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R&S FSW-K40 Phase Noise Measurements

1. sess 98 T Tolerance i e 41 frequency remote control sssesee 94 level is level remote control sseeeeeene 94 Trace configurations eec o tpi ra oer rer oet needs Trace configuration remote control e Dur rem Trace copy remote control sssssssssssss Trace export Trace export remote control sssssusssss Tracia artos texit eripe ensi URS Trace math remote control E ME e Trace offset remote control sessssssss Trace smoothing Trace smoothing remote Control sssse Traces Copying remote control senes 123 Tracking rep frequency remote control y Pa RETE level remote control ss U User manuals se rasane ana EAE A EERE EE EREE 6 V Verily Tequeney icc ice rrt ca e captada 41 Verify frequency remote control 94 Verify level 441 Verify level remote control ssssssssssss 94 Ww Window FUNGON 2r pete evene rre tare epe 45 Window function remote control ssesss 98 Window title bar information ssssseeeees 12 Windows Adding remote merae rtt 87 Glosing remote rni rer ree tee 89 92 Layout remote Maximizing remote eerte 87 Querying remote rare tren 88 89
2. 154 ere 158 User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 4 R amp S FSW K40 Preface 1 Preface 1 1 About this Manual This User Manual provides all the information specific to the application All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications and operating modes are described in the main R amp S FSW User Manual The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to obtain them The following topics are included Welcome to the Phase Noise Application Introduction to and getting familiar with the application Typical applications Example measurement scenarios in which the application is frequently used Measurements and Result Displays Details on supported measurements and their result types Phase Noise Measurement Basics Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the mea surement Phase Noise Measurement Configuration Analysis A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measure ments and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command How to Perform Measurements with the Phase Noise Application The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step by step instructions for more complex tasks or alternative methods Measurement Examples Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement sce narios and allow you to try
3. With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe DISPlay ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 no suffix DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4 8 2 5 Alternative Keywords A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword You can use both key words to the same effect Example SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution In the short form without optional keywords BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ 8 2 6 SCPI Parameters Many commands feature one or more parameters If a command supports more than one parameter these are separated by a comma Example LAYout ADD WINDow Spectrum LEFT MTABle Parameters may have different forms of values e Numene Valls decr t ee e ei e ied ere enin d bt ev Po iia 75 9 IBOOIG orci eit Per ertet era etes a tete ero nen a TOTO CUERO 15 Character Dita ae Pre rer erede va e de i rode ed a 76 s Character SUMUS ceret ener ent d iio 76 S Solo Auc NT 76 8 2 6 1 8 2 6 2 Introduction Numeric Values Numeric values can be entered in any form i e with sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the com mand uses the basic unit Example with unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz Values e
4. 47 Attenuation Mechanical unesco cate te cin TEET 39 Mechanical remote control ssessssss 92 Auto all lel m 49 Auto frequency SOMO 49 Auto level Reference level rasos etre Sese con gebe eta 49 cle m 49 Automatic Frequency detection remote control 141 Level detection remote control Parameter detection remote control T Automatic scaling es ozcru ed con trat soriano trenes Automatic scaling remote control sssse Average count A M Averaging remote control ssnee C Center frequency Automatic configuration esses 49 Closing Channels remote ice e rte pite 78 Windows remote x rient 89 92 Continue single sweep feci 47 Continuous sweep SOME ii eaii a S 47 Conventions SCOPLCOMMANAS ntn de tec esposa 72 efi 56 Copy trace remote control ssesesess 114 Copying Measurement channel remote sss 77 taro e repe Input remote Coupling remote control sene 92 D Data format acm 121 Delta markers 67 D finibig ices dn 67 Delta markers remote control ssssssss 136
5. ecececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeae aaa eene nnne nnne ens 118 DISPlayEWINDow TRACe A SCALE STOP eite te ren ere hune euet cu emnt 119 DISPlay WINDowE TRAGe Y SCALe 2 ceca 119 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO ssssssssssssssseeseeen nennen enne nnns nnne nnne 119 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe MANUal esses 120 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel eec esee odidin iiaii nnne nnne 120 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel LOWer sseseseseneneeeeene nnn 120 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet ssssssssseeeeenne 121 FORMatDEXPORDSEPAaLGlGr 1r petita ende a ated ex Hen x E nnde 121 FORMAEDEXPoItHERBII eee reor crop eri I ewe E ee eye Fee eei ci iaa 121 FORMatDEXPoR TRA tere bent ee Soter an Enter ro Re x Hen Du der x SNR Re Rr Rer aR 121 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results MMEMory STOR lt n gt TRACE 20 0c ecceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaesaeaeaeaaaaaadaaaeeseseeeseseeeeeeeeeees 122 SENSE ISPURS SUPPIESSION ou iS 122 SENS amp SPURSs THReshold ati 123 TRACE M OOP V PE 123 TRACION A O A 123 CALCulate lt n gt MATH EXPression DEFine lt Expression gt This command selects the mathematical expression for trace mathematics Before you can use the command you have to turn trace mathematics on Parameters lt Expression gt TRACE1 TRACE2 Subtracts trace 2 from
6. For more information see chapter 4 7 Level Determination on page 29 Remote command SENSe POWer TRACk on page 97 AM Rejection Turns the suppression of AM noise on and off If on the application suppresses the AM noise that the signal contains in order to dis play phase noise as pure as possible AM rejection is available for the I Q sweep mode Remote command SENSe REJect AM on page 97 Max Freq Drift Defines the minimum bandwidth or sample rate used in the signal processing to increase the probability of capture drifting signals The tracking bandwidth is valid for all half decades measured in I Q mode Remote command SENSe IQ TBW on page 96 Digital PLL Turns an additional frequency correction based on the I Q data on and off If on the application is able to track frequency changes during the l Q data capture that would otherwise fall into the half decade measurement bandwidth see Max Freq Drift The digital PLL works for all half decades measured in I Q mode Remote command SENSe IQ DPLL on page 96 Decimation Turns decimation on and off If decimation is on the application fills half decades with smaller offset frequencies with down sample results of half decades with higher offsets 5 5 Configuring the Measurement Range Decimation is available in l Q mode and if the sampling rate is high enough Remote command SENSe IQ DECimation on page 96 Configuring the
7. o AAA 31 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode eene nnn 33 E FInRatuclct A 34 ei pr m 36 Configuration OVerVieW ce cri tni a 36 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements csse 38 Configuring the Erontend cios 38 Controlling the Measurement naar nennen nenne nnn nnne nnn nnn nnn 40 Configuring the Measurement Rangge eeeseesseeeeeeeneeennneen nnne nnns 43 Performing Measurements esses eene nenne nnne nennen nint nnne nnns 46 Configuring In and Outputs i eene erret itte inten nik n tna than po R anim Rn RE an pe 48 Automatic Measurement Configuration eese 49 ANAIS c rere 51 R amp S FSW K40 Contents 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 7 1 7 2 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 10 8 11 8 12 8 13 8 14 8 15 8 16 Configuring Graphical Result DisplayS cccccssseeceeeeseneeeeseeeeeeensseeeeeeeneseeeeeneees 51 Configure Numerical Result Displays eene 57 Using Limit Ao entere Saana ENARA 59 Using Mark f ct 65 How to Configure Phase Noise Measurements 69 Performing a Basic Phase Noise Measurement eene 69 Customizing the Measurement Rangge eeee
8. LARGe Maximizes the selected window to full screen Other windows are still active in the background SMALI Reduces the size of the selected window to its original size If more than one measurement window was displayed originally these are visible again RST SMALI Example DISP WIND2 LARG DISPlay WINDow lt n gt STATe State This command changes the display state of the selected measurement window Note that this command is maintained for compatibility reasons only Use the LAYout commands for new remote control programs See chapter 8 5 Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays on page 86 Parameters State ON OFF OFF The window is closed RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed LAYout ADD WINDow lt WindowName gt lt Direction gt lt WindowT ype gt This command adds a window to the display This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays To replace an existing window use the TAYout REPLace WINDow command Parameters lt WindowName gt lt Direction gt lt WindowType gt Return values lt NewWindowName gt Example Usage String containing the name of the existing window the new win dow is inserted next to By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows use the LAYout CATalog WI
9. SENSe FREQuency STARt on page 100 Measurement Range Stop SENSe FREQuency STOP on page 100 Configuring the Measurement Range Sweep Forward Selects the sweep direction Forward and reverse sweep direction are available Forward sweep direction performs a measurement that begins at the smallest fre quency offset you have defined The measurement ends after the largest offset has been reached Reverse sweep direction performs a measurement that begins at the largest frequency offset you have defined The measurement ends after the smallest offset has been reached The reverse sweep is the default sweep direction because the application is able to lock on a drifting carrier frequency in that case Remote command SENSe SWEep FORWard on page 104 Presets Selects predefined measurement settings for each individual half decade that are used for the measurement If the measurement settings differ from one of the preset states the application dis plays a symbol Ell at the label Fast Fast measurements perform one measurement in each half decade No averaging takes place Normal Normal measurements use averaging for some half decades but with respect to measurement speed Average Average measurements use averaging for all half decades However you have to put up with slower measurement speed Manual Manual configuration of the measurement range Remote command SENSe SWEep MODE on page 104 Globa
10. Trk Trace On Off 56 Trace Offset Defines a trace offset in dB The trace offset moves the trace vertically by the level you have defined Configuring Graphical Result Displays The range is from 200 dB to 200 dB Remote command DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet on page 121 Trace Smoothing Defines the magnitude or aperture of trace smoothing in percent The range is from 196 to 2096 The aperture takes effect on all traces that you smooth For more information see chapter 4 5 3 Trace Smoothing on page 26 Remote command DISPlay WINDow TRACe t SMOothing APERture on page 116 Smoothing Type Selects the method that the application uses to smooth the trace For more information see chapter 4 5 3 Trace Smoothing on page 26 Linear Converts the data to linear values before smoothing the trace Logarithmic Smoothes the original logarithmic data Median Smoothes the trace based on the median value of the sample Remote command DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing TYPE on page 117 Trace Config Opens a dialog box to configure traces The application supports up to 6 traces with a different setup In the diagram each trace has a different color The diagram header of the measurement window contains the trace information including a color map trace mode and smoothing percentage Note that trace configuration is also possible in the Trace softkey menu available via the T
11. 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 Contents goo ro e EEEE 5 About this Manuial oriente eno inn 5 Documentation Overview nennen titer iran ire uiua ua po OPE du uua Rc Su dR 6 Conventions Used in the Documentation eene 7 Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application 9 Starting the Application eer rni nodo anna TERRE adan Rina enn Onis RAN ER ENR ERR RRNRRRRSEERESARREKE ARE 9 Understanding the Display Information eere nnn 10 Measurements and Result Displays e eeeeeeeee 14 Measurement Basics eeseeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeee enne nennen nnne nnn 22 Spurs and Spur Removal iter ihian entr te ca REX a RARA A pan naaa AER RR XR RnS 22 Residual Effects eee nein eetnere een iiirin kennt iri inan Rin uana Rue eds 23 Phase Noise Measurement Rangg eese enne nennen nn 24 Sweep AAA OO O IR RE dA ERIRER RRRRRRESRMEERRRRRRRXRRRRE 25 Trace Averaging iei roter eiii iecit itte a ii Ris RRcrugs 25 Frequency Determinations ccccciicccccscctcccescceccedescstcccansecctcesseteececessctetdecesstettecaasteeescs 27 Level Determination ociosa er 29 Signal Attenuation es ccc cccccsscescecccscccscecescecsieceasectece ic ir 30 Using Limit LIn S AAAAAAAAeA
12. CALC DELT X 900KHZ Position the delta marker on trace 2 CALC DELT TRAC 2 Query the position of the delta marker CALC DELT Y Turning all markers off CALC MARK AOFF CALC DELT AOFF List of Remote Commands Phase Noise SENSeJADJUSEALBL rente etr it cit Ere ios cau Ee Tdv DE DE cU od SENSE JADIJUSEFRE QUENCY ra SENSeJADIJUSEMEV Gli aceto A a ret edit o E I Ed EL RAE e d SENSe IBANDwidth BWIDthERESol tion TYPE citra oe risa eco cerebri SENSE FREQUENCY GENTE ccsss SENSe FREQUENCY S TAR tucan enne hn pe ndr ce iv XX deg e eri Den ed SENSE FRE QU ney STOP rerna aar tias e TERRE SENSE JFRE QUENCY T RACK cent enormen RE gere dox aAA ru e cesi EETAS SENSe FREQ uency VERify l OLerance ABSolute tnter npe ter rn rere eet SENSe FREQuency VERify TOLerance RELative SENSe 3FREQu ncy VERITy S EAT cni eee temer tea tas eras SENSe IQ DEGilmatioh rn erret rre a SENSE DP NE SENSE IO MBW EC ee SENSe TEIST BWIBth RESOlu tionz TYPE receperit nt t OEA SENSeIEIST BWIBtBERESOlution FRACTO ic conca eter pec Fr tte Eee eere chere Dyer roce SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt BWIDth RESolution SENSe LIS T RANGesrange FIL Ter TYPE retener tr rente neret eee SENSe LIST RANGesxrange
13. Marker Configuration dialog box and the Marker menu contain all functionality necessary to control markers You can access the Marker menu with the MKR key and the Marker Configuration dialog box with the Marker Config softkey Using Markers The Marker Configuration dialog box consists of two tabs The Markers tab contains functionlity to define characteristics for each marker Markers Selected State Stimulus Type Trace 6 11 betas Mog 12 16 oeras Mon cm E All Marker Off et Marker The Marker Settings tab contains general marker functionality Marker Settings Matker 7 zc Market X2 eoe irae ttt teta Ra e A Ep tinet cen run sun ue AR eA BARN FUERTE NAR 66 IUE cuo T 67 RETerenca Marker uni dinates aioe Pena PREIS REED hse 67 Assigning the Marker to a Trace cueeeeii ceri enne eerten iEn Enn dn tak inn 67 Marker c 67 PANI ASI 68 Marker Table MB HEU 68 Marker 1 Marker x Selects and turns the corresponding marker on and off Turning on a marker also opens an input field to define the horizontal position of the marker In the Marker Configuration dialog box you can also define the horizontal position of each marker x value By default the first marker you turn on is a normal marker all others are delta markers Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 136 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m
14. Replacing remote Splitting FOMOtE resina 87 Types TOMOS coords 87 X X axis Half decade reote rerit teens 52 Half decade remote control sss 114 pA scope remote control MIC m H Start remote control ssiri ea OU 52 Stop remote control coil ada 114 Y Y axis fec 52 Scaling remote control ssssssusssse 114 Scaling automatic remote control 114 Y axis scaling yore cuc P 53
15. Result Unies tt Two windows are displayed named 2 at the top or left and 1 at the bottom or right Usage Query only LAYout IDENtify WINDow lt WindowName gt This command queries the index of a particular display window Note to query the name of a particular window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt IDENtify query Query parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of a window Return values Windowlndex Index number of the window Usage Query only LAYout REMove WINDow lt WindowName gt This command removes a window from the display Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the window In the default state the name of the window is its index Usage Event LAYout REPLace WINDow lt WindowName gt lt WindowType gt This command replaces the window type for example from Diagram to Result Sum mary of an already existing window while keeping its position index and window name To add a new window use the LAYout ADD WINDow command R amp S FSW K40 Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements e a u IU eae Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the existing window By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows use the LAYout CATalog WINDow query lt WindowType gt Type of result display you want to use in the existing window See LAYout A
16. SENSe LIST RANGe range IQWindow TYPE lt WindowFunction gt This command selects the window function for a particular half decade Window functions are available for l Q sweep mode Suffix range 1 20 Selects the half decade For the suffix assignment see table 8 3 Parameters lt WindowFunction gt RECtangular GAUSsian CHEBychev BHARris RST Depends on the half decade Example LIST RANG IQW TYPE BHAR Selects the Blackman Harris window function for the first half decade Configuring the Measurement Range Manual operation See Half Decades Configuration Table on page 45 SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt SWEep COUNt Measurements This command defines the number of measurements included in the averaging for a half decade Suffix lt range gt 1 20 Selects the half decade For the suffix assignment see table 8 3 Parameters Measurements Range 1 to 10000 RST Depends on the half decade Example LIST RANG9 SWE COUN 15 Includes 15 measurements in the averaging of the ninth half decade Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Half Decades Configuration Table on page 45 SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt Averages This command defines the number of measurements to be included in the averaging for each and all half decades Parameters Averages Range 1 to 10000 RST Depends on the half decade Example LIST SWE COUN 20 Defines 20 averages for all half decades Manual operati
17. Select the number of line segments CALC PNL TYPE FC3 Define the characteristics of the line segments CALC PNL FC1 300KHZ CALC PNL SLOP1 10 CALC PNL FC2 30KHZ CALC PNL SLOP2 20 CALC PNL FC3 3KHZ CALC PNL SLOP3 30 Assign the limit line to trace 1 and 2 CALC PNL TRAC 1 2 Query limit check results CALC PNL FAIL Programming a standard limit line Select or create the limit line by name CALC LIM NAME Phase Noise Comment on the limit line CALC LIM COMM Limit line to test phase noise measurement Define the horizontal data points of the limit line CALC LIM CONT 100HZ 1kHZ Define the vertical data points of an upper limit line The unit is fix for phase noise measurements CALCSLIM UPP 160 170 Shift the limit line 5 dBc Hz down CALC LIM UPP SHIF 5 Turn the limit line on CALC LIM UPP STAT ON Remote Control Example Scripts Select the trace to check CALC LIM TRAC 3 Turn on the limit check CALC LIM STAT ON Query the limit check results CALC LIM FAIL 8 16 6 Using Markers Using spot noise markers See Working with spot noise results on page 151 Using normal and delta markers Activate and position a normal marker marker 1 CALC MARK ON CALC MARK X 1MHZ Position marker 1 on trace 2 CALC MARK TRAC 2 Query the position of marker 1 CALC MARK Y Activate and position a delta marker delta marker 1 CALC DELT ON
18. b 7 Meas Value n i 1 Fig 4 11 Equation 2 where n is the number of the current sweep n 2 Sweep Count No averaging is carried out for the first sweep but the measured value is stored in the trace memory With increasing n the displayed trace is increasingly smoothed since there are more individual sweeps for averaging After the selected number of sweeps the average trace is saved in the trace mem ory Until this number of sweeps is reached a preliminary average is displayed When the averaging length defined by the Sweep Count is attained averaging is continued in continuous sweep mode or for Continue Single Sweep according to the following formula N 1 Trace Meas Value N Trace where N is the sweep count 4 11 Using Markers Markers are used to mark points on traces to read out measurement results and to select a display section quickly The application provides 4 markers By default the application positions the marker on the lowest level of the trace You can change a marker position in several ways e Enter a particular offset frequency in the input field that opens when you activate a marker Using Markers e Move the marker around with the rotary knob or the cursor keys e Drag the marker around using the touchscreen 4 11 1 Marker Types All markers can be used either as normal markers or delta markers A normal marker indicates the absolute signal value at the defined posi
19. board Starting the Application 2 Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application The R amp S FSW K40 is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure the phase noise characteristics of a device under test with the R amp S FSW signal analyzer This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application pro vides including remote control operation All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are described in the R amp S FSW User Manual The latest version is available for download at the product homepage http www2 rohde schwarz com product FSW html Installation Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the R amp S FSW e Starting the AppliCalON ccoo aa 9 e Understanding the Display Information eeeeeeeeeeetnnnn 10 2 1 Starting the Application The phase noise measurement application adds a new type of measurement to the R amp S FSW To activate the the Phase Noise application 1 Press the MODE key on the front panel of the R amp S FSW A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available on your R amp S FSW 2 Select the Phase Noise item The R amp S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the Phase Noise applica tion All settings specific to phase noise measurements are in their default state Multiple Measurement Channels an
20. sssssss Phase noise remote control Standard remote control Limit lines remote control sen M Marker to Trace Enc mM 67 Marker zoom remote control 2 139 MEINE MTM 35 Assigned trace eerte carter 67 DG erue Ee 68 Delta markers cocooocococcccccnooocononononononononononcccnonnanonnnnno 67 Table eio cte reinen ti as 68 Du z m 67 Markers remote control sees 137 Maximizing Windows remote xiii c ee riter een 87 Measurement aiiis da 82 Measurement channel Greating remote iin ei 77 Deleting remote uti cce tt oerte 78 Duplicating POMOTE curia 77 Querying remote mS Renaming remote cete a 80 Replacing rE Mote inrer aa anaa 77 Measurement range as Measurement range remote control ss 98 Measurement time uuu iaa Mechanical attenuation m Mechanical attenuation remote control 92 Multiple Measurement Channels ciar rin 9 N Nominal frequeriey scie rer puer cus reper hx rore rerit rae meet 39 Nominal frequency remote control ssss 92 Norminalilevel s c deuote tero eta Pone oerte pate ea cra on Eere Eees 39 Nominal level remote control ssee 92 Oo Offset frequency ejl eM T EE es 43 Start remote control 98 SOD seou ia 43 Stop re
21. 58 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt STOP lt OffsetFrequency gt This command defines the end point of a custom residual noise calculation range Before you can use the command you have to assign the user range to a trace with CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe on page 126 8 11 2 Configure Numerical Result Displays Parameters lt OffsetFrequency gt The minimum offset is 1 Hz The maximum offset depends on the hardware you are using RST 1 MHz Example CALC EVAL USER2 STOP 100kHz Defines an end point of 100 kHz for the second user range Manual operation See User Range on page 58 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe Trace This command selects the trace for a custom residual noise calculation range Suffix lt range gt 1 3 Selects the user range Parameters Trace NONE Turns a user range off TRACE1 TRACE6 Trace to assign the user range to Example CALC EVAL USER2 TRAC TRACE2 Assigns the second user range to trace 2 Manual operation See User Range on page 58 Reading Out Residual Noise Results PE TOMI NO Se PNTE tente ei adeo ede eo tac ex Pe aud te e dud 126 FEIGCIPNOISeSUCREMS tonic repr 127 FETGEPNOISeSEIRMS ii An 127 FETGDIPNOISSSESSRIM ati a ida 127 FETCHPNO ses USER ranger PIN Piscina ctt ect ee tet ata cei 127 FETCHIPNOise lt t gt USER lt range REM icri icit ee rd aec diga it 127 FET
22. Defines the number of sweeps to be performed in the single sweep mode Values from 0 to 200000 are allowed If the values 0 or 1 are set one sweep is performed The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams If the trace modes Average Max Hold or Min Hold are set this value also deter mines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures In continuous sweep mode if sweep count O default averaging is performed over 10 sweeps For sweep count 1 no averaging maxhold or minhold operations are per formed Remote command SENSe SWEep COUNt on page 84 5 7 5 7 1 Configuring In and Outputs Finish Half Decade Aborts the measurement in the current half decade and continues measuring the sub sequent half decade Averaged results displayed for a half decade finished prematurely are based on the number of measurements already done Remote command SENSe SWEep FHDecade on page 85 Configuring In and Outputs The In Output menu contains all functionality necessary to control and perform phase noise measurements You can access the In Output menu with the INPUT OUTPUT key For more information on configuring the input mixer see the manual of the R amp S FSW Input Source Configuration iit iicet Erase t ei ainsi 48 e External Mixer Configuration cetera ideada 49 Input Source Configuration The Radio Frequency dialog box contains functionality to configure
23. Duplicating Measurement channel remote sss 77 E Evaluation methods REMOS oral eto 87 F FFT WiINdOW s nosatis onune ripio 45 FFT window remote control ee 98 Format Data remote meo treni 121 Frequency Nominal 2 ter reete eterne 39 Nominal remote control sseee 92 Frequency tolerance Frequency tolerance remote control Frequency tracking ertt tnn ene Frequency tracking remote control Frequency verification iio tnt en Frequency verification remote control 94 H Half decades configuration table sssss 45 Hardware settings Display airada 11 l Initiate measurement remote control 80 Input Connector remote siisii masiasi 140 Coupling remote rino rere 94 Installation ideada 9 J Jitter remote Control men 124 K Keys RUN GONT siii sti 47 RUN SINGLE incre eite cepere ertet 47 L Level NOMINAL MARTE 39 Nominal remote control eesssssssss 92 Level tolerance cien eo ti dci torpet ec t Ele rep eeu ene usada 41 Level tolerance remote control seeren 94 Level PACKING eorr iain etie ba ena nace pes tal ista ecos 42 Level tracking remote control seeen 94 E Bee c 41 Level verification remote control ssssss 94 Limit lines Noise floor remote control
24. Fig 2 1 Screen layout of the phase noise measurement application 1 Toolbar 2 Channel bar 3 Diagram header 4 Result display 5 Softkey bar 6 Measurement status 7 Status bar For a description of the elements not described below please refer to the Getting Star ted of the R amp S FSW User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 10 R amp S FSW K40 Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application Measurement status The application shows the progress of the measurement in a series of green bars at the bottom of the diagram area For each half decade in the measurement the applica tions adds a bar that spans the frequency range of the corresponding half decade The bar has several features The numbers within the green bar show the progress of the measurement s in the half decade the application currently works on The first number is the current the second number the total count of measure ments for that half decade The last number is the time the measurement requires A double click on the bar opens an input field to define the number of averages for that half decade A right click on the bar opens a context menu Half Decades Confi The context menu provides easy access to various parameters resolution band width sweep mode etc that define the measurement characteristics for a half decade The values in parentheses are the currently selected values For more information on the available parameters
25. IQWindow T YBPE rrr rhet iia SENSe LIST RANGexrange SWEep COUNNL enint retten rte tn treten tno tao eaput SENSe LIST SWEeSp COUNLE nter tpe teet tt ut ob ep Receta de Dt d n ae e EE HU SENSe LIST SWEep COUNEMULTIpliGt is c ico ern ir Ert a or nee ga SENSe LIST SWEep COUNtMULTiplier S TATe eese nennen nnne enne rennen SENSe POWer RLEVel is SENSe POWer RLEVel VERITY TO Lerance etae tcr t tte treni tha en rere Enea Fern EX ciar SENSe IPOWerREEVeLEVERI S TATe uoi creer t caeteri otn ato e roto SENSE POWE TRACK nunnien tb SENSe REJect AM 5 SENSe JSPURS SUPPreSSiON emocionan ile iaa SENSE SPURS THRESH siria SENSE SWEEP COUN cueir RE aia ad TES ATTIRE SENSE SWECP RDG CAC E veneer E E e E Era EE EE SE EOE SENSe ISWE6ep FORWALEG ric rette tede tete rtt d vec top ecce gash an e eo p erunt SENSO SWEEP MOD DP Hm SENSe SWEep SVFailed i SENSeEEIST IQWIn OW TY PE cotone tpe cree Rt Esc eet entender d pla cede dh dg GALGulate LIMit CLEar IMMediate 5 rrt n err ern n eger nene ne CALGu late LIMIGCOMMEN m CAL Culate ElMit k gt CONTrol SHIRE tota E CAL Culate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA GALCulate ElMitEk gt COPY ici in it at Ari GALEGulate EIMiteK EOWer MODE tice iter ia a 113 CALCulate EIMiteks LOWer SlkllFt a ocu reti ttt treat tne terns e netu t eontra
26. Modes on page 25 AVG Defines the number of averagings that the application performs before the results for a half decade are displayed Window Selects the window type for a half decade Window functions are available for l Q measurements Meas Time Shows an estimation of how long the measurement of a half decade lasts Remote command RBW SENSe LIST RANGe range BWIDth RESolution on page 101 Sweep Mode SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt FILTer TYPE on page 102 Averages SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt SWEep COUNt on page 103 Window SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt IQWindow TYPE on page 102 5 6 Performing Measurements The Sweep menu contains all functionality necessary to control and perform phase noise measurements You can access the Sweep menu with the SWEEP key Functions to configure the sweep described elsewhere e Multiplier on page 45 e Global Average Count on page 44 Continuous SweepiRUN CONT ui aden ena tere eee tta ext 47 Single Sweeps RUN SIBIGLE 1 inerenti denen etant et bae Re 47 Continue Single Sweep esssssssssssssee esee ntn naai daa enii aa ets 47 Sweep Avera ga OIL decreta ut tn eere re eb e aa Ce fe ennai ee 47 d ilp ld o aE 48 Performing Measurements Continuous Sweep RUN CONT After triggering starts the sweep and repeats it continuously until stopped This is the de
27. Off on page 68 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe State This command turns markers on and off If the corresponding marker number is cur rently active as a deltamarker it is turned into a normal marker Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK3 ON Switches on marker 3 Manual operation See Marker 1 Marker x on page 66 See Marker Type on page 67 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe lt Trace gt This command selects the trace the marker is positioned on Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank If necessary the command activates the marker first Parameters lt Trace gt 1to6 Trace number the marker is assigned to Example CALC MARK3 TRAC 2 Assigns marker 3 to trace 2 Manual operation See Assigning the Marker to a Trace on page 67 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X Position This command moves a marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis 8 12 2 Using Markers If necessary the command activates the marker If the marker has been used as a delta marker the command turns it into a normal marker Parameters lt Position gt Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis Default unit Hz Example CALC MARK2 X 1 7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1 7 MHz CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y This command queries the position of a marker on the y axis If necessary the command activa
28. See Data Points on page 65 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete upper limit line vertically Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define Parameters lt Distance gt Defines the distance that the limit line moves Usage Event Manual operation See Shift Y on page 65 8 10 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results The following commands are necessary to set up and configure the graphical phase noise result displays CALCulatesms MATH EEXPression EDEFIfie react eeu ttn dro rete tete 115 CAL Gulate n MATH S LA T6 arise scses exec coco A Ark e c adi 115 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt MODE cccccceceeeee eee ce cae ae eee eene nemen eren nnne nnns sess nn nn nnn 115 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing APERture cccccececeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeaeaeeeaeeneneneneneees 116 DISPlay WINDow TRACe t SMOothing STATe essen 116 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing TYPE cccccececeeeeeeeecaeaeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeereees 117 DISPlay WINDow TRACe t SPURs SUPPress sessi 117 DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe HDECade ccccececee cece caeeeeeaeeeeeeseeeeeeteeeeerereeeees 117 DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe SCOP6 ccccccceeeeeeeec eee eeeteteceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaned 118 DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe STARL
29. These commands read out the EVENt section of the status register The commands at the same time delete the contents of the EVENt section Query parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Usage Query only R amp S FSW K40 Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements ee eS eee eee ee A A eae STATus OPERation CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition STATus QUEStionable LIMit CONDition lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PNOise CONDition lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable POWer CONDition lt ChannelName gt These commands read out the CONDition section of the status register The commands do not delete the contents of the EVENt section Query parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Usage Query only STATus OPERation ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PNOise ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the ENABle part of a register The ENABle part allows true conditions in the EVENt part of the status register t
30. Time span The displayed time span on the x axis is defined by the time it takes to perform a mea surement in the half decade that is currently measured If the measurement time for a particular half decade is very long several seconds the application probably updates the result display several times In that case the application splits the measurement into several sub measurements Y axis scale The scale of the y axis is automatically determined according to the sampling rate For a better resolution the trace is offset by the first measured frequency value Thus the trace always starts at 0 Hz The initial correction value is displayed in the diagram as a numeric result To get a better resolution of the time axis use the zoom function 3 Frequency Drift 1 Clrw Offset 4 9 223 6 ms Frequency Drift If necessary you can turn the trace on and off For more information see Frequency Drift Trace 1 On Off on page 56 SSS ema E E User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 20 R amp S FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays pee ap ac SS SS ee Frequency and Level Stability The stability results show the current level and frequency drift characteristics of the carrier signal compared to the initial frequency and level In addition to the numerical results the result display also contains a graphical represenation of the drift character istics The result display contains the following results e Carrier Stability Diffe
31. X axis remote control sseeeene 114 iii EE Aborting remote Activating remote sss 83 Mode remote erreen naasi ninen risene aianei 84 REMOTE rne 82 Single sweep EIL E E E E P Smoothing type Smoothing type remote control sssss 114 Softkeys AUTO m H PRE AUIOIBIGQ cite reor euge eter olera oap casstnesseisherostouen Auto Leve Continue Single Sweep Gontinous SWEEP i arne re EErEE egest ur rentre edd Markerito Trace creer ee coercet rao cer enti eerta esi sa Norm Delta x SIND SWESD CP SWEEP COUN Coane e eae E APRES NEEE E iE Spot noise jio d sra A E AT TEN 58 10 x Hz remote Control sse 124 user defined user defined remote control ssssessse 124 Spur FeIfoMelll sorrera aneen NANen HRS FIR ORAE RSE Spur removal remote control Spur threshold reesen rneer orate riter et Spur threshold remote control Stop On Verify Fale dear terere treats Suffixes Remote command S ieseni n eret decrease 73 Sweep DOMINO ec TRE A m Sweep count remote control SWESPAMECUON eT EE Sweep direction remote control ssussss 98 A eroe aeron EErEE EEAS EEEE EA Eene 45 Sweep mode remote control sssesss 98 Kien om 44 Sweep type remote Control
32. Zoom on page 67 DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe lt State gt This command turns the marker zoom for marker 1 on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example DISP ZOOM ON Turns on the marker zoom Manual operation See Marker Zoom on page 67 Configuring In and Outputs The following commands are necessary to configure the frontend settings NPU GONNGGIOE nia 140 INPut CONNector lt ConnType gt Determines whether the RF input data is taken from the RF input connector or the optional Analog Baseband connector This command is only available if the Analog Baseband interface R amp S FSW B71 is installed and active for input For more information on the Analog Baseband Interface R amp S FSW B71 see the R amp S FSW I Q Analyzer and l Q Input User Manual Parameters lt ConnType gt RF RF input connector AIQI Analog Baseband connector RST RF Example INP CONN AIQI Selects the analog baseband input Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Input Connector on page 48 Automatic Measurement Configuration 8 14 Automatic Measurement Configuration The following commands are necessary to determine measurement parameters auto matically SENSe JADJUstAlLocinoins 141 SENSe JAD JuSt F RECIUGRIQy iuste ce stra te apta Pe eR rU ete ER FER RRRRRE CETERAE ERR deena Ld ned 141 ISENSeTADJUSEDEEVell tI eere uere A ue ende nue ee d e hae ee 141 SEN
33. been finished and the data has been analyzed and written to a trace Thus smoothing is really just an enhancement of the trace display not of the data itself This also means that smooth ing is always applied after any other trace averagings have been done as these hap pen during the measurement itself You can turn trace smoothing on and off for all traces individually and compare for example the raw and the smooth trace Linear smoothing is based on the following algorithm E User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 26 4 6 Frequency Determination ro 56 Linear trace smoothing 4 1 Logarithmic smoothing is based on the following algorithm E y s 10 log 0 gt gt 105 Y n l 2 XES Logarithmic trace smoothing 4 2 with s sample number y s logarithmic phase noise level x sample offset from s n aperture size Frequency Determination Nominal frequency The nominal frequency is the output or center frequency of the DUT To get correct and valid measurement results the application needs to know the real frequency of the DUT Unverified signals The R amp S FSW tries to start the measurement as soon as you enter the phase noise application If it cannot verify a signal it will try to start the measurement over and over To stop the repeated and probably unsuccessful signal verification stop the mea surement on the first verification failure The available nominal frequency range dep
34. cannot use the limit line because it is compatible to the current measurement setup Visible Select Limit Line Displays a limit line in the diagram area You can display up to eight limit lines at the same time Remote command Display a limit line Lower limit CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe on page 110 Upper limit CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer STATe on page 111 Query all visible limit lines CALCulate LIMit ACTive on page 108 Check Traces Select Limit Line Turns the limit check for a particular trace on and off Remote command Assign a limit line to a particular trace CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACe on page 110 Activate the limit check CALCulate LIMit lt k gt STATe on page 110 Querying limit check results CALCulate LIMit lt k gt FAIL on page 109 Comment Select Limit Line Shows the comment of the selected limit line If the limit line has no comment this field stays empty View Filter Select Limit Line Turns filter for the list of limit lines on and off By default the list includes all limit lines that are stored on the R amp S FSW Show Com Filters the list of limit lines by compatibility patible If on the list includes only those limit lines that are compatible to the current measurement setup Show Lines Filters the list of limit lines by compatibility to phase noise measure For PNoise ments If on the list includes only those limit lines that are compa
35. gt STATe on page 138 Using Markers Marker Type Toggles the marker type The type for marker 1 is always Normal the type for delta marker 1 is always Delta These types cannot be changed Note If normal marker 1 is the active marker switching the Mkr Type activates an additional delta marker 1 For any other marker switching the marker type does not activate an additional marker it only switches the type of the selected marker Normal A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram Delta A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the speci fied reference marker marker 1 by default Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 136 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 138 Reference Marker Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis results delta marker values Remote command CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MREF on page 138 Assigning the Marker to a Trace The Trace setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace The trace deter mines which value the marker shows at the marker position If the marker was previ ously assigned to a different trace the marker remains on the previous frequency or time but indicates the value of the new trace The marker can also be assigned to the currently active trace using the Marker to Trace softkey in the Mar
36. informaation see chapter 4 7 Level Determination on page 29 Remote command SENSe POWer RLEVel on page 93 Mechanical Attenuator Value Turns mechanical attenuation on and off If on you can define an attenuation level in 5 dB steps Controlling the Measurement For more information see chapter 4 8 Signal Attenuation on page 30 Remote command Turning manual attenuation on and off INPut ATTenuation AUTO on page 94 Defining an attenuation level INPut ATTenuation on page 93 Coupling Selects the coupling method at the RF input AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal DC coupling lets DC voltage through For more information refer to the data sheet Remote command INPut COUPling on page 94 5 4 Controlling the Measurement The Control tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box contains all funtions nec essary to control the sequence of the phase noise measurement You can access this dialog box either via the Phase Noise Analyzer dialog box or the Measurement Configuration menu gt Control softkey Control Verif Tracking Verify Frequency On Frequency Tracking Frequency Tolerance max Rel Tol Abs Tol Level Tracking Relative Tolerance 10 Y Uo essing Absolute Tolerance 1 0 kHz AM Rejection EA a P He o e Ly Verify Level Max Freq Drift Digital PLL e o 10 0 dB Absolute Tolerance eae on Neale A Restart D
37. instrument setting is indicated by the icon on the tab label If the level range or reference level is changed the R amp S FSW automatically adapts the trace data to the changed display range This allows an amplitude zoom to be made after the measurement in order to show details of the trace Trace averaging algorithm In Average trace mode the sweep count determines how many traces are averaged The more traces are averaged the smoother the trace is likely to become The algorithm for averaging traces depends on the sweep mode and sweep count e sweep count 0 default Using Markers In continuous sweep mode a continuous average is calculated for 10 sweeps according to the following formula 9 Trace MeasValue 10 Trace Fig 4 10 Equation 1 Due to the weighting between the current trace and the average trace past values have practically no influence on the displayed trace after about ten sweeps With this setting signal noise is effectively reduced without need for restarting the aver aging process after a change of the signal e sweep count 1 The currently measured trace is displayed and stored in the trace memory No averaging is performed e sweep count gt 1 For both Single Sweep mode and Continuous Sweep mode averaging takes place over the selected number of sweeps In this case the displayed trace is determined during averaging according to the following formula 1 n l Trace
38. may be another marker or the fixed reference Parameters lt Reference gt 1 to 16 Selects markers 1 to 16 as the reference FIXed Selects the fixed reference as the reference Example CALC DELT3 MREF 2 Specifies that the values of delta marker 3 are relative to marker 2 Manual operation See Reference Marker on page 67 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe State This command turns delta markers on and off If necessary the command activates the delta marker first No suffix at DELTamarker turns on delta marker 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC DELT2 ON Turns on delta marker 2 Manual operation See Marker 1 Marker x on page 66 See Marker Type on page 67 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe lt Trace gt This command selects the trace a delta marker is positioned on Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank If necessary the command activates the marker first Parameters lt Trace gt Trace number the marker is assigned to Example CALC DELT2 TRAC 2 Positions delta marker 2 on trace 2 8 12 3 Using Markers CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X Position This command moves a delta marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker and positions a reference marker to the peak power Parameters lt Position gt The position is relative to the
39. on page 129 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades Y on page 129 On User Defined Offsets Offset Frequency Turns custom spot noise frequencies on and off 6 3 Ifo Using Limit Lines n the Offset Frequency input fields become available You can measure the spot noise for up to five custom offset frequencies If active the application adds those spots to the spot noise table Remote command Turning spot noise marker on and off CA LCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt STATe on page 130 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise AOFF on page 129 Positioning spot noise markers CALCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt X on page 130 Querying custom spot noise results CALCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt Y on page 131 Using Limit Lines The Limits tab of the Results dialog box contains all funtions necessary to set up and configure limit lines You can access this dialog box either via the Phase Noise Analyzer dialog box or the Measurement Configuration menu gt Limits softkey or the LINES key Limits imit Lines Type Noise Floor amp 1 Range Selected Traces Noise Floor 120 0 dBm Hz Corner Frequency Left Slope Decade NAS a 1 0 MHZ 110 0 dB Range 1 Range 2 Range 2 Range 3 Range 3 Range 4 Range 4 Range 5 Copy to User Limit Line User Limit Lines Line Config Using Limit Lines 6 3 1 Using Phase Noise Limit Lines Phase Noise Limit LING canica aia did 60 Selec
40. out the application immediately Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup Remote Commands for Phase Noise Measurements Remote commands required to configure and perform phase noise measurements in a remote environment sorted by tasks Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the instrument are provided in the main R amp S FSW User Manual Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually be executed directly for test purposes Annex Reference material List of remote commands Alphahabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual Index User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 5 Documentation Overview 1 2 Documentation Overview The user documentation for the R amp S FSW consists of the following parts e Printed Getting Started manual e Online Help system on the instrument e Documentation CD ROM with Getting Started User Manuals for base unit and firmware applications Service Manual Release Notes Data sheet and product brochures Online Help The Online Help is embedded in the instrument s firmware It offers quick context sen sitive access to the complete information needed for operation and programming Online help is available using the Y icon on the toolbar of the R amp S FSW Web Help The web help provides online access to the complete information on operati
41. page 87 for a list of available window types Configuring the Frontend The following commands are necessary to configure the frontend settings Configuring the Frontend SENSe PREQUENCyCEINM GR PER 93 PENSEI POWE RLE Vel A cease wanes a Te RUE 93 INPUCATI eats iii dana 93 INPUEAT Tena AUTO aii andas 94 INPOECOBPIAO at E 94 SENSe FREQuency CENTer lt Frequency gt This command defines the nominal frequency Parameters lt Frequency gt Range O to fmax RST fmax 2 Default unit Hz fmax IS specified in the data sheet min span is 10 Hz Example FREQ CENT 100 MHz Defines a nominal frequency of 100 MHz Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Nominal Frequency on page 39 SENSe POWer RLEVel lt Power gt This command defines the nominal level Parameters lt Power gt Numeric value in dBm Range 200 to 200 RST 0 Example POW RLEV 20 Defines a nominal level of 20 dBm Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Nominal Level on page 39 INPut ATTenuation lt Attenuation gt This command defines the total attenuation for RF input If you set the attenuation manually it is no longer coupled to the reference level but the reference level is coupled to the attenuation Thus if the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually the command also adjusts the reference level Parameters lt Attenuation gt Range see data sheet Incremen
42. sweep measurement INIT CONT OFF Define the measurement range Remote Control Example Scripts FREQ STAR 100HZ FREQ STOP 1MHZ Select the sweep type SWE MODE AVER Turn on frequency tracking FREQ TRAC ON Turn on level tracking POW TRAC ON Start the measurement with synchronization INIT WAI Set a marker on trace 1 and query its position CALC MARK ON CALC MARK X 1MHZ CALC MARK Y Query the residual noise results of trace 2 over the measurement range CALC EVAL ON Residual FM FETC PNO2 RFM Residual PM FETC PNO2 RPM Residual RMS jitter FETC PNO2 RMS Freeze trace 1 and trace 2 DISP TRAC MODE VIEW DISP TRAC2 MODE VIEW Activate trace 3 and trace 4 DISP TRAC3 MODE WRIT DISP TRAC4 MODE WRIT Activate linear trace smoothing for trace 4 DISP TRAC4 SMO ON DISP TRAC4 SMO TYPE LIN DISP TRAC SMO APER 1 Select IQ sweep mode SWE MODE MAN LIST BWID RES TYPE IQFF Repeat the measurement INIT WAI 8 16 2 Configuring the Measurement Range Performing a customized IQ FFT measurement over the whole measurement range Define the measurement range FREQ STAR 100HZ FREQ STOP 1MHZ Define the measurement settings for all half decades in the measurement range SWE MODE MAN 8 16 3 Remote Control Example Scripts Measurement bandwidth in per cent of the decade frequency LIST BWID RAT 20 Averages LIST SWE COUN 20 Mode LIST
43. the half decade to be displayed Before you can use the command you have to select the half decade scope for the x axis with DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe SCOPe Parameters lt HalfDecade gt Example Manual operation Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results Start offset frequency of the half decade you want to display Note that the half decade you want to display has to be part of the current measurement range Range 100 mHz 300 mHz to 3 GHz 10GHz RST Half decade display is off DISP TRAC X HDEC 1KHZ Displays the half decade beginning with 1 KHz See Half Decade on page 52 DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe SCOPe Scope This command selects the way the application scales the horizontal axis Parameters Scope Example Manual operation HDECade Shows a particular half decade only You can select a particular half decade with MANual Shows a custom part of the measurement range You can select the start and stop offsets with MRANGe Shows the complete measurement range RST MRANGe DISP TRAC X SCOP MRAN Shows the complete measurement range on the x axis See X Axis Scope on page 52 DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe STARt lt StartFrequency gt This command selects the start frequency of the display range Before you can use the command you have to select a manual display range for the x axis with DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe SCOPe Parameters lt Start
44. to analyze and evaluate mea surement results e Configuring Graphical Result DisplayS ooocccnnocccccnnnnonncnnnnononncnnonnonnnnnnnannnnennnnnn 51 e Configure Numerical Result DiSplayS ooocccnnnocccccnoonooncnonnononncnnonarnnnnnnnarnnncnnnnns 57 Using Limit LINES AE Ataca 59 e Using Markers siisii ninian eheu aaa een n RR RE ek e pam d e Re e dna 65 6 1 Configuring Graphical Result Displays The Graphical tab of the Results dialog box and the Trace menu contain all fun tions necessary to set up and configure the graphical phase noise result displays You can access this dialog box either via the Phase Noise Analyzer dialog box or the Measurement Configuration menu gt Graphical Results softkey Access the Trace menu with the TRACE key Graphical Trace Options Scaling X Axis Scope Trace Offset 0 0 dB Start Trace Smoothing 1 Stop Sd ale Bye Linear Half Decade Trace Config Top Spur Threshold 0 0 dB Range Bottom Auto Scale Once Scaling the DIAGFam eric dias pA d EENS E 51 Configu EC RETO IU in D eee 53 6 1 1 Scaling the Diagram RAS SCOPO T 52 XAXS OO id 52 u ldbici c EP 52 Configuring Graphical Result Displays A E E N 52 Top RAMOS BOltloic c ide oe eret AS n a te dcn i 53 Auto Scale ONCE 53 X Axis Scope Selects the way the application scales the horizontal axis Half Decade Th
45. trace 1 TRACE1 TRACE3 Subtracts trace 3 from trace 1 TRACE1 TRACE4 Subtracts trace 4 from trace 1 Example CALC MATH STAT ON Turns trace mathematics on CALC MATH EXPR DEF TRACE1 TRACE3 Subtracts trace 3 from trace 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Math on page 56 CALCulate lt n gt MATH STATe lt State gt This command turns the trace mathematics on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MATH STAT ON Turns on trace mathematics Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Math on page 56 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt MODE Mode This command selects the trace mode Suffix lt t gt 1 6 Selects the trace Parameters lt Mode gt Example Manual operation Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results WRITe VIEW AVERage MAXHold MINHold BLANk RST Trace 1 2 WRITe Trace 3 6 BLANk INIT CONT OFF SWE COUN 16 Turns on single sweep mode and defines a count of 16 meas urements DISP TRAC2 MODE AVER Select average trace mode for trace 2 INIT WAI Performs the measurement 16 sweeps with synchronization to the end See Traces on page 54 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing APERture Aperture This command defines the degree aperture of the trace smoothing A single aperture applies to all traces which require smoothing Parameters lt Aperture gt Exampl
46. trace to be checked in one step see CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 111 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC LIM STAT ON Switches on the limit check for limit line 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Check Traces on page 62 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt TraceNumber gt This command links a limit line to one or more traces Note that this command is maintained for compatibility reasons only Limit lines no lon ger need to be assigned to a trace explicitely The trace to be checked can be defined directly as a suffix in the new command to activate the limit check see CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 111 Example CALC LIM2 TRAC 3 Assigns limit line 2 to trace 3 8 9 3 Using Limit Lines Manual operation See Check Traces on page 62 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk lt State gt This command turns the limit check for a specific trace on and off To query the limit check result use CALCulate LIMit lt k gt FAIL Note that this command replaces the two commands from previous signal and spec trum analyzers which are still supported however e CALCulate LIMit k TRACe on page 110 e CALCulate LIMit k STATe on page 110 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC LIM3 TRAC2 CHEC ON Switches on the limit check for limit line 3 on trace 2 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer STA
47. use a resolution bandwidth as small as pos sible for the most accurate measurement results However accuracy comes at the price of measurement speed To avoid very long measurement times the application provides only a certain range of RBW that are available for each half decade 4 4 Sweep Modes Sweep modes define the data processing method Swept The application performs a sweep of the frequency spectrum Q FFT The application evaluates the I Q data that has been collected and calculates the trace based on that data 4 5 Trace Averaging The application provides several modes of trace averaging that you can use separately or in any combination The order in which averaging is performed is as follows For more details for each averaging mode see below 1 Half decade averaging The application measures each half decade a particualr number of times before measuring the next one 2 Sweep Count The application measures the complete measurement range a particular number of times It again includes half decade averaging as defined After the measurement over the sweep count is finished the application displays the averaged results 3 Trace smoothing Calculates the moving average for the current trace R amp S FSW K40 Measurement Basics 4 5 1 4 5 2 4 5 3 Half Decade Averaging Define the number of measurements that the application performs for each half decade before it displays the averaged results
48. want to add See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 87 for a list of available window types Return values lt NewWindowName gt When adding a new window the command returns its name by default the same as its number as a result 8 6 Configuring the Frontend Example LAY WIND1 ADD LEFT MTAB Result 2 Adds a new window named 2 with a marker table to the left of window 1 Usage Query only LAYout WINDow lt n gt IDENtify This command queries the name of a particular display window indicated by the lt n gt suffix Note to query the index of a particular window use the LAYout IDENtify WINDow command Return values lt WindowName gt String containing the name of a window In the default state the name of the window is its index Usage Query only LAY out WINDow lt n gt REMove This command removes the window specified by the suffix lt n gt from the display The result of this command is identical to the LAYout REMove WINDow command Usage Event LAY out WINDow lt n gt REPLace lt WindowType gt This command changes the window type of an existing window specified by the suffix lt n gt The result of this command is identical to the LAYout REPLace WINDow com mand To add a new window use the LAYout NINDow lt n gt ADD command Parameters lt WindowType gt Type of measurement window you want to replace another one with See LAYout ADD WINDow on
49. 000000 Usage Query only Manual operation See Spot Noise on page 16 See On All Decade Edges on page 58 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades Y This command queries the vertical poistion of the 10 offset frequency spot noise mark ers Configure Numerical Result Displays Return values lt Level gt List of level values one for each 10 spot noise marker The number of return values depends on the measurement range Default unit dBc Hz Example CALC SNO DEC Y Return values e g 152 560974121094 136 443389892578 145 932891845703 152 560974121094 Usage Query only Manual operation See Spot Noise on page 16 See On All Decade Edges on page 58 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt STATe lt State gt This command turns a custom spot noise marker on and off Suffix lt m gt 1 5 Selects the spot noise marker Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST All ON Example CALC SNO3 STATE ON Turns spot noise marker 3 on Manual operation See On User Defined Offsets Offset Frequency on page 58 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt X lt OffsetFrequency gt This command defines the horizontal position of a custom spot noise marker Suffix lt m gt 1 5 Selects the spot noise marker Parameters lt OffsetFrequency gt The minimum offset is 1 Hz The maximum offset depends on the hardware you are using The default value varies for each of the five spot noise markers For marker 1 it is
50. 1 KHz for marker 2 it is 10 kHz for marker 3 it is 100 kHz for marker 4 it is 1 MHz and for marker 5 it is 10 MHz Example CALC SNO3 X 2MHz Positions the third custom spot noise marker to an offset fre quency of 2 MHz Manual operation See On User Defined Offsets Offset Frequency on page 58 8 11 4 Configure Numerical Result Displays CALCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt Y This command queries the vertical position of a custom spot noise marker Suffix lt m gt 1 5 Selects the spot noise marker Return values lt Level gt lt numeric value gt Phase noise level at the marker position Default unit dBc Hz Example CALC SNO3 Y Queries the level of the third custom spot noise marker Usage Query only Manual operation See Spot Noise on page 16 See On User Defined Offsets Offset Frequency on page 58 Reading Out the Spur List EETOCIEPNOISEISPU 8 dart tette usn tue t remate pa tacta se dad el ee ete dated sao giai dio 131 FETCDIENDISESPIUERSIDISDDREGT aii 131 FETCh PNOiSe SPURS RANDAOCIP nn caucho eaaet da ana 132 FETCh PNOise SPURs This command queries the location and level of all spurs that have been detected Return values Spurs Returns two values frequency and level for each each spur that has been detected Example FETC PNO SPUR would return e g 1999 232666 0 639974 6494 312500 0 760579 19992 324219 0 639974 Usage Query only Manual operatio
51. 129 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades STATel oooconccincccccccccccononcnnonononanannnn nana eene nnne entere nen 129 CAL Culatesms SNOIse DEG das cce ione A ero an avt nudae epe 129 CAL Gulate mn SNOISe DECadeg YT ocio 129 Configure Numerical Result Displays GAL Culate lt A gt SN OSS SiR STATE ci ri Rr ri 130 CALCulatesm SNOBESM A A illa iria cene techs xe rele enu e edes 130 CALCULE TS NOROS N o iireeev o Li EE deron EPe dieux a TE gre to IT Peer Co dU Ped Pew UD EOdS 131 CALCulate n SNOise AOFF This command turns all spot noise markers off custom and 10 markers Example CALC SNO AOFF Turns all spot noise markers off Usage Event Manual operation See On User Defined Offsets Offset Frequency on page 58 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades STATe State This command turns the spot noise calculation on every 10 offset frequency on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example CALC SNO DEC ON Turns the spot noise calculation for each decade start on Manual operation See On All Decade Edges on page 58 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades X This command queries the horizontal poistion of the 10 offset frequency spot noise markers Return values lt OffsetFrequency gt List of offset frequencies one for each 10 spot noise marker The number of return values depends on the measurement range Default unit Hz Example CALC SNO DEC X Return values e g 1000 10000 100000 1
52. 21 Copy Trace Trace Config The Copy Trace softkey opens the Copy Trace tab of the Trace Configuration dia log box The Copy Trace tab contains functionality to copy trace data to another trace The first group of buttons labelled Trace 1 to Trace 6 select the source trace The second group of buttons labelled Copy to Trace 1 to Copy to Trace 6 select the destination Remote command TRACe lt n gt COPY on page 123 Trace Math Trace Config The Trace Math tab contains functionality to control trace mathematics State Turns trace mathematics on and off Expression Selects the mathematical operation Remote command State CALCulate lt n gt MATH STATe on page 115 Expression CALCulate lt n gt MATH EXPression DEFine on page 115 Spur Removal Spur Threshold Turns spur removal for all traces on and off and defines the threshold for spur removal For more information see chapter 4 1 Spurs and Spur Removal on page 22 Remote command Turn spur suppression on and off SENSe SPURS SUPPression on page 122 Set the threshold SENSe SPURs THReshold on page 123 Frequency Drift Trace 1 On Off Turns the trace displayed in the Frequency Drift result display on and off Spectrum Monitor Raw Trace Trk Trace On Off Turns the traces displayed in the Spectrum Monitor result display on and off 6 2 6 2 1 Configure Numerical Result Dis
53. BORIE siii 83 INITiate SEQuencer IMMedliate 1 1 dieat rini nacida candados 83 INI Tiate SEQuencer MODE aene edendo dada 84 SENSe SWEep COUNt cocina 84 SENSe IS WESsp FhDecade acordada dba ida 85 SYSTEM SEQUERCO tidad ida 85 ABORt This command aborts a current measurement and resets the trigger system To prevent overlapping execution of the subsequent command before the measure ment has been aborted successfully use the OPC or WAI command after ABOR and before the next command For details see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual To abort a sequence of measurements by the Sequencer use the INITiate SEQuencer ABORt on page 83 command Note on blocked remote control programs If a sequential command cannot be completed for example because a triggered sweep never receives a trigger the remote control program will never finish and the remote channel to the R amp S FSW is blocked for further commands In this case you must inter rupt processing on the remote channel first in order to abort the measurement To do so send a Device Clear command from the control instrument to the R amp S FSW on a parallel channel to clear all currently active remote channels Depend ing on the used interface and protocol send the following commands e Visa viClear e GPIB ibcir e RSIB RSDLLibclr Now you can send the ABORt command on the remote channel performing the mea sur
54. BWID RES TYPE IQFF Window function LIST IQW TYPE GAUS Customizing a half decade configuration table Define the measurement range FREQ STAR 100HZ FREQ STOP 1MHZ Define the contents of the table manually SWE MODE MAN Customize the range from 100 Hz to 300 Hz Measurement bandwidth LIST RANG5 BWID 1HZ Sweep type LIST RANGS FILT TYPE IQFF Window function LIST RANG5 IQW TYPE CHEB Averages LIST RANG5 SWE COUN 5 Customize the range from 300 Hz to 1 kHz Averages LIST RANG6 SWE COUN 5 Scaling the Display Scaling the x axis displaying a half decade Select display of one half decade DISP TRAC X SCOP HDEC Select the start frequency of the half decade DISP TRAC X HDEC 1KHZ Display the full measurement range again DISP TRAC X SCOP MRAN Scaling the x axis customizing the x axis range Select manual x axis scaling DISP TRAC X SCOP MAN Define the start frequency of the display range DISP TRAC X STAR 30KHZ Define the stop frequency of the display range DISP TRAC X STOP 300KHZ Remote Control Example Scripts Scaling the y axis scaling based on bottom value and range Select manual y axis scaling DISP TRAC Y MAN BRAN Define the bottom value DISP TRAC Y RLEV LOW 160 Define the range DISP TRAC Y 60 Scaling the y axis scaling based on top value and range Select manual y axis scaling DISP TRAC Y MAN TRAN Defin
55. Ch iPNOisest USERsrange RM riter rt ortho Ru cu de opea a PRA epo anat 128 FETCHPNOI e lt A USER rangen RPM ri eter exiguis ent eat eet trt creta 128 FETCh PNOise IPN This command queries the Integrated Phase Noise for the first trace Example FETC PNO2 IPN Queries the Integrated Phase Noise for the first trace in the dia gram Usage Query only Configure Numerical Result Displays FETCh PNOise lt t gt RFM This command queries the residual FM for the first trace Example FETC PNO2 RFM Queries the residual FM for the first trace in the diagram Usage Query only Manual operation See Residual Noise on page 15 FETCh PNOise lt t gt RMS This command queries the residual RMS jitter for the first trace Example FETC PNO2 RMS Queries the RMS jitter for the first trace in the diagram Usage Query only Manual operation See Residual Noise on page 15 FETCh PNOise lt t gt RPM This command queries the residual PM for the first trace Example FETC PNO RPM Queries the residual PM for the first trace of the diagram Usage Query only Manual operation See Residual Noise on page 15 FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt IPN This command queries the Integrated Phase Noise for a particular user range The trace that is queried depends on CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe Suffix range 1 3 Selects the user range Example FETC PNO USER2
56. DD WINDow on page 87 for a list of available window types Example LAY REPL WIND 1 MTAB Replaces the result display in window 1 with a marker table LAYout SPLitter lt Index1 gt lt Index2 gt lt Position gt This command changes the position of a splitter and thus controls the size of the win dows on each side of the splitter As opposed to the DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SIZE on page 87 command the LAYout SPLitter changes the size of all windows to either side of the splitter per manently it does not just maximize a single window temporarily Note that windows must have a certain minimum size If the position you define con flicts with the minimum size of any of the affected windows the command will not work but does not return an error y 100 x 100 y 100 1 01 GHz 102 12 dim x 0 y 0 x 100 Fig 8 1 SmartGrid coordinates for remote control of the splitters Parameters Index1 The index of one window the splitter controls lt Index2 gt The index of a window on the other side of the splitter LSS E e ccs e Gu E eru om cessi User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 90 Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays lt Position gt New vertical or horizontal position of the splitter as a fraction of the screen area without channel and status bar and softkey menu The point of origin x 0 y 0 is in the lower left corner of the screen The end point x 100 y 100 is in the upper right co
57. FHD Aborts the current measurement and continues in the next half decade Event See Finish Half Decade on page 48 SYSTem SEQuencer lt State gt This command turns the Sequencer on and off The Sequencer must be active before any other Sequencer commands INIT SEQ are executed otherwise an error will occur A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Parameters lt State gt ON OFF 0 1 ON 1 The Sequencer is activated and a sequential measurement is started immediately OFF 0 The Sequencer is deactivated Any running sequential measure ments are stopped Further Sequencer commands INIT SEQ are not available RST 0 Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single Sequencer mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements SYST SEQ OFF 8 5 Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays The following commands are necessary to change the evaluation type and rearrange the screen layout as you do using the SmartGrid in manual operation DISPIAW MIA ce a 86 DISPlay WINMBowsr SELecL cocidas id bent ce bn En gated eee 87 bISPlayWINDGowsms SIZE eee cete at 87 DBISPlayEWINDows sn S TATe occi enano teure A Ai 87 LAY oU EABDEWINDOWJ 2 isenxuz c iode ecuo yn
58. Frequency gt Example Manual operation Start offset frequency of a half decade Note that the start offset you want to display has to be part of the current measurement range Range 100 mHz to 3 GHz RST Manual display range is OFF DISP TRAC X STAR 100HZ Defines 100 Hz as the start of the display range See X Axis Start Stop on page 52 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe STOP lt StopFrequency gt This command selects the stop frequency of the display range Before you can use the command you have to select a manual display range for the x axis with DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe SCOPe Parameters lt StopFrequency gt Stop offset frequency of a half decade Note that the stop offset you want to display has to be part of the current measurement range Range 300 mHz to 10 GHz RST Manual display range is OFF Example DISP TRAC X STOP 3KHZ Defines 3 kHz as the end of the display range Manual operation See X Axis Start Stop on page 52 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe Range This command defines the display range Note that you have to select manual y axis scaling before you can use the command Parameters lt Range gt Range 1 to 200 RST 100 Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y 80 Defines a display range over 80 dB Manual operation See Top Range Bottom on page 53 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO Mode This command turn
59. IPN Queries the Integrated Phase Noise for user range 2 Usage Query only FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RFM This command queries the residual FM for a particular user range The trace that is queried depends on CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe 8 11 3 Configure Numerical Result Displays Suffix lt range gt 1323 Selects the user range Example FETC PNO USER2 RFM Queries the residual FM for user range 2 Usage Query only Manual operation See Residual Noise on page 15 FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RMS This command queries the residual RMS jitter for a particular user range The trace that is queried depends on CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe Suffix lt range gt 1 3 Selects the user range Example FETC PNO USER2 RMS Queries the RMS jitter for user range 2 Usage Query only Manual operation See Residual Noise on page 15 FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RPM This command queries the residual PM for a particular user range The trace that is queried depends on CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe Suffix lt range gt 1 3 Selects the user range Example FETC PNO USER2 RPM Queries the residual PM for user range 2 Usage Query only Manual operation See Residual Noise on page 15 Configuring Spot Noise Measurements GALCulate n SNOISe AOFF cacon dla
60. Level Determination on page 29 Remote command Verify level SENSe POWer RLEVel VERify STATe on page 97 Level tolerance SENSe POWer RLEVel VERify TOLerance on page 97 On Verify Failed Selects the way the application reacts if signal verification fails Takes effect on both frequency and level verification Restart Restarts the measurement if verification has failed Stop Stops the measurement if verification has failed Run Auto All Starts an automatic frequency and level detection routine if verifica tion has failed After the new frequency and level have been set the measurement restarts For more information see chapter 5 8 Auto matic Measurement Configuration on page 49 Remote command SENSe SWEep SVFailed on page 98 Controlling the Measurement Frequency Tracking Turns frequency tracking on and off If on the application tracks the frequency of the DUT during the phase noise measure ment and adjusts the nominal frequency accordingly The application adjusts the fre quency after each half decade measurement For more information see chapter 4 6 Frequency Determination on page 27 Remote command SENSe FREQuency TRACk on page 95 Level Tracking Turns level tracking on and off If on the R amp S FSW tracks the level of the DUT during phase noise measurements and adjusts the nominal level accordingly The application adjusts the level after each half decade measurement
61. Measurement Range The Phase Noise tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box contains all funtions necessary to configure the measurement range for phase noise measurements includ ing individual range settings You can access this dialog box either via the Phase Noise Analyzer dialog box the Bandwidth menu gt Bandwidth Config softkey or the Measurement Configuration menu gt Phase Noise softkey Phase Noise 3lobals Start Offset 1 0 kHz RBW Stop Offset 1 0 MHz AVG Count Sweep Forward O eii Multiplier Presets Modified Sweep Mode Swept Fast Averaged Wie RII M Swept Gaussian E Half Decades Configuration Table Range Start SIOp 4 oie ete A data 43 Si o 44 ar M Y 44 Global RBW rescon nnde Lei ces pe too ated cel evi Ea P REEL ERE PEEL HRS PETERE ERE PARE TU n VEL ERU 44 Global Average COMME coder ios 44 ITem M 45 Global Sweep MOTE itte ret e e EE rte eto ped e ste ra rst o e EXT YR RR RE EPA EU ERE 45 Global VO WIhdOW neret tn Ee ap nete att e Ret RA Sunt bet eue ER Baca 45 Half Decades Configuration Table esses nennen nnns 45 Range Start Stop Defines the frequency offsets that make up the measurement range Note that the maximum offset you can select depends on the hardware you are using Remote command Measurement Range Start
62. NDow query LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow Direction the new window is added relative to the existing win dow text value Type of result display evaluation method you want to add See the table below for available parameter values When adding a new window the command returns its name by default the same as its number as a result LAY ADD 1 LEFT MTAB Result 2 Adds a new window named 2 with a marker table to the left of window 1 Query only Table 8 2 lt WindowType gt parameter values for Phase Noise application Parameter value FDRift Window type Frequency drift MTABle Marker table PNOise Phase noise diagram RNOise Residual noise table SNOise Spot noise table SPECtrum Spectrum monitor SPURs Spur list SRESults Sweep result list STABility Frequency and level stability indicator LAYout CATalog WINDow This command queries the name and index of all active windows from top left to bot tom right The result is a comma separated list of values for each window with the syn tax lt WindowName_1 gt lt Windowlndex_1 gt lt WindowName_n gt lt Windowlndex_n gt Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays Return values lt WindowName gt string Name of the window In the default state the name of the window is its index Windowlndex numeric value Index of the window Example LAY CAT
63. OMPNO SS SWEEP AVO ecc eren Rope ne apte ex ex Hana PER ERE A EEEE 133 FETGhPNOisetSWEsp iFDERIf ecce tir d pandas 133 FETChPNOISESWEBRSLTD IRI ii A e tx ae acest ded 133 FETChIPNOise SWEepIMDRIR roit ida 134 FETOBTPNOISESWEBDISRAT conan dr 134 PETCHIPNOISe SWEep START odie di ad dd 135 FETCHPNO Se SWEEP S TOP ruina ad Era ARA 135 FETCh PNOise SWEep AVG This command queries the number of measurements that have been performed in each half decade Return values lt Measurements gt Number of measurements as displayed in the Sweep Result List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Example FETC PNO SWE AVG would return e g 10 10 10 10 10 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 FETCh PNOise SWEep FDRift This command queries the frequency drift in each half decade Return values Frequency Frequency drift as displayed in the Sweep Result List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Default unit Hz Example FETC PNO SWE FDR would return e g 203 565049124882 198 254803592339 179 608235809952 126 506989398971 95 0386250484735 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 FETCh PNOise SWEep LDRift This command queries the level drift in each half decade Configure Numerical Result Displays Return values lt Level gt Le
64. R amp SSFSW K40 Phase Noise Measurements User Manual E t IE Start 100 0 Hz S 1 Residual Noise Type mond 3 Spot Noise Em m Start PM FORE Te OSet Freuen TA Phase Nae 0 06 320 1 874315 U AQOKHZ 29877 dBc hz 0 05 0 42 Hz 69 16 f 10 00 KHz 123 63 d8c Hz 0 01 1 15Hz 18 61 fs U U3 10000kHz 126 52 dBc Hz HZ 0 02 34 62 22491s U4 90MM 14012 dne He l 10 00 MHz E Frequency Offset Bux n 1173 9286 02 10 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Test amp Measurement User Manual This manual applies to the following R amp S9FSW models with firmware version 2 00 and higher e R amp S9 FSWS 1312 8000K08 e R amp S9FSW13 1312 8000K13 e R amp S FSW26 1312 8000K26 e R amp S FSW43 1312 8000K43 e R amp S FSW50 1312 8000K50 e R amp S FSW67 1312 8000K67 The following firmware options are described e R amp S FSW K40 1313 1397 02 2014 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstr 15 81671 M nchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 E mail info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S9FSW is abbreviated as R amp S FSW 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6
65. RACE key Traces Trace Config The Traces tab contains functionality to configure a trace Trace Selec The Trace 1 to Trace 6 buttons select a trace If a trace is tion selected it is highlighted orange Note that you cannot select a trace if its trace mode is Blank Trace Mode Selects the trace mode for the corresponding trace For more information see chapter 4 10 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode on page 33 Smoothing Turns trace smoothing for the corresponding trace on and off For each trace the application allows you to select the smoothing type and percentage For more information see chapter 4 5 3 Trace Smoothing on page 26 gt Graphical tab Configuring Graphical Result Displays Spur Turns spur removal on a particular trace on and off Removal You can define a threshold above which a spur is detected with the Threshold parameter For more information see chapter 4 1 Spurs and Spur Removal on page 22 Remote command Trace mode DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt MODE on page 115 Trace smoothing DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing STATe on page 116 Spur removal DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SPURs SUPPress on page 117 Quick Config Trace Config Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very quickly by selecting the appropriate button Preset All Traces Resets all traces to their default mode Trace 1 2 mode Clear Write T
66. SCALe RLEVel LOWer lt LowerReference gt This command defines the reference value or upper border of the diagram area Note that you have to select manual y axis scaling before you can use the command Parameters lt LowerReference gt Range 400 to 1 RST 120 Default unit dBc Hz Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV LOW 100 Sets the bottom of the diagram to 100 dBc Hz Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results Manual operation See Top Range Bottom on page 53 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet Offset This command defines the trace offset Parameters Offset Range 200 to 200 RST 0dB Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV OFFS 10 Defines a trace offset of 10 dB Manual operation See Trace Offset on page 53 FORMat DEXPort DSEParator lt Separator gt This command selects the decimal separator for data exported in ASCII format Parameters lt Separator gt COMMa Uses a comma as decimal separator e g 4 05 POINt Uses a point as decimal separator e g 4 05 RST RST has no effect on the decimal separator Default is POINt Example FORM DEXP DSEP POIN Sets the decimal point as separator Manual operation See Trace Export on page 55 FORMat DEXPort HEADer State If enabled additional instrument and measurement settings are included in the header of the export file for result data If disabled only the pure result data from the selected traces and t
67. SYSTem SEQuencer on page 85 Usage Event INITiate SEQuencer IMMediate This command starts a new sequence of measurements by the Sequencer Its effect is similar to the INITiate IMMediate command used for a single measurement Before this command can be executed the Sequencer must be activated see SYSTem SEQuencer on page 85 Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements Usage Event Performing Measurements INITiate SEQuencer MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the way the R amp S FSW application performs measurements sequentially Before this command can be executed the Sequencer must be activated see SYSTem SEQuencer on page 85 A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Note In order to synchronize to the end of a sequential measurement using OPC OPC or WAI you must use SING1e Sequence mode For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Parameters Mode SINGIe Each measurement is performed once regardless of the chan nel s sweep mode considering each channels sweep count until all measurements in all active channels have been per formed CONTinuous The measurements in each active channel are performed one after
68. Se ADJust ALL This command initiates a measurement to determine and set the ideal settings for the current task automatically only once for the current measurement This includes e Center frequency e Reference level Example ADJ ALL Usage Event Manual operation See Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically Auto All on page 49 SENSe ADJust FREQuency This command sets the center frequency to the highest signal level in the current fre quency range Example ADJ FREQ Usage Event Manual operation See Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically Auto Freq on page 49 SENSe ADJust LEVel This command initiates a single internal measurement that evaluates and sets the ideal reference level for the current input data and measurement settings This ensures that the settings of the RF attenuation and the reference level are optimally adjusted to the signal level without overloading the R amp S FSW or limiting the dynamic range by an S N ratio that is too small Example ADJ LEV Usage Event Manual operation See Setting the Reference Level Automatically Auto Level on page 49 Using the Status Register 8 15 Using the Status Register 8 15 1 The status reporting system stores information about the current state of the R amp S FSW This includes for example information about errors during operation or information about limit checks The R amp S FSW stores this information in the stat
69. Stionable POWer Register The STATus QUEStionable POWer register contains information about possible overload situations that may occur during operation of the R amp S FSW Bit no Meaning 0 OVERIoad This bit is set if an overload occurs at the RF input 1 UNDerload This bit is set if an underload occurs at the RF input 2 IF OVerload This bit is set if an overload occurs in the IF path 3to 14 Unavailable for phase noise measurements 15 This bit is always 0 Using the Status Register 8 15 1 3 STATus QUEStionable LIMit Register The STATus QUEStionable LIMit register contains information about limit lines and the results of a limit checks The number of LIMit registers depends on the number of measurement windows avail able in any application Bit no Meaning 0 LIMit 1 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 1 is violated 1 LIMit 2 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 2 is violated 2 LIMit 3 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 3 is violated 3 LIMit 4 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 4 is violated 4 LIMit 5 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 5 is violated 5 LIMit 6 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 6 is violated 6 LIMit 7 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 7 is violated 7 LIMit 8 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 8 is violated 8 Phase Noise LIMit FAIL This bit is set if a limit of the phase noise limit line is violated 9 to 14 Un
70. Te State This command turns an upper limit line on and off Before you can use the command you have to select a limit line with CALCulate LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 109 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Visible on page 62 Creating and Editing Standard Limit Lines CAL Culate LIMMGCOMMEORG ME 111 CALCulate bIMIESK sS CONTreIEDATA ada crt tette A 112 GAEGulate LIMI k gt CONT OLS HIR 7d eraa at etos a 112 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA 20 ecececeeeeeeeeeeee cece nennen enne en ener nnns nnn nnns 112 CAL Culate LIMItsk gt LOWeIMODIE tiras attt perdo vn next pe aa Pea set ucc E AATE RIED 113 GAP Gulste IMIESKEOWSTIRSHBIERT riii do a bi 113 GALOCulate LIMitek UPPerMODE 2 2 rnnt rone darian RA eG rea A npe a adan cios 113 CALOCulate LIMit k UPPer DATA isis nennen nnne nens nennen nnns 113 CAL CulateiMibEgek s UPPerSHIEt ree tr rotae aree aaa 114 CALCulate LIMit COMMent Comment This command defines a comment for a limit line Using Limit Lines Parameters lt Comment gt String containing the description of the limit line The comment may have up to 40 characters Manual operation See Comment on page 64 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the horizontal definition points of a limit line Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of x axis v
71. Type of Val In the Phase Noise application the type of values is always absolute ues Line usage Selects if the limit line is used as an upper or lower limit line Data Points Edit Limit Line The data points define the shape of the limit line A limit line consists of at least 2 data points and a maximum of 200 data points A data point is defined by its position in horizontal Position column and vertical direction Value column The position of the data points have to be in ascending order Remote command Horizontal data position CALCulate LIMit k CONTrol DATA on page 112 Vertical data value Lower limit CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA on page 112 Upper limit CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA on page 113 Insert Value Edit Limit Line Insert a new limit line data point below the selected data point Delete Value Edit Limit Line Deletes the selected limit line data point Shift X Edit Limit Line Shifts each data point horizontally by a particular amount Remote command CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt on page 112 Shift Y Edit Limit Line Shifts each data point vertically by a particular amount Remote command Lower limit CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHTFt on page 113 Upper limit CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt on page 114 Save Edit Limit Line Saves the limit line or the changes you have made to a limit line 6 4 Using Markers The
72. ULA PNL TYPE iiid Seda dere eee te uar eaten iaa 107 CALCu late PNLIMICFAIL ooo gideasandaiatedeessessbesedbeseiaeess 107 CALCulate PNBimiSbOPesssgmigib iustae td 107 CALCulate PNLimit COPY k Creates a new user limit line from the data of a phase noise limit line Suffix ko 1 8 Number of the limit line the phase noise limit line is copied to An existing limit line in that slot is overwritten Example CALC PNL COPY2 Copies the phase noise limit line to limit line 3 Usage Event Manual operation See Copy to User Limit Line on page 60 CALCulate PNLimit FC1 Frequency CALCulate PNLimit FC2 Frequency CALCulate PNLimit FC3 Frequency CALCulate PNLimit FC4 Frequency CALCulate PNLimit FC5 Frequency This command defines the start frequency of a segment of a phase noise limit line Using Limit Lines CALCulate PNLimit FC1 is available for special phase noise limit lines with one seg ment or more CALCulate PNLimit F C2 is available for special phase noise limit lines with two seg ment or more CAL Culate PNLimit FC3 is available for special phase noise limit lines with three seg ment or more CAL Culate PNLimit FC4 is available for special phase noise limit lines with four seg ment or more CALCulate PNLimit FC5 is available for special phase noise limit lines with five seg ments Parameters Frequency Offset frequency relative to the carrier frequency The minimum offs
73. ables is exported Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 RST 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 55 FORMat DEXPort TRACes lt Selection gt This command selects the data to be included in a data export file see MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 122 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results Parameters lt Selection gt SINGle Only a single trace is selected for export namely the one speci fied by the MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe command ALL Selects all active traces and result tables e g Result Summary marker peak list etc in the current application for export to an ASCII file The trace parameter for the MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe command is ignored RST SINGle Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 55 MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe lt Trace gt lt FileName gt This command exports trace data from the specified window to an ASCII file Secure User Mode In secure user mode settings that are to be stored on the instrument are stored to vol atile memory which is restricted to 256 MB Thus a Memory full error may occur although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available To store data permanently select an external storage location such as a USB memory device For details see Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode in the Data Manage ment section of the R amp S FSW User Manual Param
74. ades SENSe FREQuency STARt lt Frequency gt This command defines the start frequency of the measurement range Parameters lt Frequency gt Offset frequencies in half decade steps Range 1 Hz to 3 GHz RST 1 kHz Example FREQ STAR 10kHz Defines a start frequency of 10 kHz Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Range Start Stop on page 43 SENSe FREQuency STOP Frequency This command defines the stop frequency of the measurement range Parameters Frequency Offset frequencies in half decade steps Range 3 Hz to 10 GHz RST 1 MHz Example FREQ STOP 10MHz Defines a stop frequency of 10 MHz Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Range Start Stop on page 43 SENSe LIST BWIDth RESolution TYPE Mode This command selects the sweep mode for all half decades Parameters lt Mode gt Example Manual operation Configuring the Measurement Range IQFFt Measurement based on Q data NORMal Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data FFT Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data Kept for com patibility to R amp S FSV RST Depends on half decade LIST BWID RES TYPE IQFF Selects I Q analysis mode for all half decades See Global Sweep Mode on page 45 SENSe LIST IQWindow TYPE lt WindowFunction gt This command selects the window function for all half decades Window functions are available for l Q sweep mode Parameters lt WindowFun
75. alues Note that the number of horizontal values has to be the same as the number of vertical values set with CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA or CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA If not the R amp S FSW either adds missing values or ignores surplus values The unit is Hz RST Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data Points on page 65 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete limit line horizontally Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define Parameters lt Distance gt Numeric value The unit depends on the scale of the x axis Manual operation See Shift X on page 65 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the vertical definition points of a lower limit line Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of level values Note that the number of vertical values has to be the same as the number of horizontal values set with CALCulate LIMit k CONTrol DATA lf not the R amp S FSW either adds missing values or ignores surplus values RST Limit line state is OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data Points on page 65 Using Limit Lines CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer MODE Mode This command selects the vertical limit line scaling Parameters lt Mode gt ABSolute Limit line is defined by absolute phys
76. and measures the next half decade In combination with the RBW this is the main factor that has an effect on the measure ment time Typically you will use a small number of averages for small RBWs because small RBWs already provide accurate results and a high number of averages for high RBWs to get more balanced results Sweep Count The sweep count defines the number of sweeps that the application performs during a complete measurements A sweep in this context is the measurement over the complete measurement range including half decade averaging once A complete measurement however can con sists of more than one sweep In that case the application measures until the number of sweeps that have been defined are done The measurement configuration stays the same all the time In combination with the Average trace mode and half decade averaging the sweep count averages the trace even more Trace Smoothing Smoothing is a way to visually remove anomalies in the trace like spurs that may distort the results The smoothing process is based on a moving average over the complete measurement range The number of samples included in the averaging proc ess the aperture size is variable and is a percentage of all samples that the trace con sists of number of samples e g 1000 aperture size e g 5 50 samples Fig 4 4 Sample size included in trace smoothing The application smoothes the trace only after the measurement has
77. asics 4 3 Jitter The jitter is noise that results from temporal fluctuations of the signal Its unit is sec onds 1 Phase Noise 1 Clrw Smth 1 e2 Clrw Start 1 0 kHz Stop 1 0 MHz Frequency Offset Fig 4 2 Residual noise based on an integration between 10 kHz and 100 kHz offset Phase Noise Measurement Range Phase noise measurements determine the phase noise of a DUT over a particular measurement range This measurement range is defined by two offset frequencies The frequency offsets themselves are relative to the nominal frequency of the DUT The measurement range again is divided into several logarithmic decades or for configuration purposes into half decades Nominal frequency Rising offset gt rising RBW Stop 10 0 GHz Measurement Range Decade 10 Hz gt 100 Hz 1 kHz HalfDecade 10 Hz gt 30 Hz 100 Hz 300 Hz gt 1 kHz Fig 4 3 Measurement range and half decades This breakdown into several half decades is made to speed up measurements You can configure each half decade separately in the Half Decade Configuration Table mum EP EINE CE SS NU User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 24 Sweep Modes For quick standardized measurements the application provides several predefined sweep types or allows you to configure each half decade manually but globally The main issue in this context is the resolution bandwidth RBW and its effect on the measurement time In general it is best to
78. at neue eere nez neu Ra rn dne S 147 STATU s QUESRonableENAEB G 1 22 iria epORGeRT S IA iYia 147 STATus QUEStionable LIMit ENABle eesseessseeee eene niania biae rui nai 147 STA T s QUESionablePNOSENAB Enica naa odiada id 147 STAT s QUEStionable POWer ENABle iriiria r na nE n a E TEn E NAFA 147 STATUS OPERAtion NT RAMNSIUON cccceciecciccenscenicccesscendsanessenedecesscicedaadstboeniadaessendaacteuneaaa 147 STATus QUEStionable NTRansitiON ccoconnnnccccnnncconnncconnnococnnnnonnnnononnnnononnnnnnnnncannnnnnnnnna 147 STATUSIQUE SHOmable LIMIEN TRANS Oia daa 147 STATus QUEStionable PNOise NTRANSItiON cccccscccceecccecsseeceeeeeeceaceeeseseeseeeeeecseeeees 147 STATus QUEStionable POWer NTRansitiON ccooccccocnnncconnnnccnnnnnonnnonannnnnconnnnnnnnnncnnnnnnnnos 147 STATUS OPERON P TRANSOM tii A A AAA 148 STATUs QUESHOnableP TRANSOM iii iia 148 STATus QUEStionable LIMit PTRANSItION 0cccceeecccceeseceseeeeceenececeaceeesseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeas 148 STATus QUEStionable PNOI se PTRansitiON ooocncccocncncccnnnnccconononnnncnnnncncononononnnnconaninonons 148 STATus QUEStionable POWer PTRansitiON occccocnnnccconnnconnnncoonncnoconnnnononnnonanonccanonnnnnnn 148 STATus OPERation EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable LIMit EVENt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PNOise EVENt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable POWer EVENt lt ChannelName gt
79. ate LIMitek TRAGCe st CHEGRK it noon rne en ERR Ran ROSE RR aa ERR ADR ERR cada 111 CAL Culate LIMit lt k gt UPPer STAT ccccceccceessceceeccceceeeesesssceceacceesueeseseeeeceaeceeseseessaeees 111 CALCulate LIMit ACTive This command queries the names of all active limit lines Return values lt LimitLines gt String containing the names of all active limit lines in alphabeti cal order Example CALC LIM ACT Queries the names of all active limit lines Usage Query only Manual operation See Visible on page 62 CALCulate LIMit CLEar IMMediate This command deletes the result of the current limit check The command works on all limit lines in all measurement windows at the same time Example CALC LIM CLE Deletes the result of the limit check Usage SCPI confirmed Using Limit Lines CALCulate LIMit lt k gt COPY lt Line gt This command copies a limit line Parameters lt Line gt 1to8 number of the new limit line lt name gt String containing the name of the limit line Example CALC LIM1 COPY 2 Copies limit line 1 to line 2 CALC LIM1 COPY FM2 Copies limit line 1 to a new line named FM2 Manual operation See New Edit Copy To on page 62 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt DELete This command deletes a limit line Usage Event Manual operation See Delete on page 63 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt FAIL This command q
80. available for phase noise measurements 15 This bit is always 0 8 15 1 4 STATus QUEStionable PNOise Register The STATus QUEStionable PNOise register contains information about the status of phase noise measurements Bit no Meaning 0 No trace are active This bit is set if no trace is on 1 SIGNal not found This bit is set if no valid signal could be found 2 VERify This bit is set if signal verification has failed Using the Status Register Bit no Meaning 3 to 14 Unavailable for phase noise measurements 15 This bit is always 0 8 15 1 5 Status Register Remote Commands STATUSIOPEtration PEW ENG naci ria ia ia 146 STATUS QUESOS IE EVEN iaa io 146 STATus QUEStionable LIMit EVEN oooonnnnnnnncccccononononnnnnnnnnnnnn nn nn nana n nn nn nennen nn cnn nennen 146 STATus QUEStIonable PNOise EVENT 2222 tritt od ebbe tex hepate teen 146 STATus QUEStionable POWer EVENITJ 2 2 orna cett iia 146 STATUS OPERAN GONDINOEQ tacna esta eco rto pua ode saepe fot ne tapa cine pedes areas 147 STATUS QUESTA CON DITION 2 nite ctn rote E AAA 147 STATus QUEStionable LIMIECONDION 3 2 o inacci n anidan anpra a EES 147 STATus QUEStionable PNOise CONDiition eessesessssessssese senes enirn 147 STATus QUEStionable POWer CONDition eeesssesssssessss eese nnne nn snnt nni 147 STATU s OPERatUon ENABIe ren t
81. ble LIMit PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PNOise PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable POWer PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the Positive TRansition part of a register Setting a bit causes a 0 to 1 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated regis ter The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Remote Control Example Scripts This chapter contains a few remote control example scripts for particular phase noise measurement and configuration tasks The first chapter contains a short sequence of commands to perform a complete phase noise measurement The subsequent chapters contain sequences of remote com mands to perform special tasks for phase noise measurements like customizing the half decade configuration table All examples are based on a measurement range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz Performing a Basic Phase Noise Measurement Enter Phase Noise application INST SEL PNO Perform a preset of the channel SYST PRES CHAN Customizing the screen layout Add residual noise window LAY ADD 1 BEL RNO Add spot noise window LAY ADD 2 RIGH SNO Configure single
82. cccccccccncncncononcnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnanananannnanonenes 103 SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt cccocccononinnoninnnno conan coronan coronar 103 SENSeJLIST SWEep COUNECMULTiplier 2222 2 12e tni t ner nnn naar tant area 103 SENSe LIST SWEep COUNCMULTIiplier S TATe 2 2 ai ete nein ertt nena 104 SENSe SWEep FORWArd 2 2 2 eerte dd ad dae 104 ISENSeJSWESD MOBE ix ehe ERR se dedden nage SAQR IDA SAM X En cea e sandaadian ded 104 SENSe LIST BWIDth RESolution RATio Ratio This command defines the resolution bandwidth over all half decades Parameters Ratio Numeric value in 96 The resulting RBW is the percentage of the start frequency of each half decade If the resulting RBW is not available the application rounds to the next available bandwidth Range 1 to 100 RST 10 Example LIST BWID RAT 20 Defines a RBW of 2096 of the start frequency of the correspond ing half decade Manual operation See Global RBW on page 44 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution TYPE Mode This command selects the sweep mode for a all half decades globally Configuring the Measurement Range Parameters lt Mode gt IQ Measurement based on Q data NORMal Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data FFT Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data Kept for com patibility to R amp S FSV RST Depends on half decade Example BAND TYPE FFT Selects FFT analysis for all half dec
83. corresponding dialog box Select a setting in the channel bar at the top of the measurement channel tab to change a specific setting Preset Channel Select the Preset Channel button in the lower lefthand corner of the Overview to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values 5 2 5 3 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements Note that the PRESET key on the front panel restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all measurement channels on the R amp S FSW except for the default Spectrum application channel For details see chapter 5 2 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements on page 38 Remote command SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute on page 80 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements When you enter the phase noise application for the first time a set of parameters is passed on from the currently active application e nominal or center frequency e nominal or reference level e input coupling After initial setup the parameters for the measurement channel are stored upon exiting and restored upon re entering the channel Thus you can switch between applications quickly and easily Apart from these settings the following default settings are activated directly after a measurement channel has been set to the Phase Noise application or after a channel preset Table 5 1 Default settings for phase noise measurement cha
84. corresponding half decade AVG Shows the number of measurements performed in the half decade to calculate the average final result Freq Drift Shows the difference to the initial nominal frequency that was measured in the half decade If you perform more than one measurement averages in the half decade the value is updated for each single measurement The last value that has been mea sured in the half decade will remain in the table User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 18 R amp S FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays SEES A gt EEL EEL SESE SSeS SSS Max Drift Shows the highest difference to the initial nominal frequency that was measured in the half decade Level Drift Shows the difference to the initial nominal level that was measured in the half decade If you perform more than one measurement averages in the half decade the value is updated for each single measurement The last value that has been mea sured in the half decade will remain in the table Remote command Start offset FETCh PNOise SWEep STARt on page 135 Stop offset FETCh PNOise SWEep STOP on page 135 Sample rate FETCh PNOise SWEep SRATe on page 134 Averages FETCh PNOise SWEep AVG on page 133 Frequency drift FETCh PNOise SWEep FDRift on page 133 Max drift FETCh PNOise SWEep MDRift on page 134 Level drift FETCh PNOise SWEep LDRift on page 133 Spectrum Monitor The spectrum monito
85. ction gt Example Manual operation RECtangular GAUSsian CHEBychev BHARris RST Depends on the half decade LIST IQW TYPE REC Selects a rectangular FFT window See Global l Q Window on page 45 SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt BWIDth RESolution lt RBW gt This command defines the resolution bandwidth for a particular half decade Suffix lt range gt Parameters lt RBW gt 1 20 Selects the half decade For the suffix assignment see table 8 3 Numeric value in Hz Note that each half decade has a limited range of available bandwidths RST Depends on the half decade Default unit Hz Configuring the Measurement Range Example LIST RANG9 BWID 100Hz Selects a RBW of 100 Hz for the half decade from 1 kHz to 3 kHz Manual operation See Half Decades Configuration Table on page 45 SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt FILTer TYPE Mode This command selects the sweep mode for a particular half decade Suffix range 1 20 Selects the half decade For the suffix assignment see table 8 3 Parameters Mode IQFFt Measurement based on Q data NORMal Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data FFT Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data Kept for com patibility to R amp S FSV RST Depends on half decade Example LIST RANG9 FILT TYPE FFT Selects FFT analysis for the ninth half decade Manual operation See Half Decades Configuration Table on page 45
86. ctrum 1 Q Analyzer IQ IQ Analyzer Pulse R amp S FSW K6 PULSE Pulse Analog Demodulation ADEM Analog Demod R amp S FSW K7 GSM R amp S FSW K10 GSM GSM Multi Carrier Group Delay MCGD MC Group Delay R amp S FSW K17 Noise R amp S FSW K30 NOISE Noise Phase Noise R amp S FSW PNOISE Phase Noise K40 Transient Analysis TA Transient Analysis R amp S FSW K60 VSA R amp S FSW K70 DDEM VSA 3GPP FDD BTS BWCD 3G FDD BTS R amp S FSW K72 3GPP FDD UE R amp S FSW MWCD 3G FDD UE K73 TD SCDMA BTS BTDS TD SCDMA BTS R amp S FSW K76 TD SCDMA UE MTDS TD SCDMA UE R amp S FSW K77 cdma2000 BTS BC2K CDMA2000 BTS R amp S FSW K82 cdma2000 MS R amp S FSW MC2K CDMA2000 MS K83 1xEV DO BTS R amp S FSW BDO 1xEV DO BTS K84 1xEV DO MS R amp S FSW MDO 1xEV DO MS K85 WLAN R amp S FSW K91 WLAN WLAN LTE R amp S FSW K10x LTE LTE Realtime Spectrum RTIM Realtime Spectrum R amp S FSW K160R Note the default channel name is also listed in the table If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel Performing Measurements INSTrument REName lt ChannelName1 gt lt ChannelName2 gt This command renames a measurement channel Parameters lt ChannelName1 gt String containing the name of the channel you want to rename lt ChannelName2 gt String containing the new channel nam
87. d Sequencer Function When you enter an application a new measurement channel is created which deter mines the measurement settings for that application The same application can be acti vated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same application R amp S9FSW K40 Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application 2 2 The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the avail able memory on the instrument Only one measurement can be performed at any time namely the one in the currently active channel However in order to perform the configured measurements consecu tively a Sequencer function is provided If activated the measurements configured in the currently active channels are per formed one after the other in the order of the tabs The currently active measurement is indicated by a amp 9 symbol in the tab label The result displays of the individual channels are updated in the tabs as well as the MultiView as the measurements are per formed Sequential operation itself is independant of the currently displayed tab For details on the Sequencer function see the R amp S FSW User Manual Understanding the Display Information The following figure shows the display as it looks for phase noise measurements All different information areas are labeled They are explained in more detail in the follow ing sections IQ Analyzer Meas Frequency 2 Orit
88. d off CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STATe on page 124 Define start point of custom range CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STARt on page 124 Define end point of custom range CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STOP on page 125 User Range Defines a custom range for residual noise calculations You have to assign a user range to a particular trace In the default state user ranges are inactive None is selected in the dropdown menu If you assign the user range to a trace by selecting one of the traces from the dropdown menu the input fields next to the trace selection become active In these fields you can define a start and stop offset frequency Remote command Selecting a trace CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe on page 126 Define start frequency of user range CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt STARt on page 125 Define stop frequency of user range CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt STOP on page 125 Configuring Spot Noise Measurements On All Decade Edges oanrinnen inpia fag dd nesters 58 On User Defined Offsets Offset Frequency 58 On All Decade Edges Turns the calculation of spot noise on all 10 offset frequencies on and off Remote command Turn on and off spot noise calculation on 10 offset frequencies CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades STATe on page 129 Querying spot noise results on 10 offset frequencies CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades X
89. e Usage Manual operation Range 1 to 20 RST 0 Default unit PCT DISP TRAC SMO APER 5 Defines an aperture of 5 SCPI confirmed See Trace Smoothing on page 54 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing STATe State This command turns trace smoothing for a particular trace on and off Suffix lt t gt Parameters lt State gt Example Usage Manual operation 1 6 Selects the trace ON OFF RST OFF DISP TRAC2 SMO ON Turns on trace smoothing for trace 2 SCPI confirmed See Traces on page 54 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing TYPE Type This command selects the trace smoothing method Suffix lt t gt 1 6 Selects the trace Parameters lt Type gt LiNear Linear smoothing LOGarithmic Logarithmic smoothing MEDian Median smoothing RST LIN Example DISP TRAC2 SMO TYPE LIN Selects linear smoothing for trace 2 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Smoothing Type on page 54 DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SPURs SUPPress State This command turns spur suppression on individual traces on and off Suffix lt t gt 1 6 Selects the trace Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example DISP TRAC3 SPUR SUPP ON Turns on spur suppression on trace 3 Manual operation See Traces on page 54 DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe HDECade lt HalfDecade gt This command selects
90. e Note that you can not assign an existing channel name to a new channel this will cause an error Example INST REN Spectrum2 Spectrum3 Renames the channel with the name Spectrum2 to Spectrum3 INSTrument SELect lt Application gt Selects the measurement application channel type for the current channel See also INSTrument CREate NEW on page 77 For a list of available channel types see table 8 1 Parameters lt Application gt PNOise Phase noise measurements R amp S FSW K40 SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute This command restores the default instrument settings in the current channel Use INST SEL to select the channel Example INST Spectrum2 Selects the channel for Spectrum2 SYST PRES CHAN EXEC Restores the factory default settings to the Spectrum2 channel Usage Event Manual operation See Preset Channel on page 37 8 4 Performing Measurements The following commands are necessary to perform measurements You can also perform a sequence of measurements using the Sequencer see Multi ple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function on page 9 is M P M 81 CGONFigureREFMeas ONG ttt entente tdt veda id 82 I picueetc tqe c 82 Performing Measurements TUT Pr IN TAS ERE EET ECC EDD DER 82 Niate IMMekatel cias e be er dena x ete a t cate xad en c s 83 INI Tiate SEG Uencer A
91. e CONDIEIOn 0o cir rec Ec EE er a terere x ii ALA ERR ER RE 147 STATus QUEStionable ENABle STATus QUEStionable LIMit CONDItIOTI aio trito ndice o re merae EE ee eant aero 147 STAT s QUEStionable EIMIt ENABIe 5 rci rro rere ia cita rr terse n erre e EC Wa de nn 147 STATus QUEStionable LIMit NTRAfSIUOn rior oec tt ed ctt epe eee de E pd etr ge ete need 147 STATUS QUEStOnable LIMIEP TRANSITO ocurran ia sia a licita 148 STAT s QUEStionable EIMItEEMVENt idee tero treten e etae ern eere Vaio acere Ee EE yer eS 146 STATus QUEStionable NTRa risitiofi ratto rtr aaa bc 147 STATus QUEStionable PNOise CONDIOmD aiii eoe ri ee taste ia 147 STAT s QUEStIonable PNOISe ENABI6 carico a eh t AA ERE CER eee 147 STATus QUEStionable POWer CONDIOr c ctetu eerta tree erbe rtg eere de epe STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABlIe 1 1i ertet oiu aid dean 147 STATu s QUEStionable POWer NTRanSILORn irae cim eee ici ce etica eee 147 STATus QUEStionable POWher PTRarisitiQni iuocci inte crt e e de bt ped eret 148 STATus QUEStionable POWer EVENIJ iniit Ere re a 146 STAT s QUEStionable P TRatisitiOn cui a centi caris c iiti acinar 148 TRACeEDATAJ A2 uu concitato ct tein nea ce eccle ev dette tete EEEa AES vt e EE abate eer det t sim 123 disi 54016 2 dms 123 Index A Abort measurement remote control 80 Aborting SWS CP
92. e INST CRE REPL Spectrum2 IQ IQAnalyzer Replaces the channel named Spectrum2 by a new measure ment channel of type IQ Analyzer named IQAnalyzer INSTrument DELete lt ChannelName gt This command deletes a measurement channel If you delete the last measurement channel the default Spectrum channel is activated Parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel you want to delete A measurement channel must exist in order to be able delete it Example INST DEL Spectrum4 Deletes the spectrum channel with the name Spectrum4 INSTrument LIST This command queries all active measurement channels This is useful in order to obtain the names of the existing measurement channels which are required in order to replace or delete the channels Return values lt ChannelType gt For each channel the command returns the channel type and lt ChannelName gt channel name see tables below Tip to change the channel name use the INSTrument REName command Example INST LIST Result for 3 measurement channels ADEM Analog Demod IQ IQ Analyzer SANALYZER Spectrum Usage Query only Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel Table 8 1 Available measurement channel types and default channel names in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode Application lt ChannelType gt Parameter Default Channel Name Spectrum SANALYZER Spe
93. e Center Frequency Automatically Auto Freq sssessssss 49 Setting the Reference Level Automatically Auto Level ssssssesss 49 Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically Auto AII Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings This includes e Auto Frequency e Auto Level Remote command SENSe ADJust ALL on page 141 Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically Auto Freq This function adjusts the center frequency automatically The optimum center frequency is the frequency with the highest S N ratio in the fre quency span As this function uses the signal counter it is intended for use with sinus oidal signals Remote command SENSe ADJust FREQuency on page 141 Setting the Reference Level Automatically Auto Level Automatically determines the optimal reference level for the current input data At the same time the internal attenuators and the preamplifier for analog baseband input the full scale level are adjusted so the signal to noise ratio is optimized while signal compression clipping and overload conditions are minimized Automatic Measurement Configuration In order to do so a level measurement is performed to determine the optimal reference level Remote command SENSe ADJust LEVel on page 141 Configuring Graphical Result Displays 6 Analysis The application provides various means and methods
94. e gt TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 TRACE5 TRACE6 Return values lt Frequency gt Phase noise lt Level gt Coordinates of the phase noise trace as list of comma separated values beginning at the nearest offset frequency lt OffsetFrequency1 gt lt Level1 gt lt OffsetFrequency2 gt lt Level2 gt Spectrum monitor Coordinates of the spectrum trace as a list of comma separated values beginning at the left border of the display lt Frequency1 gt lt Level1 gt lt Frequency2 gt lt Level2 gt lt Time gt lt Frequency gt Frequency drift Coordinates of the frequency drift trace as a list of comma sepa rated values beginning at the left border of the display lt Time1 gt lt Frequency1 gt lt Time2 gt lt Frequency2 gt 8 11 8 11 1 Configure Numerical Result Displays Example TRAC TRACE1 Queries the data of trace 1 Usage Query only Manual operation See Phase Noise Diagram on page 14 See Spectrum Monitor on page 19 Configure Numerical Result Displays The following commands are necessary to configure the numerical phase noise result displays e Configuring Residual Noise Measurement 0 cccccccccceeesecccceeeeeecneenesecceeeeeetees 124 e Reading Out Residual Noise Results eese 126 e Configuring Spot Noise Measurements eee eee 128 e Reading Out the Spur Lil iue rezen ener itt erret ee trice Eee ace epu n ERREUR 131 e Reading Out Meas
95. e horizontal axis shows one half decade that you can select Manual The horizontal axis shows a detail of the measurement range that you can define freely Meas Range The horizontal axis shows the complete measurement range Remote command DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe SCOPe on page 118 X Axis Start Stop Defines the start and stop frequency of the horizontal axis Note that the displayed frequency range is a detail of the measurement range Regard less of the displayed frequency range the application still performs all measurement over the measurement range you have defined The range depends on the measurement range and possible increments correspond to the half decades Available for a manual X Axis Scope Remote command X axis start DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe STARt On page 118 X axis stop DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe STOP on page 119 Half Decade Selects the half decade that is displayed Available if you have selected the half decade X Axis Scope Remote command DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe HDECade on page 117 Y Axis Scaling Selects the type of scaling for the vertical axis Auto Automatically scales the vertical axis Top amp Bot Allows you to set the values at the top and bottom of the vertical axis tom Top amp Range Allows to set the value at the top of the vertical axis and its range Configuring Graphical Result Displays Bottom amp Al
96. e lt t gt RPM on page 127 Querying Residual FM FETCh PNOise lt t gt RFM on page 127 Querying Jitter FETCh PNOise lt t gt RMS on page 127 Querying Integrated Phase Noise Querying user ranges FETCh PNOise t USER range RFM on page 127 FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RMS on page 128 FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RPM on page 128 Spot Noise Spot noise is the phase noise at a particular frequency offset or spot that is part of the measurement range It is thus like a fixed marker The unit of spot noise results is dBc Hz The application shows the results in a table 2 Spot Noise Offset Frequency T1 Phase Noise T1 1 00 kHz 115 33 dBc Hz 10 00 kHz 124 42 dBc Hz 100 00 kHz 122 67 dBc Hz 1 00 MHz 132 82 dBc Hz 10 00 MHz The table consists of a variable number of 10 frequencies depending on the mea surement range and a maximum of five user frequencies with each row containing the spot noise information for a particular frequency offset SSS Ee User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 16 R amp S9FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays The spot noise information is made up out of several variables Type Offset Frequency Phase Noise Remote command Shows where the spot noise offset frequency comes from By default the applica tion evaluates the spot noise for the first offset frequency of a decade only 10 Hz beginning at 1 kHz However you can add
97. e mode determines how the data for subsequent traces is processed After each sweep the trace mode determines whether e the data is frozen View e the data is hidden Blank e the data is replaced by new values Clear Write e the data is replaced selectively Max Hold Min Hold Average D Each time the trace mode is changed the selected trace memory is cleared The R amp S FSW provides the following trace modes Table 4 1 Overview of available trace modes Trace Mode Description Blank Hides the selected trace Clear Write Overwrite mode the trace is overwritten by each sweep This is the default setting Max Hold The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and displayed The R amp S FSW saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one Min Hold The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed The R amp S FSW saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one Average The average is formed over several sweeps The sweep count determines the number of averaging procedures View The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed If a trace is frozen View mode the instrument settings apart from level range and reference level can be changed without impact on the displayed trace The fact that the displayed trace no longer matches the current
98. e the top value DISP TRAC Y RLEV 100 Define the range DISP TRAC Y 60 Scaling the y axis scaling based on bottom and top value Select manual y axis scaling DISP TRAC Y MAN TBOT Define the bottom value DISP TRAC Y RLEV LOW 160 Define the top value DISP TRAC Y RLEV 100 8 16 4 Configuring Numerical Results Defining a user range for residual noise results and query the results Select the trace for integration CALC EVAL USER2 TRAC TRACE1 Define the start and stop frequencies of the integration range CALC EVAL USER2 STAR 100KHZ CALC EVAL USER2 STOP 1MHZ Query the results Residual FM FETC PNO USER2 RFM Residual PM FETC PNO USER2 RPM Residual RMS jitter FETC PNO USER2 RMS Working with spot noise results Turn on spot noise markers on every decade edge CALC SNO DEC ON Turn on spot noise markers at two additional offset frequencies CALC SNO1 STAT ON Remote Control Example Scripts CALC SNO1 X 50KHZ CALC SNO2 STAT ON CALC SNO2 X 500KHZ Read out spot noise marker results Read out the decade edges CALC SNO DEC X Read out the marker positions on the decade edges CALC SNO DEC Y Read out customized spot noise marker results At 50 kHz CALC SNO1 Y At 500 kHz CALC SNO2 Y 8 16 5 Using Limit Lines Programming a phase noise limit line with three segments Define the level of the DUT s noise floor CALC PNL NOIS 134
99. easurement window t 1 4 Selects a trace Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instru ment or software They operate its functions setting commands or events and request information query commands Some commands can only be used in one way others work in two ways setting and query If not indicated otherwise the com mands can be used for settings and queries The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and in most cases one or more parameters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the command contains a parameter A header contains one or more keywords separated by a colon Header and parame ters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g blank If there is more than one parameter for a command these are separated by a comma from one another Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI commands are described here For a more complete description refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSW Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may not be supported by this particular application Conventions used in Descriptions Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions e Command usage If not specified otherwise commands can be used both fo
100. ecimation 9 o VAI iaee 41 Von ac c 41 A A 41 Frequency Tracking occi eet treni ii 42 Level TEaCkiblgt cen rper cte A 42 Pl i i v NEM 42 Controlling the Measurement Max rr ToaBig ME 42 PAN zar 42 BEGIN mee EINE 42 Verify Frequency Turns frequency verification on and off If frequency verification is on the R amp S FSW initiates the phase noise measurement only if the frequency of the DUT is within a certain frequency tolerance range The tol erance range is either a percentage range of the nominal frequency or a absolute devi ation from the nominal frequency If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance the application uses the higher tolerance level For more information see chapter 4 6 Frequency Determination on page 27 Remote command Verify frequency SENSe FREQuency VERify STATe on page 96 Relative tolerance SENSe FREQuency VERify TOLerance RELative on page 95 Absolute tolerance SENSe FREQuency VERif y TOLerance ABSolute on page 95 Verify Level Turns level verification on and off If level verification is on the R amp S FSW initiates the phase noise measurement only if the level of the DUT is within a certain level tolerance range The tolerance range is a level range relative to the nominal level For more information see chapter 4 7
101. eee se tuus 113 CALGulate LIMitEk LOWer STA TO iii da 110 CAL Culate LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA 112 CALCGulate LIMIESK gt NAME a 109 CALC ulate LIMIE STATE aii A aa 110 GALGulate EIMitSK TRAGG tior na a a 110 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TRACest gt CHECK scciiioriia cit t er nn in AA AAA Ar 111 CAbGulate LIMitsks UPPer MODE i eoi cornada 113 GALCulate EIMitSk UPPer SHIFE vico et tnnt ttr nth ren eer a tr nr rr renti n redet 114 GALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPenS TAT Crier tnr te n tp eren t dr er e E epe vn En nds 111 CALCculate LlMitek UPPer DATA toit raa eet eise ea meet aca 113 GALCulate MARKer FUNCtion ZOOM 2 roti ttr rtr ri repe eh i t hr rea tnr rane ER roce aon 139 GALCulate PNLimit COPY Kk teer trt retener et en E RP EH X DES dine EXE xxn n 105 CALCulate PNLimit FAIL 107 GALGulate PNLimitF C T Frequency centre rere ita 105 GALCulate PNLimit F C2 Frequeriey ic ota rrr ene tp err t n er E EP EXER ERR aes 105 CALCulate PNUIMIEF GS Frequentes AA 105 GALCulate PNLimit F C4 Frequency ott rer err rra eee tr t rr rrr E D rene er HERE eh S 105 GALCulate PNLitmit F C5 ther a E EE Ce HX EXER 105 CALCulate PNUIMIENOIS6 iii T 106 CALCulate PNLIimit SEOPessegrnent macia ni rider coi er E E ocio 107 GALCulate PNLitmiit TRAGG terit t e here beer de d e E dre e p 106 CALCulate PNLIMIE TYPE cote kit eio a 107 CALCulatesn gt DEL TamarkerAOF E era
102. eeeeeeeeeneennnennnnnn nennen nnn 69 Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements 71 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes eeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeneneen nnn 71 MINEO CUI or ne B Bn nm 72 Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel eene 77 Performing Measurements eese nn RENNARAR nennen nennen 80 Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays eeeeesssse 86 Configuring the Frontend tte cacce cendexentcseees ces tanadantestndesasnics 92 Controlling the Measurement sees nnne nennen nennen 94 Configuring the Measurement Range eese nennen 98 USING LIMITES os E RENSAS AENEAN AREKEA SE ERREN AAEENRERRAR 105 Graphical Display of Phase Noise ResultS cccoocmccnnonnoncccccnncnncnnananannancnnnnnnnnnns 114 Configure Numerical Result Displays eee nnn 124 USING MAKON S lt 135 Configuring In and OuUtpUtS ooooccconnnoccccnnnnannccncnnnnncnnnnnnnnn cercare rr rre 140 Automatic Measurement Configuration ccececcsseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeeeees 141 Using the Status Register ccccccssssecsseeeseeeeseeeseeeeseeeesesesseenseessseeeseeesseanseeeeeees 142 Remote Control Example Scripts cc cesseecceeceee eee eeeeeeeseaneeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseaneeeees 148 List of Remote Commands Phase Noise
103. ement Example ABOR INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and immediately starts a new one Example ABOR WAI INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and starts a new one once abortion has been completed Usage SCPI confirmed Performing Measurements CONFigure REFMeas ONCE This command initiates a reference measurement that determines the inherent phase noise of the R amp S FSW Parameters ONCE Example CONF REFM ONCE Initiates a reference measurement Manual operation See Reference Measurement on page 21 INITiate CONMeas This command restarts a single measurement that has been stopped using INIT CONT OFF or finished in single sweep mode The measurement is restarted at the beginning not where the previous measurement was stopped As opposed to INI Tiate IMMediate this command does not reset traces in maxhold minhold or average mode Therefore it can be used to continue measure ments using maxhold or averaging functions Manual operation See Continue Single Sweep on page 47 INITiate CONTinuous State This command controls the sweep mode Note that in single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAI In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the measurement is not possible Thus it is not recommended that you use continuous Sweep mode in remote control as results like trace data or markers are only valid after a single
104. ends on the hardware you are using For more information see the datasheet of the R amp S FSW If you are not sure about the nominal frequency define a tolerance range to verify the frequency For measurements on unstable or drifting DUTs use the frequency tracking functionality Frequency verification When you are using frequency verification the application intiates a measurement that verifies that the frequency of the DUT is within a certain range of the nominal fre Frequency Determination quency This measurement takes place before the actual phase noise measurement Its purpose is to find strong signals within a frequency tolerance range and if success ful to adjust the nominal frequency and lock onto that new frequency The frequency tolerance is variable You can define it in absolute or relative terms nominal frequency LI nominal level processed signal ignored signal level tolerance frequency tolerance Fig 4 5 Frequency and level tolerance You can define both absolute and relative tolerances In that case the application uses the higher tolerance to determine the frequency If there is no signal within the tolerance range the application aborts the phase noise measurement In the numerical results the application always shows the frequency the measurement was actually performed on If the measured frequency is not the same as the nominal frequency the numerical results also show the deviat
105. ently defined settings is provided in the Overview The Overview is displayed when you select the Overview icon which is available at the bottom of all softkey menus Configuration Overview 4 A xing Ez Input Frontend Measurement Control Phase Noise Meas E N E3 Limit Analysis Graphical Results Numerical Results uU Sp Display Config In addition to the main measurement settings the Overview provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes The individual configuration steps are displayed in the order of the data flow Thus you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the Overview In particular the Overview provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes listed in the recommended order of processing 1 Frontend See chapter 5 3 Configuring the Frontend on page 38 2 Measurement Control See chapter 5 4 Controlling the Measurement on page 40 3 Phase Noise Measurement See chapter 5 5 Configuring the Measurement Range on page 43 4 Limit Analysis See chapter 6 3 Using Limit Lines on page 59 5 Graphical Results See chapter 6 1 Configuring Graphical Result Displays on page 51 6 Numerical Results See chapter 6 2 Configure Numerical Result Displays on page 57 To configure settings gt Select any button in the Overview to open the
106. eration See Sweep Forward on page 44 SENSe SWEep MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the type of measurement configuration Parameters lt Mode gt AVERage Selects a measurement configuration optimized for quality results FAST Selects a measurement configuration optimized for speed MANual Selects manual measurement configuration NORMal Selects a balanced measurement configuration RST NORMal 8 9 8 9 1 Using Limit Lines Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Presets on page 44 Using Limit Lines The following commands are necessary to set up and configure limit lines e Using Phase Noise Ein tines coerente exeo th terre RR RE Rn 105 Using Standard Limit Lifies 2 cd ivi 108 e Creating and Editing Standard Limit Lines eesseeeeeeeeeees 111 Using Phase Noise Limit Lines CAL Culate PNU mit GOPY Ko iieri tocco taut entere e te yu IE Ey FARA P2 RR LEP 2D Isa a a 105 GALGulate PNEImitFOT lt P QUERYS 105 CALCulate PNLimit F C2 lt Frequency gt cccccccccncncncncnconoconononnnnononnnnnnnnanannnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnananenines 105 CAL CulatesPNEIMmIRF CS eFrequemeyos adici cadat tetra Ev Fett iu eoe eae tede ette exon 105 CALGulate PNLIMIEFCA Frequelicys ecce centena corona a 105 GAL Culate PNUMIFG Saas M EE 105 CALCulatesPNLIMIENDISE costas nase oat ca eot ade v tete vs dress cesa 106 CAL Culate sPNU mitt TRAC cL V 106 CALC
107. esult List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Default unit Hz Example FETC PNO SWE STAR would return e g 1000 3000 10000 30000 100000 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 FETCh PNOise SWEep STOP This command queries the stop frequency offset of each half decade Return values Measurements Frequency offset as displayed in the Sweep Result List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Default unit Hz Example FETC PNO SWE STOP would return e g 3000 10000 30000 100000 300000 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 Using Markers The following commands are necessary to control markers e Using Makens o ecce deti e A aa DERE e ERR TUE AAA e Using Delta MAlKe S etr dn nene tia dentes e Using the Marker LOOM ici Using Markers 8 12 1 Using Markers GALGulate lt n gt MARKersim gt AOF Fnsi oinac anean coda cda rada dana 136 CALCulate n MARKer m STATe essere rrr hehehe nnne 136 CAL CulatesmMARKersm tTRAQG idee ran eto roten AA 136 CAL Gulate m MARKerem X pei ko rec iaa 136 GALOulate n MARKersmo Y naa aa ad datada 137 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF This command turns all markers off Example CALC MARK AOFF Switches off all markers Usage Event Manual operation See All Markers
108. et is 1 Hz The maximum offset depends on the hardware you are using RST 1 MHz Example CALC PNL FC1 2MHZ Defines a corner frequency at 2 MHz offset Manual operation See Range x Range y on page 60 CALCulate PNLimit NOISe NoiseLevel This command defines the noise floor level of the DUT The noise floor level is necessary for the calculation of a phase noise limit line Parameters lt NoiseLevel gt Range 200 to 200 RST 0 Default unit dBm Hz Example CALC PNL NOIS 150 Defines a noise floor level of 150 dBm Hz Manual operation See Noise Floor on page 60 CALCulate PNLimit TRACe Trace This command selects the trace to assign a phase noise limit line to Parameters Trace Range 1 to 6 RST Example CALC PNL TRAC 1 Assigns the phase noise limit line to trace 1 Manual operation See Selected Traces on page 60 Using Limit Lines CALCulate PNLimit TYPE lt Shape gt This command selects the shape of a phase noise limit line Parameters lt Shape gt FC1 Limit line defined by the noise floor and 1 corner frequency FC2 Limit line defined by the noise floor and 2 corner frequencies FC3 Limit line defined by the noise floor and 3 corner frequencies FC4 Limit line defined by the noise floor and 4 corner frequencies FC5 Limit line defined by the noise floor and 5 corner frequencies NONE No limit line RST NONE Example CALC PNL TYPE FC2 Selects a limit line
109. eters lt Trace gt Number of the trace to be stored lt FileName gt String containing the path and name of the target file Example MMEM STOR1 TRAC 3 C NTEST ASC Stores trace 3 from window 1 in the file TEST ASC Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 55 SENSe SPURs SUPPression State This command turns spur suppression on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example SPUR SUPP OFF Turns spur suppression off Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results Manual operation See Spur Removal Spur Threshold on page 56 SENSe SPURs THReshold lt Threshold gt This command defines the level threshold for spur removal Parameters lt Threshold gt Range 0 to 50 RST 0 Default unit dB Example SPUR THR 10 Defines a spur threshold of 50 dB Manual operation See Spur Removal Spur Threshold on page 56 TRACe lt n gt COPY lt TraceNumber gt lt TraceNumber gt This command copies data from one trace to another Parameters lt TraceNumber gt TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 TRACES TRACE6 lt TraceNumber gt The first parameter is the destination trace the second parame ter is the source Example TRAC COPY TRACel TRACe2 Copies the data from trace 2 to trace 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Copy Trace on page 56 TRACe DATA lt Trace gt This command queries the results of the graphical result displays Parameters lt Trac
110. fault setting While the measurement is running the Continuous Sweep softkey and the RUN CONT key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again The results are not deleted until a new measurement is started Note Sequencer Furthermore the RUN CONT key controls the Sequencer not indi vidual sweeps RUN CONT starts the Sequencer in continuous mode For details on the Sequencer see the R amp S FSW User Manual Remote command INITiate CONTinuous on page 82 Single Sweep RUN SINGLE While the measurement is running the Single Sweep softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the high lighted softkey or key again Note Sequencer Furthermore the RUN SINGLE key controls the Sequencer not individual sweeps RUN SINGLE starts the Sequencer in single mode If the Sequencer is off only the evaluation for the currently displayed measurement channel is updated Remote command INITiate IMMediate on page 83 Continue Single Sweep After triggering repeats the number of sweeps set in Sweep Count without deleting the trace of the last measurement While the measurement is running the Continue Single Sweep softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again Remote command INITiate CONMeas on page 82 Sweep Average Count
111. g the Measurement Range The following commands are necessary to configure the phase noise measurement range Table 8 3 lt range gt suffix assignment Suffix Half Decade 1 1 Hz 3 Hz 2 3 Hz 10 Hz 3 10 Hz 30 Hz 4 30 Hz 100 Hz 5 100 Hz 300 Hz 6 300 Hz 1 kHz i 1 kHz 3 kHz 8 3 kHz 10 kHz 9 10 kHz 30 kHz 10 30 kHz 100 kHz 11 100 kHz 300 kHz 12 300 kHz 1 MHz 13 1 MHz 3 MHz Configuring the Measurement Range Suffix Half Decade 14 3 MHz 10 MHz 15 10 MHz 30 MHz 16 30 MHz 100 MHz 17 100 MHz 300 MHz 18 300 MHz 1 GHz 19 1 GHz 3 GHz 20 3 GHz 10 GHz SENSE LIST BW IDihE RESolutioril RATIO c eat aaa eon a a a a aar 99 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution TYPE ecce 99 SENSE FRECUENCIAS TA RE 100 SENSe FREQuency S TOP ceri oen acit ceat i eae AA A Aa 100 I SENSe JLIS T BWIDIh RESOlution TP E cos a 100 SENSe E LIST IGOWIBdoWST WRB sic oct pidan caia Rie dA Pret 101 SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt BWIDth RESolution essent 101 SENSeJLIST RANGe range FIETer TYPE 2 eere etuer tnit nin enne nnn 102 SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt IQWindow TYPE ooocnncnccccccccccconononno nono nanannnnnnnnnnn anar nan nnns 102 SENSe LIST RANGe lt range gt SWEep COUNt cococ
112. ge the application uses statistical methods to remove a spur A spur is detected if the level of the signal is above a certain threshold The spur thresh old is relative to an imaginary median trace that the application calculates If parts of the signal are identfied as spurs the application removes all signal parts above that level and substitutes them with the median trace Residual Effects a A ee exceeds threshold iby median curva Norm Power Density d B Hz nono n H 48 1 85 1 8 1 95 2 2 05 2 1 2 15 22 Frequency Hz x 10 Fig 4 1 Spur detection and removal principle 4 2 Residual Effects Residual noise effects are modulation products that originate directly from the phase noise It is possible deduct them mathematically from the phase noise of a DUT The application calculates three residual noise effects All calculations are based on an integration of the phase noise over a particular offset frequency range Residual PM The residual phase modulation is phase modulation whose origin is the phase noise SF stop f Lin fn rad SF start with L f single sideband phase noise dBc Hz Residual PM Residual FM The residual frequency modulation is noise that results from frequency fluctuation of the signal Its unit is Hz stop Residual FM 21 ndin z f start with L fm single sideband phase noise dBc Hz m frequency Hz R amp S9FSW K40 Measurement B
113. h spur the result display also shows the Dis crete Jitter and the Random Jitter at the end of the table e The Discrete Jitter is the RMS value of all individual jitter values e The Random Jitter is the difference of the overall jitter as shown in the Residual Noise result display and the Discrete Jitter The result is an RMS value RandomJitter Jitter DiscreteJitter User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 17 R amp S FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays For more information see chapter 4 1 Spurs and Spur Removal on page 22 Remote command FETCh PNOise SPURs on page 131 FETCh PNOise SPURs DISCrete on page 131 FETCh PNOise SPURs RANDom on page 132 Sweep Result List The sweep result list summarizes the results of the phase noise measurement 3 Sweep Result List Stop Sampling Rate Freq Drift Level Drift Max Freq Drift 105 11 Hz The table consists of several rows with each row representing a half decade The num ber of rows depends on the number of half decades analyzed during the measurement The sweep results are made up out of several values e Results in a red font indicate that the frequency drift is so large that the frequency has drifted into the range of a higher half decade The result is therefore invalid e Results in a green font indicate the half decade that is currently measured Start Stop Shows the start and stop offset of the half decade Sampling Rate Shows the sampling rate used in the
114. i A eeu eee rnnt t buena 22 e Residual ENOO eea a iaa 23 e Phase Noise Measurement Rangge ssesssseeeeeeenen nn enne 24 LEE SWEEP MOTOS e C E 25 e Trace Avetaglng osei end ee aeree ER aee o E e E eR nues 25 Frequency Determinato e ocio 27 Level Determina ocioteca dada 29 e Signal AUSMUAUOM sida ct el o ette tra 30 hohe EE LI 31 e Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode sssssseee ene 33 e Using N S dinates cedere edt ere ederet did 34 Spurs and Spur Removal Most phase noise results contain spurs Spurs are peak levels at one or more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by interfering signals For some applications you may want to specifically indentify the location of spurs However for some applications spurs do not matter in evaluating the results and you may want to remove them from the trace in order to get a smooth phase noise trace Spur removal The application allows you to visually remove spurs from the trace Spur removal is based on an algorithm that detects and completely removes the spurs from the trace and fills the gaps with data that has been determined mathematically The spur removal functionality separates the actual spur power from the underlying phase noise and displays the latter in a two stage process The first stage of spur detection is based on an eigenvalue decomposition during the signal processing Spur threshold During the second sta
115. ical values The unit is variable RELative Limit line is defined by relative values related to the reference level dB RST ABSolute Manual operation See X Axis on page 64 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete lower limit line vertically Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define Parameters lt Distance gt Defines the distance that the limit line moves Manual operation See Shift Y on page 65 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the vertical limit line scaling Parameters lt Mode gt ABSolute Limit line is defined by absolute physical values The unit is variable RELative Limit line is defined by relative values related to the reference level dB RST ABSolute Manual operation See X Axis on page 64 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the vertical definition points of an upper limit line Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of level values Note that the number of vertical values has to be the same as the number of horizontal values set with CALCulate LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA If not the R amp S FSW either adds missing values or ignores surplus values RST Limit line state is OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation
116. imit lines have to meet certain conditions for phase noise measurements the availability of parameters is limited Using Limit Lines Name Comment X Axis Y Axis 1 00 dBc Hz Position 1 00 dBc Hz 1 00 Hz Name lt Edit Limit Line Defines the name of a limit line Remote command CALCulate LIMit k NAME on page 109 Comment Edit Limit Line Defines a comment for the limit line A comment is not mandatory Remote command CALCulate LIMit COMMent on page 111 X Axis Edit Limit Line Defines the characteristics of the horizontal axis The characteristics consist of the unit the scaling and the type of values In the Phase Noise application the unit for the horizontal axis is always Hz The scal ing can either be logarithmic or linear Unit In the Phase Noise application the unit is always Hz Scaling In the Phase Noise application the scaling of the horizontal axis is always logarithmic Type of Val The type of values can be absolute values or relative to the nominal ues frequency Remote command Type of values CALCulate LIMit k LOWer MODE on page 113 CALCulate LIMit k UPPer MODE on page 113 Y Axis Edit Limit Line Defines the characteristics of the vertical axis Using Markers The characteristics consist of the unit the type of values and the usage of the line Unit In the Phase Noise application the unit is always dBc Hz
117. inate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel 8 3 Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel The following commands are necessary to control the measurement channel INSTramentoREate DUPLI6Sle ici om eec t cte id ex da au e nent a eins 77 INSTrument CREate NEW E 17 INSTr ment GREate REPLace 1 x c cidcid acdedaneeviecalaGadaveadeccesancads 77 INS TramenbDELSle 0000 a Fir 78 INS TrGNebE S TA ou aaa 78 INSTr mentRENSm 2 riri det anaa a a ce aa RR a EAA Ea M gar REM NR aia 80 INS Tiumen SELEG nice Eee A A eite Fees edt agian adele 80 SYSTem PRESeti OHANnSIEEXEOUle ic tita teed ta t xt eer tse en eoa vnd zieht 80 INSTrument CREate DUPLicate This command duplicates the currently selected measurement channel i e starts a new measurement channel of the same type and with the identical measurement set tings The name of the new channel is the same as the copied channel extended by a consecutive number e g Spectrum gt Spectrum 2 The channel to be duplicated must be selected first using the INST SEL command Example INST SEL Spectrum INST CRE DUPL Duplicates the channel named Spectrum and creates a new measurement channel named Spectrum 2 Usage Event INSTrume
118. ion from the nominal frequency Frequency tracking When you are using the frequency tracking the application tracks drifting frequencies of unstable DUTs It internally adjusts and keeps a lock on the nominal frequency of the DUT nominal level drifting signal 1 level drift frequency lt gt drift Fig 4 6 Frequency and level tracking 4 7 Level Determination Tracking bandwidth The tracking bandwidth defines the bandwidth within which the application tracks the frequency Normally the application adjusts the sample rate to the half decade it is currently measuring For half decades that are near the carrier the sample rate is small Half decades far from the carrier use a higher sample rate However in case of drifting sig nals this method may result in data loss because the default bandwidth for a half dec ade might be too small for the actual drift in the frequency In that case you can define the tracking bandwidth which increases the sample rate if necessary and thus increa ses the chance to capture the signal Frequency Observation Time 1 half decade Observation Time 2 half decade Sampling bandwidth Observation Time mp caca 3 half decade Current 2 frequency 3 Center ise ela aai an IO aiii gt i frequency Fig 4 7 Frequency tracking with tracking bandwidth turned off left and a tracking bandwidth of 100 Hz right Level Determination Nominal level The nominal
119. ivate a measurement channel in the Phase Noise application a mea surement for the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration The Phase Noise menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configura tion functions Automatic refresh of preview and visualization in dialog boxes after configura tion changes The R amp S FSW supports you in finding the correct measurement settings quickly and easily after each change in settings in dialog boxes the preview and visualization areas are updated immediately and automatically to reflect the changes Thus you can see if the setting is appropriate or not before accepting the changes 5 1 IEEE Ca Overview Configuration Overview esssssesssssessssesennnnn nennen nnne nnns trentaine nnns 36 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements ssssesssssseeeees 38 Confguribg the Frome chro incer Pte eeepc teet tm eee thence npn cer dps 38 Controlling the Measurement sssssseseeseeeeeenne ennemis 40 Configuring the Measurement Range sssssssssseseee ennt eene 43 Performing Measurermehts 22 a dia 46 Configuring n and OUIDLIES uc eo ione a ER eo ne eR Ree Rr Od eta e EX ERO bre rhet 48 Automatic Measurement Configuration esses 49 Configuration Overview Throughout the measurement channel configuration an overview of the most important curr
120. ker menu If a trace is turned off the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactiva ted Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe on page 136 Marker Zoom Turns the marker zoom on and off The marker zoom magnifies the diagram area around marker 1 by a certain factor Turning on the zoom also opens an input field to define the zoom factor Remote command Turning on the zoom DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe on page 140 Defining the zoom factor CALCulate MARKer FUNCtion ZOOM on page 139 Using Markers All Markers Off Deactivates all markers in one step Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF on page 136 Marker Table Display Defines how the marker information is displayed On Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram Off Displays the marker information within the diagram area Auto Default Up to two markers are displayed in the diagram area If more markers are active the marker table is displayed automatically Remote command DISPlay MTAB1e on page 86 Performing a Basic Phase Noise Measurement 7 How to Configure Phase Noise Measure ments 7 1 7 2 Performing a Basic Phase Noise Measurement oO oN OP aA 5 o 10 11 12 13 14 15 In the Spectrum application define the center frequency of the DUT Enter the Phase Noise application The R amp S FSW K40 starts the measurement with the defa
121. l RBW Defines the resolution bandwidth for all half decades globally The resulting RBW is a percentage of the start frequency of the corresponding half decade If the resulting RBW is not available the application rounds to the next available band width You can also change the global bandwidth with the RBW Global softkey in the Band width menu Remote command SENSe LIST BWIDth RESolution RATio on page 99 Global Average Count Defines the number of measurements that the application uses to calculate averaged results in each half decade The range is 1 to 10000 Remote command SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt on page 103 Configuring the Measurement Range Multiplier Turns a multiplier that changes the average count in each half decade on and off If on you can define a value that multiplies the number of averages currently defined for each half decade by that value When you turn it off the original averages are restored and used again Example You have three half decades e ist half decade average count 1 e 2nd half decade average count 3 e 3rd half decade average count 5 If you turn the multiplier on and define a value of 5 the average count changes as fol lows e ist half decade average count 5 e 2nd half decade average count 15 e 3rd half decade average count 25 Remote command SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt MULTiplier on page 103 SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt MULTiplier STATe on
122. level in other terms is the reference level of the R amp S FSW This is the level that the analyzer expects at the RF input The available level range depends on the hardware For more information see the datasheet of the R amp S FSW Make sure to define a level that is as close to the level of the DUT to get the best dynamic range for the measurement At the same time make sure that the signal level is not higher than the reference level to avoid an overload of the A D converter and thus deteriorating measurement results If you are not sure about the power level of the DUT but would still like to use the best dynamic range and get results that are as accurate as possible you can verify or track the level Level verification When you are using the level verification the application initiates a measurement that determines the level of the DUT If the level of the DUT is within a certain tolerance 4 8 Signal Attenuation range it will adjust the nominal level to that of the DUT Else it will abort the phase noise measurement Define a level tolerance in relation to the current nominal level The tolerance range works for DUT levels that are above or below the current nominal level Level tracking For tests on DUTs whose level varies use level tracking If active the application keeps track of the DUTs level during the phase noise measurement and adjusts the nominal level accordingly For a graphical representation of level
123. lling the Measurement E 96 SENSE TIG PM it A A dod dag te accen 96 SENSe POWer REEVeEVERIfy TOLerahee 1 e etee ticae a canina 97 SENSe JPOWer RLEVel VERIVESTAT E ocios diia access ERR oda 97 SENSE POW er TRACE it di A A A A eee 97 SENSE IREJEC CAM M 97 SENSE ISWED SVF aled conan dana id 98 SENSe FREQuency TRACKk State This command turns frequency tracking on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example FREQ TRAC OFF Turns off frequency tracking Manual operation See Frequency Tracking on page 42 SENSe FREQuency VERify TOLerance ABSolute lt Frequency gt This command defines an absolute frequency tolerance for frequency verification If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance the application uses the higher tolerance level Parameters lt Frequency gt Numeric value in Hz RST 1 kHz Example FREQ VER TOL ABS 100kHz Defines a frequency tolerance range of 100 kHz Manual operation See Verify Frequency on page 41 SENSe FREQuency VERify TOLerance RELative lt Percentage gt This command defines a relative frequency tolerance for frequency verification If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance the application uses the higher tolerance level Parameters lt Percentage gt Numeric value in relative to the current nominal frequency Range 1 to 100 RST 10 Default unit PCT Exam
124. lows you to set the value at the bottom of the vertical axis and its Range range Remote command Automatic scaling DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO on page 119 Manual scaling DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe MANual on page 120 Top Range Bottom Define the top and bottom values or the range of the vertical axis Top defines the top values of the vertical axis The unit is dBm Hz Bottom defines the bottom value of the vertical axis The unit is dBm Hz Range defines the range of the vertical axis The unit is dB The availability of the three fields depends on the type of manual Y Axis Scaling you have selected Remote command Top DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel on page 120 Range DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe on page 119 Bottom DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel LOWer on page 120 Auto Scale Once Automatically scales the vertical axis for ideal viewing Configuring Traces Trace OS 53 Trace SIMO OUMING erue aper eene erede e eren io Ver E aen edu ront de ease 54 RESTON OAL TYPE EMEN tees 54 Taco CIO figo tefte oet te tton daneben te dd S Li cnt trees cata 54 vi A 54 A A A 55 o ect cen T 55 L Copy TACO iii 56 EM 2 ANNETTE 56 Spur Removal Spur Threshold sssssssssssssesee eee nnns 56 Frequeney Drift Traced COn Of en ettet etra entes bere rece eec emeret te 56 Spectrum Monitor Raw Trace
125. mation is dBc Hz and is also fix Y axis scale R amp S FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays The scale of the y axis is variable Usually it is best to use the automatic scaling that the application provides because it makes sure that the whole trace is always visible You can however also customize the range the minimum and the maximum values on the y axis by changing the y axis scale The measurement results are displayed as traces in the diagram area Up to six active traces at any time are possible Each of those may have a different setup and thus show different aspects of the measurement results In the default state the application shows two traces A yellow one and a blue one Both result from the same measurement data but have been evaluated differently On the first trace smoothing has been applied the second one shows the raw data For more information on trace smoothing see chapter 4 5 Trace Averaging on page 25 1 Phase Noise 1 Clrw Lin Smth 1 2 Clrw 4VG 10 AVG 10 AVG 10 AVG 10 AVG 10 1 0kHz i zw 2 1 0 MHz Frequency Offset Fig 3 1 Overview of the phase noise result display The figure above shows a phase noise curve with typical characteristics Frequency offsets near the carrier usually have higher phase noise levels than those further away from the carrier The curve has a falling slope until the thermal noise of the DUT has been reached From this point on it is more or less a straight h
126. mote control 98 Overview oro irte Ul AT ON e eT 36 P Presetting ern c e A 37 R Range Start S Op ini o er lts Range Start Stop remote control RBW M n 44 45 RBW remote Control corista 98 Reference level Ato level tec tpe thee trente 49 Reference market rtis tpe 67 Reference measurement tir 82 Remote commands Basics ofi Synlax acc 72 Boolean values sis GapitalizatlOli sois Character data Data blocks N rmeric Valles iere rettet e pepe 75 Optional keywords rere mere 74 Parameters sis D D 76 IU M 79 Residual FM remote control sesssss 124 Residual noise Integration range Integration Range Integration Range remote control 124 Residual noise remote control ssussss 124 Residual PM remote control Resolution bandwidth iscrisse Resolution bandwidth remote control 98 Restoring Channel Settings ccr rer ee 37 Results Data format remote Lettere 121 RF input Connector remoto voii 140 RUN CONT KEY M 47 RUN SINGLE aci 47 S Scaling PC HP 52 X axis remote control sse 114 Y axis Y axis remote control sseeeese 114 Scope PO I iovuseesn 52
127. n Window title bar information For each diagram the header provides the following information Understanding the Display Information 1 Phase Noise Fig 2 5 Window title bar information of the phase noise application 1 Window number 2 Window type 3 Trace color and number 4 Trace mode 5 Smoothing state and degree Status bar information Global instrument settings the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram Furthermore the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar 3 Measurements and Result Displays The R amp S FSW K40 measures the phase noise of a single sideband of a carrier It features several result displays Result displays are different representations of the measurement results They may be diagrams that show the results in a graphic way or tables that show the results in a numeric way gt Select the Dl icon in the toolbar or press the MEAS key The application enters the SmartGrid configuration mode For more information on the SmartGrid functionality see the R amp S FSW Getting Started In the default state of the application only the graphical display of phase noise results is active Phase Nos Dragraili o petto e ett bet epp eo pe e terere dus 14 PRESRIUANIIN CISC RETI nn 15 PPCM ONS cT 16 Sp f IS E ENEE OR 17 Sweep Resu 5 E 18 Spec
128. n See Spur List on page 17 FETCh PNOise SPURs DISCrete This command queries the Discrete Jitter result Return values lt Jitter gt Default unit s 8 11 5 Configure Numerical Result Displays Example FETC PNO SPUR DISC would return e g 2 3e 08 Usage Query only Manual operation See Spur List on page 17 FETCh PNOise SPURs RANDom This command queries the Random Jitter result Return values lt Jitter gt Default unit s Example FETC PNO SPUR RAND would return e g 3 59e 09 Usage Query only Manual operation See Spur List on page 17 Reading Out Measured Values FETChiPNOIse MEASured FREQUENCY eed eoa ette tdt xa e ddr to bey i e ne 132 FETCHh PNOISEMEASUuredi E EVel iiia need soto n aspe ais 132 FETCh PNOise MEASured FREQuency This command queries the carrier frequency that has been actually measured The measured frequency is shown in the channel bar Return values Frequency Frequency in Hz Example FETC PNO MEAS FREQ Queries the measured frequency Usage Query only FETCh PNOise MEASured LEVel This command queries the level of the DUT that has been actually measured The measured level is shown in the channel bar Return values lt Level gt Level in dBm Example FETC PNO MEAS LEV Queries the measured level Usage Query only Configure Numerical Result Displays 8 11 6 Reading Out the Sweep Result List FET
129. ng the R amp S FSW and all available options without downloading The content of the web help corresponds to the user manuals for the latest product version The web help is availa ble from the R amp S FSW product page at http www rohde schwarz com product FSW html Downloads Web Help Getting Started This manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form and in PDF format on the CD It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the instrument Basic operations and handling are described Safety information is also included The Getting Started manual in various languages is also available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz website on the R amp S FSW product page at http www2 rohde schwarz com product FSW html User Manuals User manuals are provided for the base unit and each additional firmware application The user manuals are available in PDF format in printable form on the Documenta tion CD ROM delivered with the instrument In the user manuals all instrument func tions are described in detail Furthermore they provide a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples The user manual for the base unit provides basic information on operating the R amp S FSW in general and the Spectrum application in particular Furthermore the soft ware functions that enhance the basic functionality for various applications are descri bed here An introduction to
130. nnels Parameter Value Attenuation Auto 0 dB Verify frequency amp level On Frequency amp level tracking Off Measurement range 1 kHz 1 MHz Sweep type Normal X axis scaling Measurement range Y axis scaling 20 dBc Hz 120 dBc Hz Smoothing 196 Smoothing type Linear Configuring the Frontend The Frontend tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box contains all funtions nec essary to configure the frontend of the RF measurement hardware Configuring the Frontend You can access this dialog box either via the Phase Noise Analyzer dialog box or the Measurement Configuration menu gt Inpu Frontend softkey Frontend Nominal Frequency 10 96 MHz Nominal Level 43 16 dBm Attenuator Mechanical Auto Manual Value Input Coupling Preamplifier Input Source Config Functions to configure the RF input described elsewhere e chapter 5 7 1 Input Source Configuration on page 48 Nominal Eredieligy sota ertt e nit e et erri e tdt ee terea ee te tud 39 A TTD EODD DU TELS DID E 39 Mechanical Attenuator Value eeeeneenennnnnnnnnnn nnne nere 39 Boell a Es 40 Nominal Frequency Defines the nominal frequency of the measurement For more information see chapter 4 6 Frequency Determination on page 27 Remote command SENSe FREQuency CENTer on page 93 Nominal Level Defines the nominal level of the R amp S FSW For more
131. nt CREate NEW lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName gt This command adds an additional measurement channel The number of measure ment channels you can configure at the same time depends on available memory Parameters lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 78 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The channel name is displayed as the tab label for the measurement channel Note If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel see INSTrument LIST on page 78 Example INST CRE SAN Spectrum 2 Adds an additional spectrum display named Spectrum 2 INSTrument CREate REPLace lt ChannelName1 gt lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName2 gt This command replaces a measurement channel with another one Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel Parameters lt ChannelName1 gt String containing the name of the measurement channel you want to replace lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 78 lt ChannelName2 gt String containing the name of the new channel Note If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel see INSTrument LIST on page 78 Exampl
132. o bere ported in the summary bit If a bit is 1 in the enable register and its associated event bit transitions to true a positive transition will occur in the summary bit reported to the next higher level Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel STATus OPERation NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PNOise NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable POWer NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the Negative TRansition part of a register Setting a bit causes a 1 to O transition in the corresponding bit of the associated regis ter The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 147 8 16 8 16 1 Remote Control Example Scripts lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel STATus OPERation PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStiona
133. o ten nece A Dust ORE nr ERE 135 FEIGCh PNOIse SWEep STOP inser tre rx cine prona aes Fe rida AAA 135 FETCh PNOISG lt t gt RF MT rr rer rr tre e erre esa 127 FEIGh iPNOISest RMS roots Puta a a DE thes Pug Hiec de DER TY Ue a HA E 127 FETCHR PNOISOSP RPM y ETE 127 FETCh PNOisest USERrange IBN iore rt ttn ee ht re eer Rer anre de En e i a 127 FEIGRh PNOIsest USERSrange REMIT tinet a iaa 127 FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RMS FETCh PNOise lt t gt USER lt range gt RPM FORMatDEXPortDSEPAaraltoE iie etos toned acess cable eem pe dieta tia rhe uta EE Crede gae ve etus Ide ideis durogHu s DIT H FORMatDEXPort TRACES iiiter eerie AE at eo eee de IauzRee Dus INI iate CONTINUOUS TE E NDN INITiate SEQuencer ABORt INI Tiate SEQuencer IMMeadiate toiture rn INIMiate SEQuencermiMOD Bik vice L INI Tiate IMMedlate ttt er es INPUtA ETSI le e INPUEATTenuation AU Ol en a e a ia INPUECONNG COM C 140 INPut COUPling INSTr metnt GREate DUPEicale cierre tia 7T INSTrument GREate REPLaco diee Ai aia 77 INSTr ment CREate NEW rre e tra ret c rtr rh ra pe ena ri ra ed cc 77 INS Tr menbDEL 6le errare rt eee e
134. on See Global Average Count on page 44 SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt MULTiplier lt Multiplier gt This command defines a multiplier that is applied to the average count in each half decade Before you can use the command you have to turn on the multiplier with SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt MULTiplier STATe Parameters lt Multiplier gt Numeric value Example LIST SWE COUN MULT STAT ON LIST SWE COUN MULT 5 Turns on the multiplier and multiplies the averages by 5 Manual operation See Multiplier on page 45 Configuring the Measurement Range SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt MULTiplier STATe lt State gt This command turns a multiplier that is applied to the average count in each half dec ade on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example See SENSe LIST SWEep COUNt MULTiplier on page 103 Manual operation See Multiplier on page 45 SENSe SWEep FORWard lt State gt This command selects the measurement direction Specifies the sweep direction When switched on the sweep direction is from the start frequency to the stop frequency When switched off the sweep direction is reversed Parameters lt State gt ON Measurements in forward direction The measurements starts at the smallest offset frequency OFF Measurement in reverse direction The measurement starts at the highest offset frequency RST OFF Example SWE FORW ON Selects forward measurements Usage SCPI confirmed Manual op
135. on and 3 dB are IF attenuation If you set an attenuation level Of 6 dB 5 dB are mechanical attenuation and 1 dB is IF attenuation Using Limit Lines Electronic attenuation Electronic attenuation is available with R amp S FSW B25 You can use it in addition to mechanical attenuation The step size of electronic attenuation is 1 dB with attenuation levels not divisible by 5 again handled by the IF attenuator Compared to RF attenua tion you can define the amount of mechanical and electronic attenuation freely 4 9 Using Limit Lines Limit lines provide an easy way to verify if measurement results are within the limits you need them to be As soon as you turn a limit line on the application will indicate if the phase noise a trace displays is in line with the limits or if it violates the limits The application provides two kinds of limit lines Normal limit lines as you know them from the Spectrum application and special thermal limit lines for easy verification of thermal noise results Phase noise limit lines Phase noise limit lines have been designed specifically for phase noise measure ments Their shape is based on the thermal noise floor of the DUT and the typical run of the phase noise curve The typical slope of the phase noise curve depends on the offset from the DUT fre quency In the white noise range the noise floor far away from the carrier the slope is more or less 0 dB per frequency decade In the colored noi
136. onl DEFINE irisscan rr ener trennen 115 CAL Culatesn SNOISe AOEE t ert tt perte eee tan Sete pene eic cre pd eb uq spesa Eo 129 CALCulatex lt ns SNOISe DE CAGES X detis retobea iere tie ox a ea tl e YE CM RECEN Fea oV SERIEN ts 129 GALCulate sn SNOise DECades Y 9 oerte ree n t eee nr e ne ra nta E E eaa 129 CALCulate lt n gt SNOise DECades STATe CAL Culatesn2 SNOiIsesm STAT ciii ere onere dicte a CALCulatesn gt SNOISESM gt Xe tases seayesteess 130 CAL Gulateen SNOlIsesms Y iier a erbe epu eic lying er bo PE edet pte ees 131 GONFig re REFMeas ONGE iit deco ipee cedo deer bee et EU a quet D see ba EE DE e e O 82 piUyAU Ie 86 DISPlayEWINDow IZOOGOMESTATe ssitiasteenec etii ete petito a DISPlay WINDow TRACe X SCALe HDECade DISPlayEWINBDow TRACe X SCALe SGOBSe e trente rper tnr eer nee ren tern DISPlayWINDow TRACe X SCALe STAR L comisaria aaie BISPlay WINBDow T RAGe X SCALe S TOP conrra a en n e eerte BISPlayEWINBow TRACe Y SCALe ntt enr rre reo rn terrre nones DISPlay WINDow TIRRAGCe YE SCALe AU TO tuac unten tis ret one ber vn rase hee cre bea he Ee penes DISPlay WINDow TRAGe Y SCALe MANUal 222a eer e etin rti rentre DISPlayEWINDow TRACe YE SCALE RLEVel neon ette tr te ep enter tenen DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel LOWer e
137. orizontal line Remote command TRACe DATA on page 123 Residual Noise The residual noise display summarizes the residual noise results in a table For more information on the residual noise results see chapter 4 2 Residual Effects on page 23 The table consists of up to four rows with each row representing a different integration interval Each row basically contains the same information with the exception that the first row always shows the results for the first trace and the other rows with custom integration ranges the results for any one trace User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 15 R amp S FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays perc m c M u a eS es 2 Residual Noise Trace Start Offset et Int PHN Jitter 00 kHz E Hz y dBc 8 p d 7 13 TA iS Ap Ti The residual noise information is made up out of several values Type Shows the number of the trace that is integrated T x Start Stop Offset Shows the start and stop offset of the integration interval Int PHN Shows the Integrated Phase Noise The integral is calculated over the frequency range defined by the Start and Stop Offset values PM Shows the Residual PM result in degrees and rad FM Shows the Residual FM results in Hz Jitter Shows the Jitter in seconds For more information on residual noise see chapter 4 2 Residual Effects on page 23 Remote command Querying Residual PM FETCh PNOis
138. ormation from the STATus OPERa tion and STATus QUEStionable registers These are the link to the lower levels of the status register and are defined by SCPI They contain information about the state of the instrument For a more comprehensive description of the status registers not mentioned here and status register functionality in general see the manual of the base unit 8 15 1 1 Using the Status Register STATUS QUEStionable Register concomitante 144 STATUS QUEStanable PO Wer Register cct reor tr ee E eee boe gates 144 STATus QUEStionable LIMit Register 145 STATus QUEStionable PNOise Register eese Status Register Remote Cormrnarids inea t e io e d D aee RR STATus QUEStionable Register The STATus QUEStionable register contains information about indefinite states which may occur if the unit is operated without meeting the specifications Bit no Meaning 0to2 Unavailable for phase noise measurements 3 POWer This bit is set if a questionable power occurs 5to7 Unavailable for phase noise measurements 8 CALibration This bit is set if the R amp S FSW is not calibrated 9 LIMit This bit is set if a limit line is violated 10 12 Unavailable for phase noise measurements 13 PNOise This bit is set if the phase noise measurement is questionable 14 Unavailable for phase noise measurements 15 This bit is always 0 8 15 1 2 STATus QUE
139. ou query boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe would return 1 8 2 6 3 Character Data Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords You can enter text using a short or a long form For more information see chapter 8 2 2 Long and Short Form on page 73 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form Example Setting SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE NORMal Query SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE would return NORM 8 2 6 4 Character Strings Strings are alphanumeric characters They have to be in straight quotation marks You can use a single quotation mark or a double quotation mark Example INSTRument DELete Spectrum 8 2 6 5 Block Data Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data The ASCII character introduces the data block The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block In the example the 4 follow ing digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes The data bytes follow During the trans mission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted 0 specifies a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite for mat requires a NL END message to term
140. pa rately 4 Define the RBW number of Averages sweep Mode and I Q Window func tion a Define the parameters globally for all half decades covered by the measure ment range b Define the parameters for each individual half decade covered by the mea surement range in the Half Decade Configuration Table Overview of Remote Command Suffixes 8 Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements The following remote control commands are required to configure and perform phase noise measurements in a remote environment The R amp S FSW must already be set up for remote operation in a network as described in the base unit manual Universal functionality D Note that basic tasks that are also performed in the base unit in the same way are not described here For a description of such tasks see the R amp S FSW User Manual In particular this includes e Managing Settings and Results i e storing and loading settings and result data e Basic instrument configuration e g checking the system configuration customizing the screen layout or configuring networks and remote operation e Using the common status registers specific status registers for Pulse measure ments are not used e Overview of Remote Command Suffixes ssssssssssssssseeeneenes 71 LEES ores 72 e Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel sssssssssss 77 e Performing Measu
141. page 104 Global Sweep Mode Selects the analysis mode for all half decades The sweep mode defines the way the application processes the data For more information see chapter 4 4 Sweep Modes on page 25 Normal Uses spectrum analyzer data for the data analysis Q FFT Uses l Q data for the data analysis Remote command SENSe LIST BWIDth RESolution TYPE on page 100 Global I Q Window Selects the window function for all half decades The window function is available for I Q analysis Blackman Blackman Harris window Harris Chebychev Chebychev window Gaussian Gaussian window Rectangular Rectangular window Remote command SENSe LIST IQWindow TYPE on page 101 Half Decades Configuration Table Contains all functionality to configure the phase noise measurement range Start Shows the offset frequency that the half decade starts with Performing Measurements Stop Shows the offset frequency that the half decade stops with Tip Note that double clicking on one of the start or stop offset values is an easy way to adjust the measurement range RBW Selects resolution bandwidth for the half decade To avoid invalid measurements and long measurement times the availability of RBW for each half decade is limited Sweep Mode Selects the measurement mode The measurement mode is the way the application analyzes the data e Swept e VQ FFT For more information see chapter 4 4 Sweep
142. plays The Raw Trace On Off softkey controls the yellow trace The Trk Trace On Off softkey controls the blue trace Configure Numerical Result Displays The Numerical tab of the Results dialog box contains all funtions necessary to set up and configure the numerical phase noise result displays You can access this dialog box either via the Phase Noise Analyzer dialog box or the Measurement Configuration menu gt Numerical Results softkey Numerical Residual Noise Range User Ranges Spot Noise Sort by Frequency 9 On all Decade Edges ie a On User Defined Offsets On TIE 1 0 kHz 10 0 kHz 100 0 kHz 1 0 MHz 10 0 MHz Configuring Residual Noise Measurements Meas Range dri deii ada LER Nu 57 Usor RAINS PEE va cence eden TTE I DO DL 58 Meas Range Turns the integration of the entire measurement range for residual noise calculations on and off The range defined here is applied to all traces On The application calculates the residual noise over the entire measure ment range 6 2 2 Configure Numerical Result Displays Off The application calculates the residual noise over a customized range The input fields next to the On Off control become available to define a customized integration range The application shows two red lines EL1 and EL2 in the graphical result display to indicate the custom range Remote command Turn customized range on an
143. ple FREQ VER TOL REL 12 Defines a frequency tolerance of 12 in relation to the nominal frequency Controlling the Measurement Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Verify Frequency on page 41 SENSe FREQuency VERify STATe lt State gt This command turns frequency verification on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example FREQ VER ON Turns on frequency verification Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Verify Frequency on page 41 SENSe IQ DECimation State This command turns decimation of results on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example IQ DEC ON Turns on decimation Manual operation See Decimation on page 42 SENSe IQ DPLL State This command turns the digital PLL on and off Parameters State ON OFF Example IQ DPLL ON Turns the digital PLL on Manual operation See Digital PLL on page 42 SENSe IQ TBW Bandwidth This command defines the maximum tracking bandwidth sample rate for all half deca des Parameters Bandwidth Range 60 mHz to 65 28 MHz Increment 10 mHz RST 60 mHz Controlling the Measurement Example TQ TBW 100HZ Defines a tracking bandwidth of 100 Hz Manual operation See Max Freq Drift on page 42 SENSe POWer RLEVel VERify TOLerance Level This command defines a relative level tolerance for level verification Parameters lt Level gt Numeric
144. r ner of the screen See figure 8 1 The direction in which the splitter is moved depends on the screen layout If the windows are positioned horizontally the splitter also moves horizontally If the windows are positioned vertically the splitter also moves vertically Range 0 to 100 Example LAY SPL 1 3 50 Moves the splitter between window 1 Frequency Sweep and 3 Marker Table to the center 50 of the screen i e in the fig ure above to the left Example LAY SPL 1 4 70 Moves the splitter between window 1 Frequency Sweep and 3 Marker Peak List towards the top 70 of the screen The following commands have the exact same effect as any combination of windows above and below the splitter moves the splitter vertically AY SPL 3 2 70 AY SPL 4 1 70 AY SPL 2 1 70 LAY out WINDow lt n gt ADD Direction WindowType This command adds a measurement window to the display Note that with this com mand the suffix n determines the existing window next to which the new window is added as opposed to LAYout ADD WINDow for which the existing window is defined by a parameter To replace an existing window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt REPLace command This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result Parameters Direction LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow lt WindowType gt Type of measurement window you
145. r setting and for querying parameters If a command can be used for setting or querying only or if it initiates an event the usage is stated explicitely e Parameter usage If not specified otherwise a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the result of a query Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values e Conformity User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 72 Introduction Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI con firmed All commands used by the R amp S FSW follow the SCPI syntax rules e Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next com mand starts executing overlapping command is indicated as an Asynchronous command e Reset values RST Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument RST command are indicated as RST values if available e Default unit This is the unit used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the parame ter e Manual operation If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation a link to the description is inserted 8 2 2 Long and Short Form The keywords have a long and a short form You can use either the long or the short form but no other abbrevia
146. r shows the spectrum for the half decade that is currently mea sured Span The span on the x axis is defined by the start and stop frequency of the half decade that is currently measured Y axis scale The scale of the y axis is automatically determined according to the signal characteris tics 4 Spectrum Monitor 1 Raw e 2 Trk CF 1 999999986 GHz Span 2 4997 kHz Spectrum Frequency In 1 Q mode the result display contains two traces e The yellow trace raw trace represents the live signal with the actual center fre quency currently measured SSS a User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 19 R amp S FSW K40 Measurements and Result Displays A _ _ AAA AA A AA A K A AA AAA4AA lt lt e The blue trace track trace equalizes frequency drifting signals and thus shows a stable version of the signal with the intended center frequency If necessary you can turn the traces on and off For more information see Spectrum Monitor Raw Trace Trk Trace On Off on page 56 The green vertical lines indicate the phase noise offset to be measured on in relation to the displayed center frequency The position of the two green line depends on the half decade that is currently measured and the sampling rate you have selected Remote command TRACe DATA on page 123 Frequency Drift The frequency drift shows the instantenous frequency over time for the half decade that is currently measured
147. race 3 6 mode Blank Trace 1 smoothing On Trace 2 6 smoothing Off Set Trace Mode Trace 1 mode Max Hold Max Avg Min Trace 2 mode Average Trace 3 mode Min Hold Set Trace Mode Trace 1 mode Max Hold Max ClrWrite Min Trace 2 mode Clear Write Trace 3 mode Min Hold Trace Export Trace Config The Trace Export tab contains functionality to export trace data Export all Turns the export of all measurement results traces and numerical traces and all results on and off table results If on selecting a particular trace to export in the Trace to Export dropdown menu is unavailable Include Instru Includes or excludes the measurement configuration as shown in the ment Measure channel bar from the export ment Settings Trace to Selects the trace that will be exported to a file Export Decimal Sep Selects the decimal separator for floating point numerals for the arator ASCII Trace export Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages Configuring Graphical Result Displays Export Trace Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in to ASCII File ASCII format to the specified file and directory Remote command Decimal separator FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 121 Export trace to ASCII file MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 122 Selecting a trace FORMat DEXPort TRACes on page 121 Export the header FORMat DEXPort HEADer on page 1
148. rameters lt State gt ON Calculates the residual noise over the entire measurement range OFF Calculates the residual noise over a customized range RST ON Example CALC EVAL OFF Uses a customized offset range for residual noise calculation Manual operation See Meas Range on page 57 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STOP lt OffsetFrequency gt This command defines the end point of the residual noise integration range Before you can use the command you have to turn off the measurement range inte gration with CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STATe on page 124 Parameters lt OffsetFrequency gt The minimum offset is 1 Hz The maximum offset depends on the hardware you are using RST 1 MHz Example CALC EVAL STOP 1 MHZ Defines an end point of 1 MHz for the residual noise range Manual operation See Meas Range on page 57 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt STARt lt OffsetFrequency gt This command defines the start point of a custom residual noise calculation range Before you can use the command you have to assign the user range to a trace with CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRACe on page 126 Parameters lt OffsetFrequency gt The minimum offset is 1 Hz The maximum offset depends on the hardware you are using RST 1 MHz Example CALC EVAL USER2 STAR 1khz Defines a start point of 1 kHz for the second user range Manual operation See User Range on page
149. red last Measured Frequency DUT frequency that has been actually measured The measured frequency might differ from the frontend frequency e g if you are using level verification Initial Delta Difference between the nominal frequency and the first frequency that has been measured Drift Difference between the 1st frequency that has been measured and the fre quency that has been measured last In continuous sweep mode the drift is the difference between the 1st fre quency that has been measured in the 1st sweep and the frequency that has been measured last SGL Sweep mode single or continuous If you use trace averaging it also shows the current measurement number out of the total number of measurements The following two figures show the relations between the frequency and level errors x i initial offset m frequency gt j drift f fmeas_3 firont fmeas_2 fmeas_1 fmeas_4 Fig 2 3 Frequency errors frot initial frequency set on the frontend fmeas x actual frequency that has been measured P 1 initial o Pmeas_2 offset Pont 1 level drift Pmeas 1 n Pmeas 3 Fig 2 4 Level errors Pront reference level if tracking off Prront initial reference level if tracking on Pmeas_1 becomes reference level after first sweep if tracking on Pmeas 2 becomes reference level after second sweep if tracking on Pmeas 3 becomes reference level after third sweep if tracking o
150. reference marker The unit is Hz offset frequency A query returns the absolute position of the delta marker Range The value range depends on the current measure ment range Example CALC DELT X Outputs the absolute frequency time of delta marker 1 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y This command queries the relative position of a delta marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps See also INI Tiate CONTinuous on page 82 Return values lt Level gt Phase noise level Default unit dBc Hz Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAL Starts a sweep and waits for its end CALC DELT2 ON Switches on delta marker 2 CALC DELT2 Y Outputs measurement value of delta marker 2 Usage Query only Using the Marker Zoom CALCULE MARKE FUNCOM ZOOM eiorinn a aaa aaa 139 DISPlayEWINDow ZOOMESTAT ejinrin iaa 140 CALCulate MARKer FUNCtion ZOOM lt ZoomFactor gt This command defines the factor or magnitude of the marker zoom 8 13 Configuring In and Outputs Parameters lt ZoomFactor gt Range 1 to 20 RST Zoom OFF Example CALC MARK FUNC ZOOM 12 Zooms into the diagram with a factor of 10 around marker 1 Manual operation See Marker
151. rements cccccceeceeeeeeeeeneeaceaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaenaeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeess 80 e Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays eese 86 COMIGUING te Frame iie ote eter en n ria hm n e eR eei nens 92 e Controlling the Measurement cion diia 94 e Configuring the Measurement Range cccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeaeceeeeeeeeeeseeeeseenaees 98 Using EMMI SS cosita iii ica 105 e Graphical Display of Phase Noise ResultS oooooncnnnnniinnnnnococcccccnnccnncnnannnnnonnnncos 114 e Configure Numerical Result Displays sss 124 e HsingMKeE8 ssnceciten sacucedecssanetadssangutilesicspient ide 135 e COMMUTING Ins and OQU IDUES iie qe e certo ettet EY rrt e teo ens 140 e Automatic Measurement ConfiguratiON ooccnnnnncccnnnnnoccccnnnananccnnnnnancncnnnnnnncnnnanns 141 Using the Status Register nci air 142 e Remote Control Example Scripts ccccccccecceeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeseceeseeeees 148 8 1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes The remote commands for the Phase Noise Measurement application support the fol lowing suffixes Suffix Value range Description lt k gt 1 8 Selects a limit line m 1 16 Selects a marker or delta marker R amp S FSW K40 Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements 8 2 8 2 1 Suffix Value range Description lt n gt 1 16 Selects a m
152. remote control is provided as well as information on main tenance instrument interfaces and troubleshooting 1 3 1 3 1 Conventions Used in the Documentation In the individual application manuals the specific instrument functions of the applica tion are described in detail For additional information on default settings and parame ters refer to the data sheets Basic information on operating the R amp S FSW is not inclu ded in the application manuals All user manuals are also available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz website on the R amp S FSW product page at http www2 rohde schwarz com product FSW html Service Manual This manual is available in PDF format on the Documentation CD ROM delivered with the instrument It describes how to check compliance with rated specifications instru ment function repair troubleshooting and fault elimination It contains all information required for repairing the R amp S FSW by replacing modules Release Notes The release notes describe the installation of the firmware new and modified func tions eliminated problems and last minute changes to the documentation The corre sponding firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes The most recent release notes are also available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz website on the R amp S FSW product page at http www2 rohde schwarz com product FSW html gt Downloads gt Firmware Conventions U
153. rence between the 1st frequency that has been measured and the frequency that has been measured last e Ato Ref Level Difference between the 1st level that has been measured and the level that has been measured last 2 Frequency amp Level Stability Type Indicator Value E 130 00 mHz LL A 0 0 0D LL The results correspond to the Level Drift and Frequency Drift results displayed in the channel bar For more information see Channel bar information on page 11 Note that the results are only valid for I Q FFT measurements see Global Sweep Mode on page 45 Reference Measurement The reference measurement measures the inherent noise figure DANL of the R amp S FSW To determine the inherent noise the application performs a measurement without the signal at the input The resulting trace shows the inherent noise of the R amp S FSW only When you substract that inherent noise from the phase noise of the measurement with trace mathematics you get a trace that shows the phase noise of the DUT only Remote command CONFigure REFMeas ONCE on page 82 E User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 21 4 1 Spurs and Spur Removal Measurement Basics The measurement basics contain background information on the terminology and prin ciples of phase noise measurements Phase noise measurements in general determine the single sideband phase noise characteristics of a device under test DUT e Spurs dnd Spur REMOVA ice cte d a
154. rp d pg e trend tdo 78 INS Tieume ntl SR f MR 78 INS Trumen RENAME sessirnar Re terae paz eres beac Pre reta eve nate aime ae EUM DRYER S CHER 80 INSTr ment SEL6Gt renar err AAA a rre eed Fe AAA Eia 80 LAYout ADDEWINDOW 5 citu erreur rr oia 87 LAYout GATalog WINDOWJ treo reet rere a t ee rc Fe repro eae gas 88 EAYoUEIDENtTIVEWINDOW J s icit rte rr rex e AA PY EE VE VE VEO ker ee E Ee d 89 LAYout REMove WINDow 89 LAYU REP Lace WINDOW trarre trm ro n P rte enint rr i crecen 89 AY OUTS PIMC ictor ette re e e VP EE REPRE e ES ER ERN eC ERE E E o re P ERRARE KU rete 90 EAYout WINDowsn ADDY3 cites ona ea tereti rie eee pleure led rhe epu dE Ceca tad 91 LAY cut WINDOwsn DENT ccce erae eaa ere nace ee Eve er EP iets annua ERES nae RR RE o SENE a 92 LAY out WINDowsn gt REMOVG ipee pectet te ved rin c bua cep et yaad 92 EAYout WINDowsn REPLACcO sini te neis tai eua a alata Dee tex Fu Reds 92 MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe STATUS OPERation CONDIIOTn tice rero AO Ee ke EET ON A ERE YR EE eg Yn 147 STATUSs OPERation ENABIOe unn tcs Free A ERE ea FOYER UR e EXER FCR e REFERRI a ae 147 STATUS OPERation NT RANSOM cuasi ra Mise sede errr ceto aera ee cede resa ERE A ERE TEE PRU 147 STATus OPERatior PTRASIUOR sic toi ertet ttp rer eet coe Pr rr Dp cud er be Ue bp ea Cus 148 STATus OPERation EVENI oic tret e A o Reha PER nda EN od 146 STAT s QUEStionabl
155. s automatic scaling of the vertical axis on and off Parameters Mode ON Automatic scaling is on OFF Automatic scaling is off ONCE Automatic scaling is performed once then turned off again RST ON Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y SCAL AUTO ONCE Scales the vertical axis once Manual operation See Y Axis Scaling on page 52 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe MANual Mode This command selects the type of manual scaling of the vertical axis Parameters lt Mode gt BRANge Scaling based on the value at the bottom of the diagram and the axis range OFF Turns manual scaling of the y axis off TBOTtom Scaling based on the values on the bottom and top of the dia gram TRANge Scaling based on the value at the top of the diagram and the axis range RST ON Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y SCAL MAN TRAN Scaling of the vertical axis based on the top and the range of the axis Manual operation See Y Axis Scaling on page 52 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe RLEVel lt Reference gt This command defines the reference value or upper border of the diagram area Note that you have to select manual y axis scaling before you can use the command Parameters lt Reference gt Range 200 to O RST 20 Default unit dBc Hz Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV 50 Defines a reference value of 50 dBc Hz Manual operation See Top Range Bottom on page 53 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y
156. se nee Er e reser cater aera 137 CAL C latesn DEETamarkeremo MEBEF periere ilies ep tege ot pd etr ge ed ve tego 138 CAL Culatesn DEETamarkersm TRAGO 1 1 action iio 138 CALCulatesn gt DEL Tamearkerstm X aaa o oa 139 GALCulatesn DELTamarkersm Y eiea tnt rre ee er Ma et deo n xx ene ER ER n Eon 139 CALGulatesn DELTamarkersm E STA Te lin aiii ii daa 138 CALGulatesh gt EVALUationiSTA Rouco rara ear a cori eiTe e e EE Eco 124 CAL Culatesn gt EVALuAtIon S LOB cio beret Da ta dae ree egeta eu ur bata vs Do Dads 125 CALCulate n EVALuation USER range STARt esssseseesseeeeeeee enne rennen nree nennt 125 CALCulate n EVALuation USER range S TOP io cerit inerte re dn ci 125 CALCulate n EVALuation USER range TRAQGe rettet nth ned ra ree nh 126 GCALbGulatespn EVALuation STATE acon ret et ierit A A cts 124 GALCulatesn MARKersmc AOFEF 2 oret rrr rer sereni ha echa eo t cr FREE DI Fe oae ra a 136 CAL C latesn MARKer mo TRA ecrit tetigi eta cg dc un neq eens 136 CAL Culatesnz MARKer sIm X cei a ne ii en Dx ab i cera ge pepe didt bs 136 GALGulate sn MARKersIm o Y uestre teret thea ei ehe ire EX EO RE re YE EE n EE IR REY e FE n tr a E iaa 137 GALCulatesn MARKersm STATe e i etr rnt tr etre eae etre epa ha nete rer a n 136 GAbGulatespnz MATBIS WAT Cy ota mme reus e n ente e echo A a ven ee LM Ress ti ead 115 GALGCulate n MATH EXPressi
157. se segment the slope is greater than 0 dB The slope however is not constant in that segment but again is typical for various carrier offset segments or ranges The application supports the definition of up to five ranges each with a different slope The ranges themselves are defined by corner frequencies Corner frequencies are those frequencies that mark the boundaries of typical curve slopes If you use all five ranges the result would be a limit line with six segments All segments have a slope of 10 dB per decade f by default In most cases these special limit lines will suffice for phase noise measurements as they represent the typical shape of a phase noise curve Using Limit Lines Fig 4 8 Typical looks of a special limit line Normal limit lines Normal limit lines on the other hand may have any shape and may consist of up to 200 data points You can turn on up to 8 normal limit lines at the same time Each of those limit line can test one or several traces If you want to use them for phase noise measurements however a limit line must be scaled in the unit dBc Hz and must be defined on a logarithmic scale on the horizontal axis dBoHz ae limit line phase noise curve Fig 4 9 Possible looks of a normal limit line Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode 4 10 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode If several sweeps are performed one after the other or continuous sweeps are per formed the trac
158. sed in the Documentation Typographical Conventions The following text markers are used throughout this documentation Convention Description Graphical user interface ele All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen such as ments dialog boxes menus options buttons and softkeys are enclosed by quotation marks KEYS Key names are written in capital letters File names commands File names commands coding samples and screen output are distin program code guished by their font Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font References References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota tion marks Conventions Used in the Documentation 1 3 2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions When describing how to operate the instrument several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task In this case the procedure using the touchscreen is described Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or the on screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures The term select may refer to any of the described methods i e using a finger on the touchscreen a mouse pointer in the display or a key on the instrument or on a key
159. see Half Decades Configuration Table on page 45 Channel bar information The channel bar contains information about the current measurement setup progress and results Phase Noise Meas Level gt Initial Delta Drift Fig 2 2 Channel bar of the phase noise application Frequency Frequency the R amp S FSW has been tuned to The frontend frequency is the expected frequency of the carrier When fre quency tracking or verification is on the application might adjust the frontend frequency Ref Level amp Att Reference level first value and attenuation second value of the R amp S FSW When level tracking or verification is on the application might adjust the fron tend level Measurement Complete phase noise measurement range For more information see chap ter 4 3 Phase Noise Measurement Range on page 24 Measured Level DUT level that has been actually measured The measured level might differ from the frontend level e g if you are using level verification Initial Delta Difference between the nominal level and the first level that has been mea sured S reer User Manual 1173 9286 02 10 11 Understanding the Display Information Drift Difference between the 1st level that has been measured and the level that has been measured last In continuous sweep mode the drift is the difference between the 1st level that has been measured in the 1st sweep and the level that has been measu
160. ssent 120 DISPlay WINDow TRAGCe Y SCALe REEVel OFF Set 2 rtr ttt nr tnnt nee 121 DISPlayEWINBDowETRACest MOBDBE tette rh rentre rre tener e eter t ern DISPlay WINDow TRACe lt t gt SMOothing APERture m BDISPlay WINDow TRAGCests SMOothing TYPE rane err eter ent eter eee DISPlay WINDow TRACest SMOothingE S TATe ertet tnn nnt erre DISPlay WINDow TRACe t SPURSs SUPPress esses enne nono n cnn nr no rennen en rennen BDISPlayEWINDowsn SELGt rice a rrr rr eerte Pe reet trina DISPlayEWINDoWsrC SIZE rte tree tr rr ree Rr E Eee te o eere intr DBISPlayEWINDowsrnP ESTA TO muaa ai teat FETCh PNOise IPN enn FETCh PNOise MEASured FREQUehCcy enter tret rendre kenn dr He ERR En FETENPNOIS6 MEASured LEV Altura da Pra EX ERREUR DERE ais 132 FETGCh PNOIse SPURS DISGrete rrn reme erm era ren sits sce rtt n err eri ATE EC RE E E FO E EXE c ie Eas 131 FETCh PNOise SPURS RAN DOITI iiec rh penis 132 FEIGh PNOISe SPURS nieto n rnt odia iter nre Hide iret Pese ido 131 FETCh PNOISE SWECPIAV crum 133 FETCh PNOise SWEep FDRIift m FEIGh PNOISe SWEep DDIITE uttter ere to Pe a cene re poca ads Hte E ap RE RD 133 FETCh PNOIse SWEep MDRIE iiei iren ot e een ect terere e ent Ern Ene re nh dai 134 FETCHh PNO ISE OWEep DRA TOP visir rn n e d EYE TV EG EET XR HEX EX nn 134 FEIGh PNOISe SWEep 9 DARE oi titre ed
161. sweep end synchronization For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual If the sweep mode is changed for a measurement channel while the Sequencer is active see INITiate SEQuencer IMMediate on page 83 the mode is only con sidered the next time the measurement in that channel is activated by the Sequencer Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 ON 1 Continuous sweep OFF 0 Single sweep RST 1 Performing Measurements Example INIT CONT OFF Switches the sweep mode to single sweep INIT CONT ON Switches the sweep mode to continuous sweep Manual operation See Continuous Sweep RUN CONT on page 47 INITiate IMMediate This command starts a single new measurement With sweep count or average count gt 0 this means a restart of the corresponding number of measurements With trace mode MAXHold MINHold and AVERage the previous results are reset on restarting the measurement You can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAI For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Manual operation See Single Sweep RUN SINGLE on page 47 INITiate SEQuencer ABORt This command stops the currently active sequence of measurements The Sequencer itself is not deactivated so you can start a new sequence immediately using INITiate SEQuencer IMMediate on page 83 To deactivate the Sequencer use
162. t 5dB RST 10 dB AUTO is set to ON 8 7 Controlling the Measurement Example INP ATT 30dB Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from the reference level Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Mechanical Attenuator Value on page 39 INPut ATTenuation AUTO lt State gt This command couples or decouples the attenuation to the reference level Thus when the reference level is changed the R amp S FSW determines the signal level for optimal internal data processing and sets the required attenuation accordingly Parameters lt State gt ON OFF 0 1 RST 1 Example INP ATT AUTO ON Couples the attenuation to the reference level Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Mechanical Attenuator Value on page 39 INPut COUPling lt CouplingType gt This command selects the coupling type of the RF input Parameters lt CouplingType gt AC AC coupling DC DC coupling RST AC Example INP COUP DC Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Coupling on page 40 Controlling the Measurement The following commands are necessary to control the sequence of the phase noise measurement SENSE FREDUENO TRAN ada 95 SENSe FREQuency VERify TOLerance ABSolute sse 95 SENSe FREQuency VERify TOLerance RELative cessisse enne 95 SENSe FREQuency VERIfy STATe ccce tenente tet tetti 96 SENSe IG DEGim ation RR bear 96 Contro
163. t line Using Limit Lines The file is stored in the default folder for user limit lines You can load and edit the limit line via the Select Limit Line dialog box For more information see Select Limit Line on page 61 Remote command CALCulate PNLimit COPY lt k gt on page 105 6 3 2 Selecting Standard Limit Lines Select mmt EM O io coe E E e eee tees 61 E ANGE eir titii nid eie Feed de rte i ed Fondo E Ea Hr RA RE ad n dd 61 UU MER a Kt 61 o PNE 62 EE E 62 LE heck Tias E ne ee ee ee 62 ES Omen sitter etre ra tet ves sa erbe ee tee nte AE 62 A nettement netten teer nen 62 L New Edit Copy ADM M 62 SA 63 L Disable All Lines ttm tr ptr st tts 63 Select Limit Line The Select Limit Line dialog box contains functionality to include standard limit lines in the measurement The dialog box consists of a table that shows all available limit lines and their charac teristics and a few buttons to manage individual limit lines Name Unit Compatible Visible Check Traces Comment View Filter Show compatible Show lines for PNoise Name Select Limit Line Shows the name of the limit line Unit Select Limit Line Shows the unit of the limit line Using Limit Lines Compatible Select Limit Line Shows if the limit line is compatible to the current measurement setup or not Yes You can use the limit line because it is compatible to the current mea surement setup No You
164. ted Mates aimi a aa aaa Feu dus km ru ea Eua oa airis 60 Noise Floor ced A dr eec at AAA ker nese d ease 60 Range X RAMO m DEA 60 Copy to User LIME Lie oir 60 Phase Noise Limit Line Selects the shape of the phase noise limit line For more information see chapter 4 9 Using Limit Lines on page 31 None No limit line Noise floor Limit line defined by the noise floor and x corner frequencies and and x Ranges slopes The application supports up to 5 ranges Remote command CALCulate PNLimit TYPE on page 107 Selected Traces Selects the trace s to assign a phase noise limit line to For more information see chapter 4 9 Using Limit Lines on page 31 Remote command CALCulate PNLimit TRACe on page 106 Noise Floor Defines the noise floor level in dBm Hz of the DUT For more information see chapter 4 9 Using Limit Lines on page 31 Remote command CALCulate PNLimit NOISe on page 106 Range x Range y Defines the corner frequencies and slope for a particular segment of phase noise limit lines The slope defines the slope of the limit line segment to the left of the corner frequency For more information see chapter 4 9 Using Limit Lines on page 31 Remote command Corner frequencies CALCulate PNLimit FC5 on page 105 Slope CALCulate PNLimit SLOPe lt segment gt on page 107 Copy to User Limit Line Creates a new user limit line from the data of a phase noise limi
165. tes the marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps See also INITiate CONTinuous on page 82 Return values lt Level gt Phase noise level of the marker Default unit dBc Hz Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC MARK2 ON Switches marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Outputs the measured value of marker 2 Usage Query only Using Delta Markers CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker AOFF 0cccccescccceesccessececeeececeacesesseeeceaceeeseeeeeseseeesaeeees 137 GALGCulatesi gt DELTamarker lt msMRER coccion 138 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarkerem gt STATel ooonnnnccnnncccccononononnononanannnncn aiiin 138 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACE cccccsscccesccceceecceesesceseseceecaaceeesuseetaneceesaneeeaues 138 CAL Culatesn gt DEL Tamat ker aM o iaces a a diia EE 139 CAL Gulate mns DELTatriarker Im T uu ior eruere ted verd eee deed reed e reden veces rud 139 CALCulate n DELTamarker AOFF This command turns all delta markers off Example CALC DELT AOFF Turns all delta markers off Using Markers Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MREF lt Reference gt This command selects a reference marker for a delta marker other than marker 1 The reference
166. the input source You can access the Radio Frequency dialog box with the Input Source Config soft key gt In Output menu and button gt Frontend dialog box Note that the Radio Frequency On Off button is unavailable in the R amp S FSW K40 ioo e EN 48 Juego IC 48 Coupling Selects the coupling method at the RF input AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal DC coupling lets DC voltage through For more information refer to the data sheet Remote command INPut COUPling on page 94 Input Connector Selects the input source The Phase Noise application supports the following input sources e RF Input e Analog Baseband Input 5 7 2 5 8 Automatic Measurement Configuration The Baseband Input I requires option R amp S FSW B71 Remote command INPut CONNector on page 140 External Mixer Configuration The External Mixer dialog box contains functionality to configure an external mixer R amp S FSW B21 Please refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSW for a detailed description on how to configure the external mixer Automatic Measurement Configuration The Auto Set menu contains all functionality necessary to determine measurement parameters automatically You can access the Auto Set menu with the AUTO SET key Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically Auto All sssssss 49 Adjusting th
167. the other repeatedly regardless of the channel s sweep mode in the same order until the Sequencer is stopped CDEFined First a single sequence is performed Then only those channels in continuous sweep mode INIT CONT ON are repeated RST CONTinuous Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements SENSe SWEep COUNt lt SweepCount gt This command defines the number of sweeps that the application uses to average traces In case of continuous sweeps the application calculates the moving average over the average count In case of single sweep measurements the application stops the measurement and calculates the average after the average count has been reached Parameters lt SweepCount gt Example Usage Manual operation Performing Measurements If you set a sweep count of 0 or 1 the R amp S FSW performs one single sweep Range 0 to 200000 RST 200 SWE COUN 64 Sets the number of sweeps to 64 INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for its end SCPI confirmed See Sweep Average Count on page 47 SENSe SWEep FHDecade This command stops the measurement in the current half decade and continues meas uring in the subsequent half decade Example Usage Manual operation SWE
168. tible to phase noise measurements New Edit Copy To Select Limit Line All three buttons open the Edit Limit Line dialog box to create or edit limit lines When you use the New button the dialog box contains no data Using Limit Lines When you use the Edit button the dialog box contains the data of the previously selected limit line When you use the Copy To button the dialog box also contains a copy the data of the previously selected limit line Remote command New CALCulate LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 109 Copy CALCulate LIMit k COPY on page 109 Delete Select Limit Line Deletes the selected limit line Remote command CALCulate LIMit k DELete on page 109 Disable All Lines Select Limit Line Turns all active limit lines off 6 3 3 Creating and Editing Standard Limit Lines EGILL ENG ana 63 i ooo eee eee mM EU mE IE E 64 a 64 o7 o t 64 2s 64 L Data POints ccccccceccecscceccsseccsccsesscesceccsesscacssesceacsacsecacsecaesaesceacsacsacanesseeacees 65 Linsen UA s er eroi areis e reped tes Decide bi dread edt 65 L Delete Value ertet tnb ete oc ttt ep nbn kde o Raab 65 2 505 MEC 65 04 MCCC N A H ea 65 A R 65 Edit Limit Line The Edit Limit Line dialog box contains functionality to describe the shape of a limit line Because l
169. tion in the diagram A delta marker indicates the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker by default marker 1 In addition special functions can be assigned to the individual markers The availability of special marker functions depends on whether the measurement is performed in the frequency or time domain 4 11 2 Activating Markers Only active markers are displayed in the diagram and in the marker table Active mark ers are indicated by a highlighted softkey By default marker 1 is active and positioned on the maximum value peak of trace 1 as a normal marker If several traces are displayed the marker is set to the maximum value of the trace which has the lowest number and is not frozen View mode The next marker to be activated is set to the frequency of the next lower level next peak as a delta marker its value is indicated as an offset to marker 1 A marker can only be activated when at least one trace in the corresponding window is visible If a trace is switched off the corresponding markers and marker functions are also deactivated If the trace is switched on again the markers along with coupled functions are restored to their original positions provided the markers have not been used on another trace Configuration Overview 9 Configuration Phase noise measurements require a special application on the R amp S FSW which you activate using the MODE key on the front panel O When you act
170. tions of the keywords The short form is emphasized in upper case letters Note however that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual For the instrument the case does not matter Example SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as SENS FREQ CENT 8 2 3 Numeric Suffixes Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instances of an object In that case the suffix selects a particular instance e g a mea surement window Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets lt n gt next to the keyword If you don t quote a suffix for keywords that support one a 1 is assumed Example DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea surement window selected by the suffix at WINDow DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON refers to window 4 Introduction 8 2 4 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compli ance You can include them in the header or not Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword Otherwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer
171. trum MONRIEQOFE c eaaet A db A eg ce dd d n 19 Frequency a bj T TENES 20 Frequency and Level Stability ooo 21 Reference MeasureMenNt oooccoconononcoconacnnononononononononnononononononononananannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnaneneninnnns 21 Phase Noise Diagram The phase noise diagram shows the power level of the phase noise over a variable fre quency offset from the carrier frequency Measurement range The unit of both axes in the diagram is fix The x axis always shows the offset frequen cies in relation to the carrier frequency on a logarithmic scale in Hz It always has a logarithmic scale to make sure of a equal representation of offsets near and far away from the carrier The range of offsets that the x axis shows is variable and depends on the measurement range you have defined and the scope of the x axis that you have set For more information on the measurement range see chapter 4 3 Phase Noise Mea surement Range on page 24 If the measurement range you have set is necessary but you need a better resolution of the results you can limit the displayed result by changing the x axis scope The Scope works like a zoom to get a better view of the trace at various points It does not start a new measurement or alter the current measurements results in any way The y axis always shows the phase noise power level contained in a 1 Hz bandwidth in relation to the level of the carrier The unit for this infor
172. ueries the result of a limit check To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps See also INITiate CONTinuous on page 82 Return values lt Result gt 0 PASS 1 FAIL Example INIT WAI Starts a new sweep and waits for its end CALC LIM3 FAIL Queries the result of the check for limit line 3 Usage Query only SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Check Traces on page 62 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt NAME lt Name gt This command selects a limit line that already exists or defines a name for a new limit line Using Limit Lines Parameters lt Name gt String containing the limit line name RST REM1 to REM8 for lines 1 to 8 Manual operation See New Edit Copy To on page 62 See Name on page 64 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe State This command turns a lower limit line on and off Before you can use the command you have to select a limit line with CALCulate LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 109 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Visible on page 62 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt STATe State This command turns the limit check for a specific limit line on and off To query the limit check result use CALCulate LIMit k FAIL Note that a new command exists to activate the limit check and define the
173. ui te HER exon iac iot reat ape Ra exar ean eR Rue anu 87 LAYout CATalog WINDGOW oia ont ten is irre rupe c on uan eade a puce cH ha gv aded nup 88 LAY out IDEN WIBNDONW ori utut A o ec rena rece 89 LAYO REMOVE WINDOW e EUR 89 LAYOUREPLACe WINDOW perainen aranean ianiai iadaaa ii nn 89 EAYVOURS PLTECIE UM 90 LAYOUtAWINDOW SAS ADD cosa ai 91 LAY out WINDOW Ae IDEN oir 92 LAYout WINDow n REMowve cessisse nnnnnnn neret itti tnt senes nnne n enses nnns 92 LAYoutWINDOow sn eREPLaC 1 2 rue icr iia 92 DISPlay MTABle lt DisplayMode gt This command turns the marker table on and off Parameters lt DisplayMode gt ON Turns the marker table on OFF Turns the marker table off AUTO Turns the marker table on if 3 or more markers are active RST AUTO Example DISP MTAB ON Activates the marker table Manual operation See Marker Table Display on page 68 Controlling the Screen Layout and Result Displays DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect This command sets the focus on the selected result display window This window is then the active window Example DISP WIND1 SEL Sets the window 1 active Usage Setting only DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SIZE Size This command maximizes the size of the selected result display window temporarily To change the size of several windows on the screen permanently use the LAY SPL command see LAYout SPLitter on page 90 Parameters Size
174. ult configuration The default configuration defines most settings automatically If you need any custom configuration define them after entering the Phase Noise application Layout the display as required via the SmartGrid Open the Overview dialog box to configure the measurement Configure the frontend frequency level etc via the Frontend dialog box Define the measurement range via the Phase Noise dialog box Turn on frequency and level tracking via the Control dialog box Run a single sweep Turn on a marker and read out the results Read out the residual noise over the measurement range Customize a residual noise range and read out the results Freeze trace 1 and 2 trace mode View Turn on trace 3 and 4 trace mode Clear Write Switch the measurement mode to IQ FFT in the Phase Noise dialog box Repeat the measurement Customizing the Measurement Range The application provides several ways to customize Each method features a different level of details you can define 1 2 Open the Phase Noise configuration via the Overview dialog box or the Meas Config softkey menu Define the frequency offset range you d like to measure in the corresponding fields Customizing the Measurement Range 3 Select the Sweep Type a Select sweep types Fast Normal or Averaged for automatic measurement configuration For a custom configuration proceed to set up each measurement parameter se
175. up to five customized offsets frequen cies that you want to know the phase noise for If you want to use more custom offsets you can add another spot noise table The User label indicates a custom offset frequency Shows the offset frequency the spot noise is evaluated for You may add any offset that is part of the measurement range The number in brackets T lt x gt indicates the trace the result refers to Shows the phase noise for the corresponding offset frequency The number in brackets T lt x gt indicates the trace the result refers to Querying spot noise results on 10 offset frequencies CALCulate n SNOise DECades X on page 129 CALCulate n SNOise DECades Y on page 129 Querying custom spot noise results CALCulate lt n gt SNOise lt m gt Y on page 131 Spur List Spurs are peak levels at one or more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by interfering signals The application shows the location of all detected spurs in a table 4 Spur List No Jitter lom Jitter The table consists of a variable number of rows For each detected spur the table shows several results Number Offset Frequency Power Jitter Shows the spur number Spurs are sorted by their frequency beginning with the spur with the lowest frequency Shows the position offset frequency of the spur Shows the power level of the spur in dBc Shows the jitter value of the spur in s In addition to the jitter for eac
176. ured Values tette tet a et tg bug ee d eee 132 e Reading Out the Sweep Result List neis 133 Configuring Residual Noise Measurements CALOCulate n EVALuation STARt esses enne entr trennt rta nn reri hh nnne nns 124 CALCulate n EVALuation S TATe 2 eniro ter dedu a cc a adn caua 124 GAL Culate ne EVALuallonrS TOD rete teo Monac eh in eee iid 125 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt STARticcococcccoconocnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnconono non 125 CALOCulate n EVALuation USER range STOP sss ener 125 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation USER lt range gt TRAC6 oooocococcccncnnocncocnnnnononnnononco nono no nana 126 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STARt lt OffsetFrequency gt This command defines the start point of the residual noise integration range Before you can use the command you have to turn off the measurement range inte gration with CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STATe on page 124 Parameters lt OffsetFrequency gt The minimum offset is 1 Hz The maximum offset depends on the hardware you are using RST 1 kHz Example CALC EVAL STAR 1 kHz Defines an start point of 1 kHz for the residual noise range Manual operation See Meas Range on page 57 CALCulate lt n gt EVALuation STATe lt State gt This command turn integration of the measurement range for residual noise calculation on and off Configure Numerical Result Displays Pa
177. us reg isters and in the error queue You can query the status register and error queue via IEC bus The R amp S FSW K40 features several status registers that are specific to phase noise measurements Here is a description of those including the corresponding remote commands e Status Registers for Phase Noise Measurement cc cccccsessssccssssssteesesssseeeess 142 Status Registers for Phase Noise Measurements The figure below shows the status registers of the phase noise application Using the Status Register amp loge AND 15 notusec motused O ogor n ofalibEs 13 one E rfor oan a 10 e 8 s 5 B NMEASurng 2 VERY signal taleo SRG SIGNal not found I o No traces actwe STATus OPERs ton He hs ot tused oo p is L NOE LO 2 SRE sTB i j 9 wt 8 CALIration UNCAL a 5 3 Power 2 2 F Ovesoas 1 1 UNDemad o OVEROad PPE STATUS QUE tionabie STA Tus QUE Stonabie LU Mit lt n gt TATus QUES tons bis POVIBr isTtag Fig 8 2 Status registers for phase noise measurements The R amp S FSW structures the information hierarchically with the Status Byte register STB and the Service Request Enable mask register SRE being on the highest level The STB gets its information from the standard Event Status Register ESR and the Event Status Enable mask register ESE The STB and ESR are both defined by IEEE 488 2 In addition to the ESR the STB also gets inf
178. value in dB relative to the nominal level RST 10 dB Example POW RLEV TOL 5 Defines a level tolerance of 5 dB Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Verify Level on page 41 SENSe POWer RLEVel VERify STATe lt State gt This command turns level verification on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example POW RLEV VER ON Turns on level verification Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Verify Level on page 41 SENSe POWer TRACk State This command turns level tracking on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example POW TRAC ON Turns on level tracking Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Level Tracking on page 42 SENSe REJect AM lt State gt This command turns the suppression of AM noise on and off Configuring the Measurement Range Parameters lt State gt ON OFF Example REJ AM ON Turns AM noise suppression on Manual operation See AM Rejection on page 42 SENSe SWEep SVFailed lt State gt This command turns repeated tries to start the measurement if signal verification fails on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF If on the application tries to verify the signal once and then aborts the measurement if verification has failed RST OFF Example SWE SVF ON Stops the measurement if signal verification has failed Manual operation See On Verify Failed on page 41 8 8 Configurin
179. vel drift as displayed in the Sweep Result List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Default unit dB Example FETC PNO SWE LDR would return e g 0 84823463324 6 55278904401 1 02393361087 2 10021296216 5 28119567376 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 FETCh PNOise SWEep MDRift This command queries the maximum frequency drift in each half decade Return values lt Frequency gt Frequency drift as displayed in the Sweep Result List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Default unit Hz Example FETC PNO SWE MDR would return e g 2 l17 11 45 105 11 219 37 553 48 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 FETCh PNOise SWEep SRATe This command queries the sampling rate used in each half decade Return values lt SamplingRate gt Sampling rate as displayed in the Sweep Result List The command returns one value for each half decade as a comma separated list Default unit Hz Example FETC PNO SWE SRAT would return e g 25000 75000 250000 750000 2500000 Usage Query only Manual operation See Sweep Result List on page 18 Using Markers 8 12 FETCh PNOise SWEep STARt This command queries the start frequency offset of each half decade Return values lt Frequency gt Frequency offset as displayed in the Sweep R
180. verification and level tracking see the figures in chapter 4 6 Frequency Determination on page 27 Signal Attenuation Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of the signal that you have applied Power reduction is necessary for example to prevent an overload of the input mixer An overload of the input mixer may lead to incorrect measurement results or damage to the hardware if the signal power is too strong In the default state the application automatically determines the attenuation according to the reference level If necessary you can also define the attenuation manually When you attenuate the signal the application adjusts graphical and numerical results accordingly Because the reference level and attenuation are interdependent changing the attenua tion manually may also adjust the reference level RF attenuation RF attenuation is always available It is a combination of mechanical and IF attenua tion The mechanical attenuator is located directly after the RF input of the R amp S FSW Its step size is 5 dB IF attenuation is applied after the signal has been down converted Its step size is 1 dB Thus the step size for RF attenuation as a whole is 1 dB Mechanical attenuation is used whenever possible attenuation levels that are divisible by 5 IF attenuation han dles the 1 dB steps only Example If you set an attenuation level of 18 dB 15 dB are mechanical attenuati
181. with 2 corner frequencies Manual operation See Phase Noise Limit Line on page 60 CALCulate PNLimit FAIL This command queries the limit check results for phase noise limit lines Return values lt LimitCheck gt 1 Limit check has passed 0 Limit check has failed Example CALC PNL FAIL Queries the limit check result Usage Query only CALCulate PNLimit SLOPe lt segment gt lt Slope gt This command defines the slope for a phase noise limit line segment Suffix lt segment gt 1 5 Selects the limit line segment 8 9 2 Using Limit Lines Parameters lt Slope gt Level distance from the left border of the limit line segment to the previous one RST 10 Default unit dB Example CALC PNL SLOP2 20 Defines a slope of 20 dB for the second limit line segment Manual operation See Range x Range y on page 60 Using Standard Limit Lines CALCUlate LIM len ri 108 CALGCulate LIMit CEEar IMMediate 222 coire otiose needs 108 GALOulate LIMIESK GODBY caia oda cento as ei deren ge uoa qux enden d de epe eR ec P Rd eR REN 109 CAL eS LIMI K DELEG Pe 109 CAL CulatecLIMIESKS FAIL uas ct De etat ta eb eene terere ce edd 109 GALEGulateIMItSKSINAME nrnna an Y TENURE vea 109 CAL Culate LIMit lt k gt LOWer STAT ccccssscccescccceesceesseseceescceseagcceeeeseeeseeceseagecsaeeeeeeaaees 110 CAL CulatecLIMIESK STATE 5i e aa one hens ten Aza 110 CAL Gila tes LIMI k gt TRACO Pm 110 GALOul
182. xceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in case of discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases e MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported e DEF Defines the default value e UP DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step The step size depends on the setting In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding command Querying numeric values When you query numeric values the system returns a number In case of physical quantities it applies the basic unit e g Hz in case of frequencies The number of dig its after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value Example Setting SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Query SENSe FREQuency CENTer would return 1E9 In some cases numeric values may be returned as text e INF NINF Infinity or negative infinity Represents the numeric values 9 9E37 or 9 9E37 e NAN Not a number Represents the numeric value 9 91E37 NAN is returned in case of errors Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represen ted by ON or a numeric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Introduction Querying boolean parameters When y

R&S FSW-K40 Phase Noise Measurements

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R&amp;S FSW-K40 Phase Noise Measurements

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R&S FSW-K40 Phase Noise Measurements