button2Click Sender TObject 15 een 16 dataTemporanea dateToStr Now 17 edtDate Text dataTemporanea 18 Jeng 19 20 begin 21 jend if you run the script when the code has to execute line 13 the RAD stops execution and show the code 1 SFORM TForm2 fHello sfm 2 3 uses 4 Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs StdCtris 5 Hello world 7 dataTemporanea stri
79. is no need to understand what all the words in the above code stand for Just follow along we ll explain all that in the following chapters As you will understand more clearly through this course a procedure must have a unique name within the form The above procedure Delphi component event driven procedure is named for you The name consists of the name of the form prefixed with T TForm a full stop the component name Buttoni and the event name Click For any component there is a set of events that you could create event S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD ER handlers for Just creating an event handler does not guarantee your application will do something on the event you must write some event handling code in the body of the procedure A few words on Delphi Object Pascal The code you write inside event procedures is Pascal code Object Pascal or Delphi Pascal as I will mostly call it a set of object oriented extensions to standard Pascal is the language of Delphi Delphi Pascal enables you to take advantage of object oriented programming to its fullest It can be said that Delphi Pascal is to Pascal what C is to C As Delphi was being developed new language behavior and keywords were added to deal with the component model In general Delphi Pascal is a high level compiled strongly typed language that supports structured and object oriented design We ll now write some code for the OnClick event handler of Button
80. ith an Except On clause var number zero Integer begin Try to divide an integer by zero to raise an exception Try zero 0 number 1 div zero ShowMessage number zero IntToStr number Except on E Exception do ShowMessage E ClassName error raised with message E Message S T A DATA srl e ET RAD user manual end end Using ET RAD Start New Project Navigation Using ET RAD gt Create a New Script From Menu File gt New Project in the windows Select Language confirm Pascal as Select the script language for form Piano ET Die Project Tools G el aoe Properties Events Form2 TScriptForm OnActivate OnAligninser B OnAlignPosition JHE Se Component About Ae pps project RAD tr Script Demos gt hello gt 4 Cerca Beg Ce Organizza v naa Visualizza v Collegamenti preferiti E Documenti BB Nuova cartella Nome I history Ultima modifica Tipo 7 HelloWorld ssproj Ei Risorse recenti RW Desktop OnContextPopup OnCreate OnDblClick OnDeactivate OnDestroy OnDockDrop OnDockOver OnDragDrop OnDragOver OnEndDock OnGetSiteInfo OnHelp OnHide OnkeyDown OnKeyPress OnKeyUp Cartelle Altro dE 3MuriStampe a d Analisi Carichi A Cerchiature FRP J Demos A Access3Mreader E J db E d hello L history E enake S Tipo File SSPROJ
81. le Getting information about files and directories We have only covered data access to files There are a number of routines that allow you to do all sorts of things with files and directories that contain them ChDir Change the working drive plus path for a specified drive CreateDir Create a directory DeleteFile Delete a file specified by its file name Erase Erase a file FileExists Returns true if the given file exists FileSearch Search for a file in one or more directories FileSetDate Set the last modified date and time of a file Flush Flushes buffered text file data to the file GetCurrentDir Get the current directory drive plus directory S T A DATA srl e ET RAD user manual Using TStringList to read and write text files The TStringList class is a very useful utility class that works on a lits of strings each indexable like an array The list can be sorted and supports name value pair strings allowing selection by name or value These lists can be furnished from text files in one fell swoop Here we show a TStringList object being created and loaded from a file var fileData TStringList Our TStringList variable begin fileData TStringList Create Create the TSTringList object fileData LoadFromFile Testing txt Load from Testing txt file We can display the whole file in a Memo box memoBox Text fileData Text and we can display or process the file with direct access to any line at any
82. m ReadLn Reset Rewrite Round Scripter SetOf ShowMessage Sin Sqr S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual Sart StrToDate StrToDateTime StrToFloat StrToInt StrT oIntDef StrToTime Time TimeToStr Trim TrimLeft TrimRight Trunc UpperCase VarArrayCreate VarArray HighBound VarArrayLowBound VarIsNull VarToStr Write WriteLn All functions procedures added are similar to the Delphi ones with the exception of those marked with a explained below 3 1 2 16 Except Starts the error trapping clause of a Try statement Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Except Starts the error trapping clause of a Try statement Try Statement Statement Except Statement Statement End Try Statement Statement Except On Name Exception type Do Statement Else Statement End Description The Except keyword is used to mark the start of a block of statements that handle an exception in a Try clause If the Except block can handle the exception then the program is not terminated S T A DATA srl ET Feature overview st Except has two different syntaxes Version 1 In this version if the Try clause generates an exception the Except clause is executed This is used to take alternative action when something unexpected goes wrong The except clause cannot determine the error type however Version 2 This is similar to version 2 but
83. m aware that this is not the place to explain OOP in Delphi but I sense that something must be stated The basics of object oriented programming in Delphi will be discussed in the next chapter of this course however some words must be explained now A class or class type defines a structure consisting of fields methods and properties Instances of a class type are called objects For example in real world a class PROGRAMMER can have properties like Years_Of_Experience and Projects_Developed It can expose methods like Write_Program and Talk_To_Users A class is something that does not truly exists An object DELPHI PROGRAMMER is a specific instance of a class The TForm is a class inherited from TForm line 05 Each component dropped on a form becomes a field or variable of the TForm1 class lines 06 through 08 For example Edit1 is a variable of a TEdit type which you see on the screen when you run the program When you need to read a value from this particular edit box you use the Edit1 variable like in s Edit1 Text Each event handling procedure for a form events or events for components dropped on a form form fields will have its declaration line 09 in the interface type part The INTERFACE VAR section This part line 15 16 of the interface section is used to declare create a Formi object as an instance of the TFormi class If you have created your own data type with fields properties and methods as a part o
84. messages are handled by a message handler that translates the message to Delphi event handlers For instance when a user clicks a button on a form Windows sends a message to the application and the application reacts to this new event If the OnClick event for a button is specified it gets executed Object Inspector Button TButtor z Properties Events Action a OnClick Buttoni Click OnContextPopt OnDragDrop OnDragO ver OnEndDock x All shown The code to respond to events is contained in Delphi event procedures event handlers All components have a set of events that they can react on For example all clickable components have an OnClick event that gets fired if a user clicks a component with a mouse All such components have an event for getting and loosing the focus too However if you do not specify the code for OnEnter and OnExit OnEnter got focus OnExit lost focus the event will be ignored by your application To see a list of events a component can react on select a component and in the Object Inspector activate the Events tab To really create an event handling procedure decide on what event you want your component to react and double click the event name For example select the Button1 component and double click the OnClick event name Delphi will bring the Code Editor to the top of the screen and the skeleton code for the OnClick event will be created Note For the moment there
85. mt B has been set to d B end Notice that when defining two argument types the arguments are separated witha Same routine different parameters One of the benefits of Object Oriented programming is that some of the rigidity of procedural languages was relaxed This has spilled over into non object orientation subroutines as opposed to class methods One of the benefits is that we can define two or more subroutines that have exactly the same name Pascal is able to tell them apart by the different number or types of parameters The example below illustrates this with two versions of the DoIt procedure procedure Dolt overload begin ShowMessage DoIt with no parameters called end procedure Dolt msg String overload begin ShowMessage Dolt called with parameter msg end procedure TFormi FormCreate Sender TObject begin Call the procedure using no parameters Dolt Now call the procedure using one parameter DoIt Hi there end 2 3 Keywords Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Keywords S T A DATA srl 16 ET RAD user manual Unit Keyword Summary Construct or Destructo E Div ie DownTo Else Syst Function em Goto Boolean and or bitwise and of two arguments A data type holding indexable collections of data Used for casting object references Keyword that starts a statement block A mechanism for acting upon different val
86. n ShowMessage File t topenDialog FileName else ShowMessage Open file was cancelled Free up the dialog openDialog Free end 4 14 Save Dialog Component Navigation Using ET RAD gt Save Dialog Component The Save Dialog is a visual component It is used to allow a user to select the name of a file to save to S T A DATA srl 90 ET RAD user manual It can be defined by dragging the save dialog icon from the Dialogs tab in Delphi or by defining a TSaveDialog variable The TSaveDialog can be configured to suit your needs When using it you would proceed along the following steps Creating the dialog object You define a TSaveDialog variable and then assign a new TSaveDialog object to it var saveDialog TSaveDialog begin saveDialog TSaveDialog Create self Note that the dialog must have an anchor here we provide the current object self as the anchor Setting options Before displaying the dialog you are likely to configure it to your needs by setting the dialog properties Here are the main properties Title property Gives the caption to the dialog FileName property Gives a default file name to save Otherwise the file name field is blank DefaultExt property Defines the extension that will be added to the user file name if manually typed rather than selected from the file list If their are two or more save filter extension types then this value is ignored However it mus
87. nents GUI components GUI stands for Graphical User Interface It refers to the windows buttons dialogs menus and everything visual in a modern application A GUI component is one of these graphical building blocks Delphi lets you build powerful applications using a rich variety of these components These components are grouped under a long set of tabs in the top part of the Delphi screen starting with Standard at the left We ll look at this Standard tab here It looks something like this Delphi allows you to tinker with nearly everything in its interface so it may look different on your system Standard Additional Win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart Std samples richViev RNrkamamr ege S S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD at Each of the components is described below with a picture of a typical GUI object they can create Note that the displayed components were taken from an XP computer In order to get the new XP look the XP themed GUI look you must add the XP Manifest component to you form It is found under the Win32 component tab 3 Menus After you add a TMenu component to your form you can design the menu by double clicking it or using the right button popup menu for it You are then shown a panel with an empty menu As you type you are creating the top left menu item Press enter and you are positioned at the first sub item of this menu item Click the new empty box to the right of the first menu item to create a
88. new menu item In this way you can build the menu structure To make each menu item do something just double click it Delphi will then insert code into your program to handle the menu item and position your cursor in the form unit ready for you to write your code Explore the popup menu for the menu editor to discover more options such as sub menus A menu can also be dynamically updated by your code 3 Popup menus A popup menu appears in many applications when you right click on something For example when you right click the Windows desktop You create a popup menu by adding the popup menu component to your form and double clicking it You then simply type in your menu item list You attach the popup menu to an existing form object or the form itself by selecting your new popup menu in the PopupMenu property of the object To activate the popup menu items double click each in turn Delphi will add the appropriate code to your form unit You can then type in the code that each menu item should perform A popup menu can also be dynamically updated by your code A Labels Labels are the simplest component They are used to literally label things on a form but the text colours and so on can be changed by your code For example you can change the label colour when the mouse hovers over it and can run code when the user clicks it This makes the label like a web page link Normally they are just kept as plain unchanging text ab
89. ng Code IntToStr i table FieldByName Created AsDateTime Date table FieldByName Volume AsFloat Random 10000 table Post end S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 113 6 if you want to change an order for records simply change IndexFieldNames property For example next command will sort your memory dataset by Created field table IndexFieldNames Created 7 note that TClientDataset also allow to save memory dataset to file and load from file table SaveT oFile c mem cds table LoadFromFile c mem cds 4 20 Sample Script Navigation Using ET RAD gt Sample Script in directory Demos there are 5 script for an overview how to manage code Demos Access3Mreader helloWorls ssproj A simple script for understand how to manage components Demos Access3Mreader snake ssproj A simple game for understand how to manage components and methods Demos Access3Mreader Access3M ssproj learn how to interface 3Muri Access dataBase Demos db DBCustomers learn how to use Data Base components Demos StringGrid StringGridSample ssproj learn how to use StringGrid component Insert e read values with string grids very important Note when you design a stringGrid in the form the component has the property write on cells automatically set off this is a misteriously thing and the property for set editing on is cached under Options the first thing you have to do with String Grid component is 1 Go to String
90. ng 8 Type your name 9 procedure ButtoniClick Sender TObject 10 begin 11 ShowMessage Hello Editi Text H N end m W w procedure Button2Click Sender TObject Gro nm dataTemporanea dateToStr Now 087 edtDate Text dataTemporanea 18 19 20 begin 21 Jeng 3 Buttons allow you to watch expression during debug session Enable and disable Watch windows Add Watch Expression Remove Selected Watch Expression Clicking now the add watch expression button a windows ask you to insert the variable name you want inspect S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD Standard additional Win32 Dialogs System Tee Chart Std ae Data Controls Data Access DbGo SMe ameae e agag MainUnit Fell out lX D Bloel P Url FON d w SFORM TForm2 fHello sfm x ScripterStudio Watch Properties ms Dialogs StdCtris Expression data emporanea SE Hello world V Enabled Type your name Cancel ject 10 begin 11 ShowMessage Hello Editi Text 12 end 14 procedure Button2Click Sender TObject mm H a dataTemporanea dateToStr Now KA edtDate Text dataTemporanea 20 begin 21 jend you can see watch expressions list in the windows under the code If you don t see that windows you must click Enable and disable Watch windows button LL Watch name Valu
91. ngExpression function in DLLRad stored in c windows system32 FORM TForm2 Unit2 sfm uses Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs StdCtrls Windows var dll THandle resultDIl string declaration of external functions function cse espressione string string external DIIRad dll name CalculateStringExpression procedure Form2Close Sender TObject var Action TCloseAction begin FreeLibrary dll end procedure Form2Create Sender TObject begin try dil LoadLibrary DllRad except showmessage Load DLL error DilRad end end S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 111 procedure Button1Click Sender TObject begin resultDIl cse ExprEdt T ext edtResult text resultDIl end Note the script project is stored in c program files stadata ET script samples caldlilrad 4 19 6 Split function Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt Split function A simple function that accepts a string and a delimiter char splits a string into tokens TStringList items delimited with a char value procedure TForm1 Button1Click Sender TObject var A TStringList begin A TStringList Create try Split your ET guide A ShowMessage a 0 your ShowMessage a 1 ET ShowMessage a 2 guide finally A Free end end you can copy this function and add in your code function Split StrBuf Delimiter string TStringList begin MyStrList
92. nly set up by your code You define the buttons by calling the Items Add method of the TRadioGroup object passing the caption string of each radio button as a parameter You can reference each button by using the Buttons indexed property You might for example choose the third button to be checked For example Empty panels When building your form you might want to add many components These may fall into logical groups If so you can add each group to a panel and use the panel to position the whole group on the form The panel name can be blanked out by setting the Caption property You can even hide the panel by setting the BevelOuter and BevelInner properties to bvNone 4 9 Additional tab GUI components Navigation Using ET RAD gt Additional tab GUI components GUI components GUI stands for Graphical User Interface It refers to the windows buttons dialogs menus and everything visual in a modern application A GUI component is one of these graphical building blocks Delphi lets you build powerful applications using a rich variety of these components The second component group is Additional Standard Additional win32 Dialogs System Tee Chari SEET A Each of the components is described below with a picture of a typical GUI object they can create Fi Two types of Buttons A button is the simplest active item When clicked by a user it performs some action You can change the button label by setting th
93. nteger external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotRCColumn function TotSteelWoodColumn integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotSteelWoodColumn function TotMasonryColumn integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll d name cls3muri_TotMasonryColumn K K OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK K K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK K Risultati nodi K K K OK OK OK OK K K K K OK OK OK OK K OK K K K OK OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK function ResNodes3D typeAnalysis string ID_Node integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResNodes3D function ResNodes2D typeAnalysis string ID_Node integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResNodes2D K K OK OK OK K K OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK K K OK K OK OK OK OK K OK K Elementi Muratura 3K K K OK OK OK OK K K K OK K OK OK OK K OK OK K K K OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK function ResElementWall typeAnalysis string num_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResElementWall Returns Damage information 0 Undamaged 1 Shear damage 2 Shear failure S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 103 3 Bending damage 4 Bending failure 5 Compression failure 6 Tension failure 7 Fa
94. number from 65 to 90 These numbers equate to characters A to Z i RandomRange 65 90 Return this value as a char type in the return variable Result Result Chr i end Let us call this function ShowMessage Char chosen is tRandomChar It is important to note that we return the value from a function in a special variable called Result that Pascal secretly defines for us to be the same type as the return type of the function We can assign to it at any point in the function When the function ends the value then held in Result is then returned to the caller A function with parameters function Average a b c Extended Extended begin return the average of the 3 passed numbers Result Mean a b c end Let us call this function ShowMessageFmt Average of 2 13 and 56 f Average 2 13 56 S T A DATA srl 12 ET RAD user manual Interfaces versus Implementation In the above examples we have shown the subroutines and the calling code in one sequence In practice even the calling code will be in a subroutine for a very good reason Let us show complete Unit code to clarify this Full Unit code You must store this code in a unit called Unit1 with a form called Form1 that has an OnCreate event called FormCreate unit Unit1 interface uses Forms Dialogs type TFormi class TForm procedure FormCreate Sender TObject end var Formi TForm1 implem
95. nverts a date time string into a TDateTime value iStrToFloat Convert a number string into a floating point value StrToInt Convert an integer string into an Integer value StrToInt64 Convert an integer string into an Int64 value StrToInt64Def Convert a string into an Int64 value with default StrToIntDef Convert a string into an Integer value with default StrToTime Converts a time string into a TDateTime value Val Converts number strings to integer and floating point values 2 8 Case statements Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Case statements The Case keyword provides a structured equivalent to a sequence of if statements on the same variable The Case statement is more elegant more efficient and easier to maintain than multiple if nestings Example code Standard case statement usage var colour TPrimary number Integer begin Show the colour before it has an assigned value ShowColour colour Now set the colour and try again colour Green ShowColour colour Calculations can also be used in the case statement S T A DATA srl 32 ET RAD user manual number 17 Case number mod 2 of 0 ShowMessage IntToStr Number mod 2 0 1 ShowMessage IntToStr Number mod 2 Ui else ShowMessage IntToStr Number mod 2 is unknown end end Procedure to show the colour of a passed procedure TForm1 ShowColour colour TPrimary begin Use a case statement to see the colou
96. on and a variable declaration section The INTERFACE USES section If the interface section includes a uses clause it must appear immediately after the S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD word interface A uses clause line 03 lists units used by the unit In most cases all necessary units are placed in the interface uses clause when Delphi compiler generates and maintains a units source The Windows Messages SysUtils etc are all standard Delphi units required by a program As you drop components on a form the necessary units will be added automatically to the uses clause For example if you add a TOpenDialog component on your form Dialogs page on the component palette the Dialogs unit will appear in the uses clause because it contains the logic for the TOpenDialog component and other Dialog components In some situations you ll need to manually add units to interface uses clause Suppose you are to use the TRegistry object designed to access the Windows Registry You cannot drop the TRegistry component on a form since it does not appear on the component palette you must manually add the word Registry to the uses list The INTERFACE TYPE section Another part of the interface section is the type section The form type declaration or form class declaration section introduces the form as a class The code from line 04 to 14 declares the existence and structure of a class called TForm1 A few words on classes and objects I
97. on the formto create the TDataSource component 4 Enter the name of the TTable or TQuery component to use as a database connection source in the DataSet property of the Object Inspector If the form contains any TTable or TQuery components you can choose a component from the drop down list instead 3 ET Feature overview 3 1 Language Features 3 1 1 Managing inludes modules Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt RIS Managing includes modules e Includes modules is the concept where a script can use other script to call procedures set global variables etc Take for example the following scripts Script 1 uses Script2 begin Script2GlobalVar Hello world S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 ShowScript2Var end Script2 var Script2GlobalVar string procedure ShowScript2Var begin ShowMessage Script2GlobalVar end When you execute the first script it uses Script2 and then it is able to read write global variables and call procedures from Script2 The only issue here is that script 1 must know where to find Script2 When the compiler reaches a identifier in the uses clause for example uses Classes Forms Script2 Then it tries to load the library in this way Tries to find a file in directory c program Files Sta Data RAD which name matches the library name 3 MURI OP Include Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features g
98. operators are binary they take two operands The rest are unary and take only one operand Binary operators use the usual algebraic form for example A B A unary operator always precedes its operand for example B In more complex expressions rules of precedence clarify the order in which operations are performed Precedence of operators Operators Precedence Categories not first high unary operators div mod and shli shr as second multiplying operators or xor third adding operators lt gt lt gt lt gt in is fourth low relational operators There are three basic rules of precedence An operand between two operators of different precedence is bound to the operator with higher precedence An operand between two equal operators is bound to the one on its left Expressions within parentheses are evaluated prior to being treated as a single S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview operand Operations with equal precedence are normally performed from left to right although the compiler may rearrange the operands to generate optimum code Expression syntax The precedence rules follow from the syntax of expressions which are built from factors terms and simple expressions 42 Objec t Pas cal Language Guide A factor s syntax follows not factor unsigned constant function call sign set constructor value typecast address factor expression factor fa
99. or IO error EInvalidCast Object casting error EInvalidOperation Bad component op EMenuError Menu item error EOSError Operating system error EParserError Parsing error EPrinter Printer error EPropertyError Class property error EPropReadOnly Invalid property access EPropWriteOnly Invalid property access EThread Thread error S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual 2 10 Files Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Files Pascal file support Pascal provides a number of different file access mechanisms The oldest is in support of consoles where the Read ReadLn Write and WriteLn routines have a syntax that omits the file name With no file name IO Input and Output is routed to the console The following information can be useful for your online university degree or for a better understanding of Pascal Of greater importance to modern applications are disk file operations Disks such as hard disks floppy disks CDs and DVDs the latter are treated as read only Pascal confusingly provides two basic sets of routines for file handling The most Pascal like are covered by this article and this web site The other type are thin wrappers around Windows APIs and as such are platform specific They also support text files less intuitively They are not covered here Additionally hidden away Pascal provides a very elegant way of reading and writing complete text files The TStringList class has methods for loading the
100. or example a collection of fish names If you set the MultiSelect property to true you allow the user to select more than one The items in the list are added using the Items Add method passing the string of each item as a parameter You can act upon an item being selected by setting the OnClick event by double clicking it to a procedure in your form unit The following example displays the selected list item in a dialog box Combo boxes A combo box is like a list box and is set up in the same way see above It just takes up less space on your form by collapsing to a single line when deselected showing the chosen list item It is not recommend to use one for multi line selection H Scroll bars Many components have built in scroll bars For those that don t you can use this to do your own scrolling You link the scrollbar to your component by setting the OnScroll event This gives you the details of the last scroll activity made by the user Group boxes A group box is like a panel It differs in that it gives a name to the collection of components that you add to it This title is set with the Caption property Use a group box to help the user see what controls affect one particular S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD s aspect of the application Radio group panels Radio buttons are used to give a user a multiple choices For example whether to left centre or right align text Unlike individual radio buttons a group is o
101. or expression and case expression Example case uppercase Fruit of Im el ShowMessage green orange ShowMessage orange apple ShowMessage red else S T A DATA srl ET Feature overview ShowMessage black end 3 1 2 13 Function and procedure declaration Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Function and procedure declaration Declaration of functions and procedures are similar to Object Pascal in Pascal with the difference you don t specify variable types Just like OP to return function values use implicited declared result variable Parameters by reference can also be used with the restriction mentioned no need to specify variable types Some examples procedure HelloWord begin ShowMessage Hello world end procedure UpcaseMessage Msqg begin ShowMessage Uppercase Msqg end function TodayAsString begin result DateToStr Date end function Max A B begin if A gt B then result A else result B end procedure SwapValues var A B Var Temp begin Temp A A B B Temp end 3 1 2 14 Supported types Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Supported types Scripter support following basic data types on arguments and result of external functions Integer Boolean Char S T A DATA srl s ET RAD user manual Extended String Pointer PChar Object
102. ori 1 to 4 do byteArray i i i Value 1 4 9 16 Write only the first 4 items from the data array to the file BlockWrite myFile byteArray 1 Write 1 record of 4 bytes Close the file CloseFile myFile Reopen the file for reading only FileMode fmOpenRead Reset myFile 1 Now we define one record as 1 byte Display the file contents Start with a read of the first 6 bytes count is set to the actual number read ShowMessage Reading first set of bytes BlockRead myFile byteArray 6 count Display the byte values read S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview for i 1 to count do ShowMessage IntToStr byteArray i Now read one byte at a time to the end of the file ShowMessage Reading remaining bytes while not Eof myFile do begin BlockRead myFile oneByte 1 Read and display one byte at a time ShowMessage IntToStr oneByte end Close the file for the last time CloseFile myFile end Reading first set of bytes e ZE CT Reading remaining bytes ka vw P ka ON Other file processing mechanisms Typed binary files provide direct access methods in addition to sequential reads and writes Click on a routine name to learn more FilePos Gives the file position in a binary or text file Seek Moves to a new position in the file SeekEof Skip to the end of the current line or file SeekEoln Skip to the end of the current line or fi
103. pt where there are problems Pascal provides a simply construct for wrapping code with exception handling When an exception occurs in the wrapped code or anything it calls the code will jump to the exception handling part of the wrapping code S T A DATA srl EA ET RAD user manual end We literally try to execute some code which will run except when an error exception occurs Then the except code will take over Let us look at a simple example where we intentionally divide a number by zero var numberl number0O Integer begin try number 0 number 1 numberl number1 div number ShowMessage 1 0 IntToStr number1 except on E Exception do begin ShowMessage Exception class name E ClassName ShowMessage Exception message E Message end end end When the division fails the code jumps to the except block The first ShowMessage statement therefore does not get executed In our exception block we can simpl place code to act regardless of the type of error Or we can do different things depending on the error Here we use the On function to act on the exception type The On clause checks against one of a number of Exception classes The top dog is the Exception class parent of all exception classes This is guaranteed to be activated above We can pick out of this class the name of the actual exception class name EDivByZero and the message divide by zero We could hav
104. r al Edit boxes An edit box allows the user to type in a single line of text For example the name of the user You set up the initial value with the Text property either at design time or when your code runs Memo boxes A memo box displays a single string as a multi line wrapped text display You cannot apply any formatting The displayed lines are set using the Lines property This may be set at design time as well as at run time w Buttons A button is the simplest active item When clicked by a user it performs some action You can change the button label by setting the Caption property Double clicking the button when designing adds code to your form to run S T A DATA srl e2 ET RAD user manual when the button is clicked at run time a Check boxes Check boxes are used to give a user a yes no choice For example whether to wrap text or not The label is set using the Caption property You can preset the check box to ticked by setting the Checked property to true O s f z i Radio buttons Radio buttons are used to give a user multiple choices For example whether to left centre or right align text The label is set using the Caption property You can preset a radio button to selecteded by setting the Checked property to true You would normally use radio buttons in groups of two or more The TRadioGroup component allows you to do this in a neat and dynamic way Si List boxes List boxes provide selectable items F
105. r manual Setting options Before displaying the dialog you are likely to configure it to your needs by setting the dialog properties Here are the main properties Title property Used to set the caption for the dialog FileName property Gives a default file name to open Otherwise the file name field is blank When returning from the dialog if the user has hit OK this property will contain the first selected file name including its full path see the first example Filter property This allows only certain file types to be displayed and selectable The filter text is displayed in a drop down below the file name field The following example selects for text files only openDialog Filter Text files only txt The drop down dialog shows the description before the separator After the separator you define a mask that selects the files you want openDialog Filter Text and Word files only txt doc Above we have allowed two different file types separated by a openDialog Filter Text files txt Word files doc Above we have allowed text and Word files as two options in the drop down list FilterIndex property Defines which starting at 1 of the drop down filter choices will be displayed first InitialDir property Sets the starting directory in the dialog Options property This is a set of TOpenOptions flags These are quite extensive The key values are ofReadOnlyOpens the file for r
106. r of the passed var Note how important the else clause is even though we have apparently covered all TPrimary values Case colour of Red ShowMessage The colour is Red Green ShowMessage The colour is Green Blue ShowMessage The colour is Blue Yellow ShowMessage The colour is Yellow else ShowMessage The colour is Unknown end end The colour is Unknown The colour is Green 17 mod 2 is 1 Example code Case within a record type Declare a fruit record using case to choose the diameter of a round fruit or length and height ohterwise TFruit record name string 20 Case isRound Boolean of Choose how to map the next section True diameter Single Maps to same storage as length False length Single Maps to same storage as diameter width Single end var apple banana fruit TFruit begin Set up the apple as round with appropriate dimensions apple name Apple apple isRound True apple diameter 3 2 Set up the banana as long with appropriate dimensions banana name Banana banana isRound False banana length 7 65 banana width 1 3 Show the attributes of the apple fruit apple S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 33 if fruit isRound then ShowMessage fruit name diameter FloatToStrF fruit diameter ffFixed 2 1 else ShowMessage fruit name length zit FloatToStrF f
107. rators that are commonly used Here are some examples using these operators var myString string begin myString Hello World String concatenation if ABC abc Equality then ShowMessage ABC abc if ABC ABC Equality then ShowMessage ABC ABC if ABC lt abc Less than then ShowMessage ABC lt abc if ABC lt abc Less than or equal then ShowMessage ABC lt abc if ABC gt abc Greater than then ShowMessage ABC gt abc if ABC gt abc Greater than or equal then ShowMessage ABC gt abc if ABC lt gt abc Inequality then ShowMessage ABC lt gt abc end S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual ABC ABC ABC lt abc ABC lt abc ABC lt gt abc String processing routines There are a number of string manipulation routines that are given by example below Click on any of themto learn more and also click on WrapText for another more involved routine Click on the following to learn more AnsiLeftStr Returns leftmost characters of a string AnsiMidStr Returns middle characters of a string AnsiRightStr Returns rightmost characters of a string AnsiStartsStr Does a string start with a substring AnsiContainsStr Does a string contain another AnsiEndsStr Does a string end with a substring AnsilndexStr Check substring list against a string AnsiMatchStr Check substring list against a string AnsiReverseS
108. re name This fact is very important If in some stage of the development of your project you decide to save AboutFormuUnit under a different name you will need to change the call to any procedure inside that unit since the name of the unit will no longer be AboutFormUnit This is the reason why you should give meaningful name to units in the early stage of form unit development Anything that appears in a unit s implementation section that is not referenced in the interface is private to that unit This means that a procedure or function declared and defined implemented in the implementation section cannot be called from another unit unless its header is listed in that unit s interface The INITIALIZATION and FINALIZATION sections These two sections are optional they are not automatically generated when we create a unit If we want to initialize any data the unit uses we can add an initialization code to the initialization section of the unit When an application uses a unit the code within the unit s initialization part is called before the any other application code runs If your unit needs to perform any cleanup when the application terminates such as freeing any resources allocated in the initialization part you can add a finalization section to your unit The finalization section comes after the initialization section but before the final end 4 8 Standard tab GUI components Navigation Using ET RAD gt Standard tab GUI compo
109. reate is called constructor This will reserve memory form it When you are done using it you should free this memory using MyObject Free free is destructor What makes objects powerful is that they can inherit variables and methods constructors destructors functions and procedures from other objects If you need an object that is just the same as MyObject but has an additional FirstName String variable you can use inheritance to achieve this type TMySecondObject object TMyObject FirstName String end There is no need to reprogram all stuff that you already specified in TMyObject The object concept is taken from the Turbo Pascal days The components in Delphi are all classes Classes are very similar to objects The main difference is in the declaration Classes are always Pointers you do not need to declare this any more PMyObject as a class would look like this type TMyClass class MyByte Byte Name String procedure DoSomething function Whatever byte end Inheritance works the same way as with objects There are different sections in a class private protected public and published Example type TMyClass class private Password String procedure ModifyPassword protected Username String public Phonenumber String end The password should not be visible from outside the object this means only methods of the object can access it However a private member is not as private as you might
110. ruit length ffFixed 2 1 width FloatToStrF fruit width ffFixed 2 1 Show the attributes of the banana fruit banana if fruit isRound then ShowMessage fruit name diameter FloatToStrF fruit diameter ffFixed 2 1 else ShowMessage fruit name length zit FloatToStrF fruit length ffFixed 2 1 width FloatToStrF fruit width ffFixed 2 1 end Apple diameter 3 2 Banana length 7 7 width 1 3 2 9 Exception handling Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Exception handling Handling errors in Delphi Whilst we all want to spend our time writing functional code errors will and do occur in in code from time to time Sometimes these are outside of our control such as a low memory situation on your PC In serious code you should handle error situations so that at the very least the user is informed about the error in your chosen way Pascal uses the event handling approach to error handling Errors are mostly treated as exceptions which cause program operation to suspend and jump to the nearest exception handler If you don t have one this will be the Pascal default handler it will report the error and terminate your program Often you will want to handle the error and continue with your program For example you may be trying to display a picture on a page but cannot find it So you might display a placeholder instead Much like Internet Explorer does Try exce
111. s that provide the visible user interface to the data TTable TQuery and TStoredProc when it returns a result set contain a collection of TField components Each TField corresponds to a column or field in the table or query TFields are created e Automatically when TTable TQuery or TStoredProc are activated e At design time using the Fields editor For more information about TFields and the Fields editor see Chapter 3 Using data access components and tools For more information about TStoredProc see Chapter 6 Building a client server application Understanding TTable The TTable component is the easiest way for a programmer to specify a database table for access To put a TTable component on a form 1 Select the Data Access page from the Component palette 2 Click the Table icon S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual 3 Click on the formto drop the TTable component 4 Enter the directory where the database resides in the DatabaseName property of the Object Inspector window For SQL databases enter an alias name Note An alias can also be used for local Paradox and dBASE tables You can choose an alias from a drop down list in the Object Inspector 5 Enter the name of the table to use in the TableName property of the Object Inspector window or you can also choose a table from the drop down list instead of entering the name By default a TTable component accesses every column in a table when
112. s the result of the entire expression becomes evident This model is convenient in most cases because it guarantees minimum execution time and usually minimum code size Short circuit evaluation also makes possible the evaluation of constructs that would not otherwise be legal For example while I lt Length S and S I lt gt do Inc I while P lt gt nil and P Value lt gt 5 do P P Next In both cases the second test isn t evaluated if the first test is False The evaluation model is controlled through the B compiler directive The default state is B and in this state the compiler generates short circuit evaluation code In the B state the compiler generates complete evaluation Because Standard Pascal doesn t specify which model should be used for Boolean expression evaluation programs dependent on either model aren t truly portable You may decide however that sacrificing portability is worth the gain in execution speed and simplicity provided by the short circuit model String operator The types of operands and results for string operation are shown in the following table Table 5 6 String operation Operator Operation Operand types Result type concatenation string type Char type or packed string type string type Object Pascal allows the operator to be used to concatenate two string operands The result of the operation S T where S andT are of a string type a Char type or
113. sRcWallLink typeAnalysis string num_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResRc WallLink function ResFloor typeAnalysis string num_Element integer stepN integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_ResFloor FK K OK OK OK K OK OK K OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK K OK K S T A DATA srl 104 ET RAD user manual Gestione dei Risultati 3K K K OK OK OK OK K K K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK K K K OK OK OK OK OK OK K OK OK OK OK OK OK function Constrained typeAnalysis string num_Element integer boolean external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_Constrained function TotFloor integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotFloor function TotMaterials integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_T otMaterials function TotReinforcements integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll d name cls3muri_TotReinforcements function TotWalls integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPadll dll name cls3muri_TotWalls function TotLevels integer external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_TotLevels function RCWall typeAnalysis string num_Element integer double external C Windows System32 TreMuriOPdll dll name cls3muri_RCWall function RCW
114. sedvcceetndassavesseactovtenssteuested cos aae aa a aaaea aaa a en erdek 50 Pascal ET Syntax VE Klee Et e Ee Eed El EE Eege ee ee PIT AYS ENEE EEN S Eu IF Statement ege eeng enee While statements Repeat statemets eeaeee For statement Ee arrani aii EE ced en A a ee CASE elteren scan cocks usdekpedcedecgatccwetasece hin vi ga sade bin satevst saae juceuenechbestel A Function and procedure declaration SUPPOMSd We The TatSystemLibrary rap Except Starts the error trapping clause of a Try statement nn 60 Parte IV Using ET RAD 62 S T A DATA srl 4 ET RAD user manual O AN Oo FP WN a 2 2 2 2 sch ech oO N o o FPF WN CO 20 Start N w Proje tessi cestircsiecectede decades ge cncede ENAN NRA EKD ETa AEAN EURER AREENA AREA EREET KENARA 62 OPEN Script Projecti ie enina a e daa e raae iaaa aaeeea aaa a a Aedan dannii Ean dra na daa i da e diaaa aaae ina 67 Save Script Project EE 68 Scoript Sttruchire oreina nakin aa aaa aaa a aa aa aa aa aiana KaR aiaa aaa 71 EL RAD Environments a iets deels EES EES ege Seege 72 Debugging ET Script EE 74 Understanding the Script unit Source RER EEE RRE EE eeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeas 77 Standard tab GUI components EEN 80 Additional tab GUI components EEN 83 Win32 tab GUECOMPONE NMS 25 25 25 ees cata SERA 84 Dialog tab GUI components cece cette ee teen eee eens EEN tees aa eeeeeeaeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaaeeeeesaaeeeeeees 85 System tab GU
115. t Managing inludes modules gt 3 MURI OP Interface this is another include module you can use in your script if you need to manage 3muri calculations or language if you want include this module in your project you must add it in the uses uses Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs StdCtris Windows Math ClipBrd FileCtrl strUtils ComCtrls ImgList Buttons ExtCtris sysUtils System Inifiles Db Grids Menus OPFunctions StaDataSysUtils for a complete list of function refer to 3 MURI OP Interface You can see a complete use of these functions in TreMuriT oExcel script SysDataUtils include Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Managing inludes modules gt SysDataUtils include S T A DATA srl ET Feature overview 51 StaDataSysUtils is a precompiled module with some functions you can use in your script if you want include this module in your project you must add it in the uses uses Classes Graphics Controls Forms Dialogs StdCtris Windows Math ClipBrd FileCtrl strUtils ComCtrls ImgList Buttons ExtCtris sysUtils System Inifiles Db Grids Menus OPFunctions StaDataSysuUtils functions you can call in this module split The Split method is intended to work as a simple string parser It scans for separating characters extracting the text either side of the separator into substrings For example the following string Age 47 Name Neil Occupation Pro
116. t be provided in order for the drop down list extension values to be used Strange Filter property This allows only certain file types to be displayed and selectable The filter text is displayed in a drop down below the file name field The following example selects for text files only saveDialog Filter Text files only txt The drop down dialog shows the description before the separator After the separator you define a mask that selects the files you want saveDialog Filter Text files txt Word files doc Above we have allowed text and Word files as two options in the drop down list FilterIndex property Defines which starting at 1 of the drop down filter choices will be displayed first InitialDir property Sets the starting directory in the dialog S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD ot Displaying the dialog We now call a method of TSaveDialog if saveDialog Execute then Execute returns true if the user selected a file and hit OK You can then save to the selected file Finishing with the dialog The selected file obtained using the following property FileName property This holds the full path plus file name of the selected file Finally we must free the dialog object saveDialog free 4 15 Font Dialog Component Navigation Using ET RAD gt Font Dialog Component To use the Font dialog box the user should first have text that needs to and can be formatted Users usually c
117. t is printed Such as multiple copies and pages to be printed You first use the class by creating an object from it and then setting the required dialog attributes from the following list CollateWhether to preset the Collate option CopiesHow many copies to print FromPageSelected page in page range ToPageSelected page in page range MinPageEarliest selectable page MaxPageLatest selectable page PrintRangeStarting page selection type OptionsVarious multi selectable options PrintToFilelf false we print to paper The PrintRange values are prAllPagesAll pages to print prSelectionPage selection to print prPageNumsPage number range to print You choose one before the dialog starts and check to see if the user has changed it when the dialog ends The Options values may be one of the following poPrintToFilePrint to file poPageNumsPrint by page range poSelectionPrint by page selection S T A DATA srl 96 ET RAD user manual poWarningWarning if bad printer poHelpDisply help poDisablePrintToFilePrint to file disallowed Some of these options may also be set by the dialog user Always check their values afterwards After setting these options use the Execute method to display the dialog checking the Boolean outcome after it runs to know whether to proceed with the printing Example code const TOTAL_PAGES 4 How many pages to print var printDialog TPrintDialog page startPage endPage Integer
118. te For a long time this was the easy way to handle text But this left many countries especially in Asia out of the picture The WideChar type can support double byte characters which can hold numeric representations of the vast alphabets of China Japan and so on These are called International characters International applications must use WideChar and WideString types Strings A single character is useful when parsing text one character at a time However to handle words and sentences and screen labels and so on strings are S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview used A string is literally a string of characters It can be a string of Char AnsiChar or WideChar characters Assigning to and from a string A ShortString is a fixed 255 characters long A String by default is the same as an AnsiString and is of any length you want WideStrings can also be of any length Their storage is dynamically handled In fact if you copy one string to another the second will just point to the contents of the first Here are some assignments var source target last String begin source Hello World Assign from a string literal target source Assign from another variable last Don t do that Quotes in a string must be doubled end source is now set to Hello World target is now set to Hello World last is now set to Don t do that String operators There are a number of primitive string ope
119. the drag but before you release the mouse button press the Esc key The control will snap back to its original position Container components Besides the form itself Delphi provides several components such as the group box panel and page control that can contain other components The idea of a container is that all the components will behave as one at design time For example when you move a container component the child components move with it Once you have placed container component on the form make sure that it is selected than add child components to the container as you normally would A different view of components is shown in the right of the form S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD TMainMenu E TPopupmenu A TLabel fab TEdit TMemo Lol TButton X_TCheckBox Standard TRadioButton TListBox r E TComboBox S TGroupBox TPanel TRadioGroup oy TBitBin sl TSpeedBut ke TMaskEdit TImage e TShape C TBevel A TStaticText e TSplitter nit TStringGrid Additional in the left of the windows the Properties and Event table linked to the component selected on design form S T A DATA srl ET RAD user manual Properties Eyents Formi TScriptForm X Action zl ActiveControl a Align alNone AlignWithMargins False AlphaBlend False AlphaBlendValue 255 HlAnchors akLeft akTop AutoScroll Fake AutoSize False BiDiMode bdLeftToRight 1Bor
120. time In the example code below we open a text file reverse all lines in the file and then save it back Not terribly useful but it shows the power of TStringList var fileData TStringList saveLine String lines i Integer begin fileData TStringList Create Create the TSTringList object fileData LoadFromFile Test txt Load from Testing txt file Reverse the sequence of lines in the file lines fileData Count for i lines 1 downto lines div 2 do begin saveLine fileData lines i 1 fileData lines i 1 fileData i fileData i saveLine end Now display the file for i 0 to lines 1 do ShowMessage fileData i fileData SaveToFile Test txt Save the reverse sequence file end S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview Take a look at TStringList to read more If you are looking for exchange hosting use the best 2 11 Dates and times Navigation Delphi and Pascal overview gt Dates and times The TDateTime data type Date and time processing depends on the TDateTime variable It is used to hold a date and time combination It is also used to hold just date or time values the time and date value is ignored respectively TDateTime is defined in the System unit Date constants and routines are defined in SysUtils and DateUtils units Let us look at some simple examples of assigning a value to a TDateTime variable var date1 date2 date3 TDateTime
121. to IDStato AField value end Q3Muri Close Q3Muri SQL Clear end S T A DATA srl Using ET RAD 107 function ConnectDB FileName TFileName DBType TDBType pwd string boolean var DBName widestring begin ADO3MuriConn ConnectionString Provider Microsoft Jet OLEDB 4 0 Data Source FileName Persist Security Info False if pwd lt gt then ADO3MuriConn ConnectionString ADO3MuriConn ConnectionString Jet OLEDB Database Password pwd DBName FileName ADO3MuriConn LoginPrompt False result True try if NOT ADO3MuriConn Connected then ADO3MuriConn open Result True except Result false Exit end end 4 19 3 Replace function Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt Replace function you can copy and use this function in your code if you need replace a character or string in a string myString Marco MyString replace MyString c i myString Mario function replace Dest SubStr Str string string var Position Integer S T A DATA srl 108 ET RAD user manual looper boolean begin looper true while looper true do begin Position Pos SubStr Dest if position gt 0 then begin Delete Dest Position Length SubStr Insert Str Dest Position end else looper false end Result Dest end 4 19 4 Read and Write INI Files Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt Read and Write INI
122. tring Reverses characters in a string AnsiReplacStr Replaces all substring occurences DupeString Repeats a substring n times StrScan Scans a string for a specific character StuffString Replaces part of a string text Trim Removes leading and trailing white space TrimLeft Removes leading white space TrimRight Removes trailing white space Converting from numbers to strings CurrToStrF Convert a currency value to a string with formatting S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview 31 DateTimeToStr Converts TDateTime date and time values to a string DateTimeToString Rich formatting of a TDateTime variable into a string DateToStr Converts a TDateTime date value to a string FloatToStr Convert a floating point value to a string FloatToStrF Convert a floating point value to a string with formatting Format Rich formatting of numbers and text into a string FormatCurr Rich formatting of a currency value into a string FormatDateTime Rich formatting of a TDateTime variable into a string FormatFloat Rich formatting of a floating point number into a string IntToHex Convert an Integer into a hexadecimal string IntToStr Convert an integer into a string Str Converts an integer or floating point number to a string Converting from strings to numbers StringToWideChar Converts a string into a WideChar 0 terminated buffer StrToCurr Convert a number string into a currency value StrToDate Converts a date string into a TDateTime value StrToDateTime Co
123. tructor try except and try finally blocks case statements array constructors x 1 2 3 A and 0r lt gt gt lt gt lt div mod xor shl shr operators e access to object properties and methods ObjectName SubObject Property 3 1 2 2 Identifiers Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Identifiers Identifier names in script variable names function and procedure names etc follow the most common rules in pascal should begin with a character a z or A Z orl and can be followed by alphanumeric chars or _ char Cannot contain any other character os spaces S T A DATA srl ET Feature overview 53 Valid identifiers VarName _Some V1A2 Some Invalid identifiers 2Var My Name Some more This is not valid 3 1 2 3 Assign statements Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Assign statements Just like in Pascal assign statements assign a value or expression result to a variable or object property are built using Examples MyVar 2 Button Caption This is ok 3 1 2 4 Character strings Navigation ET Feature overview gt Language Features gt Pascal ET Syntax gt Character strings Strings sequence of characters are declared in pascal using single quote character Double quotes are not used You can also use nn to declare a character inside a
124. types in turn and then look at some of the large range of string processing routines provided by the Pascal run time library Note The information found on this site can be used to print informative brochures Brochure printing of this information is an easy way to teach a large group of people Characters Single character variables hold a single character of text Normally this can be held in one byte AnsiChar types are exactly one byte in size and can hold any of the characters in the Ansi character set The Ansi character set Notice that the digits come before the upper case letters which come before the lower case letters Assigning to and from character variables Here are some examples of characters along with assignments to and from them var lower upper copied fromNum AnsiChar begin lower ai Assign a lower case letter upper Q Assign an upper case letter copied lower Assign from another character variable fromNum Chr 65 Assign using a function end Notice the use of a run time library function Chr to convert a number to a character We can use the Ord function to convert a character into a number var myNum Byte begin myNum Ord A myNum is set to 65 end What are WideChar types The ansi character set derived from the earlier ascii character set Both were designed around European characters which comfortably fitted into 256 values the capacity of a single by
125. ue from a key ReadInteger ReadFloat and similiar are used to read a number from a key All read methods have a default value that can be used if the entry does not exist For example the ReadString is declared as function ReadString const Section Ident Default String String override Write to INI The TIniFile has a corresponding write method for each read method In other words they are WriteString WriteBool WriteInteger etc Example reading and writing Report3Muri ini BASICS_DATI_GENERAL I BASICS_PLANS Plans BASICS_INSPECTION Inspection QUALITY _TITLE Quality of Basics COM_REMARK Remarks CODE_TITLE Code Procedure ReadIniFile var IniET TInifile sFileIni string dirRad string begin dirRad ExtractFilePath Application ExeName sFileIni Report3Muri ini IniET TiniFile Create dirRad sFileIni sCampo IniET ReadString BASICS_ DATI_GENERALI BASICS_PLANS the value of sCampo become Plans now change sCampo and write new value sCampo NEW PLANS IniET WriteString BASICS_DATI_GENERALI BASICS_PLANS sCampo write and release ini file IniET Free now the ini files is modify as follow BASICS_DATI GENERALI BASICS_PLANS NEW PLANS end S T A DATA srl no ET RAD user manual 4 19 5 DIICall Navigation Using ET RAD gt Code Samples gt DII Call CallDLLRAD script sample show you how it s easy call a DLL function this sample call CalculateStri
126. ues of an Ordinal Starts the declaration of a type of object class Starts the definition of fixed data values Defines the method used to create an object from a class Defines the method used to destroy an object Performs integer division discarding the remainder Defines the start of some controlled action Prefixes an decremental for loop target value Starts false section of if case and try statements Keyword that terminates statement blocks Starts the error trapping clause of a Try statement Defines a typed or untyped file Starts the unconditional code section of a Try statement Starts a loop that executes a finite number of times Defines a subroutine that returns a value Forces a jump to a label regardless of nesting S T A DATA srl Delphi and Pascal overview If Starts a conditional expression to determine what to do next Impleme Starts the implementation code section of a ntation Unit In Used to test if a value is a member of a set Inherited Used to call the parent class constructor or destructor method Syst Interface Used for Unit external definitions and as a em Class skeleton Is Tests whether an object is a certain class or ascendant Mod Performs integer division returning the remainder Not Boolean Not or bitwise not of one arguments Syst Object Allows a subroutine data type to refer to an em object method Of Linking keyword used in many places On Defines exception handling in
127. with no leading zeroes except year ShowMessage d m y FormatDateTime d m y myDate Date only numeric values with leading zeroes ShowMessage dd mn7yy FormatDateTime dd mm yy myDate Use short names for the day month and add freeform text of ShowMessage ddd d of mmmyyyy FormatDateTime ddd d of mmm yyyy myDate Use long names for the day and month ShowMessage dddd d of mmmmyyyy FormatDateTime dddd d of mmmm yyyy myDate Use the ShortDateFormat settings only ShowMessage ddddd FormatDateTime ddddd myDate Use the LongDateFormat settings only S T A DATA srl ER ET RAD user manual The ShowMessage routine shows the following outputs d m y 9 2 00 dd mm yy 09 02 00 ddd d of mmmyyyy Wed 9 of Feb 2000 dddd d of mmmm yyyy Wednesday 9 of February 2000 ddddd 09 02 2000 dddddd 09 February 2000 c 09 02 2000 01 02 03 hin s z 1 2 3 4 hh nn ss zzz 01 02 03 004 t 01 02 tt 01 02 03 c 09 02 2000 01 02 03 The above output uses default values of a number of formatting control variables These are covered in the next section Formatting control variables The variables and their default values are given below Note that these control conversions of date time values to strings and sometimes from strings to date time values such as DateSeparator DateSeparator TimeSeparator ShortDateFormat dd mn yyyy LongDateFormat
128. yFile customer Close the file CloseFile myFile Reopen the file in read only mode FileMode fmOpenRead Reset myFile Display the file contents while not Eof myFile do begin Read myFile customer if customer male then ShowMessage Man with name customer name is IntToStr customer age else ShowMessage Lady with name customer name is t IntToStr customer age end Close the file for the last time S T A DATA srl 40 ET RAD user manual CloseFile myFile end The code is very similar to that used for text files except that we define a file of a certain type record and pass receive record data when writing reading Reading and writing to pure binary files Pure binary files are a bit peculiar You must use BlockRead and BlockWrite instead of Read and Write These have the added benefit of greater performance than the Read and Write but are really geared at writing just blocks of binary data Here is an example var myFile File byteArray array 1 8 of byte oneByte byte i count Integer begin Try to open the Test byt file for writing to AssignFile myFile Test byt ReWrite myFile 4 Define a single record as 4 bytes Fill out the data array fori 1 to 8 do byteArray i i Write the data array to the file BlockWrite myFile byteArray 2 Write 2 records of 4 bytes Fill out the data array with different data f
129. you activate it When a visual component such as TDBEdit is associated with a TTable object it can display any field in the table Multi column visual components such as TDBGrid access and display columns in the table using the table s T Field list If you double click a TTable component on a form you invoke the Fields Editor The Fields Editor enables you to control the way Data Control components display data It can e Create a static model of a table s columns column order and column type that does not change even if changes are made to the underlying physical table in the database e Provide convenient readable and efficient component names for programmatic access e Specify the order in which fields are displayed and which fields to include e Specify all display characteristics of fields e Add custom validation code e Create new fields for display including calculated fields Understanding TQuery The TQuery component provides a tool for data access using SQL statements such as a SELECT statement to specify a set of records and a subset of columns froma table TQuery is useful for building local SQL queries against Paradox and dBASE data and for building client server applications that run against SQL servers To put a TQuery component on a form 1 Select the Data Access page from the Component palette 2 Choose the Query icon 3 Click on the formto drop the TQuery component 4 Enter the directory where th
130. your modern office furniture and take a nap or go outside It is important to take breaks from your work and have fun Raising exceptions We can not only raise exceptions at our own choosing but we can create Exception classes to manage them This kind of processing is somewhat beyond the basics being more appropriate to large applications especially those using many large modules These modules may generate their own exception types Here are the most common exception types Exception Base class EAbort Abort without dialog EAbstractError Abstract method error AssertionFailed Assert call failed EBitsError Boolean array error ECommonCalendarError Calendar calc error EDateTimeError DateTime calc error EMonthCalError Month calc error EConversionError Raised by Convert EConvertError Object convert error EDatabaseError Database error EExternal Hardware Windows error EAccessViolation Access violation EControlC User abort occured EExternalException Other Internal error EIntError Integer calc error EDivByZero Integer Divide by zero EIntOverflow Integer overflow ERangeError Out of value range EMathError Floating point error EInvalidArgument Bad argument value EInvalidOp Inappropriate operation EOverflow Value too large EUnderflow Value too small EZeroDivide Floating Divide by zero EStackOverflow Severe Pascal problem EHeapException Dynamic memory problem EInvalidPointer Bad memory pointer EOutOfMemory Cannot allocate memory EInOutErr

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