Security Hands Free Entry System
Contents
1. The hex file will be generated from C code by the HiTech C Compiler The programmer includes software that will be used to burn the generated hex file into the microcontroller s memory Once the microcontroller is successfully programmed the file will remain in the microcontroller s memory until the PIC is erased using the programmer software or a new program is loaded into memory The programmer can be disconnected from the printed circuit board once programming has been verified and it is confirmed that the device has been successfully programmed The specific connections for each subsystem are provided in detail below B PIC and Card Reader System Integration The microcontroller will connect to the card reader subsystem via a simplified RS 232 protocol connection that does not require a physical RS 232 connector A simple terminal block will be used in place of the RS 232 connector Because the PIC and reader converter board do not operate at the same voltage level a signal converter was necessary to facilitate communication The reader converter board transmits the card ID via the RS 232 protocol The MAX232 converts the signal to a TTL format and forwards the converted signal to the microcontroller The PIC also draws its power supply from the reader converter board so voltage and ground connections were also necessary C PIC and Voice Recognition System Integration The microcontroller will share a six pin connection with2. The security hands free entry system is simple and straightforward It is designed so that it is self explanatory in its operation and simple for anyone to use regardless of their educational background even the people that are not as technologically oriented should be able to use the system with much ease Any technological device should be to facilitate certain aspects of life and not make matters more complicated Il THE SYSTEM DESIGN The Security Hands Free Entry System consists of hardware and an application program for microcontroller unit developed in Hi Tech C programming language and MCU voice recognition The hardware module has four main subsystems We will cover these four subsystems in more details throughout this section The four main subsystems include e Card Access Control System e Speaker Recognition System e Electronic Door System e PCB PIC Microcontroller The control action is actually performed by the microcontroller It processes the signals that are inputted from the valid card reader and voice signal at the entrance The output section of the microcontroller is connected via relays circuit for the desired operational action The completed hardware system is shown in figure 1 Card Access Control System ProCard II MaxiPro OEM Reader 5375 Converter Reader Board Electronic Door System D 4990 Low Energy Operator Printed Circuit Board PIC Microcontroller Relay Circuit Magnetic Door Po
3. the speaker recognition subsystem Three pins will be reserved for output to the speaker recognition subsystem while the remaining pin will be maintained for input from the speaker recognition subsystem The speaker recognition subsystem will support up to six unique voice profiles The output pins will be used to communicate which of the six voice profiles is trying to be matched depending on which card is in range of the reader The voice profiles will correspond to three bit binary outputs 001 through 110 An output of 111 will indicate that no match is trying to be made because there is not a valid card in range of the receiver The input pins will indicate the result of the attempted voice match If the presented voice does not match the stored voice in the profile a value of 111 will be sent to the microcontroller indicating a mismatch If a positive match is made between the presented voice and the stored voice a value equal to the voice profile ID will be sent to the microcontroller indicating a match All of these connections will be made with the microcontroller through a six terminal block The output pins will be tied to port E while the input pins will be tied to port D D PIC and Door Lock System Integration The microcontroller will communicate with the electric door latch subsystem in a number of ways First the microcontroller will share a two pin connection with the door status switch of the electri
4. C and door The door relay circuit is shown in figure 5 D 4990 Low Energy Operator Fig 5 Door Relay Circuit Block Diagram F Door System Power Supply A wall mounted step down transformer of the 500 VA rating was determined to be best suited for our application This size will insure future addition of options to include status buzzer and perhaps lights This particular design is readily plugged into the wall not requiring a dedicated circuit VI PIC MICROCONTROLLER The PIC subsystem is responsible for tying together all of the other independently functioning subsystems and providing the desired functionality to the project as a whole The PIC follows a logical sequence of events in order to provide the desired high level functionality of the total system The PIC s program includes several built in interrupts to adjust to the status of the door throughout the basic sequence of events A PIC 16F877A The Microchip PIC16F877A microcontroller is the centerpiece of the PIC subsystem and really the project as a whole Without the microcontroller none of the other subsystems would function as they are supposed to function In terms of hardware the PIC16F877A shares an electric connection with virtually every other aspect of the project Many of these components operate at higher voltages than the microcontroller and carry larger currents careful consideration had to be given in designing these connections The PIC16F877A
5. C or 8 16VDC 100mA for internal operation The reader and reader converter interface has shared 12VDC power supply RFID card utilities power from the reader through radio frequency IV THE SPEAKER RECOGNITION Simply put voice recognition is the act of recognizing an identified speaker s speech and converting it into text In particular voice recognition systems have to be trained to a specific user combining the principles of both speaker recognition identifying the speaker and speech recognition determining what words the speaker is saying The development of voice recognition systems especially their training methods is mostly due to the fact that human speech patterns vary from person to person Accents in particular cause these differences to emerge in basic speech recognition systems causing them to behave in ways not intended The key difference between the two components to voice recognition is that speaker recognition is the process of recognizing the identity of the speaker whereas speech recognition is the process of determining what is said by a speaker We will be using speaker recognition methods The basic operation of speaker recognition is shown in figure 3 Filtering Decision Result Pattern Matching Voice Profile Basic Operation of Speaker Recognition Feature Selection Fig 3 A Texas Instrument MSP430 The Texas Instruments MSP430 Ultra Low Power MCUs are known for the
6. Security Hands Free Entry System Anh Loan C Nguyen John E Van Sickle Jordan K Acedera Christopher Spalding School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 2450 Abstract The project is to utilize radio frequency identification RFID and speaker recognition technology to create a security hands free entry system The users will be able to walk up to the door with both hands preoccupied using the RFID card and voice to open the door When the RFID card is within range the user will speak a predetermined phrase of which will be compared to the voice profile on file If there s a match the user is accepted and the door automatically opens The design includes hardware and software which provides a functionality to allow the door to be controlled through the authentication of RFID card and voice by the microcontroller unit Index Terms Access control security RFID card 125Khz frequency speaker recognition automatic door I INTRODUCTION In recent years the problem of home land security has attracted increasing attention and resources The search for solutions that can guarantee greater independence and a better quality of security has begun to develop easily available state of the art technology Intelligent control systems most called smart homes smart environment systems intelligent buildings or intelligent homes can now be planned and would go far towa
7. c door latch subsystem One pin will be designated for output and the other pin will handle input from the switch These connections will allow the microcontroller to keep track of whether the door is locked or unlocked as any given time These connections are necessary because locking the door after entry is handled internally by the electric door latch subsystem rather than directly by the microcontroller The microcontroller shares an additional one pin connection with the electric door latch subsystem that handles unlocking the door When activated this connection will effectively close the circuit of the electric door latch subsystem allowing it to unlock the door for a specified amount of time The final connection between the microcontroller and the electric door latch subsystem is a ground wire to provide a common ground between the five volt power supply of the microcontroller and the twelve volt power supply of the electric door latch subsystem These connections will be made with the microcontroller through a four terminal block with three of the terminals tying into port A on the microcontroller and the remaining terminal connecting to ground on the printed circuit board The push to exit button shares no direct connection with the microcontroller The microcontroller will only know that the button has been pressed through its connection with the door status switch E The PIC Control Program In order to provide functionality to
8. e short list of cards to be used by the system the card will be identified as invalid No state change occurs when an invalid card is in range of the receiver However if the card s identifying information is found in the system the card will be deemed valid When a valid card is in range of the receiver the system will proceed to the next state in line the Waiting for Voice state 444343 Fig 7 PCB Schematic The Waiting for Voice state is the second possible state of the system During this state the microcontroller is communicating with the speaker recognition subsystem The system will remain in the Waiting for Voice state until some kind of voice match is made If a negative voice match occurs during this state the system will revert back to the Waiting for Card state However when a positive voice match is made between the presented voice and the voice profile the system will then proceed to the next state in the sequence the Card and Voice Confirmed state This state will cause a cascade of signals that function to open the door The system will then enter the Door Unlocked state for a short while The system will then progress to the Door Locked state until the door closes and the cycle begins again G Printed Circuit Board PCB A printed circuit board is necessary to facilitate communication between the PIC system and every other aspect of the project The microcont
9. hich will be compared to the voice profile on file If there s a match the user is accepted and the door automatically unlocks The door will remain unlocked for a pre programmed period of time and will return to the locked state at the end of the complete process Speaker recognition is one of the most widely used technological advances of our times The technology has made a large progression to make it practical for commercial consumer use such as allowing those with disabilities the freedom to communicate with others In this project voice recognition will be manipulated to utilize the capabilities and functionalities of this technology We plans to achieve this by combining the voice recognition technology with the 125 KHz proximity card access control system The system has four main subsystems Card Access Control System the Speaker Recognition System the Electric Door Lock System and the PIC microcontroller We use Card Access Control System Speaker Recognition System and an electric door locking system and combine all of them with PIC microcontroller acting as central control unit to make up a fully integrated security hands free entry system In this modern time maintaining personal security should be considered of the utmost importance What if we lose the card key what if someone recorded our voice With this proposed solution it will take more effort for an adversary to obtain the card key and the voice at the same time
10. ial port is able to receive the data directly from any Wiegand device such as card reader and also output the data in the Wiegand format as if it was a card reader itself 2 Wiegand interface is popular in the security access control and automation industry The OEM Wiegand converter requires a regulated power source of 5 VDC or 8 16VDC 100mA for internal operation The RS 232 communications parameters are 9600 baud N no parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no hardware flow control 3 Wiegand converter operates with any card reader that produces a standard Wiegand Data Data 0 or Clock and Data communication output Wiegand format is easy to use no need to deal with clock We have designed to pick out Wiegand format to get data from card reader and then convert Wiegand data transmit to PIC controller via RS232 connector A 26 bit Wiegand format will be used in the example below Input Wiegand 26 bit 1 001011010100101100011010 1 Even Parity Data Odd Parity Output 16 byte ASCII string from RS232 method 2 6 Q0002D4B1A 3 CR 26 bit Wiegand Data 2D4BI1A Parity Character D Power Supplies Power Supplies for hardware designed specifically for the system equipment installed The MaxiProx 5375 reader requires a linear power supply with a rating of 24 28 5 Volts DC at a minimum of 1 5 Amps per reader A linear power supply aids maximum reader performance The Wiegand converter requires a regulated power source of 5 VD
11. ir ease of use and low power consumption A microcontroller is necessary to interface the PIC subsystem with the Scientific Instruments Speech Recognition circuit SR 06 The microcontroller and SR 06 collectively handle user profile management B Images Scientifics Instruments SI Speaker Recognition Circuit SR 06 The SI SR 06 circuit is an unassembled speech recognition circuit An alternative is the SR 07 speech recognition circuit which provides the exact same functionality as the SR 06 but comes fully assembled Consequently the SR 07 is more expensive so for the purposes of cost effectiveness we used the SR 06 speech recognition circuit Both circuits utilize the HM2007 speech recognition IC It is a speaker dependent chip capable of recognizing up to 40 96 second words or 20 1 92 second words 4 C Voice profile Voice profiles as stated earlier will be collectively managed by the combination of the MSP430 MCU and the SR 06 Speech Recognition circuit User identification will be hard coded into the MCU based on the passphrase location the user selects on the SR 06 Program flow for speaker recognition can describe as follow The MCU receives a 3 bit user ID from the PIC The speaker then speaks into the SR 06 The SR 06 will recognize the word as one of twenty possible words from its memory The SR 06 will then send the value of the word either 1 through 20 as a 6 bit output to the MCU The MCU will then compare the val
12. ng that door is in the ready state On the secure side of the door red LED is normal status of reader and voice panel Person approaches to RFDI range with the valid RFID card the LCD green s reader will flash and beep once reader control not from PIC to indicate that PIC has acknowledge first identification then green LCD on voice panel will turn on indicated that system need the second identification which is the voice data Person is going to speak his her password Once both data have matched with memory data then PIC will release the door contact The solenoid release with the click sound door is opened and both LCD turn red ready for next identification If the voice profile doesn t match the system PIC will command LEDs on reader and voice panel turn red which is normal condition no action to the door The RFID card will timeout in about 5 7 second if there is no action which is repeated wrong voice profile The system is waiting for the next card in range If the reader did not recognize the valid card in the first place then nothing happen no action follow up for voice active either Reader works as the filter to activate the voice system After the person gets in to the unsecure side the door will close and lock by hearing a solenoid click On this side we have designed a request to exit push button Once the button is pressed door will open following a click sounding from the solenoid For any others complicate o
13. ompilation Burning and Evaluation before it was transmitted to the microcontroller through the programmer F Stage Diagram Figure 6 shows the various states that the system can take and the actions necessary to proceed through them There are five basic states of the system waiting for card waiting for voice card and voice confirmed door opened and door closed The function of the microcontroller will vary depending on the state of the system Certain actions will be expected when the system is in one state while those same actions will be completely ignored by the microcontroller if they occur while the system is in another state A brief description of the five states of the system as well as the actions that facilitate changes in state and state diagram is provided below Invalid Card No Voice in Range Match Valid Card in Range p Negative AA Door Voice Positive Closed Match Voice Match Door yard and Voice o Door Locked Confirmed pen Timer Expiration or Door Closed PT Door Door Unlocked AJ Door Open Fig 6 PIC State Diagram The Waiting for Card state is also referred to as the idle state This is the state of the system when it is not currently in use The system will remain in the Waiting for Card state until a card comes in range of the receiver and the card reader subsystem transmits the card identification to the microcontroller If the card s identification is not among th
14. operates at frequencies up to twenty megahertz voltages in the range of 2 0 V to 5 5 V and currents as high as two hundred and fifty milliamps 7 The microcontroller s connection to the programmer is the only connection to a peripheral device that will not utilize a terminal block Instead of a terminal block six 0 025 square pins with 0 100 spacing will be used to connect to the programmer The six pins that make up this connection are designated as Vpp MCLR Vpp Target Vss ground PGD PGC and auxiliary The Vpp MCLR pin provides voltage for programming and master clear functionality The pin will connect to the Vpp MCLR pin on the microcontroller through a series of capacitors and resistors as indicated by the programmer s data sheet The Vpp pin and the Vss pin will be connected to their respective pins on the microcontroller The PGD pin will connect to port B at pin seven while the PGC pin will connect to port B at pin six These pins on the microcontroller provide special functionality for in circuit programming The auxiliary pin will have no connection to the circuit however it will still be included since there is a specified port for it on the programmer The programmer will connect to the printed circuit board by plugging the programming connector into the square pin connectors mounted on the board A USB cable will be used to connect the programmer to a computer A hex file is used to program the microcontroller
15. peration it can happen but it should be consideration for the future design VIII CONCLUSION This project being a heavily involved group initiative required that each person achieve their individual goal and responsibility The project has successfully presented a functional and low complexity microcontroller based on voice recognition and door access control system We accomplished what we set out to do make a hands free door open and closed with the feature of RFID card and voice recognition A real life equivalent of the design can be developed where high security is required ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and support of Dr Samuel Richie Dr Michael Georgiopoulos Sean P Wicks HDR Inc Michael E McCoy Stanley Security Solutions Inc Emma Battaglia HID Global Corporation Herb Gingold Texas Instrument WORKFORCE CENTRAL FLORIDA and the University of Central Florida Anh Loan Nguyen would like to acknowledge the support by WORKFORCE CENTRAL FLORIDA John E Van Sickle would like to acknowledge the support by WORKFORCE CENTRAL FLORIDA Jordan K Acedera would like to acknowledge the support by WORKFORCE CENTRAL FLORIDA REFERENCES 1 HID Product MaxiProx5373 http www hidglobal com prod_detail php prod_id 10 2 TIDE and Tibbo basic user Manual http docs tibbo com taiko index html ser_clockdata_mode htm Wiegand to Serial Converter Reader RF Ideas http ww
16. rds simplifying the interaction between difference technologies A great number of benefits would stem from the implementation of such systems greater safety autonomy and self esteem and consequently better relationships with others The proposed project is to utilize Radio Frequency Identification RFID and Voice Recognition technology to create a Security Hands Free Entry System The Security Hands Free Entry System is motivated by the many times when people are hurriedly entering or leaving their residence as they are carrying groceries or boxes which may occupy the use of both hands With the completion of this project one will be able to easily enter a home or office even with both hands preoccupied RFID Technology utilizing a 125 KHz proximity key will allow the user to unlock a lock within two feet basic from the door they are trying to open The users will be able to walk up to the door with their key in their pocket and unlock the door without having to physically touch the key The proximity key would replace manual keys swipe cards The proximity key design will work in combination with voice recognition to ensure a higher level of personal security when unlocking the door A user spends a few moments enrolling his or her voice in an application creating a voice profile Under normal operating conditions when the proximity key is within range the user will be prompted by the application to speak a predetermined phrase of w
17. roller will be mounted on the printed circuit board which will electrically connect the microcontroller to other electronic components via conductive pathways Electrical components are attached to the surface of the printed circuit board by soldering The EAGLE PCB software has been used to create the circuit for the project The PIC schematic layout is show in figure 7 H PIC Microcontroller Power Supply The PIC16F877A will accept voltages in the range of 2 0 V to 5 5 V with frequencies as high as 20 megahertz ITTF The microcontroller will connect to the five volt power supply via a terminal block the same way it connects to each of the subsystems This will provide more versatility than if the power supply were mounted on the board directly It makes replacing the power supply easier incase it malfunctions A dedicated external power supply was considered for the PIC microcontroller However it made more sense to use a regulated power signal from the reader converter board There is no need for separate power supplies because the function of the microcontroller relies on receiving data from the card reader If the power supply to the card reader fails the microcontroller will not be able to function properly It makes sense that these two subsystems share the same power supply VII THE SYSTEM OPERATION After the system is turned on the door indicator s light emitting diode LED come ON after some few seconds indicati
18. sition Request to Exit Push Button Door Assembly Fig 1 General Hardware Design Block Diagram HI CARD ACESS CONTROL SYSTEM The Card Reader access control system shall provide the ability to regulate access the door through PIC microcontroller We use MaxiPro 5375 for card reader Prox card II and Wiegand converter for reader controller interface These entire products meet our requirement of our product which is the reader can read the card at least 2 feet range The completed card access control system is shown in figure 2 A ProxCard II Proximity is an access control identification technology that utilizes radio frequency RF circuits in microchip form The microchips are encoded and transmit the encoded information when activated The proximity card is used with its associated proximity card readers The RF programmable Proxcard II is compatible with all HID proximity readers ProxCard II is offers extremely consistent read range and unaffected by body shielding or variable environment conditions even when close to keys and coins Using ProxCard II with MaxiProx reader can produce read range up to 24 inches The ProxCard II requires a minimum of 5VDC for operation and will accept up to 16 VDC input It draws an average of 35 mA at 12VDC and has a peak current draw of 125 mA Cards has encoded as 26 bit Wiegand to utilizing proximity technology The card can fit into wallet or purse It is light weight strong fle
19. the microcontroller it needs to be programmed The process of programming a PIC is often referred to as burning A hex file is required for burning into the PIC It is possible to program the hex file directly but for the sake of simplicity a compiler is often used to generate the file from code written in a more user friendly language There are several C compilers available for programming PICs The PIC control program can be written using a low level assembly language or high level language such as C or Java A complier for high level language helps to reduce production time The PICkit2 Microcontroller Programmer is developed by Microchip the same company that develops the PIC16F877A used for this project The programmer package contains the PICkit2 Development Programmer Debugger the PICkit2 Programming Software a USB cable and lessons for programming PIC microcontrollers The programmer uses a USB mini B connector to connect to a computer and a 6 pin programming connector to connect it to the target device The 6 pin programming connector accepts 0 025 square pins with 0 100 spacing In order to connect the programmer to the microcontroller it will be necessary to mount a 6 pin male header connector on the printed circuit board The source code has been commented to facilitate any occasional future improvement and maintenance The code written followed all the three steps of microcontroller program development that is C
20. tivated with the press of a switch It can be used with electric strike A time delay function is built into the control system eliminating the need for supplemental relay or controls 5 B Electric Strike Electric strike is also called electric latch release they replace a standard strike mounted into the door frame and receive the latch and latch bolt It has a drop away side that as energized moves out of the way of the door mounted lockset Latches are set to default as either lock safe or lock secure This is the mode that the lock would be in if the power were lost 6 C Request to Exit Push Button The user may desire to exit the interior while utilizing the electric strike This push to exit switch enhances the operation of the system by allowing minimal contact The voltage range of request to exit push button is 11 6 28 5VDC Requirement for a door exit application would be a N O or Normally Request to exit Push Button shall be surface wall mounted about 48 above finish floor on the interior side of the door D Magnetic Door Position Switch The magnetic door position switch is an invisible sensing device It is used to monitor the status of the door The magnetic door position switch is activated when the door is moved from a closed position E Door Relay Circuit A simple relay circuit has used to communication between the door and PIC microcontroller unit It is a switch to turn on and off connection between PI
21. ue from the SR 06 with the user ID received from the PIC If the value and user ID match a 3 bit confirmation code is sent to the PIC to confirm a match If a match is not made a bit sequence of all zeros 000 will be sent to the PIC D Speaker Recognition System Power Supply The SR 06 requires a 9V power supply which comes in the form of a standard 9V battery This poses the problem of prolonged use initial testing shows the battery can only last for a few hours while the circuit is on standby We can easily remedy this by replacing the battery with a 9V power supply For the purposes of our demonstration we will continue to use the 9V battery however Should we decide to further develop our prototype we will switch to a constant 9V power supply V ELECTRONIC DOOR SYSTEM The Electric Door System shall provide the ability to open the door without having to insert a key and turn a knob utilizing industry standard hardware utilizing proven technologies The completed door hardware system is shown below 120VAC Power D 4990 Low Energy Operator Door Position Switch Electric Strike Request to Exit Push Relay Circuit PIC Power Supply for Lock Fig 4 A D 4990 Low Energy Operator Electronic Door System Block Diagram The D 4990 Low Energy Operator is an electro mechanical product designed to provide safe and convenient automatic access It is a Power Open operator that can be ac
22. w rfideas com products wiegand_converters Speech Recognition Circuits http www imagesco com kits speech recognition kit html PrecisionHardware com http www precisionhardware com index asp Mode D499 0 Electric Strike Wikipedia the free encyclopedia http en wikipedia org wiki Electric_strike PIC16F877A http www microchip com wwwproducts Devices aspx dD ocName en010242 ti BIOGRAPHY Anh Loan Nguyen is currently a senior Electrical Engineering at the University of Central Florida She will be completing her Bachelor Degree in fall 2012 After graduation she will continue her career path working for HDR Inc John E Van Sickle is currently a senior Electrical Engineering at the University of Central Florida He will be completing his Bachelor Degree in May 2012 He plans to pursue his Master s in Business with future plans towards a PhD in an emerging technology in electro optics bio nanotechnology Jordan K Acedera is currently a Computer Engineering undergraduate student at the University of Central Florida He will be completing his Bachelor Degree in Computer Engineering this semester Christopher Spalding is a senior Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida After earning his Bachelor Degree in Computer Engineering Christopher will begin his graduate studies at the University of Louisville School of Medicine
23. xible and resistant to breaking 12 VDC POWER SUPPLY READER CONVERTER INTERFACE PIC MICROCONTROLLER B MaxiPro 5375 Long Range Reader Fig 2 Card Access Control System The Reader is used to activate the passive tags with RF energy and extract information from these tags They contain a transmitter receiver and digital control module that interface with the operator interface The reader interfaces with its antenna via an interface chip Ifa tag is sensed by the antenna the reader will transmit the data to controller The controller will decode the data and pass it to the operation interface where is programmed to lock or unlock the door The ability to read a tag from much a greater distance requires much more complicated receiver circuitry and the ability to generate a higher power RF magnetic field Each reader can only talk to its corresponding card type since each of the technologies is unique For HID Proximity 125 kHz MaxiProx 5375 Reader is ideal for long read range applications It has long read range distance up to 6 feet with ProxPass MaxiProx is easily interfaced with all existing Wiegand Clock and Data RS 232 RS 422 and RS 8485 protocol access control system 1 C Reader Converter Interface The Wiegand interface is the wiring standard used to connect access card mechanisms and other security devices to electronic entry systems that read the input information In the Wiegand mode the ser
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