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08 - Rescue and Extrication

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1. MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TRENCH COLLAPSE SAFETY PROCEDURES Only rescuers trained in trench rescue should enter a trench Atrench must be safely shored before being entered j Place exit Pets ladders at each T end of the trench TRENCH COLLAPSE SAFETY PROCEDURES Be alert to other possible hazards a Electrical wiring a Water lines Gas lines Toxic or flammable gases Sea Common confined spaces where rescues may be necessary ae lanks vessels 2 Silos Storage bins Utility vaults pits Sewers Cisterns wells Storage tanks 50 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 7 Safety procedures Only rescuers trained in trench rescue should enter a trench A trench must be safely shored before being entered Place exit ladders at each end of the trench Proper protective equipment must be worn by all personnel Tools must be used with caution to avoid injur ing victim or rescuers Be alert to other possible hazards in the trench 1 Electrical wiring 2 Water lines 3 Gas lines 4 Toxic or flammable gases F Confined space rescuers 1 Common confined spaces where rescues may be necessary Tanks vessels Silos grain elevators Storage bins hoppers Utility vaults pits RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TE
2. The presence of other E hazards The number of rescuers required The equipment needed The need for specialized assistance may be available on site The presence of other hazards such as hazard ous materials fire utilities etc If a victim 1s seriously entrapped and in danger of bleeding to death a tourniquet should be applied Rescue and Extrication 55 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES When it is necessary to extricate the victim a A The first priority is to identity how the machinery operates ang The machine may be je mi operated normally to Pr a release the victim if further injury will not result The machine may be disassembled if the machine cannot be disassembled it may be necessary to force the machine if this can be done without causing further injury eer Use caution A when turning has off power amp supplies E Some machines such as punch presses operate in full cycle and may complete the cycle when power is shut off causing further injury Most elevator incidents involve a car stuck between floors due to mechanical or power failure and are not true emergencies An elevator mechanic should be dispatched to scene immediately a Unless there is a medical emergency in the car always establish contact and reassure the occupants that help is coming and wait for elevator mechanic Fire fighters must ne
3. Lighting equipment may be fixed on apparatus or portable Portable lights range from 300 watts to 1 000 watts and may be on telescoping stands Unless specially designed lighting equipment is used lighting equipment must not be used ina flammable or explosive atmosphere Most lighting equipment operates at high temperatures and can cause burns to unpro tected skin Gloves should be worn when changing quartz bulbs as skin oil can cause a bulb to explode when turned on The power of the lighting equipment should not exceed the output of the power plant Cords and connectors Cords and connectors are necessary to supply power to lighting equipment from the power plant RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Cords should be stored in coils or reels and cleaned after use Cords must be insulated waterproof and have no exposed wires Damaged cords should be repaired or replaced Junction boxes may be used when it is necessary to connect multiple lights or tools to a cord Junction boxes should be waterproof with the outlets covered to avoid water or contamina tion by debris ee Maintenance and servicing of portable power plants these procedures are not meant to overrule the manufacturer s guidelines Review manufacturer s service manual for specific instructions Check fluid levels we
4. Porta power tool system Has several tool accessories for a variety of applications Can be used in places too narrow for a hydraulic jack Rescue and Extrication 25 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual b Slower and have limited range compared to powered hydraulic tools Porta power tool system 1 Has several tool accessories for a variety of applications 2 Can be used in places too narrow for a hydraulic jack MANUAL HYDRAULIC TooLs H yd raulic J acks Hydraulic jacks A Designed for lifting Can be used in shoring or A 1 Designed for lifting Stabilization operations Must be used ona flat level surface 2 Can be used in shoring or stabilization May have capacities of up to 20 tons Si i operations 3 Must be used on a flat level surface 4 May have capacities of up to 20 tons NON HYDRAULI JACKS Screw jacks Can be extended or retracted by turning a threaded shaft C Non hydraulic jacks Bar screw jacks Not used for lifting primarily Can be effective for certain purposes but are not as used to hold an object in place A pr De a powerful as hydraulic jacks Trench screw jacks Used to replace wooden cross braces in trench rescues a tld Screw jacks a Can be extended or retracted by turning a threaded shaft Bar screw jacks not u
5. Rescue where victim is stranded floundering or has been submerged for a short time Recovery when victim has been submerged for such a long period that he or she is probably dead a Rescue where victim is stranded floundering or has been submerged for a short time Recovery when victim has been submerged for such a long period that he or she is probably dead lien All personnel should wear oe O appropriate protective equipment a All personnel should wear appropriate protective equipment Fy s Water rescue helmet ai 4 Approved personal flotation a device Water rescue methods REACH extend a long pole to the vietim a Water rescue helmet THROW throw a rope or flotation device with an attached rope to the victim ROW use a boat GO as a last resort swim to the victim b Approved personal flotation device Water rescue methods a REACH extend a long pole to the victim Rescue and Extrication 53 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Place rescuers with rope bags down stream from the victim in case the victim or rescuers break free Ice RESCUES Consider all ice to be an unstable surface the victim in the water proves the ice is weak Thermal protective suits and personal flotation devices are mandatory y before attempting gt any rescue ane et The victim s survival hale depends on how quickly he o
6. compressors or apparatus air brake system compressors Can be supplied by SCBA cylinders compressors or apparatus air brake system compressors AIR CHISELS Also called airor impact hammers Air chisels Operate al pressures x of 90 to 250 psi Also called air hammers or impact hammers E Used for cutting Wy sheet metal and popping rivets and bolts Operate at pressures of 90 to 250 psi Have a variety of tool bits Used for cutting sheet metal and popping rivets and bolts d Have a variety of tool bits Air knife Air Knife Used to blast away dirt qe Operate at 90 to 100 psi a Used to blast away dirt Air Vacuum E ee Operate like an air knife but at less r pressure y Can be used to vacuum loose soll LR from around a buried victim in a ora trench collapse b Operate at 90 to 100 psi 28 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 5 Air vacuum a Operate like an air knife but at less pressure b Can be used to vacuum loose soil from around a buried victim in a trench collapse 6 Pneumatic cut off tool whizzer saw PNEUMATIC CUT OFF TOOL WHIZZER Saw Much more maneuverable than larger circular saws Much more maneuverable than larger circular Saws Carbon blades can cut case hardened locks and steel
7. All three methods must be demonstrated Skill Procedure The evaluator shall choose someone within the weight guidelines to simulate an unconscious patient The evaluator should then find another person to assist the candidate with the two person carry The candidate shall give all orders and directions when moving the patient Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Students are allowed to miss a maximum of two of the following steps and pass this skill Items to be checked If the candidate Extremities Carry 1 Stands at the patient s head and directs the other rescuer to patient s feet 2 Slips his arms under the victim s arms and around the chest grasping the wrists 3 Directs the other rescuer to kneel between the patient s legs and grasp under the knees 4 Stands with other rescuer and carries the patient a minimum of 20 feet Drag 1 Kneels at the patient s head and grasps the patient s clothing near the shoulders 2 Supports the patient s head between his her arms 3 Drags the patient a minimum of 20 feet Blanket Drag 1 Places a bunker coat or blanket beside the face up victim and gathers one edge close to the victim s side Rolls the victim towards him her gathers the coat or blanket underneath and rolls the victim back onto the coat or blanket Grasps the coat or blanket on each side of the victim s head and shoulders and lifts off the floor and drags the victi
8. 30 000 psi of force at the tips 3 May have an opening spread of about 7 inches COMBINATION SPREADER SHEARS d Combination spreader shears 4 Has spreader tips on the y arms with cutting shears onthe inside edges vt Typically have less N capabilities than the po individual units fr 1 Has spreader tips on the arms with cutting shears on the inside edges Good for a small rapid intervention vehicle 2 Typically have less capabilities than the individual units 3 Good for a small rapid intervention ve hicle EXTENSION RAMS Designed primarily for straight pushing operations e Extension rams Useful when pushing objects farther than the maximum opening of hydraulic spreaders ray 1 Designed primarily for straight pushing operations Come in a variety of lengths re The site to be used depends gt on the opening on which if ts to be placed eat e fi EA 2 Useful when pushing objects farther than the maximum opening of hydraulic spreaders 3 Come in a variety of lengths a The size to be used depends on the opening on which it is to be placed b Some of the larger rams can extend up to over 60 inches MANUAL HYDRAULIC TOOLS Hydraulic fluid is pumped manually through hoses i 3 Manual hydraulic tools Slower and have limited range compared to po wide powered hydraulic tools a Hydraulic fluid is pumped manually through hoses
9. Continually place cribbing under the load in case of bag failure 9 Never stack bags more than two high with the smaller bag on top 10 Inflate the bottom bag first Rescue and Extrication 31 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 5 Block and tackle systems Block and Tackle Systems Useful for lifting heavy loads because of the mechanical advantage of converting pull into greater working force a Useful for lifting heavy loads because of the mechanical advantage of converting pull into greater working force Consists of two or more parts Block wood or metal frame contaming one or more pulleys Tackle assembly of ropes and blocks that the line passes through to multiply the pulling force Consists of two or more parts 1 Block wood or metal frame containing one or more pulleys 2 Tackle assembly of ropes and blocks that the line passes through to multiply the pulling force Block and Tackle Safety S afety pr ocedur es Bo sure rope is right size for the weight being lifted Use a steady pull on the rope 1 Be sure rope is right size for the weight being lifted Pull in a direct line A not to an angle Be sure the supports holding the block will support the load 2 Use a steady pull on the rope Stand in a safe position in case the tackle or
10. SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Control breathing to conserve air Try to retrace your steps to the original location Try to find an exit from the area on fire Activate the PASS device Radio a MAYDAY report if trapped or lost If a hose can be located try to find a set of couplings 1 The female coupling is toward the nozzle and the male toward the water supply 2 The male coupling has lugs the female does not 3 Moving in the direction from the male coupling will lead to the outside Stay close to walls Always try to retreat down to ground 1 Always try to retreat down to ground floor or S lf unable to retreat downward go to a room with an exterior window and close the room s door j If unable to retreat downward go to a room Open the window and F E macarra ol with an exterior window and close the room s Drop articles of u Ty olarak to draw i z im A ae do Or Do not remove any A ta protective clolhing or if SCBA to drop for attention arm E 1 Open the window and straddle the window sill and call for help Drop articles of furnishings such as lamps chairs etc to draw attention Do not remove any protective clothing or SCBA to drop for attention 14 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES T
11. SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 3 The front posts must then be cut and the roof folded back Relief notches are cut at the base of both A posts as close to the rocker panels as possible Relief notches are cut at the base of both A posts as close to the rocker panels as possible placed in the door frame against the ha rocker panel with the extension post above the relief cut Using hydraulic ram As the ram extends the lee dashboard _ is pushed AS up and Se away from the front seat area The ram is placed in the door frame against the rocker panel with the extension post above the relief cut As the ram is extended the dashboard is pushed up and away from the front seat area A hydraulic spreader can also be used to push the am dashboard A hydraulic spreader can also be used to push the dashboard upward and away from the front seat Cribbing can be inserted into the cuts to keep the dash from settling Personnel must YA be aware that the ny te bottom edge of re Personnel must be aware that the bottom edge of the vehicle will be pushed downward during this operation and should remain out of this area pa the vehicle will be pushed downward during this operation and f should remain 3 out of this area VI Technical Rescue Situations Essentials p 361 Fire fighters should be able to identify technical rescue
12. accessed 1 More seriously injured victims should be treated and removed first Treatment should begin simultancoushy with preparations for victim removal 2 Other victims may have to be removed before the more serious patients can be accessed Treatment should begin simultaneously with preparations for victim removal C Stabilizing the vehicle stabilization is lt needed to prevent Y further injury to victims and injuries e to rescuers Stabilization is needed to prevent further injury to victims and injuries to rescuers Se gt Proper support must be provided between the vehicle and the ground or other solid anchor points Proper support must be provided between the vehicle and the ground or other solid anchor points The purpose is to TE maximize the contact between the vehicle and the ground to prevent vehicle movement ee Rescuers must poy never push or Y shake a vehicle to test its stability The purpose is to maximize the contact between the vehicle and the ground to prevent vehicle movement Rescuers must never push or shake a vehicle to test its stability Stabilization is required for upright vehicles to prevent horizontal movement Pye Stabilization is T required for upright SA vehicles to prevent F horizontal movement a maag Chock the vehicle s wheels Chock the vehicle s wheels with wheel chocks or cribbing Shut off the vehicle s engine Set the vehicle s
13. assessed in detail Rescuers should N entire scene must be assessed in detail circle each involved vehicle to determine o The vehicle s condition O Any required extrication ms onto Rescuers should circle each involved vehicle to Number of victims determine 1 The vehicle s condition 2 Any required extrication 3 Any hazardous conditions 4 The number of victims Vehicle conditions should be reported to the incident commander EVALUATE THE NEED FOR EXTRICATION The arta around the scene must be examined to BIHE de The area around the 1 CAN Foco must a determine examined to OS determine Any vehicles not readily apparent 1 Any vehicles not readily apparent over an victims who hive buen tere embankment clear _ S Damage to utility services 2 Any victims who have been thrown clear of the vehicles 3 Damage to utility services 34 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Trained personnel should assess the conditions of victims and possible entrapments e Trained personnel should assess the conditions of victims and possible entrapments More seriously injured victima should be treated and removed first O Other victims may Mi have to be removed before the more A i serious patients can a ie be
14. condi tions must be immediately reported to Command All doors should be checked for heat before opening All doors should be checked for heat before open ing Stay low and to one side when opening doors a a Stay low and to one side when opening doors swinging doors stay on the hinge side so the door can provide some protection b With outward swinging doors stay on the hinge side so the door can provide some protection J Trapped fire fighters Fire fighters may become trapped or disoriented Structural collapse Leaving a hose or search rope Doors closing behind them Proper accountability backup teams and rapid intervention teams must be in JA place 1 Fire fighters may become trapped or disoriented Structural collapse Leaving a hose or search rope Doors closing behind them Proper accountability backup teams and rapid intervention teams must be in place df Make every effort to remain calm and think i A mM Control breathing to A conserve air Y Y r s gt a Try t br iii iF TRAPPED on DISOMENTED stad A If trapped or disoriented F Try to find an exit from the area on fire Activate the PASS dovico F Radio a MAYDAY report a hose can be located try to find a set of couplings a Make every effort to remain calm and think F Stay close to walls Rescue and Extrication 13 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE
15. emergency brake and place the transmission in park Do not rely on the vehicle s mechanical systems as the only stabilization source Shut off the vehicle s engine Set the vehicle s emergency brake and place the transmission in park Rescue and Extrication 35 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES PREVENTING VERTICAL MOVEMENT ma y Jacks Can be adjusted to the required height Can be time consuming Air bags can be PA positioned on Eu each side of the vehicle PREVENTING VERTICAL MOVEMENT Cribbing ET Builtinabox formation with wedges for solid contact with the vehicle a Step blocks can be used for rapid stabilization Rescuers must avoid placing any parts of their bodies under the vehicle when placing _ Stabilization Stabilization also requires FM shutting down Eas the vehicle s electrical system di Before shutting down the power lower power windows unlock doors and move seats back Eliminates an ignition source Eliminates power to the restraint systems 36 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual d Do not rely on the vehicle s mechanical sys tems as the only stabilization source 6 Preventing vertical movement Jacks 1 Can be adjusted to the required height 2 Can be time consuming Air bags can be positioned on each side of the
16. gt Often used in delicate cutting operations such as removing rings or removing fingers trapped in pipes Operates at around 20 000 rpm Carbon blades can cut case hardened locks and steel Often used in delicate cutting operations such as removing rings or cutting pipes to remove trapped fingers G Lifting and pulling tools Rescue TRIPODS 1 Rescue tripods Used for an anchor point above a utility cover or other opening a Used for an anchor point above a utility cover or other opening Allow rescuers to be safely lowered into confined spaces and victims to be raised out of them Allow rescuers to be safely lowered into con fined spaces and victims to be raised out of them 2 Winches WINCHES Usually mounted on vehicles for quick deployment Usually mounted on vehicles for quick deploy ment Should have a handheld remote control to allow the operator to stand away from the winchin case the cable breaks Personnel should be farther away from the winch than the length of cable being used Winch drives maybe electric hydraulic or power take off Rescue and Extrication 29 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual c Should have a handheld remote control to allow the operator to stand away from the winch in case the cable breaks Whenever possible p
17. has been located and is being removed The need to exit a hostile environment may override the need to stabilize injuries Check the downed fire fighter s vital signs If the fire fighter is trapped or injured call for assistance Attempt to control any safety threats while waiting for help m Help an uninjured fire fighter to safety RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual II Removing Victims Essentials p 327 A If a victim has no injuries or minor injuries he or she RITI may only need help to walk to safety Injured victims should not be moved before treatment unless there is Injured victims should not be moved before treatment unless there is immediate danger anal 1 A ie at e immediate danger Pion m ro The need to exit quickly with a victim may override the need to stabilize injuries The need to exit quickly with a victim may override the need to stabilize injuries Fire progression Hazardous materials Victim s medical condition Fire progression gt To gain access to other victims itis not possible to protect the accident scene Hazardous materials Victim s medical condition To gain access to other victims It is not possible to protect the accident scene In an emergency move attempt to pull victims 2 in the di
18. methods to determine if an area is tenable primary and secondary search techniques team members roles and goals methods to use and indicators of finding victims victim removal methods including various carries and considerations related to respiratory protection B Requisite Skills The ability to use SCBA to exit through restricted passages set up and use different types of ladders for various types of rescue operations rescue a fire fighter with functioning respiratory protection rescue a fire fighter whose respiratory protection is not functioning rescue a person who has no respiratory protection and assess areas to determine tenability 5 3 17 Illuminate the emergency scene given fire service electrical equipment and an assignment so that designated areas are illuminated and all equipment is operated within the manufacturer s listed safety precautions A Requisite Knowledge Safety principles and practices power supply capacity and limitations and light deployment methods B Requisite Skills The ability to operate department power supply and lighting equipment deploy cords and connectors reset ground fault interrupter GFI devices and locate lights for best effect 2 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II NFPA STANDARDS Fire Fighter II Standard 6 4 1 Extricate a victim entrapped in a motor vehicle as part of a team given st
19. result in failure of the skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 Wears appropriate safety equipment 2 Properly identifies and retrieves various types of rescue tools 3 Positions cribbing and shoring material properly 4 Inserts a prying tool such as a hooligan into the crack at the handle side or hinge side of the door Uses the prying tool widen the crack to a point where the spreader tips can be inserted On the handle side inserts the spreaders into the crack above the locked mechanism and operates to spread the door away from the locking pin OR On the hinge side inserts the spreaders above the top hinge and operates to break the hinge and then the bottom hinge Takes precautions for the door to spring violently away from the frame when opened 9 Works effectively as part of the rescue team Rescue and Extrication 69 MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 6 4 1 Vehicle Extrication Roof Removal Skill Objective The candidate working as part of a team shall demonstrate the use of the appropriate rescue tools to remove a vehicle roof which may be required to extricate an en trapped victim of a motor vehicle accident by removing a vehicle roof Although this skill involves a team each candidate must demonstrate each of the listed evolutions individually Skill Procedure The evaluator shall provide a vehicle f
20. safety can be reasonably ensured a 1 Unnecessary personnel and heavy equipment must be moved away from trench edge Heavy equipment should not be used for digging unless the S exact location of the victim is known TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual gt E Trench collapse Can occur whenever excavation is going on in any jurisdiction Rescuers can be killed in a trench collapse because they failed to stabilize the trench before entering The first decision on a trench collapse is whether to consider it a rescue or body recov ery Some departments have a rule of thumb that if the victim is not visible it is a body recovery operation Most common problem is victim s reduced ability to breathe and the first priority must be to uncover victim s head and chest and supply additional air a Air hose or smoke ejector may be used to introduce additional air into area b Oxygen equipment may be used on the victim Personnel must not be sent into trench unless trained and their safety can be reasonably ensured Unnecessary personnel and heavy equipment should be moved away from trench edge to avoid a secondary collapse Heavy equipment should not be used for digging unless the exact location of the victim is known A constant flow of air must be directed into the trench to avoid the rescuers being overcome Rescue and Extrication 49 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION
21. smoothly as possible with a minimum of jostling G Removal of glass Vehicle glass may 7 have to be removed 4 for patient access and to prevent injuries 1 Vehicle glass may have to be removed for patient access and to prevent injuries Rescuers must pe wear full protective O equipment and eye E protection Vehicle occupants MA i must also be protected a Rescuers must wear full protective equipment and eye protection b Vehicle occupants must also be protected SAFETY LAMINATED GLASS Safety laminated glass Formed from two sheets of glass bonded to a sheet of plastic between them Formed from two sheets of glass bonded to a sheet of plastic between them Found in windshields and some rear windows When broken the glass stays attached to the laminate and moves as a unit x In some newer vehicles the A Windshield sores as AS structural component and removal can weaken tho vehicle Found in windshields and some rear windows When broken the glass stays attached to the laminate and moves as a unit In some newer vehicles the windshield serves as structural component and removal can weaken the vehicle 1 Some departments are no longer removing windshields 2 If possible leave the windshield intact 40 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT inc
22. support fails 3 Pull in a direct line not to an angle 4 Be sure the supports holding the block will support the load 5 Stand in a safe position in case the tackle or support fails V Vehicle Extrication Essentials p 346 The majority of rescue incidents gt A The majority of rescue incidents involve vehicle extri involve vehicle extrications cations Proper extrication is vital to prevent further injury and cialis TOMOVA 1 Proper extrication is vital to prevent further Any extrication should be a ee coondutatad arcano injury and speed a victim s removal medical personnel who are providing care to the victim 32 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 2 Any extrication should be coordinated with emer gency medical personnel who are providing care to the victim era fp B Scene size up Scene safety must be the first i consideration before MA starting any HN 1 Scene safety must be the first consideration before starting any operations Size up begins with the dispatch and continues throughout the 2 Size up begins with the dispatch and continues nciden throughout the incident a Proper apparatus positioning PROPER APPARATUS POSITIONING in a location which _ does not interfere gt with on scene Ao activit
23. the remaining wall 2 Can create habitable voids under the sup ported ends RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 3 Most vulnerable to secondary collapse Locating hidden victims in a sirectural collapse Locating hidden victims in a structural collapse Calling out and listening fora __ response Using seismic or short distance radar dovices to i Pe detect vibrations from victims Pq Calling out and listening for a response Using enhanced acoustic listening devices Using search cameras Using thenmal imaging devices Using seismic or short distance radar devices to detect vibrations from victims Using search dogs Using enhanced acoustic listening devices Using search cameras Using thermal imaging devices Using search dogs COLLAPSE HAZARDS Hazards in collapses Environmental hazards Damaged utilities Hazardous materials contamination a Environmental hazards ho Temperature extremes Fire Physical hazards Secondary collapse Working in unstable debris Working in confined spaces Working around wiring and rebar 1 Damaged utilities 2 Hazardous materials contamination 3 Temperature extremes 4 Fire Physical hazards 1 Secondary collapse 2 Working in unstable debris 3 Working in confined spaces 4 Wo
24. tools and lighting equipment given tools and manufacturers instructions so that equipment is clean and maintained according to manufacturer and departmental guidelines maintenance is recorded and equipment is placed in a ready state or reported otherwise A Requisite Knowledge Types of cleaning methods correct use of cleaning solvents manufacturer and departmental guidelines for maintaining equipment and its documentation and problem reporting practices B Requisite Skills The ability to select correct tools follow guidelines complete recording and reporting procedures and operate power plants power tools and lighting equipment Rescue and Extrication 3 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual With life safety I Rescue FA as the first and E most important tactical priority rescue is the primary responsibility of any fire department gt A With life safety as the first and most important tactical priority rescue is the primary responsibility of any fire department The very term rescue implies that the victims cannot remove themselves from danger Rescue implies that the victims cannot remove themselves from danger Fire fighters must be prepared for any rescue or extrication situation to which they might respond Fire fighters must be prepared
25. victims Fire fighters should report the fire extent and location while searching for victims If possible fire attack should be started with interior search operations to increase the safety of searchers and victima If possible fire attack should be started with inte rior search operations a Increasing the safety of searchers and victims b Fire control may be needed to begin a search Primary search PRIMARY SEARCH D First search of an area doneina quick and systematic fashion 1 First search of an area done in a quick and sys tematic fashion Conducted as ias as possible if there is a chance a structure is A occupied so it maybe carried out in Conducted as soon as possible if there is a chance a severe conditions A i structure 1s occupied so 1t maybe carried out in severe conditions Performed before or during suppression Search areas where victims are most likely Search areas where victims are most likely to be Always work in teams Full protective clothing including SCBA required Always work in teams of two or more buddy system Take a forcible entry tool and flashlight along on search Rescue and Extrication 7 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES if available take a thermal imaging camera on the Some departments require the search team to take a rope or tagline along in the hazard zone Search
26. ACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual e Sewers f Cisterns wells Fire fighters without specific confined space rescue training should perform only non entry rescues and serve only in support functions g Storage tanks Fire fighters without specific confined space rescue training should perform only non entry rescues and serve only in support functions J conemeo space Hazaros Confined space hazards a Oxygen deficiencies a Flammable gasestvapors a Toxic gases o Extreme temperatures o Explosive dusts Limited means of egress j Cave ins or unstable supports gt a Standing water 9 Utility hazards Oxygen deficiencies Flammable gases and vapors Toxic gases Extreme temperatures Explosive dusts Limited means of entry and egress Cave ins or unstable supports Standing water Utility hazards The command post and staging must be located outside of the hot zone Air monitoring and accountability are vital to the operation Air monitoring and accountability are vital to the gs operation Anyone entering a confined space must have a A lifeline attached S to his or her harness Anyone entering a confined space must have a lifeline attached to his or her harness Rescue and Extrication 51 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TUNNELS AND CAVES Rescue requires very specially trained cav
27. CATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual c Low and medium pressure bags Low and Medium Pressure Bags Larger than high pressure bags and used to lift or stabilize large vehicles or objects Have greater lifting distance than high pressure bags w jig pi 0 1 Larger than high pressure bags and used to lift or stabilize large vehicles or objects 2 Have greater lifting distance than high pressure bags AIR BAG GUIDELINES d Air bag guidelines Plan any lifting operation before starting Operators must be familiar with the l Plan any lifting operation before start ng equipment and its limitations Han d te ai ly and sat A aia EA 2 Operators must be familiar with the equip ment and its limitations Position bags against a solid surface Never inflate against sharp objects 3 Have an adequate air supply and adequate cribbing before beginning 4 Position bags against a solid surface 5 Never inflate against sharp objects AIR BAG GUIDELINES 6 Inflate slowly and watch for any shifting Inflate slowly and watch for any shifting Never work under a load supported only by air bags 7 Never work under a load supported only by air bags Continually place cribbing under the load Never stack bags more than two high with the smaller bag on top Inflate the bottom bag first 8
28. EACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual If conditions on an upper level will not allow a fire fighter to wait for help k If conditions on an upper level will not allow a fire fighter to wait for help if you have a rescue rope tie it around a heavy piece of furniture or solid object before lowering yourself 1 If you have a rescue rope tie it around a heavy piece of furniture or solid object before lowering yourself From a second story window remove SCBA and hang from the windowsill by your hands to minimize the distance to drop 2 From a second story window remove SCBA and hang from the windowsill by your hands to minimize the distance to drop If unable to reach a door or window breaching an interior wall may lead to an exit route If unable to reach a door or window breaching an interior wall may lead to an exit route First feel the wall for heat and if cool continue 1 First feel the wall for heat and if cool continue The sheetrock will have to be removed on both sides of a wall stud and the stud removed to create an opening large enough to pass through 2 The sheetrock will have to be removed on both sides of a wall stud and the stud removed to create an opening large enough to pass through A rapid intervention crew RIC is composed of at least two fire fighters fully By equipped to rescuea amp fire fighter in distress K Rapid inte
29. Mostare powered i at hydraulic tools indispensable in many rescue situa ore by gasoline engines E or electric motors E l aN tion May be portable or mounted to apparatus with hose reels for amp high pressure hoses Powered hydraulic tools Receive power from hydraulic fluid pumped by a motor through high pressure hoses 1 Most are powered by gasoline engines or electric motors 2 May be portable or mounted to apparatus with hose reels for high pressure hoses 4 MSN Spreaders Jaws FA SPREADERS abs Jaws ea 1 First type of powered hydraulic tools in the First type of powered hydraulic tools 7 Nu in the fire service fire Service i Capable of pushing or pulling Some can produce up to 22 000 psi of force Tips may spread up to 32 inches apart depending 2 Capable of pushing Or pulling on the teal 3 Some can produce up to 22 000 psi of force at the tips 4 Tips may spread up to 32 inches apart Bil depending on the tool SHEARS OR CUTTERS Shears or cutters Capable of cutting almost any metal object Some can produce up to 30 000 psi of force at the tips 1 Capable of cutting almost any metal q May have an opening object spread of about f inches 24 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 2 Some can produce up to
30. OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Fire fighters assisting specialized rescue teams should l First confirm the order and instructions to assist the rescue team Gather the required tools and equipment as directed Provide the assistance as requested Maintain situational awareness Not work outside of their level of training or they risk injuring themselves and others Report to their officer when the assignment is completed Structural collapse rescue l Building collapse may result from fire weather earthquake or age of structure Rescuers should always consider the possibility of secondary collapse of a weakened structure Victims on the surface and lightly trapped should be rescued first Rescue of heavily trapped victims should be left to specially trained and equipped personnel Categories of collapse a Pancake collapse 1 Can occur when opposing exterior walls fail causing the roof and floors to collapse on top of each other Rescue and Extrication 45 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES COLLAPSE CATEGORIES V TrPE COLLAPSE y Caused when remain intact and the walls or A roof fail in the middie May create habitable voids on both sides of the collapse COLLAPSE CATEGORIES LEAN TO COLLAPSE Occurs when one outer a wall fails and the ne
31. S TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual gt G Searching multistory buildings SEARCHING MULTISTORY BUILDINGS m 2 The fire floor floor ao directly above the fire and top floor should be R searched first The fire floor floor directly above the fire and top floor should be searched first Close doors of areas not involved in fire t Exits halls and stairs nee should be kept as clear as possible of equipment and hoses Close doors of areas not involved in fire Exits halls and stairs should be kept as clear as possible of equipment and hoses H Search methods 1 When entering a room fire fighters should turn right Y or left and follow the walls around the room When entering a room fire fighters should turn right or left and follow the walls around the room Following one wall will lead rescuers back to the starting point By following the same wall on the same side fire fighters will move through the entire area and eventually be lead back to the entrance As a room is left fire fighters must continue following the right or left lead they used into the next area If a victim is located fire fighters need to turn around place their opposite hand on the wall and follow it back to the entrance To retreat or leave the area turn around and place the left hand on the same wall Moving forward with a victim may take fire fighters deeper into th
32. SION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Can be portable or fixed to vehicles Powered by small gasoline or diesel engines and usually provide 110 volt and or 220 volts LIGHTING EQUIPMENT May be fixed on apparatus or portable AR aT AS Portable lights range from 300 watts to 1 000 watts and may be on telescoping stands LIGHTING EQUIPMENT Unless specially designed lighting equipment must not be used ina flammable or explosive atmosphere EDESA Most lighting LoS equipment operates A at high temperatures and can cause burns to unprotected skin Gloves should be worn when changing quartz bulbs as skin oil can cause a bulb E A to explode when turned on MA The power of the lighting equipment should not exceed the output of the power plant Cords and connectors are necessary to supply power to lighting equipment from the power plant Cords must be insulated waterproof and have ho exposed wires Damaged cords should be repaired or replaced Junction boxes may be used when itis necessary to connect multiple lights or tools Junction boxes should be waterproof with the outlets covered 22 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual b Generators 1 Can be portable or fixed to vehicles 2 Powered by small gasoline or diesel en gines and usually provide 110 volt and or 220 volts Lighting equipment
33. Victims in contact with electrical equipment should also be considered as energized The current must be shut off to electrical equipment and wires before any rescue can be done Contact the utility company to shut down the power Rescuers must stay at least a distance equal to one span between the poles in all directions until the power 1s off RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Downed energized wires can cause current to flow across the ground in all directions 6 Downed wires can energize fences guard rails and other metal objects for some distance from the wires As the current flows away the voltage drops Referred to as the ground gradient Depending on the voltage involved and ground moisture the energized field can extend several feet from See the downed wire 7 Downed energized wires can cause current to flow across the ground in all directions As the current flows away the voltage drops Referred to as the ground gradient Depending on the voltage involved and ground moisture the energized field can extend several feet from the downed wire WATER EMERGENCIES Personnel must always remember the differance ie between a FS rescue and a recovery I Water emergencies 1 Personnel must always remember the difference between a rescue and a recovery
34. abilization and extrication tools so that the vehicle is stabilized the victim is disentangled without further injury and hazards are managed A Requisite Knowledge The fire department s role at a vehicle accident points of strength and weakness in auto body construction dangers associated with vehicle components and systems the uses and limitations of hand and power extrication equipment and safety procedures when using various types of extrication equipment B Requisite Skills The ability to operate hand and power tools used for forcible entry and rescue as designed use cribbing and shoring material and choose and apply appropriate techniques for moving or removing vehicle roofs doors windshields windows steering wheels or columns and the dashboard 6 4 2 Assist rescue operation teams given standard operating procedures necessary rescue equipment and an assignment so that procedures are followed rescue items are recognized and retrieved in the time as prescribed by the AHJ and the assignment is completed A Requisite Knowledge The fire fighter s role at a technical rescue operation the hazards associated with technical rescue operations types and uses for rescue tools and rescue practices and goals B Requisite Skills The ability to identify and retrieve various types of rescue tools establish public barriers and assist rescue teams as a member of the team when assigned 6 5 4 Maintain power plants power
35. ained personnel RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 6 If evacuation of the car is necessary i evacuation of the car is necessary Determine the car s location and go to the floor nearest the stalled elevator Determine the car s location and go to the floor nearest the stalled elevator Establish communications with the passengers Secure the elevator by opening the main power circurt to the elevator drive motor and remove the fuses and station a fire fighter with a radio at the panel Establish communications with the passengers Secure the elevator by opening the main power circuit to the elevator drive motor and remove the fuses and station a fire fighter with a radio at the panel Opening the elevator doors Usually done J with a yj A special key i Use forcible entry tools as a last resort Open the elevator doors 1 Usually done with a special key 2 Use forcible entry tools as a last resort Escalators are chain driven i mechanical stairways M Escalator emergencies 1 Escalators are chain driven mechanical stairways The steps are linked together on a track a The steps are linked together and ride a track The drive unit is usually at the upper Ses landing and covered HAS bya landing plate Be b The drive unit is usually at the upper landi
36. arch techniques and prevents personnel from becoming disoriented and lost The search line is typically 200 feet of 3 s inch rope with a Kevlar sheath Every 20 feet along the line a two inch steel ring is tied onto the line After each ring one or more knots are tied to indicate distance After the first ring one knot 1s tied to indicate the ring is 20 feet from the beginning of the line After the second ring two knots are tied to indicate the ring is 40 feet from the beginning of the line After the third ring three knots are tied and so on down the line The knots are always after the ring so they provide directional indications knots are away from the exit rings are toward the exit Prior to entry the search line is tied to a fixed point about 10 feet from the entrance a The first searcher called the Lead picks up the rope bag and enters the area with each team member closely behind Rescue and Extrication 9 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II TEACHING OUTLINE SLIDES Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Each member of the 4 search team carries a lateral tether Tethers are 20 foot lengths of rope with a carabineeron one end anda inch steel ring tied on the other end If necessary to search perpendicular to the search ling a searcher snaps the tether onto one of the steel rings on the search line and can then search la
37. ccessful completion of the information in this section is necessary to fulfill the requirements of the following sections of NFPA 1001 2008 Fire Fighter I Standard 5 3 5 Exit a hazardous area as a team given vision obscured conditions so that a safe haven is found before exhausting the air supply others are not endangered and the team integrity is maintained A Requisite Knowledge Personnel accountability systems communication procedures emergency evacuation methods what constitutes a safe haven elements that create or indicate a hazard and emergency procedures for loss of air supply B Requisite Skills The ability to operate as a team member in vision obscured conditions locate and follow a guideline conserve air supply and evaluate areas for hazards and identify a safe haven 5 3 9 Conduct a search and rescue in a structure operating as a member of a team given an assignment obscured vision conditions personal protective equipment a flashlight forcible entry tools hose lines and ladders when necessary so that ladders are correctly placed when used all assigned areas are searched all victims are located and removed team integrity is maintained and team members safety including respiratory protection is not compromised A Requisite Knowledge Use of forcible entry tools during rescue operations ladder operations for rescue psychological effects of operating in obscured conditions and ways to manage them
38. closest to A the fire first 4 because victims further away are A in less immediate nz danger Search on hands and knees to stay below heat and Move up and down stairs on _ hands and knees When climbing stairs proceed head first When descending proceed feet first Call out from several locations as moving through the area Stop and listen for victim when searching People may try to hide from a fire and may be found in bathrooms closets under beds or behind furniture 8 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Full protective clothing including SCBA required Take a forcible entry tool and flashlight along on search If available take a thermal imaging camera on the search Some departments require the search team to take a rope or tagline along in the hazard zone Search closest to the fire first because victims further away are in less immediate danger Search on hands and knees to stay below heat and smoke Move up and down stairs on hands and knees a When climbing stairs proceed head first b When descending proceed feet first Call out from several locations as moving through the area Stop and listen for victim as searching People may try to hide or seek shelter from a fire and may be found in bathrooms closets under beds or behind furniture Maintain radio contact with the supervisor and re
39. d around chest grabbing victim s wrists Rescuer 2 tums around kneels and grabs just under Victim s knees Both rescuers stand and carry victim CHAIR LIFT AND CARRY One fire fighter lifts the victim until his or hor buttocks and lower back is high enough for a second fire fighter to slip a chair under the victim The victim and chair are raised to a 45 angle The seated victim is lifted with one fire fighter carrying the chair s logs and the other carrying the back INCLINE DRAG With the victim face up kneel al the victim s head Supporting the victim s head lift the victim s upper body into a sitting position Reach under the victim s arms and grasp the victim s wrists Stand while lifting the victim PTE BLANKET DRAG Lay the victim face up Place a blanket next m te victim and roll victim onto blanket or coat Knee at the victim s side opposite the blanket Extend the victim s arms above his or her head Pull the blanket against the victim gathering it against his or her back Roll the victim onte the blanket TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 4 Rescuer 1 slips his or her arms under victim s arms and around chest grabbing victim s wrists Rescuer 2 turns around kneels and grabs just under victim s knees 6 Both rescuers stand and carry victim Chair lift and carry One fire fighter lifts the victim until his or her buttocks and
40. e of flaws a Stabilize vehicles Other than the ends wooden cribbing should mot be palnted to avoid slips when wel b Support roofs and ceilings Wooden cribbing Must be solid straight and free of flaws Normally made out of 6 x 6 4 x 4 and 2 x 4 blocks about 16 to 24 long Commercially manufactured synthetic or plastic cribbing is becoming more common Other than the ends wooden cribbing should not be painted to avoid slips when wet Commercially manufactured synthetic or plastic cribbing is becoming more common Although more expensive plastic cribbing does not become contaminated by fuel oil or other substances Includes wedges step chocks struts and pads for pneumatic lifting bags Rescue and Extrication 27 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual a May include wedges step chocks struts and pads for pneumatic lifting bags Although more expensive plastic cribbing does not become contaminated by fuel oil or other substances ss SHORING E Shoring A series of timbers or dd 1 A series of timbers or jacks Used to FS stabilize walls or sides of a we 2 Used to stabilize walls or sides of a trench renct E oe F Pneumatic air powered tools Use compressed air for power Use compressed air for power Can be supplied by SCBA cylinders
41. e rescue personnel Unless specially trained fire fighters must confine their activities to support functions aboveground Darkness Cave water temperature is about 55 F Irregular passages Victims and rescuers may develop hypothermia ELECTRICAL EMERGENCIES Always assume that all electrical equipment a and wires are P energized and Fl dangerous Victims in contact with F electrical equipment T should also be considered as energized XE e i na in gt x The current must be shut off before any rescue can be done Contact the utility company to shut down the power ELECTRICAL EMERGENCIES Rescuers must stay at least a distance equal sesa to one span between the poles in all gm m directions until the HS poweris off Hae energize fences guard rails and other metal objects for some A distance from the wires 52 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Tunnels and caves 1 Rescue requires very specially trained cave rescue personnel Unless specially trained fire fighters must confine their activities to support functions aboveground Major problems in cave rescue Darkness Water cave water temperature is about 55 F Irregular passages Temperature victims and rescuers may develop hypothermia Electrical emergencies Always assume that all electrical equipment and wires are energized and dangerous
42. e structure or into other hazards Search perimeter of room and work to inside Search under and around all furniture 0 Probe under pas furniture with Y e Mn o Y 1 Probe under furniture with handle of tool 2 Sweep area with arm or leg Rescue and Extrication 11 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Search closets and cupboards and shower stalls children may attempt to hide from the fire With small rooms one fire fighter can remain at the door while the other searches While searching fire fighters must maintain physical and verbal contact with each 7 N ather The lead fire fighter should keep the other informed of whatis encountered during the search If contact is lost the lead should stop and wait until contact is regained Searched rooms should be marked to indicate a search has been completed of the area LATCH STRAPS Placed over Mi door knobs i Also can prevent a door from locking behind rescuers TWwo PART MARKING SYSTEM Half of an X is placed on a room s door with chalk or tape when the area is entered The X is completed when the room ls exited Can help others find a lost rescue team 12 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 2 Search closets and cupboards and shower stalls children may attempt to h
43. e the passenger side air bag Side Impact Protection Systems may be mechani cally operated and can deploy without the vehicle s electrical system RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Sere There are no industry standards Peon On the locations that these side Coe airbag inflater cylinders can be i mounted Can be located in any of the posts or along any part of the vehicle s supporting roof rail All the posts should be exposed by pulling as much of the plastics as possible prior to making any cuts and to operate i out of the deployment zones of the airbags if peeling the plastic is not possible cutting high on the posts will give the best chance Personal protective equipment must be worn and extreme care used when performing extrication on vehicles equipped with SRS or SIPS Once access is gained a rescuer with emergency medical training should enter the vehicle to stabilize and protect the After patient assessment treatment can be conducted as extrication progresses Packaging patients includes bandaging wounds splinting fractures and immobilizing the a patient s body 4 Packaging protects the patient and helps with removal 4 Openings must be wide gt en ough to remove the patient as smoothly as possible with a minimum of jostling TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Stude
44. ekly drain and replace fuel if the fuel is iia more than 3 weeks old e Inspect the spark plug and spark plug wire for any visible damage carbon buildup or cracked porcelain Review manufacturer s service manual for specific instructions Check fluid levels weekly drain and replace fuel if the fuel is more than 3 weeks old Inspect the spark plug and spark plug wire for any visible damage carbon buildup or cracked porcelain PORTABLE POWER PLANT MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING Check the carburetor pa A de Check the carburetor for any signs of leaks for any signs of leaks Start the generator and run any tests outlined in the operator manual Start the generator A Gasoline should not be added to a generator while it is in operation or if exhaust and engine are hot Test lighting equipment for proper operation while unit is running Rescue and Extrication 23 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual g Gasoline should not be added to a generator while it is in operation or if exhaust and engine are hot due to possibility of spilled gasoline and fumes contacting hot parts y il POWERED HYDRAULIC TocLs gt B Hydraulic tools at Receive power from ee g hydraulic fluid pumped by a motor through fa high pressure hoses The number of uses speed and power has made ES
45. emonstrate each of the listed evolutions individually Skill Procedure The evaluator shall provide a vehicle for the student to practice and demon strate the use of rescue tools and extrication procedures for removing a trapped victim Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step missed shall result in failure of the skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 Wears appropriate safety equipment 2 Properly identifies and retrieves various types of rescue tools 3 Positions cribbing and shoring material properly 4 Removes windshield 5 Removes roof 6 Makes arelief cut in A post 7 Positions the extension ram or other tools to move dashboard 8 Operates tools until dashboard is moved clear of passengers 9 Places cribbing or block in both relief cuts to hold displaced dashboard in position 10 Works effectively as part of the rescue team Rescue and Extrication 71 MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 6 4 2 Assist Technical Rescue Teams Skill Objective The candidate given necessary rescue equipment and an assignment shall recog nize and retrieve rescue tools and equipment specified in the time as prescribed by the evaluator to provide the assistance which would be needed by a technical rescue team as determined by the evalua tor Skill Procedure The evaluator shall determine the t
46. eo ROTE lt gt RESCUE l A E a r e A a a D en 2 A gt F oe ee A SS TA a A J A ec Y z ak A a a egan 3 y A A A tet x hs A oe o hn A a r Y n a Paai P Es z r te Pao An A E A id AR E ea e Bee po a e rh E TS h RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II UNIT OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this unit of study the student should be able to 1 Explain primary and secondary search procedures for victims in fire conditions with and without a rope or hoseline 2 Demonstrate search and rescue operations for victims in a hostile environment 3 Describe and demonstrate how to remove injured persons using carries drags and stretchers 4 Describe extrication operations for victims of motor vehicle accidents 5 Explain rescue and safety techniques for the following a Structural collapses Trench rescues Caves and tunnels Water and ice emergencies Elevators and escalators Energized electrical lines Industrial accidents Aa y 6 Identify the following rescue tools a Cribbing and shoring materials Block and tackle Hydraulic equipment Pneumatic equipment Ratchet device NE PS 7 Demonstrate extrication operations for victims of motor vehicle accidents Rescue and Extrication 1 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II NFPA STANDARDS Su
47. ersonnel should be farther away from the winch than the length of cable being used RATCHET DEVICE COME ALONG 3 Ratchet device come along A Manually operated winch f Tra that uses aratchetand E pulley assembly The comealong la Manually operated winch that uses a ratchet attached to a secure a and pulley assembly cable attached to the object to be moved As the lever is moved to rewind the cable the object moves toward the The come along is attached to a secure anchor point and the cable attached to the object to be moved As the lever 1s moved to rewind the cable the object moves toward the anchor point Winches and come alongs typically use chains as part of the lifting and pulling system PNEUMATIC LIFTING AIR BAGS 4 Pneumatic lifting air bags Help lift or displace objects that cannot be lifted with other equipment High Pressure Bac e a a Help lift or displace objects that cannot be reinforced with steel wire or jal Kevlar fiber lifted with other equipment About tinch thick deflated Depending on the size can inflate to 20 inches Typically filled using SCBA High pressure bags cylinders tm Meoprene rubber exterior 1 Neoprene rubber exterior reinforced with steel wire or Kevlar fiber About 1 inch thick when deflated Depending on the size can inflate to 20 inches Typically filled using SCBA cylinders 30 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRI
48. for rescue or extrication in any situation Rescue incidents involve removing victims from Rescue incidents involve removing victims from hr Fire entrapment 3 Collapse Confined spaces Elevated areas Collapse me and removing victims from vehicles or machinery Confined spaces d Elevated areas Extrication incidents involve disentangling and removing victims from vehicles or machinery Fire fighters must always remember the difference between a rescue and a recovery Fire fighters must always remember the difference between a rescue and a recovery Too many fire fighters have been killed or injured while trying to recover a dead victim 1 Rescues can put fire fighters at extreme risk to save a life Risks should be minimized to recover a body because there is no chance of saving a life Too many fire fighters have been killed or injured while trying to recover a dead victim 4 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Rescuers must always consider their own safety when searching for fire victims Unsafe search and rescue operations endanger personnel and can further endanger victims Incident commanders must consider the hazards involved in any rescue attempt E Fire fighters must consider their own safety when conducting any search 2 Do not enter a building where the fi
49. gt A Fire fighters should be able to identify technical rescue situations to determine the need for specially trained and equipped rescue teams situations to determine the need Y E for specially trained QM and equipped rescue ge teams Personnel must also understand the operations of these teams and be able to assist them with their operations Personnel must also understand the operations of these teams and be able to assist them with their operations 44 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION SLIDES Fire fighters assisting specialized rescue teams should Confirm the instructions to assist the rescue team Gather the required tools and equipment as directed J Provide the assistance as requested Maintain situational awareness Not work outside of their level of training or they risk injuring themselves and others Building collapse I may result from Mee fire weather Pra eee earthquake or Fae MN age of structure Rescuers should always consider the possibility of secondary collapse of a weakened structure Rescue of heavily trapped victims should be left to specially trained and equipped personnel COLLAPSE CATEGORIES PANCAKE COLLAPSE i jE i gt Can occur when opposing exterior eo Walls fall causing i the roof and floors to collapse on top of o each other oi Type of collapse least A likely to contain voids 8 where victims may be MISSOURI DIVISION
50. he entire building and its surroundings should be observed by all personnel to determine ae o Structure integrity 1 The consequences of failing to locate a victim can o Size of the fire amp The probability of any occupants be devastating o Estimate of search time required amp Possible emergency escape routes Before beginning a search the entire building and its surroundings should be observed by all person nel to help determine Structure integrity Size of the fire The probability of any occupants inside Estimate of search time required 6 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual e Possible emergency escape routes Any occupants who have escaped must be ques tioned about the possibility of anyone else inside and where they might be Any occupants who 1 have escaped must be questioned about the sn possibility of gt anyone else inside S and where they might be Regardless of this information the building must still be searched to determine there are any victims trapped Regardless of this information the building must still be searched to determine there are any victims trapped Victims will not always be located where others thought they would be Fire fighters should report the fire extent and loca tion while searching for
51. hile powering an electrical device 2 Checks fluid level s on the power plant 1 e gas oil etc 3 Checks the spark plug spark plug wire and carburetor 4 Properly starts the power plant 5 Inspects all electrical cords for damage or worn insulation 6 Inspects all electrical devices 1 e junction boxes and lights for damage 7 States that gloves should be worn when changing quartz light bulbs 8 Tests all electrical devices while power plant is running 9 Lets engine cool before refueling 10 States that fuel should be changed approximately every three 3 months Rescue and Extrication 67 MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 6 4 1 Vehicle Extrication Windshield Removal Skill Objective The candidate working as part of a team shall demonstrate the use of the appropriate rescue tools to remove a vehicle windshield which may be required to extricate an entrapped victim of a motor vehicle accident by removing a windshield Although this skill involves a team each candidate must demonstrate each of the listed evolutions individually Skill Procedure The evaluator shall provide a vehicle for the student to practice and demon strate the use of rescue tools and extrication procedures for removing a trapped victim Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step missed shall result in failu
52. ide from the fire With small rooms one fire fighter can remain at the door while the other searches While searching fire fighters must maintain physical and verbal contact with each other The lead fire fighter should keep the other informed of what is encountered during the search If contact is lost the lead should stop and wait until contact is regained Marking systems Searched rooms should be marked to indicate a search has been completed of the area Latch straps 1 Placed over door knobs 2 Also can prevent a door from locking behind rescuers Two part marking system 1 Half of an X is placed on a room s door with chalk or tape when the area is entered 2 The X is completed when the room is exited Can help others find a lost rescue team RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Search safety Fire fighters must always be alert to weakened or hazardous structural conditions 1 Fire fighters must always be alert to weakened or They must feel the floor in Pai hazardous structural conditions front of them as they move They must watch for stairways elevator shafts and holes in floors They must feel the floor in front of them as they move They must watch for stairways elevator shafts and holes in floors Any signs of sagging floors or hazardous
53. ies 1 Close enough so equipment is readily available 7 Toprovide a barrier to protect the scene if polhi at least one traffic lane should be closed to nonemergency traffic in addition to the lanes where the vehicles invelved are located 2 Ina location which does not interfere with on scene activities 3 To provide a barrier to protect the scene If possible at least one traffic lane should be closed to nonemergency traffic in addi tion to the lanes where the vehicles in volved are located SCENE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Scene safety considerations Traffic hazards How many and what type of vehicles are involved 1 Traffic hazards ls there a potential for fire o ave ver 2 How many and what type of vehicles are Potential for utility involvement involved Additional resources needed a Hybrids or alternative fuels b Where are they are positioned 3 Is there a potential for fire Rescue and Extrication 33 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 4 Are hazardous materials involved 5 Potential for utility involvement 6 Additional resources needed eo Kee TE NEED EOS ENTRARON 3 Evaluate the need for extrication The arca around each vehicle involved and the entire scene must be Ao ii a The area around each vehicle involved and the
54. l in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Pull the webbing up through the loop so each web bing loop is drawn snugly around the victim s shoulders Adjust hand placement on the webbing to support the victim s head Drag the victim by pulling the webbing loop IV Rescue and Extrication Equipment Essentials p 330 A Fire service electrical equipment FIRE SERVICE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Auxiliary lighting used at a fire scene can provide an extra measure of safety to all fire fighters Auxillary lighting used ata fire scene can provide an extra measure of safety to all fire fighters Provides additional visibility to avoid slips and falls a Lighting provides additional visibility to avoid slips and falls Enables personnel to seo potential hazards and traps which may cause injurias b Lighting enables personnel to see potential hazards and traps which may cause injuries Power plants Used on emergency vehicles when large amounts of power are not required a Inverters Converts vehicle s current to 110 volt or 220 volt AC current 1 Used on emergency vehicles when large amounts of power are not required Disadvantages include limited power output and mobility of vehicle 2 Converts vehicle s current to 110 volt or 220 volt AC current 3 Disadvantages include limited power output and mobility of vehicle Rescue and Extrication 21 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVI
55. l plan Maintain radio contact with the sector supervisor Be alert to fire conditions Always use the personnel accountability system Have backup and rapid intervention teams available Always look for secondary means of escape 10 Always work in teams of two or more 11 Stay low and move cautiously Rescue and Extrication 5 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 12 Feel doors for heat before entering 13 Fire fighters should stay to one side of a door before opening it An inward opening door may be difficult to open if a victim has collapsed just on the other side 2 mita coat 15 Maintain contact with the walls the walls 2 Have charged lines PRY 16 Have charged lines available Coordinate with ventilation teams before ki opening windows 2 inform the sector supervisor if any areas 17 Coordinate with ventilation teams before opening cannot be searched a Report to the sector supervisor when the window S search is completed Inform the sector supervisor if any areas cannot be searched Report to the sector supervisor when the search is completed A thorough search should be A thorough search should be conducted at any structure conducted at any structure fire if it is reasonable and safe to do so fire if it is reasonable and safe to do so Before beginning a search t
56. ll elements This is to allow for consistency in the evaluation of each skill element Students must successfully complete each step of each practical skill during the practical skills evaluation portion of a Fire Fighter I and II course At the time of a Fire Fighter I and II Certification Examination the skill steps have been prioritized to allow a student to miss a predetermined number of steps 62 Rescue and Extrication MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication Successful completion of the practical skills in this section are necessary to fulfill the requirements of the following sections of NFPA 1001 2008 Fire Fighter I Standard 5 3 5 Exit a hazardous area as a team given vision obscured conditions so that a safe haven 1s found before exhausting the air supply others are not endangered and the team integrity is maintained 5 3 9 Conduct a search and rescue in a structure operating as a member of a team given an assignment obscured vision conditions personal protective equipment a flashlight forcible entry tools hose lines and ladders when necessary so that ladders are correctly placed when used all assigned areas are searched all victims are located and removed team integrity is maintained and team members safety including respiratory protection is not compromised 5 3 17 Illuminate the emergency scene given fire service electrical equipment a
57. lower back is high enough for a second fire fighter to slip a chair under the victim The victim and chair are raised to a 45 angle The seated victim is lifted with one fire fighter carrying the chair s legs and the other carrying the chair back Incline drag to move a victim down stairs With the victim face up kneel at the victim s head Supporting the victim s head lift the victim s upper body into a sitting position Reach under the victim s arms and grasp the victim s wrists 4 Stand while lifting the victim Blanket drag Lay the victim face up Place a blanket next to victim and roll victim onto blanket or coat Rescue and Extrication 19 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES BLANKET DRAG Wrap the blanket around the victim MA Grab the blanket on both sides of victim s head raise PE enough to clear head and shoulders Drag victim to safety CLOTHES DRAG Crouch behind the victim s head and grab the shirt or jacket around the bh _ collar and shoulder fo _ area Lift with the legs and walk A backwards dragging the victim Place the victim on his or her back Slide a large webbing loop under the victim s head and chest so the loop is a E even with the victim s armpits Position the victim s arms outside of the webbing Pull the top of the loop over victim s head so it is just past their head WEBBING DRAG Reach down th
58. luded in the Student Manual e Removing laminated glass REMOVING LAMINATED GLASS Use an axe hay hook air chisel reciprocating saw handsaw or glass saw 1 Use an axe hay hook air chisel recipro ihe pecpudneiien cating saw handsaw or glass saw vehicle must be covered before starting the operation Windshield glass is cut down the 2 The people inside a vehicle must be cov short sides to the lower corners ered before starting the operation 3 Windshield glass 1s cut down the short sides to the lower corners REMOVING LAMINATED GLASS EA Another cut E is made across the 2 bottom of the windshield 4 Another cut is made across the bottom of the windshield 5 The windshield is then folded upward over the roof and removed entirely The windshield is then folded upward over the roof and removed entirely TEMPERED GLASS Temper ed 4 las S typically tempered PE ess A Vehicle side windows and rear windows are Use a sharp typically tempered glass pointed object to strike the glass in the lower corner of the window to l shatter the glass Use a sharp pointed object to strike the glass in the lower corner of the window to shatter the glass TEMPERED GLASS gt A spring loaded center punch can be used in a lower corner to shatter the glass A spring loaded center punch can be used in a lower corner to shatter the glass Rescuers and victims should be prope
59. ly 6 Starts the power plant without difficulty 7 Shuts equipment off properly 8 Allows equipment to cool before returning to service or verbally explained the need to do so 9 Cleans and refuels equipment as necessary 10 Identifies at least 3 potential safety hazards when working with electricity on fireground 66 Rescue and Extrication MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 6 5 4 Service amp Maintain Power plants and Lighting Equipment Skill Objective The candidate given a power plant and lighting equipment shall demonstrate the proper procedures for servicing and maintaining the equipment to ensure reliable operation of the equipment Skill Procedure The evaluator shall provide the candidate with a power plant cords and lighting equipment The candidate shall either demonstrate or verbalize when appropriate the steps necessary for the servicing and maintenance of power plants and lighting equipment The evaluator shall stop the skill 1f any hazard exists during the skill Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step listed in italics missed shall result in failure of the skill Otherwise students are allowed to miss a maximum of two of the following steps and pass this skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 States that power plants should be run at least once a week for 20 minutes w
60. m a minimum of 20 feet 64 Rescue and Extrication MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 5 3 5 5 3 9 Exit a Hazardous Environment amp Conduct a Searc amp Recue Skill Objective The candidate using a partner shall demonstrate entering a smoke filled hostile environment within an enclosed structure of at least 20 feet by 20 feet and search for and locate a victim within 15 minutes Full protective equipment including SCBA shall be worn Skill Procedure The evaluator shall locate a suitable room or structure and simulate a hostile environment using either a smoke machine or by covering the SCBA facepieces No use of hand lights by the candidate or his or her partner is allowed The evaluator shall place a victim to be located by the candidate within the structure The skill begins when the candidate enters the door and ends when the victim is removed to the exit Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step listed in italics missed shall result in failure of the skill Otherwise students are allowed to miss a maximum of two of the following steps and pass this skill Items to be checked If the candidate States a portable radio would be used if available 2 Checks the door for heat conditions before entering 3 Enters the room on hands and knees 4 Starts search on outside wall and performs consistent t
61. nd an assignment so that designated areas are illuminated and all equipment is operated within the manufacturer s listed safety precautions Fire Fighter II Standard 6 4 1 Extricate a victim entrapped in a motor vehicle as part of a team given stabilization and extrication tools so that the vehicle is stabilized the victim is disentangled without further injury and hazards are managed 6 4 2 Assist rescue operation teams given standard operating procedures necessary rescue equipment and an assignment so that procedures are followed rescue items are recognized and retrieved in the time as prescribed by the AHJ and the assignment 1s completed 6 5 4 Maintain power plants power tools and lighting equipment given tools and manufacturers instructions so that equipment is clean and maintained according to manufacturer and departmental guidelines maintenance is recorded and equipment is placed in a ready state or reported otherwise Rescue and Extrication 63 MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 5 3 9 Demonstrate Lifts and Carries Skill Objective The candidate wearing full protective equipment and SCBA and given a patient weighing between 100 150 pounds shall demonstrate moving the patient a minimum of 20feet using a two person extremities carry a clothes drag and a blanket drag without compromising his her own respiratory protection
62. ng and covered by a landing plate 2 Most escalators have an emergency stop control on a nearby wall or at the base of the escalator Most escalators have an emergency stop control on a nearby wall or at the base of the escalator The switch stops the escalator and sets an emergency brake a The switch stops the escalator and sets an emergency brake r stopped during rescues or AE if fire fighters are using the stairs to advance hose The stairs should be 4 T The stairs should be stopped during rescues or if fire fighters are using the stairs to advance hose Rescue and Extrication 57 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES F7 Sq Ifa victim is entrapped between the stairs or in the mechanism an escalator mechanic should be requested to assist in removing victim All fire fighters must be competent in search and rescue techniques in a fire situation Fire fighters must be thoroughly trained to perform rescue under extreme conditions Fire fighters must always consider their own safety first The majority of rescue incidents involve vehicle extrications Proper extrication is vital to prevent further injury and speed a victim s removal Scene safety must be the first consideration before starting any operations Fire fighters must be able to identify technical rescue situations to determine the need for specially trained and equipped re
63. nsors and powered by the vehicle s battery Have reserve energy supply capable of deployment after the battery is disconnected The duration of the reserve power supply varies by manufacturer Extrication activities can accidentally To prevent accidental activation on many vehicles The ignition must be turned off and The battery cables disconnected and The reserve power supply allowed to drain n Systems may be mechanically operated with compressed gas cylinders and can deploy without the vehicle s electrical system 38 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual d Unknown vehicle contents E Supplemental Restraint Systems SRS and Side Impact Protection Systems SIPS Air bags systems can deploy at over 200 mph with tremendous force Accidental activation has injured rescuers during extrication operations Typically activate through electronic sensors and powered by the vehicle s battery Have reserve energy supply capable of deploy ment after the battery is disconnected The duration of the reserve power supply varies by manufacturer Extrication activities can accidentally activate restraint systems a To prevent accidental activation on many ve hicles 1 The ignition must be turned off and 2 The battery cables disconnected and 3 The reserve power supply allowed to drain Some vehicles have a key operated switch to deactivat
64. nt Manual 6 There are no industry standards on the locations that these side airbag inflator cylinders can be mounted These cylinders can be located in any of the posts or along any part of the vehicle s support ing roof rail All the posts should be exposed by pulling as much of the plastics as possible prior to making any cuts and to operate out of the deployment zones of the airbags If peeling the plastic 1s not possible cutting high on the posts will give the best chance of avoid ing any gas cylinders Personal protective equipment must be worn and extreme care used when performing extrication on vehicles equipped with SRS or SIPS F Patient management The easiest route to gain access to the patients should be used Once access 1s gained a rescuer with emer gency medical training should enter the vehicle to stabilize and protect the patient After patient assessment treatment can be conducted as extrication progresses The vehicle is removed from around the patient not the patient from the vehicle Packaging patients includes bandaging wounds splinting fractures and immobilizing the patient s body Rescue and Extrication 39 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual a Packaging protects the patient and helps with removal Openings must be wide enough to remove the patient as
65. ny time to share it with a victim if rescuing a fire fighter without a functioning SCBA connect his or her mask to rescuer s SCBA or remove the victim as quickly as possible Report when the downed fire fighter has been located and is being removed The need to exit a hostile environment may PA override the need to stabilize injuries gt If the fire fighter is gt g trapped or injured ue S call for assistance A pa hn Te s e Attempt to control a T any safety threats Pea while waiting for So help Help an uninjured fire fighter to safety 16 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Rescuers should first attempt to determine a downed fire fighter s last location and start their search from that area Rescuers should stop during their search and quietly listen for a PASS device or calls for help A thermal imaging camera should be used for the search if available If rescuing a fire fighter with a functioning breathing apparatus use caution not to dislodge mask or compromise the victim s breathing If rescuing a fire fighter without a functioning breathing apparatus connect his or her mask to rescuer s SCBA or remove the victim as quickly as possible Fire fighters should not remove their facepiece or compromise operation of their SCBA at any time to share it with a victim Report when the downed fire fighter
66. or the student to practice and demon strate the use of rescue tools and extrication procedures for removing a trapped victim Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step missed shall result in failure of the skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 Wears appropriate safety equipment 2 Properly identifies and retrieves various types of rescue tools 3 Positions cribbing and shoring material properly 4 Removes windshield only if absolutely necessary to gain access to patient 5 Cuts all roof posts starting with A posts then B posts and finally C posts 6 Avoids cutting near dangerous zones such as side air bag gas cartridges and seat belt pretensioners 7 Works as part of a team to simultaneously lift the roof from the vehicle using legs not backs 8 Moves the roof to an area where others will not be endangered 9 Works effectively as part of the rescue team 70 Rescue and Extrication MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 6 4 1 Vehicle Extrication Displacing a Dashboard Skill Objective The candidate working as part of a team shall demonstrate the use of the appropriate rescue tools to displace a vehicle dashboard which may be required to extricate an entrapped victim of a motor vehicle accident by displacing a dashboard Although this skill involves a team each candidate must d
67. ore or during fire suppression operations is a a perimeter search b primary search c secondary search d scene search 2 A thorough search performed after initial fire suppression and ventilation opera tions have been completed is a a perimeter search b primary search c secondary search d scene search 3 Which of the following actions 1s not recommended for a fire fighter who becomes disoriented in a fire a Try to find an exit from the area on fire b Activate the PASS device c Try to get to an upper level of the structure d Follow a hoseline away from the nozzle 4 How should a fire fighter drag a victim during an emergency move a Holding the feet or ankles b Grabbing the victim s clothing in the neck or shoulder area c Jackknifing the victim and pulling both the hands and feet d Placing the arms above the head and clasping the victim s wrists 5 What should emergency personnel do first upon arriving at a vehicle accident scene a Begin extrication efforts b Cordon off the area c Reassure victims and bystanders d Assess the scene for safety and the need for extrication Rescue and Extrication 59 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II RESCUE AND EXTRICATION QUIZ 6 involves using a Series of timbers and jacks to prevent further collapse of a structure or trench a Shoring b Cribbing c Tunneling d Cinching 7 Usually the first and the most common p
68. port progress Report fire locations and extension found during search RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES For large areas some departments use a dedicated search system for line use during a primary Assists with thorough search techniques and prevents personnel from becom The search ing disoriented and lost ine is typically 200 feet of inch rope with a Kevlar sheath After each ring one or more knots are tied to indicate distance After the first ring one knotis tied to indicate the ring is 20 feet from the beginning of the line After the second ring two knots are tied to indicate the ring is 40 feet from the beginning of the line The knots are always after the ring a The first searche so hoy provide directional indications knots are away from the exit rings are toward the exit Priorto entry the search line is ted to a fixed point about 10 feet from the entrance r picks up the rope bag and enters the area with each team member closely behind As they move into the building the search line pays out behind them and everyone maintains contact with the line TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual gt E For large areas some departments use a dedicated search line system for use during a primary search This assists with thorough se
69. pressure tires Unknown vehicle contents TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual d Turning off the vehicle eliminates the conven tional and the high voltage systems If the ignition is not accessible power should be shut down by disconnecting the vehicle s negative cables to the battery 1 Cut the negative cable first and then the positive 2 Remove about 2 of each cable Some departments use terminal pullers to remove the cables from the battery instead of cutting the cables to limit the damage D Gaining access to victims l The fastest and simplest methods should be tried first a Through an unlocked operating door b Through a window The more severe the vehicle damage the more complicated and time consuming gaining access and extrication will be Rescuers must stay aware of additional hazards with wrecked vehicles Oil and air filled struts for hoods trunk lids and bumpers Fuel and other flammable liquids or gases High pressure tires Rescue and Extrication 37 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Supplemental Restraint Systems SRS and Side Impact Protection Systems SIPS Air bags systems can deploy at over 200 mph 1 with tremendous force Accidental activation has injured rescuers during extrication operations Airbags typically activate through electronic se
70. r she can get out of the water and get warm The victim may not be able to hold onto a floatation device or rope due to hypothermia Instruct the victim not to try to get out of the water until a rescuer says to do lso REACH if the victim is close enough to solid ground and is responsive and able to hold onte an aid THROW throw a rope or flotation device with an attached rope to the victim if he or she is responsive and able to hold onto an aid 54 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual THROW throw a rope or flotation device with an attached rope to the victim ROW use a boat to get the victim GO as a last resort swim to the victim Place rescuers with rope bags down stream from the victim in case the victim or rescuers break free Ice rescues Consider all ice to be an unstable surface the victim in the water proves the ice is weak Thermal protective suits and personal flotation devices are mandatory before attempting any rescue The victim s survival depends on how quickly he or she can get out of the water and get warm The victim may not be able to hold on to a floata tion device or rope due to hypothermia Instruct the victim not to try to get out of the water until a rescuer says to do so REACH if the victim is close enough to solid ground and is responsive and able to hold onto an aid THROW throw a rope or flota
71. re has progressed to the paint where there are no survivable victims a dl If backdraft conditions exist do not enter until ventilation has been done Sak 2 Never freelance 2 Maintain radia contact with the sector supervisor a Be alert to fire conditions A Always use the personnel accountability system A Have backup and rapid intervention teams available 2 Always look for secondary means of escape d Feel doors for heat before entering 2 Fire fighters should stay to one side of a door before opening it d An inward opening door may be difficult to open if a victim has collapsed just on the other side TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual II Fireground Search and Rescue Essentials p 306 gt A Rescuers must always consider their own safety when searching for fire victims l Unsafe search and rescue operations endanger personnel and can further endanger victims Incident commanders must consider the hazards involved in any rescue attempt and continually size up the situation for changing conditions Search safety guidelines 9 Fire fighters must consider their own safety first when conducting any search Do not enter a building where the fire has pro gressed to the point where there are no survivable victims If backdraft conditions exist do not enter until ventilation has been done Never freelance work within the operationa
72. re of the skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 Wears appropriate safety equipment 2 Properly identifies and retrieves various types of rescue tools 3 Positions cribbing and shoring material properly 4 Uses an axe hay hook air chisel reciprocating saw or glass saw to cut the windshield glass along the sides and then across the bottom 5 Folds the windshield upward for removal 6 Works effectively as part of the rescue team 68 Rescue and Extrication MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 6 4 1 Vehicle Extrication Vehicle Door Removal Skill Objective The candidate working as part of a team shall demonstrate the use of the appropriate rescue tools to remove a vehicle door which may be required to extricate an en trapped victim of a motor vehicle accident by removing a vehicle door Although this skill involves a team each candidate must demonstrate each of the listed evolutions individually Skill Procedure The evaluator shall provide a vehicle for the student to practice and demon strate the use of rescue tools and extrication procedures for removing a trapped victim The evaluator instructor shall tell the candidate to open the door on either the handle or hinged side The candidate need not complete both procedures Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step missed shall
73. rection of the long axis of the body not sideways In an emergency move attempt to pull victims in the direction of the long axis of the body not sideways if on the floor pull the las victim s clothing in the neck shoulder area If on the floor pull the victim s clothing in the neck If possible put the shoulder area victim on a blanket and drag the blanket If possible put the victim on a blanket and drag the blanket Try to have two or more fire fighters lift or carry any adult victims Try to have two or more fire fighters lift or carry any adult victims Guard against losing your balance 1 Guard against losing your balance Remember to keep your back Straight and lift with your legs 2 Remember to keep your back straight and lift with your legs Rescue and Extrication 17 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES CRADLE IN ARMS LIFT AND CARRY For conscious children or small adults Place one arm under Ss the victim s arms and gt across the back 3 Place the other arm A under the victim s H knees Keep the back straight Lift the victim to about waist high SEAT LIFT AND CARRY For two rescuers Raise the victim toa sitting position Link arms across the Me victim s back Reach under the gt victim s knee to form Pp a seat i Stand and lift the victim Two Fire FIGHTER EXTREMITIES CARRY 3 Rescuer 1 re
74. rking around wiring and rebar Rescue and Extrication 47 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Fire officials should seek assistance from structural engineers or construction experts when planning and conducting is gt H i operations to secure area from further collapse Remaining structure should be made as safe and secure as possible for rescuers and to prevent further collapse Used to prevent sudden and unexpected movement of objects Uses a series of j cribbing timbers and ei jacks to prevent further collapse 125 Shoring is difficult and 5 requires proper training and practice TUNNELING _ Involves moving smaller H debris to create a path to victims Should only be done when B other methods of reaching 25 victima are not possible Tunnels must be large for rescuer and victim Tunnels should go along de walls whenever possible Moving debris for tunneling pe can cause other debris to fall S cx 48 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 8 Fire officials should seek assistance from structural engineers or construction experts when planning and conducting operations to secure area from further collapse Remaining structure should be made as safe and secure as possible for rescuers and to prevent further collapse a Shoring 1 2 3 4 Used to prevent
75. rly pro Rescuers and victims should be properly protected from the shattering glass tected from the shattering glass Seoll adhering contact paper duct tape or spray adhesive can be used on the window before breaking to contain the broken glass Self adhering contact paper duct tape or spray adhesive can be used on the window before breaking to contain the broken glass Remember that some rear windows are lami nated glass instead of tempered Rescue and Extrication 41 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual _ Removal of a H Removing a vehicle s roof i y vehicle s roof can ee provide open access to victims Removal of a vehicle s roof can provide open access to victims Vehicle door post designations A post front post where front door is connected to the body B post between the front and rear doors on a four door vehicle or the door handle end post on a two door vehicle C post post nearest the rear door handle on a four door vehicle or the rear roof post on a two door cotusing 2 Me Posts can be cut using a hydraulic cutters hacksaw hydraulic gt ate A A E or reciprocating saw reciprocating MENS z For total roof For total roof removal the A posts are cut first and removal the A posts A are cut first and then then the B posts and C posts f the B po
76. roblem encountered with a trench collapse iS the collapse zone encountering heavy equipment the victim s reduced ability to breathe a lack of needed equipment a C OP 8 What is the safest way to prevent horizontal movement of a vehicle involved in an accident a Chock the wheels b Set the emergency brake c Put the transmission in park or neutral d Place fire apparatus at both ends of the vehicle 9 A collapse occurs when opposing exterior walls fail causing the roof and floors to collapse on top of each other a cantilever b V shaped c lean to d pancake 10 Unless there is a medical emergency involved with an elevator car stuck between floors rescue personnel should a force open the car s doors b reassure the occupants and wait for the repair person c manually move the elevator to the lower floor d lower trained personnel to the roof of the car 60 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II INSTRUCTOR S GUIDE PRACTICAL SKILLS These Lead Instructor Practical Skills are designed to provide the Lead Instructor for a Fire Fighter I and II course with a more detailed overview of the practical skills required of all students The appropriate skills from NFPA 1001 2008 are listed at the front of each skill s section Although the skills from NFPA 1001 2008 are written as Job Performance Requirements these have been divided into individual ski
77. rough the lange loop and uncer the victim s back and grab the webbing Pull the webbing up through ee gt Sag the loop so each webbing es pe loop is drawn snugly around the victim s shoulders Adjust hand placement on the webbing to support the victim s head Drag the victim by pulling the webbing loop 20 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Knee at the victim s side opposite the blanket Extend the victim s arms above his or her head Pull the blanket against the victim gathering it against his or her back Roll the victim onto the blanket Wrap the blanket around the victim Grab the blanket on both sides of victim s head raise enough to clear head and shoulders 9 Drag victim to safety Clothes drag Crouch behind the victim s head and grab the shirt or jacket around the collar and shoulder area Lift with the legs and walk backwards dragging the victim Webbing drag Place the victim on his or her back Slide a large webbing loop under the victim s head and chest so the loop is even with the victim s armpits Position the victim s arms outside of the webbing Pull the top of the loop over victim s head so it is just past their head Reach down through the large loop and under the victim s back and grab the webbing RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Materia
78. rvention 1 A rapid intervention crew RIC is composed of at least two fire fighters fully equipped to rescue a fire fighter in distress RIC members may be assigned nonessential duties as long as those duties can be immediately abandoned Those other duties must be relatively close to the hazard zone a RIC members may be assigned nonessential duties as long as those duties can be immedi ately abandoned Those other duties must be relatively close to the hazard zone LOCATING 4 DOWNED FIRE FIGHTER Rescuers should first try to establish radio contact with a downed fire fighter 2 Locating a downed fire fighter Rescuers should attempt to determine a downed fire fighters last location and start their search from that area a Rescuers should first try to establish radio Rescuers should stop during their search A A and quietly listen for a PASS device or calls contact with a downed fire fighter for help Rescue and Extrication 15 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES LOCATING A DOWNED FIRE FIGHTER A thermal imaging camera should be used for the search if available LOCATING A DOWNED FIRE FIGHTER EN lf rescuing a fire MS fighter with a functioning breathing apparatus use caution not to dislodge mask or compromise the victim s breathing Fire fighters should not remove their facepiece or compromise operation of their SCBA at a
79. scue teams Personnel must also understand the operations of these teams and be able to assist with their operations 58 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 3 Ifa victim is entrapped between the stairs or in the mechanism an escalator mechanic should be requested to assist in removing victim VII Rescue and Extrication Summary gt A All fire fighters must be competent in search and rescue techniques in a fire situation Fire fighters must be thoroughly trained to perform rescue under extreme conditions Fire fighters must consider their own safety first when conducting any search Fire fighters must always remember the difference between a rescue and a recovery The majority of rescue incidents involve vehicle extri cations 1 Proper extrication is vital to prevent further injury and speed a victim s removal 2 Scene safety must be the first consideration before starting any operations Fire fighters must be able to identify technical rescue situations to determine the need for specially trained and equipped rescue teams 1 Personnel must also understand the operations of these teams and be able to assist them with their operations RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II RESCUE AND EXTRICATION QUIZ Name Date 1 A rapid but thorough search performed in a systematic fashion bef
80. scuer F kneels at victim s head af Rescuer 2 stands between the victim s jr knees ET Vie Rescuer 1 uses one hand to support the Mi victim s head and neck with the other hand under the victim s shoulders Rescuer 2 grabs the victim s wrists and pull the victim to a sitting position 18 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 3 Lifting incorrectly is one of the most common causes of injuries to rescuers gt F Cradle in arms lift and carry For conscious children or small adults Place one arm under the victim s arms and across the back Place the other arm under the victim s knees Keep the back straight Lift the victim to about waist high Seat lift and carry For two rescuers Raise the victim to a sitting position Link arms across the victim s back Reach under the victim s knee to form a seat Stand and lift the victim H Two fire fighter extremities carry Rescuer 1 rescuer kneels at victim s head Rescuer 2 stands between the victim s knees Rescuer 1 uses one hand to support the victim s head and neck with the other hand under the victim s shoulders Rescuer 2 grabs the victim s wrists and pull the victim to a sitting position RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Two FIRE FIGHTER EXTREMITIES CARRY Rescuer 1 slips his or her arms under victim s anms an
81. se Va opposite wall remains r AA The side of the roof or floor which was supported by the failed wall drops forming a triangular void EY undemeath E Occurs when the he 5 floors or roof on we both sides of a ea center wall collapse into opposing lean I to collapses habitable voids COLLAPSE CATEGORIES CANTILEVER COLLAPSE Happens when one side wall of a multistory building collapses and leaves the i floors attached and supported by MESS the remaining wall Es supported ends Most vulnerable to secondary collapse 46 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 2 Type of collapse least likely to contain voids where victims may be found V type collapse 1 Caused when the outer walls remain intact and the walls or roof fail in the middle 2 May create habitable voids on both sides of the collapse Lean to collapse 1 Occurs when one outer wall fails and the opposite wall remains 2 The side of the roof or floor which was supported by the failed wall drops forming a triangular void underneath A frame collapse 1 Occurs when the floors or roof on both sides of a center wall collapse into oppos ing lean to collapses 2 Provides a good chance for habitable voids Cantilever collapse 1 Happens when one side wall of a multistory building collapses and leaves the floors attached and supported by
82. sed for lifting primarily used to hold an object in place Trench screw jacks used to replace wooden cross braces in trench rescues 26 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 3 Ratchet lever jacks Ratchet lever Jacks Also known as high lift i jacks Consist of a rigid beam i with perforations onthe H web and a jacking i cartridge with two E lf the load ratchets on the geared T shifts side ratchet Can be dangerous lever jacks because they are the may fall least stable of jacks over Also known as high lift jacks Consist of a rigid I beam with perforations on the web and a jacking cartridge with two ratch ets on the geared side Can be dangerous because they are the least stable of jacks If the load shifts ratchet lever jacks may fall over Rescuers must never work 2 under a load UR supported only by jacks Rescuers must never work under a load supported only by jacks the area under a raised load should be entered only when proper cribbing is in place The area undera Ma raised load should be pe entered only when M proper cribbing is in HT 22 Cribbing CRIBBING Commonly used to Stabilize vehicles Support roofs and ceilings 1 Commonly used to WOODEN CRIBBING Must be solid straight and fre
83. sts and C An alternative An alternative method is to cut the front posts and HF posts and cut the then fold the roof back onto itself or the trunk Caution must be used when working around the cut posts still attached to the vehicle s body Then fold the roof qe F E back onto itself or a a f the trunk t Unibody vehicles may collapse when the roof is removed a A third step block should be placed under the B post before compromising the vehicle s body 42 Rescue and Extrication RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES Many extrications feo involve the removal tf of a vehicle s doors for patient access and removal 5 d _ Doors can be NM opened from the 5 h fa handle side or FA removed completely using a hydraulic spreader in the crack on the hinge side The first step is to Mes make a purchase point for the insertion of the spreaders A prying tool is inserted into the crack at the handle side or hinge side of the door The tool is used to widen the crack to a point where the spreadertips can be inserted _ On the handle si side the J spreaders are foe inserted into the crack Seem above the lock mechanism and operated to spread the Y door away from A the locking pin o On the hinge am side the spreaders are By inserted above the top hinge hinge and then the R bottom hinge A victim may be pinned by
84. sudden and unexpected movement of objects Not intended to move heavy objects but to stabilize them Uses a series of cribbing timbers and jacks to prevent further collapse Shoring is difficult and requires proper training and practice Tunneling 1 2 3 4 Involves moving smaller debris to create a path to victims Should only be done when other methods of reaching victims are not possible Tunnels must be large for rescuer and victim Tunnels should go along walls whenever possible Moving debris for tunneling can cause other debris to fall RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TRENCH COLLAPSE Can occur whenever excavation is going on in any jurisdiction Rescuers can be killed in a trench collapse because they gt la failed to stabilize the trench before entering The first decision on a trench collapse is whether to consider it a rescue or body recovery 7 r Some departments have a E moe NR rule of thumb that if the A UA victim is not visible itis a Eg body recovery operation Most common problem is victim s reduced ability to breathe and the first priority must be to uncover victim s head and chest and supply additional air 4 Air hose or smoke ejector may be used to introduce additional air into area ie Oxygen equipment may be used on the victim Personnel must not be sent inte trench unless trained and their
85. terally from the main line b As they move into the building the search line pays out behind them and everyone maintains contact with the line Each member of the search team carries a lateral tether a Tethers are 20 foot lengths of rope with a cara biner or snap hook on one end and a 3 4 inch steel ring tied on the other end If necessary to search perpendicular to the search line a searcher snaps the tether onto one of the steel rings on the search line and can then search laterally from the main line If there is more area to be searched beyond 20 feet a second searcher can attached his or her tether to the ring on the end of the first searchers line Slower and more F Secondary search systematic search in an 0 attempt to find any occupants mot located 4 during the primary search Usually conducted atter fire is controlled Should be conducted by personnel who did not do the primary search Deals more with thoroughness than speed 10 Rescue and Extrication Slower and more systematic search in an attempt to find any occupants not located during the primary search Usually conducted after fire is controlled and smoke and heat conditions have improved The secondary search should be conducted by personnel who did not do the primary search The secondary search deals more with thoroughness than speed RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDE
86. the steering wheel or dashboard in a front end collision a To displace the dash E ra the windshield must A 3 first be removed E The front posts must Y roof folded back TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual Removing doors Many extrications involve the removal of a vehicle s doors for patient access and removal Doors can be opened from the handle side or re moved completely using a hydraulic spreader in the crack on the hinge side The first step is to make a purchase point for the insertion of the spreaders A prying tool such as a hooligan is inserted into the crack at the handle side or hinge side of the door The tool is used to widen the crack to a point where the spreader tips can be inserted On the handle side the spreaders are inserted into the crack above the lock mechanism and operated to spread the door away from the locking pin On the hinge side the spreaders are inserted above the top hinge and operated to break the hinge and then the bottom hinge Personnel must be ready for the door to spring violently away from the frame when opened Displacing the dashboard 1 A victim may be pinned by the steering wheel or dashboard in a front end collision 2 To displace the dash the windshield must first be removed Rescue and Extrication 43 RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II
87. tion device with an attached rope to the victim if he or she is respon sive and able to hold onto an aid RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual EB Se Only trained k5 personnel a should attempt to go out to perform a rescue 8 Only trained personnel should attempt to go out to perform a rescue A ladder can be extended to distribute the rescuers weight on the ice A ladder can be extended to distribute the rescuers weight on the ice A flat bottomed boat or raft can be pushed along the ice A flat bottomed boat or raft can be pushed along the ice K Industrial accidents Entrapments in industrial machinery are some of the most challenging rescues 1 Entrapments in industrial machinery are some of the most challenging rescues Specific techniques cannot be listed because of the number of different types of industrial machinery In existence Specific techniques cannot be listed because of the number of different types of industrial machinery in existence When surveying the incident rescuers must con sider When surveying an industrial accident consider t The victim s medical con of entrapment a Es The number of rescuers required l The equipment needed The need for specialized assistance The victim s medical condition and degree of entrapment
88. urns always to right or left 5 Completely searches one room before moving on to the next room 6 Maintains contact with wall hoseline or similar device 7 Moves and or searches behind on under all furniture 8 Searches all closets and small crawl spaces 9 Communicates well with partner 10 Stops to periodically listen for sounds 11 Performs a thorough search doesn t overlook significant areas 12 Locates victim and properly removes victim to the exit using appropriate carry or drag Rescue and Extrication 65 MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II PRACTICAL SKILLS Rescue and Extrication NFPA 1001 2008 5 3 17 Illuminate an Emergency Scene Skill Objective The candidate given a portable power plant lights cords and connectors shall set up emergency lighting for fire ground operation and identify at least 3 potential safety hazards when working with electricity on the fireground Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Students are allowed to miss a maximum of two of the following steps and pass this skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 Checks the fuel and oil before starting power plant 2 Lifts equipment safely 3 Locates the power plant in a remote and well ventilated position 4 Arranges power cords neatly as to minimize someone accidentally tripping over them 5 Organizes lights in a useful position and illuminated area sufficient
89. vehicle Cribbing 1 Built in a box formation with wedges for solid contact with the vehicle 2 Step blocks can be used for rapid stabiliza tion Rescuers must avoid placing any parts of their bodies under the vehicle when placing stabiliza tion Combinations of cribbing ropes and chains may have to be used to stabilize vehicles on their sides or tops Stabilization also requires shutting down the vehicle s electrical system Before shutting down the power lower power windows unlock doors and move seats back Eliminates an ignition source Eliminates power to the restraint systems RESCUE AND EXTRICATION MISSOURI DIVISION OF FIRE SAFETY FIRE FIGHTER I amp II SLIDES lf the ignition is not accessible power should be shut down by disconnecting the vehicle s negative cables to the battery b a Cut the negative fee cable first and Ba then the positive 4 Remove about 2 LA of each cable Some departments use a terminal puller instead of cutting the battery cables GAINING ACCESS To VICTIMS First try the fastest and simplest methods Through an o unlocked operating door Through a window The more severe the vehicle damage the more complicated and time consuming gaining access and extrication will be Wrecked vehicles pose additional hazards for rescuers Qil and air filled struts o for hoods trunk lids and ag bumpers Fuel and other flammable liquids or gases High
90. ver attempt to adjust an elevator s mechanical systems to move an elevator car Elevator rescues require special rescue techniques and should not be attempted by untrained personnel 56 Rescue and Extrication TEACHING OUTLINE Material in italics is NOT included in the Student Manual 5 When itis necessary to extricate the victim The first priority is to identify how the machin ery operates from people on scene The machine may be operated normally to release the victim 1f further injury will not result The machine may be disassembled If the machine cannot be disassembled it may be necessary to force the machine if this can be done without causing further injury Use caution when turning off power supplies some machines such as punch presses operate in full cycle and may complete the cycle when power is shut off causing further injury Elevator emergencies Most elevator incidents involve a car stuck between floors due to mechanical or power failure and are not true emergencies Rescuers should have an elevator mechanic dis patched to scene immediately Unless there is a medical emergency in the car always establish contact and reassure the occupants that help is coming and wait for elevator mechanic Fire fighters must never attempt to adjust an elevator s mechanical systems to move an elevator car Elevator rescues require special rescue techniques and should not be attempted by untr
91. ype of technical rescue for which equipment will be required and explain the situation and what equipment is needed Students are allowed two chances at each skill for successful completion Any step listed in italics missed shall result in failure of the skill Otherwise students are allowed to miss a only one of the following steps and pass this skill Items to be checked If the candidate 1 Wears appropriate safety equipment 2 Confirms with the officer the assignment to assist rescue teams 3 Properly identifies and retrieves various types of rescue tools as required for the situation identified by the evaluator 4 Verbalizes that he or she is maintaining situational awareness and not becoming in volved in tasks beyond their training 5 Reports to officer on completion of assigned task 72 Rescue and Extrication

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